The rranscelver is a 120 channel CB radio which uses a phase locked loop [PLL!

system of frequency syothesization to produce the crystai 'controiled channel and IF sionals csed.in hperation of the tr~nsmitterand receiver sections of the unit. The basic PLL system is csmorised of a free-running volta~e controlled oscilla!or ( p ~ ro t i IC2), a phase detector, a reference crystal osc~ilator (Q3) and a proqrammable divider ( I C l ) , as seen in diagram below. P: L Theory (P TOSS66 Circuit Board)

- O S C

LPF
L

2.55
2.11

BUFFER

- --

IGl .

p -

1VU-;

1 -

7-

l -

The voltage controlled osci'llator [VCO] operates in the frequency range of 17.5550 to 18.4450 MHz i n the AMIFMIUSB mode and 17.5535 to 18.4435 MHz in the LSB mode, and i s used to produce two output signals: 21; 37.660 to 39.000 MHz in the AMIFMIUSB mode and 37.657 to 38.997 MHz in the LSB mode, =K?; a t 2.55 to 2.1 1 MHz. Reference frequency oscillator Q4 oscillates a t 10.0525, 10.165, or 10.2775 MHz in accordance with the Band Selector switch (1.5 kHz lower when LSS mode). I t s output i s fed through the band-pass filter [BPFjIdoubler resulting iti an output signal, 20.105, 20.33, or 20.555 MHz in accordance with the band selected (3 kHz lower when LSB mode). This signal beats with the \/CO free-running signal producing a 37.66 to 39.0 MHz i n the AM,FM/ US6 mode and 37.657 to 38.997 hlHz in the LSB mode, which is fed to the receiver first mixer [Q221 and also to IC3 (on main circuit board PTBM059). the transmitter mixer. The second VC0 output signal, a t 2.55 to 2.1 1 MHz is fed to the programmable divider in 1C1. Simultaneously the 10.24 MHz output of Q3 (through the buffer.021 is applied to the programmable divider in IC1 and i s divided down in 10 kHz steps. As a channel i s chosen by the Channel Selector switch [SW-l on PTS-W0761, and N code signal is applied to the terminals [pin No. 9 to 15 of IC1 ] on the programmable divider in [ C l , to preset the divider. The two signals, the crystal oscillated signal [10.24 MHz] from Q3, and the signal from the VC0 via the lowpass filter [LPF] and buffer [in the IC1 1, are compared in the phase detector of IC1 and the phase detector produces a DC output voltage derived

from the phase diiference in the signals fed to it. This DC output is applied through an LPF to the VCO, formin? :he pnxe loco. This DC voiraae applied to the VC0 causes ~t to shift freauency untll its outout s~onal locks up w t h the count.donVvn frequency provided from reierence oscillator Q3 [;vnen two signals are in phase] ~t which point no DC output is prociuced in the phase cietector, and t h VC0 rerna~ns locxed on freouency. When a new channel is seiected a ne*:t N ccode is apolied to the programn?aol"evider. The VC0 is no 'longer lockea becauye of the resulting phase difference in the ph3sr3 rfotxtor. and it saacrl shifts frcquunc-{ to a locked ccndi:ion, in turn producing 37 ?.lHz oiltau: iignals corresoonoing to the new channel programmed i;v the new N cccie. i n summary ~twill be seen that 3 stable VC0 frequency range will be produced, each specific frequency being determined by the N code selected by the Channel Selector switch.
:'/lain aoard Assembly (PTSM0591 The crystal oscillator 0 1 2 is operaring at 10.695 MHz in the AMIFMIUSB mode. and 10.692 MHz in the LSB moae, controlled by the crystal, X3. This signal i s =l ;in the Ahl and FM modes of transmissi~n, fed to the IC3 to be mixea with the first TX local oscillator freauency and result in 27 klHz :ransmlttsr frequencies, and =2; in the SS8 modes of transmision, modulated through ;he balanced moauiator IC4 with the audio output signal from the microphone amplifier, IC5. The resultant output of the balanced modulator i s a double sideband, suppressed czrrier signal. The crystal filter, XF, pass band is restricted to 3.5 kHz so that it allo~vs only one sideband t o pass through its output terminais, ei~her USB or LSE mode, d e ~ ~ n d i n upon g the Mode Seiec~or switch selection. The exact frequency of which was determined by the Channel Selec:or switch selection and the PLL circuitry, as previously ourlined. the resulrant frequency, therefore, that i s fed to :he RF amplifier in IC3, is the channel frequency on the channel selected [channel 1 through 120 over 26.965 to 28.305 MHz]. The 27 MHz RF ampiifier output i s coupled to RF predriver transistors, 0 7 . 8, through TJ, 5. The predrivers serve to isolate the oscillator and mixer stages from the output amplifiers, and a t the same time provide a certain amount of power gain. Q8 output is applied to the base input of Q9, the SF driver stage and in ?urn to the 010, the RF power output stage of the transmitter. These stages amplify the 27 MHz RF signal resulting in an output at L13 of 5 watts in the AM, 6 watts in FM mode, and 18 watrs PEP [peak envelcpe power] in the SSB mode.

