Introduction to tourism and hotel industry

As known to everyone tourism and hospitality has been present ever since the beginning of the human race. But it is to be seen that how it is evolved since the time when hospitality was just a meagre way to express an emotion towards family and friends when they visit ones place and make them feel comfortable and at home all the time and at times even going the extra mile to make them feel comfortable and happy. To a time when everything changed and hospitality was no more just an expression but became something which was much more professional, much more personalised, catering to every guests personal needs and making them feel comfortable and this came to be known as the Hospitality Industry. As time progressed, slowly but steadily the Hospitality Industry has been able to make its presence felt in the Service Sector, and today the Hospitality Industry is one of the major contributors in the Service Sector. So, basically we are going to talk about the history of the commercial hospitality industry from the antiquity to the 19th century and how it evolved around this time.

Tourism Tourism is the act of travel for predominantly recreational or leisure purposes, and also refers to the provision of services in support of this act. According to the World Tourism Organization, tourists are people who "travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited". Tourism, however long its incident duration, has become an extremely popular, global activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals.[1] As a service industry, tourism has numerous tangible and intangible elements. Major tangible elements include transportation, accommodation, and other components of a hospitality industry. Major intangible elements relate to the purpose or motivation for

becoming a tourist, such as rest, relaxation, the opportunity to meet new people and experience other cultures, or simply to do something different and have an adventure. Tourism is vital for many countries, due to the income generated by the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment and economic advancement by working in the industry. For these reasons NGOs and government agencies may sometimes promote a specific region as a tourist destination, and support the development of a tourism industry in that area. The contemporary phenomenon of mass tourism may sometimes result in overdevelopment, however alternative forms of tourism such as ecotourism seek to avoid such outcomes by pursuing tourism in a sustainable way. The terms tourism and travel are sometimes used interchangeably. In this context travel has a similar definition to tourism, but implies a more purposeful journey. The terms tourism and tourist are sometimes used pejoratively to imply a shallow interest in the cultures or locations visited by tourists.

One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist Hermann Von Schullard in 1910, who defined it as, "sum total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region." Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941, defined tourism as "the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity."[2] In 1976 Tourism Society of England defined it as "Tourism is the temporary, short-term movement of people to destination outside the places where they normally live and work and their activities during the stay at each destination. It includes movements for all purposes." In 1981 International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism defined Tourism in terms of particular activities selected by choice and undertaken outside the home environment.

Hotel industry According to the British laws a hotel is a place where a b onafied traveler canreceive food and shelter provided he is in a position to for it and is in a fit condition toreceive.Hotels have a very long history, but not as we know today, way back in the 6thcentury BC when the first inn in and around the city o f London began to develop. Thefirst catered to travelers and provided them with a mere roof to stay under. This conditionof the inns prevailed for a long time, until the industrial revolution in England, which brought about new ideas and progress in the business at inn keeping.The invention of the steam engine made traveling even more prominent. Whichhad to more and more people traveling not only for business but also for leisure reasons.This lead to the actual development of the hotel industry as we know it today.Hotel today not only cater to the basic needs of the guest like food and shelter provide much more than that, like personalized services etc.Hotels today are a Home away from home

EVOLUTION OF THE HOTEL INDUSTRY: Lodging or Hotel industry is made up of a organization that provide over night accommodation to the public and includes food and beverage services, entertainment facilities and also other services which satisfy the public.The basis of hospitality industry is tourism as it mentions to the movement of people from one destination to another desired destination of the traveler. The movement of people created a need to stay thus the time the hospitality industry evolved in the world. The hotel industry is perhaps one of the oldest commercial endeavor in the world. Hotel industry itself as its own history which dates back to sixth century, with the invention of wheel and money by sumersions. Easy travel was on the basis causes that increased the the hospitality industry and the growth of these service industry started. The first form of lodging was on "Early Inns" where the travelers make their own beds ventured known as "Inn-Keeping". It is like a small dwelling and was maintained by land lords of the country. These form of "Inn-Keeping" remained for such a long time. The industrial evolution in England brought in the much need change and the new trends for the hospitality industry. The early inns slowly got transferred to the biggest lodges, then into hotels and then into the modern and cultured growing industry and also ultimately the most profitable industry of the modern world. Emergence of various empires and the development of roads, railways, steam coaches, ships, aviation etc brought a tremendous change in tourism with that the industry developed and achieved one of its kind where it is now. The rest houses, faverns, inns right from the Roman era, who were the first travelers, showed the kind of interest for the potentials of these industry, it was in demand right from the beginning.

The history of hotels is intimately connected to that of civilisations. Or rather, it is a part of that history. Facilities offering guests hospitality have been in evidence since early biblical times. The Greeks developed thermal baths in villages designed for rest and recuperation. Later, the Romans built mansions to provide accommodation for travellers on government business. The Romans were the First to develop thermal baths in England, Switzerland and the Middle East. Later still, caravanserais appeared, providing a resting place for caravans along Middle Eastern routes. In the Middle Ages, monasteries and abbeys were the First establishments to offer refuge to travellers on a regular basis. Religious orders built inns, hospices and hospitals to cater for those on the move. From antiquity to the Middle Ages - The history of hotels is intimately connected to that of civilisations. Or rather, it is a part of that history. Facilities offering guests hospitality have been in evidence since early biblical times. The Greeks developed thermal baths in villages designed for rest and recuperation. Later, the Romans built mansions to provide accommodation for travellers on government business. The Romans were the First to develop thermal baths in England, Switzerland and the Middle East. Later still, caravanserais appeared, providing a resting place for caravans along Middle Eastern routes. In the Middle Ages, monasteries and abbeys were the First establishments to offer refuge to travellers on a regular basis. Religious orders built inns, hospices and hospitals to cater for those on the move. Inns multiplied, but they did not yet offer meals. Staging posts were established for governmental transports and as rest stops. They provided shelter and allowed horses to be changed more easily. Numerous refuges then sprang up for pilgrims and crusaders on their way to the Holy Land. Travelling then became progressively more hazardous. At the same time, inns gradually appeared in most of Europe. Some of them have remained famous, for example, l' Auberge des Trois Rois in Basle, which dates from the Middle Ages. Around 1200, staging posts for travellers and stations for couriers were set up in China and Mongolia.

