Standardization of a Primary Standard and Determination of Concentration by Acid-Base Titration

The purpose of this lab is to determine the concentration of various unknown acids by titrating them with a base of known concentration.

Abstract: The process of determining the concentration of an unknown is called standardization. So in this experiment, we will determine the concentrations three acidic solutions which includes a KHP solution, an HCl solution, and a CH3COOH solution. We will do this by titrating the acids with an NaOH base with a known concentration. In order to accomplish this, we will set up a titration in which we will measure the Ph of our acids as we drop controlled and noted amounts of NaOH in the acids. We will stop titrating our acid when we measure a huge jump in ph which indicate that we reached the point of neutralization or equivalence point. The equivalence point is the point where the correct amount of volume of our base has neutralized our acids and so the moles of the acid and the moles of the base are equal. At this point, the Molarity of our base times the volume of our base used equals the Molarity of the acid times the volume of acid titrated (M1V1=M2V2). Thus after identifying our equivalence point for each titration, we will be able to calculate the the unknown Molarity of our acid. After titrating a .108M solution of NaOH with the acids we concluded that the KHP had a Molarity of .049M, while our HCl had a concentration of .031M and CH3COOH had a concentration of .14M. Materials: Solid sodium hydroxide, NaOH Solid potassium hydrogen phthalate, KHP Distilled water Plastic weighing dish or weighing paper Balance 50 mL and 100 mL graduated cylinders Buret and buret clamp 100 mL graduated cylinder Procedure, Data, Calculations, Questions, Results and Graphs are attached separately. Data Collection Mechanism pH Sensor Ring stand 250 mL beaker 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask Utility clamp Magnetic stirrer and stirring bar

Conclusion: After performing the experiment, we concluded that KHP had a Molarity of .049M because we were able to acquire out .50 grams of KHP which equals .0024 moles of KHP which

was dissolved in 50ml of water equaling .049M, while our HCl had a concentration of .031M because we titrated 25 ml of HCl with .108M of NaOH which reached equivalence at the volume of 7.25ml which resulted in a concentration of .031M of KHP and lastly, we concluded that CH3COOH had a concentration of .14M because 20ml of the acid was titrated with .108M NaOH which reached equivalence after we dropped 25.3ml of our base. Possible errors could have come from the ph readings because we often received jumps in readings and this can be prevented by making sure that the tip of the reader is completely covered with the solution being titrated.