&efukefNrdKU? A[ef;NrdKUe,f? eE´0efvrf;?

r[m0dok'¨g½Hk ygVdwuúodkvf
wdyd#u"& "r®b@m*g&du t*¾r[my@dw
o-p-t ygVdyg&*l t*¾r[mtausmf
t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,mq&mawmf)
\
vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;

wdyd#u"& "r®vufaqmif (16)

yxrtBudrf "r®'ge
omoem 2546? aumaZm 1364 ckESpf? 0gacgifv
c&pf 2002ckESpf? Mo*kwfv
(&efukefNrdKU bkef;BuD;vrf;? 91-e0*Fokcaq;wdkuf
a':pef;pef;ar aumif;rI? tkyfa& 10000)
omoema&;qdik &f m pmrlyEkH ydS cf iG t
hf rSw-f 333^2002 (6)

rsufESmzHk;cGifhjyKcsuftrSwf - 384 ^ 2002 (7)

yxrtBurd f

tkyfa& (10000)

2002 - ckESpf

tzH;k +twGi;f om; ]]jrpfomrdom;pk}}

"r®'ge

OD;atmifjr (0910-NrJ) ]]jrpfomyHkESdyfwdkuf}}

trSwf (140)? 37-vrf;? &efukefNrdKUu yHkESdyfí

a':rd;k aucdik f csKd aw;oHpmaywdu

k ?f a&eHo
Y maus;&Gm

ykvJNrdKU (3)vrf;? r*Fvm'HkNrdKUe,f? &efukefNrdKUrS

xkwaf 0onf/
 wdyd#u"& a,mq&mawmf t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho
\
vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;
wdyd#u"& "r®vufaqmif (16)

Ä
earm r[m&dó
£w¬dbma0g uð,ud&m? pdwårSdokorm[daw/
ÓPrSd 0wårmerSd? or®H 0dyóawm/
(oH - 1 - 130)
Ä odu©m (3)yg;? jrwfw&m;? a,musfm;rdef;r rcGJyg/
Ä pdwf"mwfudkjr§ihf? BudK;pm;cGihf? vrf;zGihfxm;wJh
omoem/
Ä Bud K ;pm;vk d u f v Qif ? pG r f ; tm;xif ? rsuf j rif
ukd,fawGUyg/
Ä a,musf m ;jzpf ½ H k ? tm;rpH k j im;? rBud K ;pm;u?
pGrf;tm;us? bmrSr&yg/
Ä rdef;raomfvnf;? tm;ukefcJí? pdwfZGJxufoef?
BudK;pm;jyef? {uefxl;jcm;vm/
2 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

Ä vl\pGrf;tm;? jrwfw&m;? pdwfxm;aumif;zkdY?

vkd&if;yg/

tkdyGJ vufaqmif
a':pef;pef;ar (e0*Fock aq;wku d f 91? bke;f Bu;D
vrf;? &efukefNrdKU) u olY&JU touf (50) jynhf a&T&wk
arG;aeY txdrf;trSwfw&m; 1-yk'f vkdcsifw,f-vkdY
avQmuf x m;awmif ; qk d vmygw,f / 'gaMumih f
]]vl \ pG r f ; tm;jrwf w &m;}} qk d w J h w&m;-1yk ' f u k d
arG;aeYvufaqmif ay;vkdufygw,f/
arG;aeYqkdwm t&ifESpfawGuxuf ,ckydkNyD;
tdkrif;&ihfa&mfvmwm jzpfvkdY tkdyGJygyJ? emwJhyGJ-aowJh
yGaJ wG &JomG ;atmif? enf;oGm;atmif? pJomG ;atmifvYdk
tdkwJhyGJukd rSwfrSwf&& vkyfay;Mu&wmyg/
tkdwJhaeYrSm tkdyGJvufaqmif aumif;rIw&m; &zkdY
vkdovkd emwJhaeYrSm emyGJvufaqmif aumif;aumif;
&zdkY? aowJhaeYa&mufawmhvnf; aoyGJvufaqmif
vSvyS y&zkYd w&m;bm0em tvkyu f kd oJoJ rJrJ pGpJ NJG rNJ rJ
yGm;rsm;tm;xkwf xm;&rSm jzpfygw,f/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 3

cE¨m[m olu udk,hfukd rn§mrwm ESdyfpuf ae

wmjzpfvkdY ukd,fuvnf; olYukdrn§mrwm cdkif;ay;rS
cE¨mu b0 vufaqmifjyefay;rSmyg/
wnfNidrfat;csrf; vlYtpGrf;
jrwfpGmbk&m; vufxufawmfu aomrm qkdwJh
bdu©KeD (&[ef;r) 1-yg;&Sdygw,f/ vrif;vdkyJ vSy
wifw h ,f at;csr;f vkYd jrefrmvkd ]]rvSat;}} vdYk ac:qdk
&rSmyg/ w&m;eJY rae&ol[m yifu, kd ½f yk v
f w
S mawmif
rS ajcmufuyfuyf ylavmifavmifBuD;yg/ w&m;eJY
ae&jyefawmh t½kyfqkd;wmawmifrS xnf0gat;csrf;
ygw,f / aomrmuawmh yif u k d , f ½ k y f v S ½ H k r Qru
w&m;aMumihfvnf; tvGefNidrf;csrf;ygw,f/
wpfaeYawmh aomrm[m aeYvnfcsdef awmxJ
oG m ;NyD ; qd w f N id r f & m opf y if a tmuf r S m w&m;eJ Y
arGUavsmfum oDwif;oHk; aeygw,f/
tJ'DtcsdefrSm rm&fewf[m (rm&fewftzGJU0if
ewfvnf; jzpfEidk yf gw,f) ½kyt f qif;ukd azsmufxm;Ny;D
(½kyftqif; uG,faysmufNyD;) toHeJY ajymygw,f/
]]jrifhjrwfwJh w&m;tvkyf[m jrifhjrwfwJh a,musfm;
4 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