In Europe, or more precisely in Belgium, l' Auberge Cour Saint Georges opened in Gant, while the Angel Inn was built at Grantham in Lincolnshire, England. The start of the hotel industry - In France, at the beginning of the fifteenth century, the law required that hotels keep a register. English law also introduced rules for inns at that time. At the same time, around 1500 thermal spas were developed at Carlsbad and Marienbad. During this epoch, more than 600 inns were registered in England. Their architecture often consisted of a paved interior court with access through an arched porch. The bedrooms were situated on the two sides of the Courtyard, the kitchen and the public rooms at the front, and the stables and storehouses at the back. The First guide books for travellers were published in France during this period. An embryonic hotel industry began to develop in Europe. Distinctive signs were hung outside establishments renowned for their refined cuisine. At the end of the 1600s, the First stage coaches following a regular timetable started operating in England. Half a century later, clubs similar to English gentlemen's clubs and masonic lodges began to appear in America. In Paris in the time of Louis XIV, the Place Vendme offered the First example of a multiple-use architectural complex, where the classical faades accommodated boutiques, offices, apartments and also hotels. In the nineteenth century, hotels take over the town -The industrial revolution, which started in the 1760s, facilitated the construction of hotels everywhere, in mainland Europe, in England and in America. In New York First of all, and then in Copenhagen, hotels were established in city centres. At the beginning of the 1800s, the Royal Hotel was built in London. Holiday resorts began to flourish along the French and Italian rivieras. In Japan, Ryokan guest houses sprang up. In India, the government-run Dak bungalows provided reliable accommodation for travellers. The Tremont House in Boston was the First deluxe hotel in a city centre. It offered inside toilets, locks on the doors and an " la carte" menu.

The Holt Hotel in New York City was the First to provide its guests with a lift for their luggage. In 1822, in Venice, a certain Giuseppe Dal Niel transformed an old palace into a hotel and gave it his name, "Le Danieli". As trains began to replace horse-drawn transport, highway inns for stage coaches started to decline. During this period, the Shepheards Hotel in Cairo was founded, the result of a complete transformation of an ancient city-centre harem. L'Htel des Bergues was built in the spring of 1834 on the shore of the Lake of Geneva. One of its founders, Guillaume Henri Dufour, became a famous Swiss general. In 1840, l'Htel des Trois Couronnes was established in Vevey in Switzerland and the Baur au Lac in Zurich, fully refurbished since 1995. In New York, the New York Hotel was the First to be equipped with private bathrooms. The "Bayerischer Hof" was built in Munich in 1841, followed in 1852 by the "Vier Jahreszeiten" . These two famous establishments were completely renovated after the Second World War. Le Grand Htel Paris -The inauguration of the Grand Htel in Paris took place on 5 May 1862 in the presence of the Empress Eugnie. The orchestra, directed by Jacques Offenbach, played the Traviata. This building was designed by the architect Alfred Armand, in order to "show the lite of travellers from all over the world the progress made under the Second Empire by the sciences, arts and industry". The exterior faades with their high arched doors and their Louis XIV windows were in the style required for the surroundings of the Opra.The greatest names in painting and decoration participated in the completion of this hotel, the grandest in Europe in its dimensions, luxury and installations. The First hydraulic lift was installed in this hotel. "Lighting was supplied by 4000 gas jets; heating by 18 stoves and 354 hot air vents. In 1890, the entire hotel was equipped with electric lighting.

Due to the installation of steam central heating in 1901, baskets of wood were no longer sold on the floors. Some years later the hotel was renovated. Further renovation took place in 1970 and 1985. In 1982, it became a member of the InterContinental chain. Since 1992 the hotel has been equipped with a central Building Management System. In June 2003, Le Grand Htel Paris has re-opened its doors following an eighteen-month multi-million dollar renovation. The Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York City was the First in that period to provide lifts for its guests. 1869 saw the inauguration, near Cairo, of the Mena House, an oasis of calm and luxury, at the foot of the famous pyramids of Cheops, Chephren and Mikerinos. In 1870, the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago was the grandest of all hotels. Its structure, the First of its kind, was fire-resistant. In 1873, the Palais de Wrtemberg in Vienna was transformed into a superb luxury residence for the notables of the epoch, l'Htel Imprial. Kings and queens became regular visitors to what is without doubt the finest example of the refined architecture of the Ringstrasse in Vienna. It is said that Richard Wagner directed the First productions of "Tannhuser" and "Lohengrin" there. Two years later in 1875, the Grand Hotel Europe opened its doors in St Petersburg. This prestigious place where Tchaikoswky spent his honeymoon and where Shostakovich played a sonata for Prokofiev in his suite. In 1880, the Sagamore Hotel on Lake George in the state of New York was the very First to provide electricity in all its rooms. The First school for hoteliers was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1890 by J. Tschumi, Director of the Beau Rivage in Lausanne, and A.R. Armleder, the "father" of the Richemond in Genve. In Monte Carlo, l'Htel Hermitage opened its doors in 1896, offering its guests the refined and luxurious atmosphere enjoyed by the rich at the close of the nineteenth century. Shortly afterwards, the Victoria Hotel in Kansas City offered bathrooms with every room. The Netherland Hotel in New York City then became the First to provide all its guests with their own telephone.

In Athens in 1874, Stathis Lampsas, a chef by profession, realised his dream by building l'Htel Grande Bretagne. Athens was suffering at that time from a shortage of water. It is said that the personnel bought water from carriers in the street to bring to the 80 bedrooms and ... the two bathrooms. Of course, the establishment has undergone several renovations since that time. In 1894, the Grand Htel became the First Italian hotel to boast an electricity supply. The Swiss hotelier Caspar Badrutt opened the famous Palace de Saint Moritz in 1896. In 1898, Csar Ritz, from the Valais in Switzerland, who became, to quote the famous phrase of King Edward VII, the "king of hoteliers and hotelier to kings", opened the hotel which bears his famous name in the Place Vendme in Paris. The twentieth century: the age of prosperity -The early years of the twentieth century were rich in new hotels which rapidly became prestigious. Edouard Niiermans, the "architect of palaces", transformed the Villa "Eugenie", the summer residence of the Emperor Napolon III and his wife Eugnie de Montijo, in 1900. In 1905, he built l'Htel du Palais in Biarritz. In 1913 his "Ngresco" was opened in Nice, in the presence of seven kings! In Madrid, King Alphonse XIII was anxious that the capital should have a luxurious and prestigious hotel, and as a result the Ritz was inaugurated in 1910. Seville paid its own homage to the king by opening a splendid establishment, constructed by the architect Jos Espiau, the Alphonso XIII. Not to be outdone, Barcelona inaugurated its own Ritz in 1919. This was equipped with an unheard of luxury at that time, bathrooms with hot as well as cold water! We could also cite, among many other hotels built in the same period, the Ritz and Savoy in London, the Beau Rivage Palace in Lausanne, le Ngresco in Nice, the Plaza in New York, the Mtropole in Brussels, the Plaza-Athene and l'Htel de Crillon in Paris, the Taj Mahal in Bombay and so on. The latter was renovated in 1972 by the InterContinental chain.