TX Diagram
l( 3
-

P L L

27 9
NIXER

09

3 10

T X

C l RCillT

CIRIVEF~~

ORIVEF!

TX CUT

al..
TX

t
XF

l
01 3

IC 4

IF

X'TAL FILT.
IC.695

AL. M o O. l
Q12

L
I

C M MOO
Q 791

Ic 5
AF

MIC

A M P

PWR

-<l+,
SS8 MOO

T 16 d

0 S c
AM M 0 0

f-

~Modula tion Circuit AM: The microphone feeds voice audio through Q701 on PTSW072 to the power audio IC IC5, and finally to collectors of Q9 and final R F power amplifier Q1 0 through ?l 6, thereby amplitude modulating the carrier in AM transmission. F M : In the FM mode, IC5 output i s led to the anode of the FM modulating variable capacitor D5 (also involved for 'Tune' control) in circuit board assembly PTOSOOG, varying its bias to change parallel capacitance to X2, X3, or X4, finally giving deviation to PLL output frequency. SSB: The IC5 output i s directly fed t o the balanced modulator IC4, resulting in suppressed carrier double side band, which is in turn supplied to the crystal filter to carrier removal. ALC: An audio ALC [automatic level control] voltage derived from the audio signal at Q35 is fed to IC5 to control the output of audio amplifier t o prevent overmodulation. I n the AM or Fhrl transmission, the output of Q35 is Icd to Q37 and i s used t o control the output of T16, whereas in the SS0 transmit mode, the output of Q35 is fed to Q38 and is connected to thd primary side of T16. This being due to the fact that the output of IC5 [modulation signal] is fed [to modulate the RF signal] from the secondary side of T16 i n the AM or FM mode, and from the primary side of T16 in the SSB mode of transmission. The transceiver is also equipped with the RF ALC circuit utilizing the R F output induced at the input of L12 [in the SSB mode only]. The minus voltage detected through D8 i s applied to the DC