awG&JU tvkyfomjzpfw,f/ todÓPf vuf 2

opf avmufom&SdwJh rdef;rawG&JU tvkyfr[kwf
bl;/ w&m;eJYrdef;r rwefbl;/ w&m;[m rdef;reJY
bmrSrqdkifbl;}} vdkY rdef;rawGukd csdK;csKd;zJhzJh uJh&JU½Iwfcs
ajymqkdw,f/ ajymoHomMum;&w,f? ajymolukdawmh
rjrif&ygbl;/
ajymol u k d rjrif & ayr,h f toH u k d M um;wmeJ Y
]]rm&f e wf } } qk d w m aomrmu od v k d u f y gw,f /
'gaMumihf ]]oifb,folvJ}} vkdY ar;raeawmhbJ
wk d u f ½ k d u f y J ajymvd k u f y gw,f / ]]'um rm&f e wf
pdwf"mwfNidrfouf Nidrf;csrf;NyD; todÓPfjzpfvmvdkY
trSew f &m;ukd odjrif&r,fq&dk if rde;f rqkw d hJ a0g[m&
pum;[m bmvkyfrSmwJhvJ}} 'Dvkdajymvdkufawmh
rm&fewfuG,faysmufoGm;ygw,f/
vlYb0&JU wefzkd;qdkwm oDv orm"d ynmqkdwJh
ukd,fusihfw&m; odu©m 3-yg; yg/ pdwf"mwfNidrfouf
at;csr;f wJh orm"dudk ajymvdu k &f if t&if;cHov D vnf;
yg0if o Gm;ygw,f/ pd wf Nid rf &if uk d ,f EI wf aomif ;
use;f rIudk xde;f csKyEf idk v
f Ykd oDvvHNk cKH jynhpf o
kH mG ;Ekid f vkyYd g/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 5

odu©m 3-yg; udk,fusihfw&m;jynhfpHk&if rdef;rqkdwJh

a0g[m&pum;[m vkd&if;r[kwfbl;vkdY qkdvdkygw,f/
pdwfxm;aumif;zkdYvkd&if;yg
odu©m 3yg; w&m;tvkyfudpörSm a,musfm;
rde;f rcGjJ cm; rxm;ygbl;/ a,musmf ; rde;f rqkw d hJ ynwf
pum;[m vkd&if;r[kwfyJ odu©m 3yg; ukd,fusifh
w&m;eJY xdkufwefavmufatmif pdwfaumif;xm;
zkdYom vkd&if;y"meyg/ a,musfm;yJjzpfjzpf rdef;r
yJjzpfjzpf b,forl qkd pdwaf umif;xm;&if odum© 3yg;
jznhu f sicfh iG u
fh kd omoemu tNrv J rf;zGifh xm;ygw,f/
wu,f B ud K ;pm; tm;xk w f v d k Y wu,f p G r f ; tm;
xif&Sm;olawG rsufjrifukd,fawGY wu,f&SdaeMu
wmyJ/
,cktcg bdu©KeDomoem tqufjywfoGm;awmh
vkdY rdef;rrsm; bdu©KeD (&[ef;r) jyKvkyfcGihf r&Ekdifawmh
ayr,hf omoemEG,f0if oDv&Sif0wfNyD;awmhvnf;
ukd,hfb0eJY xkdufwefwJh odu©m3-yg;udk jznhfusihfEdkif
ygw,f/ vl0wfaMumifb0eJv Y nf; uk, d ef w
YJ efwhJ odum©
3yg;udk jznhu f siEfh ikd w
f mygyJ/ wcsKUd ae&mawGrmS w&m;
6 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