The prosperous nineteen-twenties saw a veritable boom in the hotel industry. Numerous hotels were established in this decade. In 1923, the architects Marchisio and Prost constructed a hotel in some wonderful gardens in the heart of Marrakech in Morocco, and for decades it was considered the most beautiful hotel in the world: La Mamounia. Winston Churchill helped to forge its reputation by becoming a frequent guest. Hotels were built not only in cities, but also in the mountains. The First ski resorts in Switzerland (Saint-Moritz, Gstaad, Montana, etc.) welcomed tourists (often English ones) to some very comfortable establishments. The worldwide depression which followed in 1929 did not prevent the construction of the famous Waldorf Astoria in New York. This was the greatest hotel edifice of those troubled times. After the war, the fifties saw the second boom in the hotel industry. The Club Mditerrane (G. Trigano) created the now famous, but then revolutionary concept of the club village. These years were also notable for the construction of the Firstcasino hotels. This was also the time when the airline companies began to develop their own hotels. In the sixties, new tourist resorts flourished around the Mediterranean. From Spain to Greece and from the Balearics to Yugoslavia, numerous city and beach hotels opened their doors to summer guests hungry for relaxation and a good dose of sunshine. Portugal and the Scandinavian countries soon followed their lead. 1970 saw the beginning of the construction of hotels for business people. This movement was supported by several factors.First of all, there was the will of the airline companies to extend their efforts in the domain of hotels. Then there was the sudden prosperity, due to black gold, of Middle Eastern countries which attracted business people from the entire world. This engendered an important business travel trend - not limited to this region alone - which initiated the development of hotels primarily designed for business people in Middle-Eastern cities like Dubai, Abu Dhabi, Riyadh and Jeddah, to mention only the most important. Hotel chains, attentive to their customers' wishes, started to offer an increasingly varied range of services. Their rooms became more spacious and the cuisine more refined.

Gradually, too, various First class hotels (among them former palaces and city centre hotels) which had fallen into disrepair began systematic renovation programmes. The end of the seventies, when China opened its doors to foreign tourists, also saw the First congresses of international hotel experts. The third hotel industry boom -The third boom in the hotel industry began in 1980, marked by more inventive marketing and the development of hotels increasingly adapted to a particular type of clientele. This trend prompted the construction of hotels near airports, hotels for conferences, health hotels, ski holiday hotels, holiday villages and marina hotels. The First Property Management Systems (Fidelio, Hogatex, etc.) appear in the hospitality market. In Istanbul in 1984, work began on the renovation and transformation into a hotel of the prestigious sultans' residence, the Ciragan Palace in Istanbul. The resulting hotel is no less prestigious than the Ciragan Palace was. Managed by theKempinski chain, it opened its 322 rooms to guests in 1991. The First administrative hotel management systems, offering hotels greater independence from human resources, then appeared on the market. The hotel industry was becoming more and more competitive. Business travellers and retired people became important target customers. In the eighties, too, the Far East began to prepare itself to welcome both business people and the tourists who were beginning to discover the countries of the rising sun, such as China, South Korea, Thailand and Japan. The international chains (American for the most part) prepared expansion plans for Europe, the Middle and Far East which were mainly aimed at congress participants and business people. The nineties: technology starts to make an impact -The early nineties were characterised by a recession in the hotel business, without doubt caused by reductions in multinationals' travel budgets and the growing crisis in the Gulf. The Gulf War helped to create great insecurity for both individuals and business. 1991 is considered to be the black year of the hotel trade. It forced hoteliers to become more creative in finding ways of attracting guests (special programmes, offers for "frequent

travellers", high performance reservation systems) and thus emerge from the crisis with the minimum damage. For the First time, the environment and energy conservation played an important role in the marketing activities of numerous chains (thanks in part to the green movement) and even helped to win the loyalty of numerous clients while safeguarding assets at the same time. Reservation systems became more efficient and offered the hotelier a new dimension in the creation of customer loyalty, the database. The records of each guest's individual history have helped create individualised marketing programmes and have enabled hotels to satisfy a guest's personal needs from the moment of his arrival. Hotel Adlon Berlin is a legend reborn. From its opening in 1907, until it was destroyed in 1945, it was a symbol of Berlin, a lavish host for royalty, heads of government, stage and screen stars, and the greats of literature and science. Now, it has been rebuilt (1997) on its original site, the corner of Unter den Linden and Pariser Platz, facing the Brandenburg Gate. Outside, it is a virtual replica of the original; inside it is testimony to what smart hotel operators (in this case the Kempinskigroup) can accomplish with an investment of $260 million. The hotel's 337 rooms and suites are the ultimate in luxury. Interiors, designed by England's Ezra Attia and Sweden's Lars Malmquist, dazzle with marble, sandstone, stained glass, gold leaf, stuccowork, cherry wood panelling, and damask draperies. This hotel is today equipped with the most advanced technology with regards to the Room Management System communicating with the Property Management System. Since 1992, the most important international chains have been vying with each other in ever greater imaginative feats related to the vital process of renovating their establishments worldwide.Technology has started to take its rightful place in hotel administration (simplification of check-in and check-out procedures, global reservation systems, marketing management etc.). In 1995, the First Hotel Room Management System is launched at the European level. It is linked to the most popular Property Management Systems to make the front desk more efficient and near to the guests.

At International Technology Forums, speakers unanimously, underlined the impact of technology on hotel rooms. Hotel chains have been searching for alliances and some of them. For example: Holyday Inn, InterContinental, and Crown Plaza have merged to form Six continents hotels Chain; Marriot absorbed Renaissance and Ramada International; Sol Meliaopened a new line of Boutique hotels, Accor signed several joint ventures in the East and the Far East, etc.) Forte acquired Mridien to reinforce its global position. Starwoods (Sheraton) absorbed the Italian Ciga chain and Westin. The main expansion zones for the hotel industry in 1994 remained Asia (particularly China and India), the Middle East (above all, the United Arab Emirates and Egypt) and Latin America. In Europe, hotel enterprises in the eastern countries (Russia, Croatia, Slovakia, etc.) decided to renovate dilapidated palaces built at the turn of the century. All the European capitals started to invest in preparations for the major event of this fin de sicle period, that is, the celebration of our entry into the third Millennium. The 3 star hotel Millennium enjoying top level of On-line Room Management System is situated at the best site in Opatija at the Mediterranean coast. Opatija in Croatia corresponds, in terms of reputation, to the level of St. Moritz in Switzerland. Capitals throughout the world were busy developing the necessary infrastructure to welcome the millions of tourists for the celebration of this event. Major hotel chains are drawing up development plans in almost all parts of Europe. These plans primarily involve the renovation of numerous prestigious hotels in both western and eastern European countries. Gradually, the great capitals of Europe have been endowed with hotels boasting three, four and five stars, offering quality services, innovative architecture, style, charm, and interior design (city Boutique hotels). Specialised hotels offer wellness programs including health and beauty centres, personalised services and treatments, anti-stress, revitalising, regenerating programs, etc. Extravaganza - In 1995 construction began in Dubai of one of the most ambitious and prestigious tourist complexes in the region, the Jumeirah Beach Hotels (Jumeirah Beach

hotel, Burj Al Arab, etc.). These comprise several establishments capable of satisfying the needs of average tourists, business people and those who can afford real luxury. The talk now is of six- and seven-star hotels, a surprising designation which is nevertheless perfectly justified by the luxury of the bedrooms and the facilities they offer, the impeccable service, the high degree of modern technology, as well as the beauty of the surroundings and the high-quality environment.