plus bias c:rcuit [pin number 7 of IC3, TX mixer1 thus reducinq the qain of the TX mixer as iiigii ievei F A mode of transmission. In SF sigoai is observed at L12. This circulr is disabled in the AM or F summary, tne ALC circuit [both auaio and RFI accom~lishes very i m ~ o r t a n tfunction, not on!y preventing overmodulation. but in the view of harmon~c and spuirous suppression (cspeci~ilyIn the SS3 transmit moae I.
Pnrsnna ?~nst:~ission Line The lowpass filter between :he antenna and collector of Q10 serves to pass the 27 PAHz siqnals, attenuating higher frequency signals. I t also acts to match the antenna impedance to the output impedance of the transmitter output stage, this nominally being 50 Ohm. Receiver The RF signal, a t 3 frequency between 26.965 to 28.305 MHz, feeds from the antenna through L l 3 , 12, 11, and T7 to the 27 iLlHz RF amplifier (220. Then'the amplified output signal from Q20 is coupled through T9 to first mixer Q22 whece i t i s beat with an injection signal from the VCO. IC2, througn the VC0 buffer 02. The frequency of the injection signal from IC2 depends on t'he channel being selected, as a signal of the 37 MHz range is programmed by the Channel Selector. The.output of Q22 is therefore, 10.695 MHz in the AM/FM/USB modes, and 10.692 MHz in the LSB mode, the first intermediate frequency and is the resuit of the RF input and mixing of IC2 VC0 signals. In case of the AM or FM receive mode, this 10.695 MHz first IF signal is then fed to the second mixer, balanced D22 and D23. Also fed to the second mixer i s the second local oscillator signal, 10.24 MHz, from Q3. Mixing of these two signals result in a signal at a frequency of 455 kHz in T14. This is the second intermediate frequency for AM or FM mode of reception. In AM mode, the 455 kHz signal passes through the ceramic bandpass filter CF, and fed to.1F amplifiers 027, 28, and 29, which include IF transformer T15. The output of Q29 is applied to 025, the AM diode detector, while in FM receiving mode, the 455 kHz signal amplified only through Q27 i s led to FM demodulating IC, IC3 on the PTOSOO6 through T4. Resultant demodulated audio i s acheived from the IC pin = l 2 and input to AF gain control VR, VR1. In the SSB mode of reception, the signal obtained a sa result of the mixing of the RF input and IC2 VC0 signals, 10.695 MHz in the USB, and 10,692 lLlHz in the LSE mode, is not converted down to lower intermediate frequency, but.is passed ttiroucjh the crystal filter, XF, and fed to the SSB IF amplifiers, 014, 16, and 17, which inciudes T11, and 12. The signal at the secondary side of T12 is fed to 019, the product SSB detector and beat with the BFO [beat frequency oscillator] signal from the Q12 and finally rectified to audio frequency signal. The audio signal output from detectors (for AM [D25], FM [IC2], and SS8 [Qlg]), i s passed through the AF Gain Control, V R l , to the input of the audio amplifier, IC5. The audio output,is transformercoupled to the internal speaker, or to an external speaker through External Speaker jack, J3.

R X Diagram
to. 2 1 nnz

P L L
C IRCUIT
57.66-

10.695

39.U)
MHz XF

nnz

012

-in
0 16/11
SS0
I F

O S C

0 20
ANT R F AMP

0 ! 9
PROO. GET.

t
0 22123'
AM M I X
121

AF
025
A M

POWER

OUT

I F

&M

DET.

Squelch 032, 33, and 34 are the squelch amplifier transistors. At low [or no] signal levels Q34 collector conducts to ground and i t s output connected to pin number 6 of 1C5 results in no signal output from the audio amplifier. As the incoming RF signal increases it results in opening up the AF amplifier and output is activated. The point at which Q34 cuts off i s determined by setting of the Squelch Control, V R2.