tvkyftm;xkwfaeMuwmawG[m rdef;ry&dowfu
a,musfm;y&dowfxuf ydkNyD; rsm;jym;aeMuwmudk
awGUjrifae&ygw,f/
um,Avjynhf0wJh a,musfm;jzpfayr,hf o'¨g
0D&,
d pwJh pdwpf rG ;f tm;rpHv k Ydk rBuKd ;pm;jzpf&if pGr;f tm;
usqif;Ny;D bmrSr&bJ wpfb0vH;k AvmjzpfomG ;wwf
ygw,f/ rde;f rom;jzpfayr,hf pdw"f mwfujkd ri§ Nfh y;D ZGo J ef
oefBudK;pm;&if {uefxl;jcm;vm&NrJyg/ tvkyfeJY
xdkufwefwJh cHpm;cGihf qkvmbfukd tHhMozG,f &&Sdvm&
pNrJyg/
a,musfm;jzpfayr,hf pdwfxm;nHhae&if jrihfjrwf
w,fvkdY rqkdEkdifovkd rdef;rjzpfaeayr,hf pdwfxm;
aumif;&if ,kwfnHhw,fvdkY rqkdEkdifygbl;/ b,folyJ
jzpfjzpf pdwfxm;aumif;rSyJ w&m;eJYxkdufwefrSmyg/
w&m;eJYxkdufwefvdkY w&m;udk wu,fusihfoHk;rSyJ
jrifjh rwfw,fvYkd qkEd idk rf mS jzpfw,f/ vlb Y 0&JU tESpcf sKyf
[m w&m;yg/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 7

yl ESifh vl
Ä pGrf;tm;ryg? toduGm? epfem ]]yl}} [krSwf/
Ä r&Sdvnf;yl? &Sdvnf;yl? tylwkd;ítaeusyf/
Ä pGrf;tm;jynhfum? todyg? jrwfwm ]]vl}} [krSwf/
Ä r&Sv
d nf;at;? &Sv
d nf;at;? tat;pHík taejrwf/
Ä tnGefYudkxl? wvlvl? tylNidrf;í 'ku©vGwf/
Ä pdwfaumif;xm;u? vlYb0? rkcs&usKd;eyf/

yif v ,f x J u a&awG [ m tvG e f r sm;jym;Mu

ayr,hf olcsn;f oufouf r[kwb f ;l / a&&So
d avmuf
qm;&S d w ,f / a&eJ Y x yf w l qm;yg0if a eygw,f /
'gaMumihf iefvGef;vdkY aomufoHk;rjzpfygbl;/
'grsK;d vkyd J vlrmS &Sad ewJh oufrhJ ouf&tdS m;vH;k [m
olwdkYcsnf; oufouf&SdaeMuwmr[kwfbl;/ olwkdY
&Sdoavmuf tyl&Sdaew,f/ t&SdeJYxyfwl tylyg0if
aeygw,f/'gaMumihf bmyJ&Sd&Sd &Sd½HkeJYawmh rNidrf;csrf;yg
bl;/ todu rSDatmifvdkufay;rSyJ Nidrf;csrf;aysmf&Tif
EkdifMurSmyg/
a&aygwJhyifv,fxJ oabFmeJYc&D;oGm;MuwJhtcg
8 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

aomufoHk;zkdY a&csKda&aumif; ,laqmifoGm;&ovdk

avmuxJrSm ypönf;&Sm&if; pm;0wfaea&; pD;yGm;a&;
vlraI &;awG vkyMf uawmhvnf; Nird ;f csr;f pGm aomufo;kH zdYk
w&m;a&udk ,laqmifMu&ygw,f/
vlYtyltm;vHk;ukd pkyfxkwfypfEkdifwmu w&m;
1-rsKd;xJ&SdwmjzpfvkdY 'ku©xkyfjzpfwJh ypönf;OpömawGukd
csrf;omtjzpf ppfxkwfay;zkdY w&m;qkdwm&Sdatmif
vkyf&ygw,f/
yifv,fa&ukd pepfwuscyf,lNyD; qm;csuf&if
tzk;d wef vlo;kH qm;&&SEd idk o
f vkd vlyY pön;f awGuv
kd nf;
tzkd;wefw&m;awG jzpfoGm;atmif csufay;zdkY vkdrSm
ygyJ/
w&m;ryg&if tyleJYcsnf; ae&rSmjzpfvdkY ]]vl}}
rjzpfawmhbJ ]]yl}} yJjzpfaeawmhrSmyg/ w&m;eJY tñGefY
wvlvl vTifhxlEkdifrS ]]vl}} jzpfcGihf&rSmjzpfw,f/

]]vl}} a&;wJh iat;

ynmoifMum;umpjzpfwJh ausmif;om;uav;
iat;udk olYq&mu ausmufoifykef;xJrSm ]]vl}} vdkY
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 9

yDyoD ota&;cdik ;f w,f/ iat;u vukd tv,fwnhf

wnfu h ruGi;f yJ b,fzuf (vuf0zJ uf) tay:em;rSm
ao;ao;uav; uGif;NyD;awmh atmufukd0kdufcs
NyD;awmh 2-acsmif; iifvdkufygw,f/ (v 2-acsmif;iif
vlrjzpfawmhbJ ¡a&rIwf 2-acsmif;iif ¡ljzpfoGm;
ygw,f)
olYq&mudkjyawmh q&mu ]][Jhiat; tJ'gvl
r[kwb f ;l uG? ¡a&rIwf 2-acsmif;iif ¡lu?G ¡lq&dk if vleYJ
tvGefa0;oGm;NyD/ Munhfprf; tuGif;uav;u ao;
ao;av;/ tJ'g ¡a&rIwu f G v r[kwb f ;l / jyefjyifa&;
ygOD;}} vkdY cdkif;vdkufw,f/
iat;u b,fzuf tuGif;uav;ukd jzKwf?
atmufukd0kdufcsNyD; 2-acsmif;iifvkdufw,f/ iat;
tjyifrSm;oGm;w,f/ tuGif;ao;ao;ukd BuD;atmif
vkyf&rSmukd rvkyfbJ jzKwfypfvkdufawmh y-apmuf
2-acsmif;iifyl jzpfoGm;ygawmhw,f/
q&mudkjyawmh q&mu ]][Jhiat; ckrSykdqkd;a&mh
[? apmapmua&;wJh ¡l-wkef;uvleJY enf;enf;eD;
atmif vkyfvkdY&Ekdifao;w,f/ ckawmh yl-jzpfoGm;NyD/
10 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