EVENT ON" HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY: BIBLICAL : 500 BC Boarding houses existed, the mineral hot speiny in Gree, middle ease caravan sereis known as khans were probably the first lodging properties. MIDDLE AGES 1100's :- Iraver become safe in Europe and inns peepared. "Three kings inn" in Basil Switzerland opened the costliest inn of the world. Which is still in operation.

1400's :- While French laws revised hotels to register the english were established reservations for inns. 1500's :- First bunglows of its kind in India. 1850's :- "Spa reset" reach the peak 1900's :- :Tajmahal" the first star hotel of India! 1920's ;- The first school of hotel administration at Lorhen University. 1970's :- Opening of many Chain of hotels like Walt Disney hotel etc. 1980's :- Theme hotels were built and specialized services started. ION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

Tourism is a diffusive theory to describe according to Oxford dictionary. Tourism "is a composite of activities, services and industries that derives a travel experience available for individuals or groups or operation of tours of it can be derived from Latin word "Tornos" meaning eternal compass or wheel signifying circular motion". Its origin can be found in pre-industrial society but over time, opportunities have increased changing the picture from individual traveling from mass tourism. Travel for religious purposes assumed the importance on middle ages. The pilgrims started traveling across the globe, Romans were the first pleasure travelers. Magnificent network of roads were built and the travel became more due to leisure, wealth empires and desire to travel. Began in 200 B.C the silk rovte was the journey in the west, exchange of silk, musim fine cloth was done. It was reweded on chronological history. The grand tour, on 17th & 18th centuries were made by diplomats, business people, scholars, the curiosity to gain knowledge, culture and to see different regions tourism has become the part of every one. Curing the 18th century rail travel popularized travel cheaves were issued md crises were converted. By that time people started travelling in search pened up World War II marked the revolution of modest tourism. Tourism is an activity generating a number of social economical benefits, it romotes, international understanding, employment, restores cultural sritage, Foreign exchange about 50% of any developing countries are jrned in tourism. Due to tourism, the various monuments of countries are me place as welt as the revenue earning capacity. As we all know, tourism is not eco-friendly sometimes, it can be either positive or negative. It promotes the hospitality industry and to develop a particular nation. Tourism is the oneindustry where more than 450 million people travel around the world every year.

TOURISM SCENARIO IN INDIA World tourism figures indicate that India, a poor of 16 in the world's most popular tourist attractions. One share it world tourist if 0.4% and foreign exchange earnings are 0.5%. The top destinations are Rajasthan, Kerala and Goa with more tourists keeping in. Agra is still sold abroad as country of Taj Mahal. Khajouraho's erotic switches and legendary gangaes and the tampies on banks being an archetic type of India in tourist mind.

The entire himalayan range is not been exploited because of ignorance and not been properly maintained. South well exposed to India tourist id still a mystery for the foreigners. At present, India has nearly 900 hotels with nearly 54,000 rooms. These are nearly 622 projects in the pipe line. Then there is also need to develop the motor industry, along with government hostels. The Indian Tourism Development Corporation has agreed for chain of motors in 23 cities, including 26,000 rooms with oberoi groups, Accor, France etc. New industry policy also directs investment up to 51% capital is permitted. Indian tourism can be called "a tale of lost opportunities". However, of proper maintenance and guidance is given, the developing beaches of Goa and Kerala, the centers of pilgrimage will might well soon become the worlds most enthralling centers.

HOTEL INDUSTRY AND TOURISM INTER DEPENDENCE According to Oxford dictionary R.L Stevenson describes these relation has no hotels, no tourism. Hotels have been in its up growth right from 20th century. First the inns of England, the inns of France, Taverns of America, lodging or Banglows of India and slowly the growth of hotels industry.

Priest were the first service people where they gave people place to stay on Dharmashalas and then the land weds who built lodging houses and give these accommodation for the exchange of something where tradition stacked.

The relationship can be expressed in two ways

Hotels providing the basic services, there by increasing the tourists from difference countries. Bulk of business for hotels comes form tourism based on the demand of the season. As well as the foreign exchange and the popularity of a particular place.

Hotel industry has brought in new trends and ideas and has developed most parts of India which are actually not developed, foreign exchange, tax revenues, more employment opportunities has been a par of the hotel tourism with the growing development to make India a developed nation. FINANCE : Finance department is a service center which assists the functional groups, plans and operates the finance of the company to meet the ** requirements of the company. This is to obtain funds from different services. They may be share capital long-term loans, short term loans etc. The sources are classified for the convenience of simplicity, budjets, stores accountings etc., considering cost, risk, repayment schedule.

INVESTMENT : The finance procured from various sources has to be invested in developing of a plan, a project or in shares or in re-building a particular organization. It can be either for developing new areas in a project which is under taken or expanding the firm organization.

In all the above cases, investment risk and the return of profti has to be considered and taken care of.

Then the proposals are to be made with the capacity investing to take a project, so as to finish it successfully. WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT It is the most important activities which takes place on running the operations successfully. It requires a lot of expertise and to find out the errors of share capital, the judgmental accuracy is required. It can be defined as the sources to carry out the day to day activities as well as smoothly. It also can be said as "meeting the requirements of stock in process, raw materials, operations of stores, etc. The working capital required for day to day activities can be minimized keeping the current assets in flow in control and the activities not to get disturbed because of lack of working capital. It indicates 1. The position of the firm 2. Suggests the extent funds. to which we needs may be financed by permanent source of

MARKETING Most important function of any company is marketing, the goods produced. It is and ongoing process. Market research is the tool to find the market demand for the products. The objectives of marketing include create utility wants to satisfy customer by providing place, time and possession utility. And to minimize the cost of marketing activities.

PRICING The company fixes the prices based in cost of production, market demand, production image of the product, transportation, government policies, buyers tendency competition etc.

The main objective is to maximize the value of organization, the return on investment is been gradually pertained on rate of dividend, returned (reserve) also which will help in to maintain the value of the firm along with * capita). CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER DEPARTMENTS To achieve the overall objective that is the profitability of the firm, return on investments etc co-ordination with other departments such as production, marketing and personal needs are important.

CHAPTER-2

SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY, AND LIMITATION

SCOPE, OBJECTIVE, METHODOLOGY, LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT

SCOPE: The survey was conducted to study about the existing 3 star hotel in Bangalore city also to study about the facilities the clientele would require as such the facilities like banquet, conference halls, business center etc. To know which type of clientele is the hotel concentrating for example business class travelers, tourists etc. This hotel covers good important 3 star hotels in Bangalore city and their features

OBJECTIVE :

To make an assessment on facilities and services with regards 1 proposed hotels feasibility and development of tourism and

To estimate the manpower requirements and the hotels. To plan the location and technical aspects of the proposed hotel To estimate the cost of the project, operating and running costs, an means of finance. To calculate the profitability, determine the break even point and return on investment.

