RESONANCE WAVE ON A STRING - 1

TOPIC :WAVE ON A STRING

PART - I
1._ 2f = 6, f = 3, T =
3
1
sec, v = 3 m/sec
3 =
T
!
" ! = 1m
x = vt
3 = 3t " t = 1
total time = t +
4
T 3
= 1 +
4
3

#
$
%
&
'
(
3
1
=
4
5
= 1.25 sec.
2._ Reflected pulse will be inverted as it is reflected by a denser medium. The wall exerts force in downward
direction.
3. f =
#
$
%
&
'
(
!
v
at lowest point f =
!
1

)
mg
f
1
=
1
1
v
!
at highest point f
1
=
1
1
!

)
* g ) m M (
f
1
= f : no any change in source frq.
!
1

)
mg
=
!
1
,
)
* g ) m M (
"
+
+
,
-
.
.
/
0
*
! 1 !
m
m M
1
4. Y = log (x
2
t
2
) log (x t)
y = log
#
#
$
%
&
&
'
(
t x
t x
2 2
y = log (x + t)
It is a equation of wave.
5._ At t = 2 second, the position of both pulses are separately given by fig.(a) and fig. (b); the superposition
of both pulses is given by fig. (c)
PHYSICS SOLUTIONS OF
"ADVANCED LEVEL PROBLEMS"
Target : ISEET (IIT-JEE)
RESONANCE WAVE ON A STRING - 2
6._ In Sonometer
V 3
T
4
2
1
V
V
= 2 =
2
1
T
T
" T
2
=
4
T
1
4 % -----
1
2 1
T
T T 5
100 =
1
1
1
T
4
T
T 5
100 = 75% Ans.
7. tan 3 =
x
y
E
E
=
3
4
tan 3 =
1
1
x
y
E
E
=
#
#
$
%
&
&
'
(
2
E
1
y
But tan 3 = tan 3
1
2
E
1
y
=
3
4
1
y
E =
#
$
%
&
'
(
3
8
units
8._ It is obvious that particle at 0.2 L will have larger amplitude that particle at 0.45 L, 0.5 L being the node
and 0.25 being antinode.
9._ k = m6
2
i.e. same for both
10. Mass per unit length of the string, m =
4 . 0
10
2 5
= 2.5 10
-2
kg / m
4 Velocity of wave in the string, V =
m / T
=
2
10 5 . 2
6 . 1
5
7
V = 8 m /s
For constructive interference between successive pulses :
8t
min
=
V
2!
=
8
) 4 . 0 )( 2 (
= 0.10 s
( After two reflections, the wave pulse is in same phase as it was produced since in one reflection
its phase changes by 9, and if a this moment next identical pulse is produced, then constructive
interference will be obtained. )
11. y = 0.1 sin 29 (0.1 x 2t)
dt
dy
= 0.49 cos 29 (0.1x 2t)
v
max
= (0.49 m/s)
12. y = a sin 6t cos 6t
y = y
1
+ y
2
=
2
a
sin (6t kx) +
2
a
sin (6t + kx)
So amplitude of progressive wave is
: ;
2
a
RESONANCE WAVE ON A STRING - 3
13. In case of sound wave, y can represent presence and displacement, while in case of an electromagntic wave
it represent electric and magnetic fields.
14. y
1
= A sin (29f + t kx)
29f = 6
y
2
= 3A sin (29f + t + kx)
due to superposition (y = y
1
+ y
2
)
! y = (A sin (6t kx) + 3A sin (6t + kx))
y = (4A cos kx sin 6t 2A sin kx cos 6t)
So at the point on the path average displacement is zero
A
1
sin < = 2A sin kx
A
1
cos < = 4A cos kx
A
1
=
kx cos A 16 kx sin A 4
2 2 2 2
*
So A
1
change with x (position)
15*.
A and B point will move in opposite direction displacement level of A and B will be equal
16. Since the edges are clamped,
displacement of the edges u (x, y) = 0 for
y
(0, L)
C
(L,L)
B
O
(0,0)
A
(L,0)
x
Line OA i.e. y = 0, 0
=
x
=
L
AB i.e. x = L, 0
=
y
=
L
BC i.e. y = L, 0
=
x
=
L
OC i.e. x = 0, 0
=
y
=
L
The above conditions are satisfied only in alternatives (B) and (C).
Note that u (x, y) = 0, for all four values e.g. in alternative (D), u (x, y) = 0 for y = 0, y = L but is
not zero for x = 0 or x = L. Similarly in option (A), u (x, y) = 0 at x = L, y = L but it is not zero for
x = 0 or y = 0, while in options (B) and (C), u (x, y) = 0 for x = 0, y = 0, x = L and y = L
17. Maximum speed of any point on the string = a6
= a ( 29f )
= v / 10 (Given )
= 10 /10 ( v = 10 m/s)
= 1
4 29af = 1
4 f =
a 2
1
9
a = 10
-3
m (Given)
4 f =
3
10 2
1
5
7 9
=
9 2
10
3
Hz
Speed of wave v = f!
4 10 =
!
#
#
$
%
&
&
'
(
9 2
10
3
! = 29 10
2
m
RESONANCE WAVE ON A STRING - 4
18*. ! = 1 m > = 10 sin (80 9 t 49x)
For superimposed second wave is
>
2
= 10sin (80 9 t + 49x)
Amplitude of stationary wave = 2A = 2 10 = 20m
K = 49 =
!
9 2
! =
!
9
4
2
=
2
1
= 0.5 m
! = 1m
(! = 2!)
Total (N = 5)
19*. For monochromatic plane wave polarization does not require :
PART - II
1. y (x, t) = 0.8 sin [0.628 (x vt)]
(a) y (x, 0) = y = 0.8 sin [0.628 x]
y (x, 2) = y = 0.8 sin +
,
-
.
/
0
7 7 2 628 . 0 2 . 1
10
x 28 . 6
y = 0.8 sin +
,
-
.
/
0 7
10
4 . 2 28 . 6