ylqkdwm vl&JU qefYusifzufuG/ 'DrSiat; vukd

a[m'Dvdk tvnfwnhfwnhfu uGif;NyD; a[m'Dvkd 2-
acsmif;iifrS vljzpfrmS ayghu}G } vkYd vljzpfatmif a&;enf;
ukd oifjyay;ygw,f/
tJ'grsKd;vdkyJ w&m;vHk;pHk tukefodjrifawmfrlwJh
jrwfpmG bk&m;uvnf; ]]rEkówå 'kvb ’ }} vkYd *kPw
f if
cH&wJh vlYb0rSm vltppfjzpfatmif aeenf;? vlYb0
tESpfxkwfenf;? vlvkdcsrf;omatmifaeenf;? vlYb0
tvSqifenf;? vlpGrf;aumif;vkyfenf;awGudk w&m;
vrf;aMumif;cif;ay;awmf rlcJhygw,f/

&yfraewJh t&G,f

Ä r&yfrem;? ,kwfavsmhjim;? ukefoGm;vlYt&G,f/

Ä pGrf;&nfjrihfrm;? xl;jcm;av;euf? BuD;yGm;
uwfaomf? ESpfoufzG,f&m? 0rf;ajrmufwm?
ac:yg vlYt&G,f/
Ä NiD;aiGUp&m? tkdaomtcg? ac:wmvlYt&G,f/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 11

vl w pf a ,muf & J U arG ; aeY t ppf q d k w m ]]tl 0 J

tl0}J } eJY ua,mufuwrf; atmf[pfiakd <u;&if; trd0rf;
u uRwfxGuf zGm;jrifcJh&wJh wpfaeYwnf;yg/ arG;aeY
tppfvyk cf si&f if tJ'zD mG ;jrifwahJ eYrmS yJ vkyaf y;&rSmyg/
'gayr,hf tJ'DarG;aeYrSm ta&twGufrQom&Sdao;NyD;
t&nftaoG;tm;jzihf b,fvkd vlwef;pm;qkdwm
o½kyfruGJao;vdkY arG;aeYvkyfay;&ifvnf; tm;wuf
oa&m &SdvSr,fr[kwfygbl;/
vlYwpfb0&JU Zmwdqkdwm 'ku©t0,f'kdifzGifhvSpf
vku
d w f mygyJ/ Zmwd&v dS Ydk 'kur© sK;d pkpH Nk yKH aeMuwmyg/ Zmwd
t0,f'kdifrSm vma&mif;orQ 'ku©tm;vHk; tukef0,f
,lygw,f/
Zmwd&,fvdkY&vmNyD; zGm;jrifvmawmh t&G,fqdk
qm&yfaewm r[kwfygbl;/ BudK;csnfxm;vdkYvnf;
r&ygbl;/ acwfrD pufud&d,mawGeJY xdef;csKyfNyD;
&yfxm;vdv Yk nf; r&ygbl;/ t&G,q f w dk m r&yfrem;oGm;
aeygw,f/ Z&moabmaMumihf &ifhusufaew,f/
tedpöoabmaMumihfvnf; tqufrjywf ajymif;vJ
aeygw,f/
12 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

t&G,f[m 'DbufuMunhf&if BuD;vmayr,hf

[kdbufuMunhf&if i,foGm;ygw,f/ touft&G,f
Bu;D vmav aemufxyfae&r,fh tcsed ef nf;vmavyg/
1-rdepfukefoGm;wkdif; aemufxyfwpfb0rSm ae&r,hf
tcsdef 1-rdepf avsmhavsmhoGm;ygw,f/ 1-ESpfBuD;
vmawmh aemufxyfae&r,hftcsdef 1-ESpfukefqHk;
,kwfavsmhoGm;ygw,f/
t&G,if ,fi,fuav;uae Bu;D vmawmh pGr;f &nf
jrifrh m;xl;jcm;vmawmh t&G,u f rdbpwJh yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;&JU
ESpof uf0rf;ajrmufru I kd ac:wwfw,f/ rdbpolwu Ykd
vnf; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om BudKqkdMuw,f/ ]]om;av;
orD;av;u BuD;vmNyDuGJU? pum;ajymwwfvmNyDuGJU?
ausmif;xm;&awmhrmS uGUJ ? om;av;&Sijf yK&awmhrmS uGUJ ?
om;wdkYorD;wkdY ynmwwfvmMuNyDuGJY? taztarwkdY
uawmif om;wkdY orD;wkdYukd tm;udk;&awmhrSmuGJY}} vkdY
0rf;omtm;& t&G,u f dk BuKd qMdk uw,f/ touft&G,f
Bu;D vm&ifawmifrS tusio fh ud m© aumif;&if trsm;u
0rf;ajrmuf 0rf;om BuKd qadk eMuwke;f yg/ cspcf ifjrwfE;dk
tm;ukd; av;pm;aeMuwkef;yg/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 13