Nois2 B l a n k e r C i r c u i t N o i s e s c o n t a i n e d i n t h e o u t p u t from 4-20 p a s s C-112 and f e d t o 4-23, n o i s e a m p l i f i e r . The n o i s e s a r e r e c t i f i e d by D-20 and D-21 t o t u r n on 4-24 (FET) which i n t u r n t u r n s on 4-25 and 4-26. This causes the I F s i g n a l (10.695 and 10.692 MHz) a t T-10 t o s h o r t o u t t o ground through C-21 and 4-26, d u r i n g the presence o f t h e n o i s e impulses, v i r t u a l l y b l a n k i n g o u t t h e n o i s e s from t h e a u d i o o u t p u t . (The p e r i o d d u r i n g which t h e r e c e i v e r i s . s i l e n c e d i s of s u c h s h o r t d u r a t i o n o f 10 microsecond o r l e s s t h a t t h e r e i s v i r t u a l l y no a u d i b l e e f f e c t on the o u t p u t .) 'Tune' C i r c u i t The t u n e c o n t r o l f a c i l i t y a l l o w s betweenc h a n n e l o p e r a t i o n by s h i f t i n g b o t h t h e t r a n s m i t a n d r e c e i v e f r e q u e n c i e s 4.5 kHz above o r below t h e a s s i g n e d c h a n n e l f r e q u e n c y . The a c t i v e e l e m e n t s of t h i s c i r c u i t a r e t h e v a r i a b l e - c a p a c i t a n c e d i o d e s D-4, D-5 and VR-2 ( f r o n t p a n e l ) . The c a p a c i t a n c e of b o t h diodes w i l l vary i n accordance w i t h t h e b i a s l e v e l d e t e r m i n e d by VR-2 a d j u s t m e n t , t h u s i n c r e a s i n g o r decreasing the p a r a l l e l c a p a c i t a n c e t o R-14 a t 4-4 e m i t t e r t h r o u g h C-25, a n d t h e e x t e r n a l c a p a c i t a n c e t o X - l , X-2 o r X-3 (D-5) s i m u l t a n e o u s l y . Clarifier Circuit The c l a r i f i e r con tro.1 o p e r a t e s & n l y i n t h e r e c e i v e mode t o change t h e r e c e i v e f r e q u e n c y r e g a r d l e s s of t h e t r a n s m i t t i n g frequency (though t h e t r a n s m i t t i n g f r e q u e n c y i s a f f e c t e d by t h e Tune c o n t r o l ) . Another VR p o r t i o n o f t h e double V R p a i r VR-2 a c t s t o v a r y t h e p l u s b i a s v o l t a g e of P 3 0 1 on t h e ' C l a r i f i e r u n i t c i r c u i t board' , i c t h e same manner a s o f t h e t u n e c i r c u i t . ' Thus, t h e f r e q u e n c y 4-4 o s c i l l a t e s w i l l b e p u l l e d above (VR-2 r o t a t e d c l o c k w i s e ) , o r down ( r o t a t e d c o u n t e r c l o c k w i s e ) i t s n o r n a l f r e q u e n c y . D-301 i s f i x e d b i a s e d when t h e u n i t i s t r a n s m i t t i n g .

T e s t Equipment The f o l l o w i n g t e s t equipment a r e r e q u i r e d for servicing:

A 50 ohm r e s i s t i v e a n t e n n a l o a d , 20 W. 2 A frequency c o u n t e r o p e r a b l e i n t h e r e q u i r e d frequency range. 3 A HF s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r o p e r a b l e o v e r 50 kHz t o 60 MHz. 4 A n oscilloscope. 5 An M d e v i a t i o n meter. 6 A d i g i t a l voltmeter. 7 An 8 ohm 5 W r e s i s t i v e s p e a k e r l o a d . . 8 Two a u d i o s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r s , 1 0 Hz t o 20 kHz. 9 An RF v o l t m e t e r . 1 0 X c i r c u i t t e s t e r , i n p u t impedance.20 kohm/V. 1 1 A r e g u l a t e d d c power s u p p l y . 12 - Dumy microphone p l u g s , r e c e i v e and t r a n s m i t mode, w i r e d as shown.

1 -

T r a n s m i t t e r Alignment Connect t e s t equipment t o t h e u n i t a s shown:

I---------I

?
I

I
Transmit Mode

I 1

AUOIO SG 5 0 0 ~ ~ (for SSBJ

1 r-

--

PLL Alignment (PTCS006)

1 -

Connect frequency c o u n t e r t o TP-1 ( o r I C - l p i n # 3 ) , through 1 , 0 0 0 pF c a p a c i t o r . 2 A d j u s t CT-1 f o r 10.240 MHz. T o l e r a n c e w i t h i n + 50 Hz i s a c c e p t a b l e . -

0 f f-se t f r e q u e n c y a l i m n e n t (PTOS006 u n l e s s o t h e r r ~ i s eno t e d )

For a d j u s t i n g f r e q u e n c y of X-l, X-2, X-3 the t u n e a n d c l a r i f i e r c i r c u i t s nast be i n off p o s i t i o n