10
x 28 . 6
y = 0.8 sin +
,
-
.
/
0
) 4 . 2 x (
10
28 . 6
2. A
2
= A
1
2
+ A
2
2
+ 2A
1
A
2
cos 8 <
8 < 1
2
9
? A
1
= YY
m
, AA
2
= Y
m
Y
2
= Y
2
m
+ Y
2
m
+ 2Y
2
m
cos
2
9
Y
2
= Y
m
2
+ Y
m
2
[Y =
2
Y
m
= 1.41 Y
m
]
3.
F
1
= 420 =
L 2
nv
F
2
= 315 =
L 2
mv
2
1
F
F
=
315
420
=
m
n
(here, n and m are integers)
So n = 4 , m = 3
No any resonant frequency so
420 =
L 2
v 4
L 2
v
=
#
$
%
&
'
(
L 2
420
= 105 H
2
(Lowest resonant frequency.) .)
V = (105) (2L) = 105 2 0.75 = 105
2
3
= 157.5 m/sec.
RESONANCE WAVE ON A STRING - 5
4. Steel Aluminium
T = 104
@
1
= 7.8 gm / cm
3
@
2
= 2.6 gm /cm
3
A
1
= A
2
= 1 mm
2
V
1
=
1 1
A
T
@
=
6
6
3
10 1
10
10 8 . 7
104
7 7
7
" V
1
=
#
#
$
%
&
&
'
(
3
200
m/ sec.
v
2

2 2
A
T
@
=
3
10 6 . 2
104
7
= 2 10
2
m/sec.
for lowest freq.
f
1
= f
2
1
1 1
L 2
V n
=
2
2 2
L 2
V n
"
3 50 3 2
200 n
1
7 7
7
=
1 60 2
200 n
2
7 7
7
" +
,
-
.
/
0
#
$
%
&
'
(
1
2
5
n
n
2
1
So lowest freq. f
2
=
L 2
V n
2
=
6 . 0 2
200 2
7
7
=
3
1000
Hz
5. A = 1 10
6
m, T = 10g = 100N
@
1
= 2.6 10
3
kg/m
2
@
2
= 1.04 10
4
kg /m
3
3 6
1
10 6 . 2 10 1
100
v
7 7 7
1
5
=
sec / m
26
10
3
v
2
=
4 6
10 04 . 1 10 1
100
7 7 7
=
26 2
10
3
f
1
= f
2
26 6 . 0 2
10 n
3
1
7
7
=
26 9 . 0 2 2
10 n
3
2
7 7
7

+
,
-
.
/
0
1
3
1
n
n
2
1
Lowest frequency =
1
1 1
L 2
v n
=
6 . 0 2 26
10 1
3
7 7
7
=
26 12
10
4
= 162 vibration/sec.
2
1
n
n
=
#
$
%
&
'
(
3
1
One side 1 loop and other side 3 loop
So excluding the two nodes at ends total nodes is 3
6. f =
L 2
1

)
T
If length is constant
f
' f
=
2
1
T
' T
#
$
%
&
'
(
f
'
= f + 6 , T
'
= T + 0.44 T = 1.44 T
f
6 f *
=
T
T 44 . 1
f = 30Hz If T is constant
f
f
' '
=
!
!
20 . 1
f''