t&G , f u aqG ; ajrh , d k , G i f ; tk d r if ; vmawmh

trsm;&JU NiD;aiGUrIukd ac:aewwfw,f/ em&ifvnf;
ac:wwfwmygyJ/ ]]tzGm; i,fi,fueJv Y nf; rwlawmh
ygvm;/ [ked &H rH mS csw d qf xJG m;wJh tzGm;i,fi,fwek ;f u
½ku
d uf ;l xm;cJw h hJ "mwfyu kH odyMf unhaf umif;wmyJ/ ckqdk
bmrSMunhrf aumif;awmhb;l / qHyifawGuvnf; jzLvk?Yd
em;uvnf; xkdif;? rsufpduvnf; rGJ? ta&awGu
wGev Yf yd u
f ek Nf y/D rSnrfh nf;awGu [kd 1-uGuf 'D 1-uGuef YJ
oGm;usKd;awmh yg;uvnf; cGufcGufBuD;? cg;uvnf;
ukef;? olrsm;uwGJxlay;rS xdkifEkdifxEkdif oGm;Ekdifawmh
w,f/ tzGm;udkMunhf&wm bmrSroufomawmhbl;}}
vdkY trsm;uvnf; NiD;aiGYpGmeJY BudKqdkMuw,f/ ysKdrspfEk
e,f ½Icsizf , G af umif;wJh t&G,u f kd Z&mu rn§mrwm
avmifjrKd§ uf ½ku d cf sKd ; zsupf ;D ypfwm ygyJvm;vkYd oHa0*
ÓPf jzpfp&mawG ay:vmwwfw,f/ ukefqHk;,kwf
avsmhoGm;wJhae&mrSm w&m;uvGJvkdY bmrS tpm;xdk;
p&mr&Sdygbl;/
14 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

armifyef;pdef arG;aeY
rMumao;rDu armifyef;pdef&JU rdbawGu om;
armifyef;pde&f UJ arG;aeYtvSLvkyaf wmh w&m;a[mr,fh
bk e f ; BuD ; xH v mNyD ; Bud K wif a vQmuf x m;Muw,f /
]]t&Sib f &k m; om;armifyef;pde&f UJ arG;aeYrmS trSww f &
w&m;&Snf&Snfa[may;yg bk&m;/ 'grS vdr®m,Ofaus;
r,f/ wpfb0vHk; aewwf xkdifwwfr,f/ vlBuD;rSef;
odr,f/ b0wefzkd; em;vnfoGm;r,f bk&mh}} vkdY
w&m;&Snf&Snf a[may;zkdY awmif;yefMuw,f/
tJ'gukd armifyef;pdef Mum;oGm;awmh w&m;&Snf
rSmukd aMumufvSwJh armifyef;pdefu bkef;BuD;xH csOf;
uyfNy;D vmbfaiG (10000) xk;d vku d w
f ,f/ ]]bke;f bke;f
bk&m; taztarwkdYajymovdk w&m;&Snf&Snfra[m
ygeJYbk&m;? wynhfawmf oli,fcsif;awGvm&if {nfhcH
&OD;rSmbk&m;/ w&m;&Sn&f n S af [m&ifvnf; remEkid yf gbl;
w&m;[m wkw d ydk aJ umif;ygw,f/ a[m'DaiG (10000)
vnf; bkef;bkef;,lyg/ w&m;vnf; twkdqHk;a[myg}}
vdY k vmbfx;d k Ny;D w&m;tavsmch id k ;f ygw,f/ bke;f Bu;D uvnf;
]]uJ armifyef;pdef vmbfawmhrxkd;ygeJY jyef,loGm;yg/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 15

rif;pdwfwkdif;usjzpfap&ygr,f}} vdkY ajymNyD; olYvmbf

aiGudk twif;jyefay;vdu k &f w,f/ taumif;&JU wefz;kd
udk olurod&Smawmh taumif;ukd tzkd;tcay;NyD;
awmifrS tavsmhcdkif; ae&Smw,f/
w&m;a[mwJ h bk e f ; BuD ; uawmh umva'o
yk*¾vukd csihfcsdefNyD; ESpfzufvHk; tqifajyatmif
rwkdr&Snf vdk&if; xdrd½Hkuav;yJ a[may;vdkuf
ygw,f/ wkdwm &Snfwmvkd&if;r[kwfyJ ypfvkduf&if
rSefoGm;zkdYyJ r[kwfvm;/ rSefoGm;awmhvnf; ESpfzufp
vHk; NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;NyHK;eJYyg/
tod r pif M u,f a o;wJ h yk x k Z Of vl q k d w m
taMumif;tusK;d ESpcf , k OS Nf yKd iv
f m&if taMumif;w&m;
ukd aps;qpfrdwwfw,f/ tavQmhcdkif;wwfw,f/
tcsdefqGJ aemufcsefaewwfw,f/ av;vHwJh 0efxkyf
0efydk;BuD;vdkY xifaerdwwfw,f/ taumif;&JU wefzkd;
Bu;D rm;yHu k dk em;rvnfawmh armifyef;pdev f ydk J wu,f
tm;ukd;&r,hf taumif;w&m;ukd tzkd;tcay;NyD;
tavQmhcdkif;rdwwfw,f/ aumif;usKd;w&m;usawmh
rsm;rsm;vnf; vkdcsifw,f? jrefjrefvnf; vkdcsifw,f?
16 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