METHODOLOGY: The proposed hotel's data was collected from the following sources -Primary data :- Data is gathered through 1. Information from the hoteliers through interviews.

2. Data from observing and viewing the facilities provided on differer hotels. 3. Data collected from tourism offices, travel agents, as well as some of the views of the guest. 4. Data was also collected from the engineers and site developers. Secondary data :Data is gathered through 1. Information gathered through books, hotel brochures etc. 1. Tourism information was collected through internet and e-m services. 2. Stastic and the finance part was collected through financial ** 3. Limitations :

The whole of the project data and all the calculations was based on tr estimation given by the hotel staff and others.

Sufficient information was not given due to business secrel maintained by hotels, while the other were relevant to reveal th strategic information.

Calculations and costing part in this project are based on th assumptions.

CHAPTER-3

INFORMATION OF PLACE AND (GANGTOK)

PROFILE OF THE PLACE

The proposed hotel has said to be set up in Sikkim ( Gangtok )

History
The history of Sikkim begins with ancient Hindu and Tibetan contacts, followed by the establishment of a Tibetan kingdom (Chogyal) in the 17th century. Sikkim emerged as a polity in its own right against a backdrop of incursions from Tibet and Bhutan, during which the kingdom enjoyed varying degrees of independence. In the early 18th century, the British Empire sought to establish trade routes with Tibet, leading Sikkim to fall under British suzerainty until independence in 1947. Initially, Sikkim remained an independent monarchy, however in 1975, its subjects voted by plebiscite to become a state of India.

Ancient history of sikkim

Not much is known about Sikkim's ancient history, except that the original inhabitants were the Lepcha (or "Rong"), Limbu(Tsong) and Bhutias Sikkim also finds its mention on many Hindu texts as Indrakil or "Garden of Lord Indra." The Buddhist saint Guru Rinpoche is said to have passed through the land in the 9th century.. According to legend the Guru blessed the land, introduced Buddhism to Sikkim and also foretold the era of the monarchy in the state, which would arrive centuries later. There are numerous stories regarding the migration of Tibetans into Sikkim and the establishment of the Sikkimese monarchy. The most popular states that in the 13th century, Guru Tashi, a prince from the Mi-nyak House in Kham in Eastern Tibet, had a divine revelation one night instructing him to travel south to seek his fortunes. Guru Tashi settled down in the Chumbi Valley in Sikkim. In recent years a number of scholarly article have been written on the history of Sikkim, which cast doubt over the validity of these stories.

Invasions from Bhutan and Nepal

Phuntsog Namgyal was succeeded by his son, Tensung Namgyal in 1670. The reign of the chogyal was peaceful and saw the capital being shifted from Yuksom to Rabdentse.Chakdor Namgyal, the king's second wife's son, took over the throne from him in 1700. This outraged his elder half-sister Pendiongmu, who ousted him with the help of the Bhutanese. From 1700 to 1706, when Chakdor Namgyal, the third

chogyal ruled the Kingdom of Sikkim, most parts of Sikkim were under the invasion of Deb Naku Zidar, the king of Bhutan. Chakdor Namgyal went in exile into Tibet. The Tibetan people expelled the Bhutanese army, and called Chakdor Namgyal back to Sikkim. Chakdor's son Gyurmed Namgyal succeeded him in 1717. Gyurmed's reign saw many skirmishes between the Nepalese and Sikkimese. Phuntsog Namgyal II, the illegitimate child of Gyurmed, succeeded his father in 1733. His reign was tumultuous as he was faced with attacks by the Bhutanese and the Nepalese who managed to capture the capital Rabdentse. Tenzing Namgyal, chogyal from 1780 to 1793, was a weak ruler, and his sovereignty saw most of Sikkim being appropriated by Nepal. In 1788, the Nepali Gurkha Army invaded Sikkim, and took Limbuana and the former capital Rabdentse by storm. The king of Sikkim went into exile in Tibet for a second time. In 1788, the 8th Dalai Lama stationed him in Chumbi Valley in Rn zong (also "Rr," today's Yadong County).Tshudpud Namgyal, his son returned to Sikkim in 1793 to reclaim the throne with the help of China. Finding Rabdentse too close to the Nepalese border, he shifted the capital to Tumlong

Sikkim had retained guarantees of independence from Britain when she became independent, and such guarantees were transferred to the Indian government when it gained independence in 1947. A popular vote for Sikkim to join the Indian Union failed and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru agreed to a special protectorate status for Sikkim. Sikkim was to be a tributary of India, in which India controlled its external defence, diplomacy and communication. A state council was established in 1953 to allow for constitutional government for the Chogyal, which was sustained until 1973. In 1962, India and the People's Republic of China went to war. Although Sikkim was an independent country, skirmishes occurred at the Nathula Pass between Indian border guards and the Chinese soldiers. After the war, the ancient pass was shut down (it reopened July 6, 2006). The old ruler Tashi Namgyal died in 1963 after suffering from cancer. The last hereditary ruler, the Chogyal Palden Thondup Namgyal, ascended to the throne in 1965. Trouble began to brew for the crown even before the Chogyal assumed the throne, as Indian Prime Minister Nehru, who had carefully preserved Sikkim's status as an independent protectorate, died in 1964. His daughter Indira Gandhi, who became Prime Minister in 1966, would have little patience for maintaining an independent Sikkim or its monarchy. The chogyal, who responded to the increased pressure by drinking, was viewed by India as politically dangerous, especially after his wife, the American socialite Hope Cooke, published a journal article advocating a return of certain former Sikkimese properties. In early 1970 the anti-monarchy Sikkim National Congress Party demanded fresh elections and greater representation for the Nepalese.

In 1973, anti-royalty riots in front of the palace led to a formal request for protection from India. India worried that an unstable Sikkim would invite China to act on its claims that Sikkim was part of Tibet, and therefore part of China. The Indian government appointed a Chief administrator, Mr. B. S. Das, who effectively wrested control of the country away from the Chogyal. Frosty relations between the Chogyal and the elected Kazi (Prime Minister) Lhendup Dorji resulted in an attempt to block the meeting of the legislature. The Kazi was elected by the Council of Ministers which was unanimous in its opposition to the retention of the Monarchy. Indian reserve police were moved in and took control of the streets of Gangtok, after the Indian Army placed the palace of the Chogyal under siege, the borders were closed and little was known until American climber Caril Ridley happened into the capital and was able to smuggle photos and legal documentation out. When confirmed by China, Indias actions were brought into the spotlight of world awareness, However history had already been written and matters came to a head in 1975, when the Kazi (Prime Minister) appealed to the Indian Parliament for representation and change of status to statehood. On April 14, 1975, a referendum was held, in which Sikkim voted to merge with the union of India. Many in Sikkim maintain that the referendum was coerced and conducted at gun-point by the Indian Paramilitary forces. Those opposed to the merger were jailed during the time the referendum was conducted. According to one of the members present in the Sikkim parliament, the Chogyal had agreed to abdicate power to the elected representatives on the condition that Sikkim should not be merged with India. This was of no use as the Ministers' loyalties had already been bought by Indira Gandhi. Sikkim became the 22nd Indian State on April 26, 1975. On May 16, 1975, Sikkim officially became a state of the Indian Union and Lhendup Dorji became head of State (chief minister). The position of Chogyal was thus abolished, ending the monarchy. In 1982, Palden Thondup succumbed to cancer in the United States.