=
2 . 1
f
=
12
300
f
''
= 25Hz
8f = f
''
f = 25 30 = 5Hz
So fundamental freq. Will decrease by 5Hz
RESONANCE WAVE ON A STRING - 6
7. v = (40 cm/sec)
As velocity of a wave is constant displacement of maxima after t = 5sec.
= 40 5 = 200cm along negative x axis
location of maxima after t = 5 sec
= 10 200 = 190 cm
8_. If temperature decreases,s tension in wire increases and v increases
v
1
=
)
F
F = )v
1
2
8F = YA 3 8T
v
2
=
)
8 * F F
=
)
8 3 * T YA F
v
2
2
= v
1
2
+
)
8 3 T YA
) / m (
T YA
!
8 3
= v
2
2
v
1
2
A
8 3 T Y
= v
2
2
v
1
2
3 =
T Y
) v v (
2
1
2
2
8
A
9._ V
1
=
3
10 4
10
7
= 50 m/sec
V
2
=
3
10 16
10
7
=
16
10
4
=
4
100
= 25 m/sec
10_. F
y
= T sinB = T tan B
x
y
T
~
C
C
y = A sin (6t kx)
= 0.02 sin
#
$
%
&
'
(
7
9
6 x
2 80 . 0
2
t
x
y
C
C
= 0.02
80 . 0
9
cos
#
$
%
&
'
( 9
6 x
80 . 0
t
At x = 0
x
y
C
C
=
80
2
9 cos 6t "
max
x
y
+
,
-
.
/
0
C
C
=
40
9
F
y
= +
,
-
.
/
0
C
C
x
y
T
=
40
109
=
4
9
Ns
11. ! = 90cm = 0.9m
) =
9 . 0
10 44
3
7
=
#
#
$
%
&
&
'
(
7
7
2
3
10 90
10 44
f =
L 2
v 4
=
#
$
%
&
'
(
L
v 2
" 60 =
#
$
%
&
'
(
!
v 2
v =
2
60!
= 30l = 30 0.9 = 27 "
)
T
= 27
T = (27 27 )) = 27 27
2
3
10 90
10 44
7
7
(T = 36 N)
RESONANCE WAVE ON A STRING - 7
12. (n = 2)
f
1
=
L 2
v 2
(i)
n = 6 f
2
=
L 2
v 6
(i)
1
2
f
f
=
L 2
V 2
L 2 / v 6
= 3 f
2
= 3f
1
= 3 100 = (300 Hz)
13. f =
L 2
1

)
F
as F and ) are fixed
2
1
f
f
=
1
2
L
L
" L
2
=
2
1
f
f
L
1
=
135
90
180cm = 120 cm
Thus the string should be pressed at 120 cm from an end
14. ! = 90 cm = 0.9m ) =
90
4
gm/cm =
900
4
Kg/m
f = 125 f =
L 2
1

)
T
125 =
9 . 0 2
1
7

4
900 T7
T = 225 N
15. n
1
=
1
L 2
1

)
T
n
2
=
2
L 2
1

)
T
n
3
=
3
L 2
1

)
T
n
1
: n
2
: n
3
: 1 : 2 : 3
n
2
= 2n
1
n
3
= 3n
1
L
2
=
2
1
n
n
L
1
=
#
$
%
&
'
(
2
L
1
L
1
+ L
2
+ L
3
= 1.21
L
1
+
2
L
1
+
3
L
1
= 1.21 L
1

#
$
%
&
'
( * *
6
2 3 6
= 1.21 L
1

#
$
%
&
'
(
6
11
= 1.21 L
1
=
100 11
121 6
7
7
=
100
11 67
= 0.66m
L
2
=
2
L
1
=
2
66 . 0
= 0.33m L
3
=
3
L
1
=
3
66 . 0
= 0.22m
16._ y
p
= 2 sin (100pt + 30
0
) y = 2 sin +
,
-
.
/
0
* 5 9
0
30 )
50
25
t ( 100
= 2 sin(100pt 50p + 30
0
)
z = 3 sin +
,
-
.
/
0
* #
$
%
&
'
(
5 9
0
60
50
75
t 100
= : ;
0
60 150 t 100 sin 3 * 9 5 9 = 3 sin(100pt + 60
0
)
k

z j

y i

x r
) mm in (
* * 1
esa
"
= k

) 60 t 100 sin( 3 j

) 30 100 sin( 2 i

25000
0 0
* 9 * * 9 *
k

) 60 j

t 100 cos( 100 3 i

) 30 t 100 cos( 100 2

dt
r d
v
0 0
* 9 9 7 * * 9 9 7 1 1
"
"
m/s) in ( v
"
= k

) 60 j

t 100 cos( 3 . 0 i

) 30 t 100 cos( 2 . 0
0 0
* 9 9 * * 9 9
Phase difference at time t = 30
0
constant always after they meet at P.