rsm;av BudKufavjrefav oabmusavyJ? t&Sd

twdkif;ay;wmudkawmifrS enf;w,fxifNyD; twkd;
tjr§ihfckdif;csifvmwwfw,f/
taMumif;eJYtusKd; uGif;csif;qufrdatmif EIdif;
,SOfwkdif;wmEkdifwJh todÓPf txl;vkdtyfygw,f/
w&m;rsm;rsm; em,lay;rS w&m;pmrsm;rsm; zwf½I
avh v may;rS tod Ó Pf p if M u,f wwf y gw,f /
vlcY E¨mrSm todÓPfxnfo h iG ;f ay;p&mu em;eJY rsupf d
ESpfaygufyJ &Sdwmyg/
taMumif;eJYtusKd;ukd tzkd;tcykdufqHeJY ypönf;vdk
yJ em;vnfoabmaygufoihfygw,f/ ypönf;rsKd;pHk
a&mif;cswhJ ukepf qkH idk x
f o
J mG ;Ny;D aps;0,fwt
hJ cg uk,d fh
vufxJ&SdwJh (500) wef puúLav; wpf&GufukdifNyD;
aomif;wef? odef;wefypönf;awGukd aps;qpf0,f
ae&if t½l;yJtajymcH&r,f/ qkdif&SifBudrf;armif;wm
vnf; cH&r,f/ aiG 10odef; avmufygoGm;&if 'Daps;
xJ&SdwJh ypönf;BudKufwm a&G;0,f½HkyJ r[kwfvm;/
aumif;usKd;rsm;rsm;vkdcsif&if aumif;wmrsm;rsm;
vkyfay;&r,f/ jrefjrefvdkcsif&if vQifjrefzswfvwf Ekd;
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 17

Mum;pGmeJY vufO;D atmif cyfow k o

f wk v f yk af y; &rSmyg/
aumif;rI[m aumif;rIrSef;odwkef;av; BudK;pm;ay;rS
wGifrSmjzpfw,f/
]]ukov}} qkdwJh ygVdpum;udk ]]ukodkvf}} vdkY
ygVdysuaf c:aeMuwmyg/ w&m;eJx Y ukd wf efatmif pdwf
aumif;rSom &Ekid w f mjzpfvYkd ]]aumif;rI}} vkv Yd nf; ac:
ygw,f/ wkduf½kdufem;vnfatmif ajym&&ifawmh vlY
pGrf;tm; vlYwefzkd;? vlYt&Sdeft0gvkdY ac:ygw,f/
ykxkZOf&JU pdwf[m avmb? a'go? arm[
atmufrSm trsm;qHk; jym;jym;0yfae&wmjzpfvdkY ukd,f
ykdifpGrf;tm; wefcdk;t&Sdeft0g tvGefenf;yg; aewwf
ygw,f/ ukd,hfpdwfukd ae&mwus roHk;jzpfyJ tvGJoHk;
pm;vkyfrdvdkY aygufuGJoGm;NyD; r½IrvSqif;&JoGm; wwf
ygw,f/ owdÓPftxdef;aumif;rSyJ pGrf;tm;ukd
ykdifqdkifcGifh&rSmyg/
ta&twGuf tm;jznhfpGuf
Ä avmuwGif;rSm? t&m&m? &yfwmbmrS r&SdMu/
Ä pdwfrygvnf;? r&yfbJ? tNrJa&wGuf&/
Ä pGrf;tm;ryg? a&p&m? vGefpGmaMumufvefY&/
18 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

Ä pGrf;tm;jynhfum? a&p&m? aumif;pGmtm;&SdvS/

Ä pdwfukdoefYum? aumif;pGmvHkap? tm;wuf
apí? ta&twGuf? tm;jznfhpGuf? [muGuf
jynh f E k d i f M u/

avmurSm bmwpfckrS&yfraeMuawmh ta&

twGuq f wdk m tNr&J adS erSmyJ/ pdwyf gyg rygyg aeYwidk ;f
tNraJ &wGuf ae&rSmyg/ aevawGuvnf;r&yf? tcsed f
em&D a wG u vnf ; r&yf ? cE¨ m uvnf ; r&yf ? jyKjyif
auR;arG;aewmuvnf;r&yf? r&yfyJ vIyf&Sm;ae&o
avmuf ta&twGufuvnf; wkd;aerSmyg/
vl Y b 0wpf o uf w m[m *Pef ; aygif ; puf e J Y
wGuf&avmufatmif rrsm;ayr,hf vl&JUtrsKd;pHkvSwJh
ta&twGufawGuawmh *Pef;aygif;pufeJY vdkuf
wGufvdkYrrSDEkdifavmufatmif rsm;jym;vSygw,f/
tJ ' D r sm;jym;vS w J h vl Y t a&twG u f a wG u d k w&m;
pGrf;tm;yHkpHeJY tuefYvdkuf okdrSD;odrf;qnf;ay;EkdifzkdY
owdÓPfqkdwJh tcsdefxdef;? tm½Hkxdef;? pdwfxdef;
ud&d,mvkdtyfygw,f/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 19