Modern Sikkim

The 1979 assembly election saw Nar Bahadur Bhandari elected Chief Minister of Sikkim. Bhandhari held on to win again in 1984 and 1989. In 1994, Assembly politician Pawan Kumar Chamling became the Chief Minister of Sikkim. In 1999 and 2004, Chamling consolidated his position to sweep the polls. Sino-Indian relations were somewhat bruised in 2000 by an event in Sikkim which challenged China's longstanding claim of Sikkim as an independent country. The unusual event was the escape of Ogyen Trinley Dorje from Tibet to Dharamsala, India. Ogyen Trinley Dorje is one of the two rival claimants who seeks recognition as the 17th Karmapa, the head of the Black Hat branch of Tibetan Buddhism(see Karmapa controversy). The two claimants did battle in the Indian court system for control of the considerable funds collected by the 16th Karmapa for the restoration and maintenance of Rumtek Monastery, located in Gangtok, Sikkim. The Chinese, who recognize Ogyen Trinley Dorje as the true Karmapa, were unhappy about the court outcome which awarded the monastery funds to the other rival. However, the Chinese government was in a quandary as to what to do about it, as any protest to India would mean an explicit endorsement that the high court of India holds jurisdiction over Sikkim. In 2003, with the thawing of ties between the two nations, Indian sovereignty over Sikkim was finally recognised by China. The two governments also proposed to open the Nathula and Jelepla Passes in 2005. On 18 September 2011, a magnitude 6.9Mw earthquake struck Sikkim, killing at least 116 people in the state and in Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Tibet. More than 60 people died in Sikkim alone, and the city of Gangtok suffered significant damage

Gangtok

State District

Sikkim East Sikkim

Government

Body

Gangtok Municipal Corporation

[1]

Mayor

K.N Topgay (SDF)

Area Total
[2]

35 km (14 sq mi)

Elevation

1,600 m (5,200 ft)

Population (2011) Total Density 98,658 5,675/km (14,700/sq mi)

2

Languages Official Nepali, Bhutia, Lepcha, Limbu,Newari, Rai, Gurung, Mangar,Sherpa, Tamang, Sunwar,Tibetans and Hindi

Places to visit
Nathu La
Is a mountain pass in the Himalayas. It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China's Tibet Autonomous Region. The pass, at 4,310 m (14,140 ft) above mean sea level, forms a part of an offshoot of the ancient Silk Road. Nathu means "listening ears" and La means "pass" in Tibetan. On the Indian side, the pass is 54 km (34 mi) east of Gangtok, the capital of Indian state of Sikkim. Only citizens of India can visit the pass, that too after obtaining a permit in Gangtok. Nathu La is one of the three open trading border posts between China and India; the other two are Shipkila in Himachal Pradesh and Lipulekh (or Lipulech) in Uttarakhand. Sealed by India after the 1962 Sino-Indian War, Nathu La was re-opened in 2006 following numerous bilateral trade agreements. The opening of the pass was expected to bolster the economy of the region and play a key role in the growing Sino-Indian trade but that has not happened. Currently, agreements between the two nations limit trade across the pass to 29 types of goods from India and 15 from the Chinese side. The opening also shortens the travel distance to important Hindu and Buddhist pilgrimage sites in the region

Rumtek monastery
Rumtek -Tibetan also called theDharmachakra Centre, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in the Indian state of Sikkim near the capital Gangtok. It is a focal point for the sectarian tensions that characterize the Karmapa Controversy. The monastery is currently the largest in Sikkim. It is home to the community of monks and where they perform the rituals and practices of the Karma Kagyu lineage. A

Golden Stupa contains the relics of the 16th Karmapa. Opposite that building is a college, Karma Shri Nalanda Institute for Higher Buddhist Studies.Rumtek is located 24 km from Gangtok, the capital of the Sikkim, at an altitude of about 1500 m.

Khecheopalri Lake
Khecheopalri Lake, originally known as Kha-ChotPalri (meaning the heaven ofPadmasambhava), is a sacred Lake for both Buddhists and Hindus, which is believed to be a wish fulfilling lake. It is located near Khecheopalri village, 147 kilometres (91 mi) west of Gangtok and 34 kilometres (21 mi) to the northwest of Pelling town in the West Sikkim district of the Northeastern Indian state of Sikkim. The local name for the lake isSho Dzo Sho, which means "Oh Lady, Sit Here". The popularly known name of the lake, considering its location is Khecheopalri Lake, ensconced in the midst of the Khechoedpaldri hill, which is also considered a sacred hill. The lake is an integral part of the much revered valley of "Demazong" meaning valley of rice. This landscape is also known as a land of hidden treasures blessed by Guru Padmasambhava. The Khecheopalri Lake is also part of Buddhist religious pilgrimage circuit involving theYuksom, the Dubdi Monastery in Yuksom, Pemayangtse Monastery, the Rabdentseruins, the Sanga Choeling Monastery, and the Tashiding Monastery. An interesting feature of the lake is that leaves are not allowed to float on the lake, which is ensured by the birds which industriously pick them up as soon as they drop into the lake surface. The Khecheopalri Lake and the Khangchendzonga National Park are conserved from the biodiversity perspective with ecotourism and pilgrimage as essential off shoots. As a result, their recreational and sacredness values are enhanced.

Ban Jhakri Falls

Located en route to Ranka and 4 km away from Gangtok, the Ban Jhakri Falls Energy Park, lies amidst a lush green valley spread over two acres, surrounded by trees and a gushing mountain river. The Park has a shamanistic theme. Hence, while the location of the Park penetrating the forest spreads seeks to enhance the essence of the occult and the unknown, the place itself is littered with ethnic sculptures and figurines of the Jhakri culture. The park includes a waterfall and has well laid out trails to wander along with gazebos placed at convenient spots to soothe weary legs while the eyes can continue to marvel over the gushing streams and falls. Sikkimese styled foot bridges add more color to the myriad hued park adorned with exotic flowers of wide variety. A dragonadorning splash pool beckons longingly at children who can splash about, while the exhibition centre also doubles as a cafeteria. Designated fishing spots along the stream further offer visitors a chance to dwell over life matters while waiting for a bite of the local trout.