Connect f r e q u e n c y c o u n t e r t o TP-4, s e t t o ' maxinum r a n g e . 2 S e t t h e Slode s e l e c t o r t o USB. 3 S e t t h e Band s e l e c t o r LO. 4 A d j u s t CT-2 f o r 20.105 FHz + 40 Hz. 5 S e t t h e Band s e l e c t o r t o G. 6 A d j u s t CT-3 f o r 20.330 P!Hz + 40 Hz. 7 S e t t h e Band s e l e c t o r t o H I , 8 A d j u s t CT-4 f o r 20.555 M-Fz + 40 Hz. 9 S e t t h e Band s e l e c t o r t o MID, the channel s e l e c t o r t o 60. 1 0 Connect scope t o TP-4. 1 1 A d j u s t T-l f o r maximum s c o p e a m p l i t u d e . 1 2 Connect f r e q u e n c y c o u n t e r t o TP-5 ( ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 0 5 9 ) 1 3 A d j u s t CT-5 (PTBM059) f o r 10.695 MHz + 50 Hz. LSB O f f - s e t a l i g n m e n t

1 -

1 -

S e t t h e Mode s e l e c t o r t o LSB, t h e Band s e l e c t o r t o LO. 2 Connect f r e q u e n c y c o u n t e r t o TP-4 (PTOS 006). 3 A d j u s t CT-5 (PTOS006) f o r 20.1035 >Mz + 40 Hz. 4 - Connect f r e q u e n c y c o u n t e r ,to TP-5 ( ~ ~ ~ 3 5 9 ) . 5 A d j u s t CT-4 f o r 10.692 MHz + 50 Hz. VC0 alignmen t

1 -

S e t t h e Band s e l e c t o r t o LO, a n d t h e Channel s e l e c t o r t o 1. 2 Connect d i g i t a l v o l t m e t e r .to TP-2 (+) 3 ~ d j u s tc o r e o f VCO-unit-case t o 3.6 V + 0 . 1 V. 4 S e t t h e c h a n n e l s e l e c t o r t o 41, and the Band s e l e c t o r t o MID. 5 A d j u s t RV-1 f o r 3 . 7 V + 0 . 1 V. 6 t o 1, and t h e - S e t t h e c h a n n e l select; Band s e l e c t o r t o .HI ( 8 1 c h a n n e l ) 7 A d j u s t VR-2 f o r 3 . 8 V + 0.1V. -

RF power a m p l i f i e r a l i g n m e n t

S e t t h e Band s e l e c t o r t o L0 and t h e c h a n n e l s e l e c t o r t o 1. 2 S e t t h e Node s w i t c h t o USB. 3 - Feed 2,400 Hz 1 0 mV a u d i o t o u n i t ( u s e dummy microphone p l u g p r e w i r e d ) .

1 -

4 -

A d j u s t T-3 (PTOS006) and T-5 f o r maximum s c o p e d i s p l a y . 5 S e t t h e Band s e l e c t o r t o H I , c h a n n e l s e l e c t o r t o 40 ( c h a n n e l A d j u s t T-2 (PTOS006) and T-4 6 maximum s c o p e d i s p l a y .

(PTBM058) and t h e 120). (PTBM058) f o r '

c a r r i e r Leakage Alignment (PTBN059)

1 Set the channel s e l e c t o r t o 60, the band s e l e c t o r t o M I D , 2 Feed 2,400 Hz 1 0 mV a u d i o t o u n i t . 3 A d j u s t T-6, L-11, L-12, and L-13 f o r maximum o u t p u t on RF w a t t m e t e r . 4 Remove t e s t a u d i o . 5 A d j u s t RV-4 and.RV-5 f o r minimum l e a k a g e on S cope.

Two- t o n e a l i g n m e n t

1 -

Feed 500 Hz and 2,400 Hz a u d i o t o n e s t o t h e microphone i n p u t c i r c u i t a t t h e same t i m e . U s e two a u d i o s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r sets with a t tenuators. 2 A d j u s t b o t h t e s t a u d i o l e v e l s by means o f a t t e n u a t o r s on t h e g e n e r a t o r s s o t h a t t h e s c o p e p r e s e n t s wave f i g u r e l i k e shown a s 'A' i n t h e diagrams below.