vlYta&twGuf[m t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&

twGuf? t&nftaoG;ygwJh ta&twGufvdkY (2)rsKd;&Sd
ygw,f/ o'¨gowdtodrygolawG&UJ BuKd ;pm;vIy&f mS ;rI
tm;vHk; t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&twGufcsnf;yJ?
t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&twGufu ukd,hfukdjyefNcdrf;
ajcmufwmjzpfvdkY &Sdoavmuf? wkd;vmoavmuf?
aMumuf&w,f? pdwfoefY pdwfvHkukd roHk;Ekdif&if
t&nftaoG;rygwJh ta&twGufawGcsnf; jzpfae
w,f/ olYtwGuf wm0efausatmif ta&twGuf
jznhfay;Ekdifayr,hf ukd,hfzufuawmh wm0efrausyJ
tcGHcsnf; a&ae&rSmyg/
o'¨geJo Y efY owdeo YJ rkd ;DS odr;f qnf;xm;wJh pdwo f efY
pd w f v H k u d k 0D & d , eJ Y w G J N yD ; oH k ; Ek d i f & if a wmh t&nf
taoG;ygwJh ta&twGufcsnf; jzpfaer,f/ b0
tESpfawGcsnf; wkd;aerSm jzpfw,f/ ukodkvfvkyfw,f
qkdwm tcGHcsnf;a&wGufaer,hftpm; ta&twGuf
awGxrJ mS t&nftaoG;xnfo h iG ;f ay;&wJh tvkyyf g/
ukefqHk;,kwfavsmhoGm;wJh ta&twGufxJrSm [m
uGufjynhfatmif tm;jznhfpGufay;jcif;vnf; jzpfyg
20 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

w,f/ ukeo f mG ;wJah e&mrSm tm;jznfph u G af y;Ekid w

f mu
w&m;uvGv J Ykd bmrSr&Syd gbl;/ a,musmf ;yJjzpfjzpf rde;f r
yJ jzpfjzpf pdwfoefYpdwfvHkukd oHk;EkdifrSyJ [muGufjynhf
rSmyg/ w&m;pkaqmif;a&; tykdif;rSm pdwfcGeftm;om
y"meyg/ t&nftaoG;ygwJh ta&twGufuawmh
&Sdoavmuf udk,hfukd tmrcH wm0ef,loGm;MupNrJyg/

zk d ; pH E S i f h z G m ;pH
zkd;pHESihfzGm;pHqkdwJh ZeD;armifESH ESpfa,muf&Sdw,f/
ESpaf ,mufv;kH &JU emrnfrmS ]]pH}}ygwJah Mumihf zd;k pH zGm;pH
vkdYac:wmyg/ emrnftjynfhtpHkuawmh ]]OD;pHNzdK;}} eJY
]]a':pHaESmif;}} yg/ i,fi,fup trsm;u ]]armifpH}}
]]rpH}} vkdYac:cJhMuw,f/ i,fi,fup touf(60)xd
0efxrf;tvkyfvkyfcJhMuw,f/ w&m;ukd vHk;0pdwfr0if
pm;Mubl;/ trsm;u ]][JharmifpHwkdYrpHwkdY? ukdpHwkdYrpH
wkdY? OD;pHwkdY a':pHwkdY w&m;remMuao;bl;vm;?
ukokdvf rvkyfMuao;bl;vm;}}vdkYar;awmh ]]touf
60 jynhfvkdY tNidrf;pm;,lcg vkyfrSmyg}} vdkYajzMu
w,f/ tcsdefwkdif; tcGHawGcsnf; a&wGufae&w,f/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 21

60jynhfvdkY tNidrf;pm;,lMuawmhvnf; bmukodkvfrS

rvkyfjzpfMuygbl;/ b,fw&m;ukdrS pdwfr0ifpm;MuvkdY
toufBuD;vkdY tylwkd;wmuvGJNyD; bmt&nftaoG;
rS ay:rvmawmhyg/
touf (70)avmufa&mufawmh ESpfa,mufvHk;
owdvGwfNyD; oli,fjyefvmMuNyD? ajr;awG&JU tdrfrSm
ESpaf ,muftwlaeMuawmh zd;k pHu &efpvku d f zGm;pHu
&efpvku d ef YJ ylyal vmifavmifeYJ tcsed u f ek af eMuw,f/
w&m;bm0emyGm;rsm;&r,hf t&G,frSm b0emukefMu
ygw,f/
wpfcsdefrSmzGm;pHu zkd;pHukd ]]eifbmrS rodwwf
bl ; }} vdkY ajymvkdufrdawmh zkd;pHpdwfqkd;NyD; ]][JhzGm;pH
'DrSm awmifa0S;jrif&JUvm;? awmifa0S;eJY csvdkuf
&rvm;}} vdYk awmifa0S;ukid f ½ku d zf vYdk ukd wf ,f/ zGm;pHu
]][J h z k d ; pH eif h r S m omawmif a 0S ; &S d w m r[k w f b l ; ?
ighrSmvnf; awmifa0S;eJY[Jh? ihgukdbmrSwfwHk;}} vdkY
awmifa0S;eJY½kdufzkdY jyefvdkufawmh zkd;pHu tdrftay:
xyf avSum;u atmufukdqif;ajy;w,f/ avSum;
ay:u 'vdrhfacgufauG;vdrfhusawmh ajcvufawG
22 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