M.G road
MG Road is the main commercial area of Gangtok. All major shops, banks,restaurants etc are located in around this place. The main part is kept for pedestrians and no vehicle can enter the main part of the road. It is like a plaza and seating arrangements are made at the middle row for the people to sit and enjoy the place.

Changu lake
It is literally known as "source of the lake " in Bhutia language. Just about 40 kms. away from Gangtok, the capital of the state, this serene lake is situated at an altitude of 12,000 ft on the Gangtok Nathu La highway. It falls in the restricted area and hence an inner line permit is required by Indians to visit this place. Foreign nationals are not permitted to visit this lake without special permission. The lake is about 1 km. Long, oval in shape, 15 meters deep and is considered sacred by the local people. It is also a home of brahminy ducks. It's cool, placid water harmonizes with the scenic beauty around. A small temple of lord Siva is constructed on the lakeside . This placid lake remains frozen during the winter months up to mid-May. Between May and August it is possible to see a variety of flowers in blooms, including the rhododendrons, various species of primulas, blue and yellow poppies, irises etc. It is also an ideal habitat for thered panda and various species of birds.

Teesta River Rafting

The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier above 7,068 m (23,189 ft), and flows southward through gorges and rapids in the Sikkim Himalaya.It is fed by rivulets arising in the Thangu, Yumthang and Donkia-La ranges. The river then flows past the town of Rangpo where the Rangpo River joins, and where it forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal up to Teesta Bazaar. Just before the Teesta Bridge, where the roads from Kalimpong and Darjeeling join, the river is met by its main tributary, theRangeet River. At this point, it changes course southwards flowing into West Bengal. The river hits the plains at Sevoke, 22 km (14 mi) north of Siliguri, where it is spanned by theCoronation Bridge linking the northeast states

to the rest of India. The river then courses its way to Jalpaiguri and then to Rangpur District of Bangladesh, before finally merging with the Brahmaputra River at Fulchori.

Flora and Fauna Sanctuaries

Sikkim is renowned for its astounding variety of birds, animals, and flowers -over 450 species of birds, 400 species of butterflies, 450 varieties of orchids, and 40 species of rhododendron. Two of the best places to see them are the Deorali Orchid Sanctuary in south Gangtok (visit from March to early May and the end of September to early December), and Kyongnosia Alpine Sanctuary around an hour from Gangtok on the way to Tsomgo Lake and Nathu La (vist from June until October).

Yuksom and the Dzongri Trail

Sikkim is a trekker's paradise. The trek from Yuksom to Dzongri Peak, and further on to Goecha Peak if you're up for the challenge, is the most popular trek in Sikkim. It passes through the unspoiled forests, magnificent rhododendron gardens, and powerful rivers of Kachenjunga National Park. Additional trekking permits are mandatory for foreigners.

Chapter-4 DEMAND AND QUANTIFICATION

CHAPTER 4 DEMAND QUALIFICATION

Resort Total No. of Rooms Average Occupancy
Mayfair Orange village Suhim portico

120 80%

73 80%

103 75%

Type of Clientele :Clientele Business Tourists Group Others mayfair 20 60 10 10 Orange village 40 40 10 10 Suhim portico 40 40 10 10

Average no. of Rooms =Total No. of Rooms available in all hotels Total No. of Hotels surveyed

120+73+103 3

= 98.6

Average clientele:-

1) Business := sum of percentage of business class in each hotel total no. of hotels surveys

= 20 + 40 + 40 3

=100/3

=33.33% 2) Tourists - Travelers := sum of percentage of tourist clientele in each hotel total no. of hotels surveys

= 60 + 40 + 40 3 =40 /3 = 46.67%

3) Group Travelers := sum of percentage of group clientele in each hotel total no. of hotels surveys

= 10+ 10 +10 = 30/3= 10.0%

4) Others = sum of percentage of other clientele in each hotel total no. of hotels surveys = 10 + 10+10= 30 = 10.0%

Weighted average occupancy (WAO) :Let 'N' be the number of rooms available in all houses N N O WAO: W = No. of rooms of a hotel X Occupancy % Total No. of rooms of all the hotels surveyed = = = 120 + 73 + 103 296 Occupancy in other hotels

120 X 80) + (73 X 80) + (103 X 75)

9600 + 5840 + 7725= 23165/296 =78.2 % Weighted Average Occupancy = 78.2 %

Assuming break even point = 60% Estimated demand - supply gap It is calculated as follows :Y = (W-B.E.P)XN 100 Where Y = Demand supply W = Weighted Average Occupancy B.E.P = Break Even Point Therefore, Y = (78.2 - 60) X 296 100 18,2 X296 = 5387.2

100 53 %

100

Estimation of number of rooms that can possibly be constructed without making any loss in the market: Y X1QO B.E.P 53 X 100 60 88 Rooms Hence, 88 Rooms can be established in the market without incurring any loss.

CHAPTER-5 TARGET MARKET AND RECOMMENDED MARKET MIX

NAME

NO. OF ROOMS 120

OCCUPANCT BUSINESS %

TOURIST

OTHERS

mayfair

80

20

60

10

Orange village

73

80

40

40

10

Suhim portico

103

75

40

40

10

AVG. NO . OF Clients

A) Business = 20 + 40 + 40 ------------------------ = 33% 3 B) Tourist = 60 + 40 + 40 ------------------------- = 46.6% 3 C) Other = 10 + 10 + 10 ----------------------- = 10% 3

The proposed hotel is a four star deluxe resort. The resort is a private limited company and it is located at Gangtok , Sikkim. This resort will be aimed to attract mostly tourist. It will strive for perfection in all aspects of the functioning of the hotel for the maximum clientele satisfaction. To ensure a smooth workflow in the proposed hotel, it is divided into various sub departments of better efficiency and co-ordination among staffs.

RECOMMENDED MARKET MIX

The marketing mix refers to complex or combination of marketing decisions, which may simulate sales. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objective in the target market.

NAME

NO. OF ROOMS 120

OCCUPANCT BUSINESS %

TOURIST

OTHERS

mayfair

80

20

60

10

Orange village

73

80

40

40

10

Suhim portico

103

75

40

40

10

The market mix denotes a combination of various elements, which together constitutes a firm marketing system. Marketing is concerned with business and the functions, product planning, pricing, selling advertising. marketing mix in short means the mixing of marketing ingredients which are popularly known as the serven ps viz. Place Product Price Promotion Process People Physical evidence An optimal marketing mix, hence, involves from a creative blinding of ingridents or elements , so that the product or service is offered to the market under the conditions most favourable to the attainment of marketing objectives. PLACE The place can be defined as the aggregate of forces or condition within which buyers and sellers make decisions that result in transfer of goods. By placing, we mean the selection of best location for hotel project. It is understood that in hotel business location plays a very vital role in ensuring the success of the hotel. The hotel is situated in GANGTOK.