A. Properly adjusted transmitter.

B.

Unequal tones Adjust generator outputs to balance.

C. Excessive modulation - Adjust R V 1 1 'counterclockwise.

D. Final transistcr incorrectly

biased - Adjust RV 1.

E. Und2rmodulation RV1 1 clockwise. I

- Adjust
l

F. Similar to A but showing hum Check for proper testing condition.

3 -

A d j u s t RV-11 t o o b t a i n 1 8 TJ PEP power o u t p u t .

AY RF Dower a l i m m e n t
1 2 3 -

S e t t h e Xode s e l e c t o ' r t o AM. S e l e c t t h e c h a n n e l 60 ( K I D b a n d ) . A d j u s t RV-8 f o r 5 W RF power o u t p u t .

AM modulation a l i g n m e n t

Apply 2,400 Hz 7 nV a u d i o t o t h e u n i t microphone i n p u t . 2 A d j u s t RV-12 f o r m o d u l a t i o n d e p t h 80 %. 3 - I n c r e a s e a u d i o l e v e l t o 70 mV. 4 Check m o d u l a t i o n d e p t h is now 90 % -

1 -

F M

modulation alignment

1 S e t t h e Mode s w i t c h t o FM. 2 - Apply 2,400 Hz 1 0 mV a u d i o t o m o d u l a t i o n c i r c u i t . Use dummy microphone p l u g . 3 Connect d e v i a t i o n meter t o a n t e n n a o u t p u t on t h e u n i t . 4 A d j u s t RV-3. (PTOS006) t o o b t a i n 1 . 5 kHz deviation.
RF power meter a l i g n m e n t S e t t h e u n i t t o AM. Comparing t h e e x t e r n a l RF power a n d t h e b u i l t i n meter, a d j u s t RV-3 (PTBM059) f o r e q u a l i n d i c a t i o n on t h e power m e t e r s .

1 2 -

T r a n s m i t t e r Alignment Connect t e s t equipment t o u n i t a s shown:

EXT
ANT

SP

JACK

/'
A

JACK

a0 '

+\ i
Durnrn y Plug
DC Power

<

.D
. (

VTVM
A

SUPP~Y

Receive M o d e

AGC

Connect d i g i t a l v o l t m e t e r t o c i r c u i t b o a r d PTB?1059 t e r m i n a l 1 5 (4-20, 4-22 AGC i n p u t ) and c h a s s i s ground. 2 S e t t h e t r a n s c e i v e r t o c h a c n e l 60 (MID b a n d ) . 3 S e t DX/Local s w i t c h t o DX. 4 A - d j u s t RV-8 f o r 2 V.
1 -

AM r e c e i v e r s e n s i t i v i t y

1 -

S e t s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r t o 27.655 MHz w i t h 1 kHz 30 % m o d u l a t i o n . 2 S e t c h a n n e l s e l e c t o r t o c h a n n e l 60 (KID band) 3 S e t mode s e l e c t o r t o AM. 4 A d j u s t T-7, T-8, T-9, T-10, T-13, T-14 a n d T-15 f o r maximum a u d i o o u t p u t from s p e a k e r o u t p u t t e r m i n a l s ( a c r o s s dummy s p e a k e r l o a d ) Note. Keep g e n e r a t o r o u t p u t l e v e l a s low a s p o s s i b l e t o a v o i d AGC a c t i o n . 5 A f t e r c o m p l e t i n g a b o v e , r o t a t e T-7 t o d e c r e a s e t h e a u d i o by 2 dB.

'

Squelch
1 2 -

S e t mode s e l e c t o r t o AM. S e t s i g n a l g e n e r a t o r t o p r o v i d e RF i n p u t s i g n a l o f 300 m i c r o v o l t 1 kHz 30 % modulated, a n d r o t a t e s q u e l c h c o n t r o l to t h e f u l l y c l o c k w i s e p o s i t i o n .