The location offer the following things. 1. It is located in one of the cleanest area of town 2. It is quite area with less population. 3. It is located in the heart of the city close to the market. 4. Climate is ideal for tourist to spend relaxing holidays. 5. Sikkim is well known for adventurous destination so it will be heaven for people who love advanture. 6. Cool weather attract the honeymoon couples. Product The product is the most tangible and important single component of the marketing program. Without a product, there is nothing to promote and nothing to price. If the product fails to satisfy a consumer demand, no additional cost on any of the other ingredient of the marketing mix will improve the product performance in the market. There are several types of accommodation available. Full care will be taken for the customer who need physiological, economic social satisfication. Physiological satisfication The customer will be provided with facilities like thirst quenches, comfortable bed, warm and subbed environment.

Economical satisfication To launch the hotel successfully, the customers will be provide with credit facilities with value for money rapid services.

Social satisfaction Provision will be made of attentive service, enjoyable company, should advice in wines and other

Psychological satisfication The enhance of self-respect status and security is of very importantce. The todays market there is a lot of competition between the hotels to attract customers by providing certain facilities, so as to keep existence in the market. The proposed four star deluxe hotel would concentrate more on the needs of the business person, budget conscious and so on because of the strategic location. It would also attract vacationers due to its location and convenience and expecting a lot of leisure travelers.

CHAPTER -6 TECHNICAL AND MANPOWER PLANNING

TECHNICAL DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

The technical aspects 15 25 10 20 of the proposed hotels are as follows

Single Rooms Double Rooms Suites Cottages

Total No." of Rooms 70 Area of allocation for rooms -(Length and Breath in Sq.Ft) Single and Double Room a) Area of the Single Room = 15x20Sq.Ft = 300 Sq.Ft b) Area of the Double Room Average Room Area = 20 x 20 Sq.Ft 40 Sq.Ft c) Area of Cottage Room -

Average Room Area = 25 x 25 Sq.Ft 625 Sq.Ft d) Area of a Svite Average Room Area = 20 x 25 Sq.Ft 500 Sq.Ft

LAYOUT OF THE HOTEL : BASEMENT AREA IN Sq.Ft House Keeping Banquets Business Center Guest Toilet Banquet Store Back Area FAB Controllers Office General Stores Engineering Maintenance Personnel Executive Lockers (F) Executive Lockers (M) Purchase Staff lateria 500 500 100 1000 800 400 250 400 300 800 1200 4000 1500

Locker (M) Locker (F) Security Office Time Office Service Lift Guest Lift Gust Stair Case Audio & Video Control Corridor Accounts Total

500 300 200 150 200 200 200 150 1500 500 151650

GROUND FLOOR: Lobby / Lounge Front Office 1000 2500

Bar 24 Hrs Coffee Shop Kitchen Slopes Speciality restaurant Main Kitchen Guest Lift Service Lift Guest Stairs Back Office Room Service Gift Shop Corridor Guest Toilets (M & F) Service Stairs 100

1500 2000 500 500 1500 1500 150 150

800 250 200 1200 500 100

Total FIRST FLOOR: Single Room / Double Room (10 + 15 = 25) S.R = 15x20Sq.Ft D.R = 20x20Sq.Ft Service Lift Guest Lift Service Stairs Service Stairs Pantry (Floor) Pantry (Room Service) Corridor Total

14450

9000

150 150 100 100 200 200 1500 11400

SECOND FLOOR: Single Room 5( 15 + 20Sq.Ft) Double Room 10(20 + 20Sq.Ft) Suites( Standard) 10(20 + 25Sq.Ft) Service Lift Guest Lift Service Stairs Guest Stairs Pantry (Floor) Pantry (Room Service) F & B Banquet Office GM Office Corridor 100 200 200 400 500 1500 150 150 100 10500

Total THIRD FLOOR: Cottage 12500 (25 + 25 Sq.Ft) Service Lift Guest Lift Service Stairs Guest Stairs Pantry (Floor) Pantry (Room Service) Corridor Total

13800

20

150 150 100 100 200 200 2000 15400

BASEMENT AREA IN Sq.Ft Sales and Marketing department Salon and Beauty Parlour 500 400

Gym and Health club SPA (Ayurvedic Health Center) Garden and Pool side area Total 2000

3000

5000 1090

MANPOWER PLANNING The shift timing of the proposed hotel will be Morning shift : 07:00 am to 04:00 pm Afternoon shift : 03:00 pm to 12:00 pm Night shift : 11:00 pm to 08:00 am General shift : 09:00 am to 05:00 pm G.M OFFICE General manager - 1 Secretary -1

Front office Front office manager Lobby manager Receptionist Reservation assistant Cashier Bell boys Car rental supervisor Parking artisans Bell captain operator 3 6 1 2 2 2 1 2

Housekeeping Executive housekeeper Asst . executive H.K Houseman Desk supervisor 1 1 20 2

Floor supervisor

F&B production Executive chef Sous chef CDP Commie 1 4 11 40

F&B service f & b manager rest bar mngr senior cap captain stewards bar man Total 1 2 4 8 14 3 32

Banquets Banquets mngr Asst banquet mngr Captain Stewards Total -1 -1 4 15 21

Laundrey linen & uniform Laundrey mngr Laundrey supervisor Attender Total 1 5 18 24

Engineering & maintenance Chef engineer Asst engineer Electricance 1 1 5

Other tachinican Total

5 12

Accounts Chief accountant Accountant supervisor Accountant clerks Assistants Total 1 3 5 6 15

Sales & marketing Marketing mngr Sales executive Sales assistant Total 1 4 4 6

Store Store keeper Store assistant Total 2 4 6

Security Chief security Security guard Total 1 10 11

Total no of employee 264 37.13 lacks SALARY PER YEAR = GRAND TOTAL * 12 months = 37.13L * 12 = 445.5L 20 % BENEFIT ON SALARIES (per year) = 20/100 * 445.5 = 89L TOTAL SALARY PER YEAR = 445.5 + 89 = 534.5L 10% OF GRAND TOTAL = 53.5L SALARY FOR 3 MONTHS = 53.5 * 3 =160.5L

TIMINGS Executive and managers = 9 AM to 6 PM Staffs and employees Morning shift= 7 AM to 4 PM Afternoon shift= 2 PM to 11 PM Night shift
= 10 PM to 7 AM

Conclusion
The Buddha inn resort is located in the calm and quite busiest town of Gangtok which is in Sikkim .Its natural greenery surroundings and location attracts not only foreigners but also nationals in the country. The resort will be mostly occupied with tourists and honeymoon coupls, so 24hrs room service are provided. The restaurant and coffee shop providing delicious dishes and snacks for the sake of guest interest. The place where it is situated is also easily accessible to guests. The resort can achieve more income because, it is situated in a good locality. Most guest come to enjoy the fresh weather and take rest from the busy life schedule.