usKd;yJh acgif;uGJ 'Pf&mawGjyif;jyif; xefxef&oGm;&Sm

w,f/ ajr;awGajy;vmNyD; ]]tzkd;wkdY tzGm;wkdY bmvkdY
'Dt&G,fa&mufrS 'Davmufa'goBuD;aeMu&wmvJ}}
vk d Y a jymawmh zk d ; pH eJ Y zG m ;pH w k d Y u ]]ol u pwm}}
]]olupwm}}eJY a'goeJY wpfvSnhfpD ajzaeMuw,f/
70 ausmf zk;d pH[m 'D'Pf&mawGeyYJ J rMumcif uG,v f eG f
cJh&&Smw,f/ zGm;pHuawmh 90 ausmfxd quftouf
&Snfaew,f/ 'gayr,hf ta&twGufyJ &Sdygw,f/
bmt&nftaoG;rS r&Sdygbl;/ owdvGwfvdkY todao
ae&if t½l;ygyJ/
touf&SnfwJh tzGm;qkdNyD; wcsKdUuvufaqmif
vmay;Muw,f/ wcsKdUu vufaqmifay;½Hkrubl;
ar;ao;w,f ]]tzGm;bmvkdao;vJ}} qkdawmh ]]em;
qG J u av; qG J B ud K ;uav; rd w f u yf a ygif ' gav;
0,f a y;MuyguG , f } } vk d Y q k d N yD ; [uf [ uf y uf y uf
&,fw,f/ &,f&mu csKH;csidkw,f/ 0dkif;Munhfae&ol
awGu tzGm;BuD; oli,fjyefaerSef; odoGm;MuNyD/
oli,fjyefqkdwm pum;,OfatmifoHk;wm/ wdkuf½kduf
uawmh ]]tzGm;BuD;½l;aeNyD}} vkdY ajymvkdwm/ ½kyftdk&if
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 23

wkwfawmifa0S; udkif&ovkd pdwftkdvmawmhvnf;

owdawmifa0S; NrNJ ru
J idk x
f m;rS r,dr;f r,kid f pdwBf uchH ikd f
NyD; cka&m aemifygpdwfat;&rSmyg/

½kyftdkayr,hf pdwfrtkdapeJY
wpfcgwke;f u a':jrqkw d hJ 'umrBu;D wpfa,muf
&JU touf 90jynhf arG;aeY tvSLvkyw f ,f/ toufBu;D
ayr,hf owdaumif;aeao;vkdY tvSLukd pdwftm;
xufoefpGmeJY vkyfaewmukd tm;&zG,fawGU&ygw,f/
ol Y u d k ]]'umrBuD ; 'D t &G , f a &muf v mawmh
'umrBuD;&JU cE¨mrSm aumif;wmqkdvkdY bmawGrsm;
usefao;ovJ}} vkdY ar;Munfhawmh ]]wynfhawmf
cE¨mrSm ,ckaumif;wm bmwpfckrSrusef r&Sdawmhyg
bl; bk&m;/ em;vnf;raumif;? rsufpdvnf;raumif;?
pm;&aomuf&? oGm;&vm&? xdik &f x&wm bmwpfcrk S
raumif;awmhbl; bk&m;/ tkd&wm qif;&JvScsnfvm;
bk&m;}} vkdY nnf;wGm;NyD; ajz&Smw,f/ ]]'umrBuD;
aumif;wm wpfckawmh csefxm;ygOD;}} ]]t&Sifbk&m;
bmrSukd raumif;awmhwmbk&m;}} ]]pdwfaumif;wpf
24 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

ckawmhcsex f m;ygOD;av/ pdwaf umif;rS w&m;tazmfeYJ

aysmfaysmfBuD;twlae&rSmaygh/ a':jrqkdwm at;jrwJh
oabm? tzkd;wefwJhoabmukd aqmifwmjzpfvkdY
emrnfeJY vkdufavsmatmif o'¨geJY pdwfaumif;atmif
oefY&Sif;? owdeJYxdef;? 0D&d,eJY axmufuefBudK;pm;yg/
w&m;qkw d m pdwcf eG t
f m; t"duyg}} vkYd tm;ay;pum;
ajymay;awmh pdwftm; wuf<uvmwmawGU&w,f/
w&m;xufomwJh pdwcf eG t f m;qkw
d mr&Syd u
J ;dk / ]]wynhf
awmfr&JU ½kyfcE¨mBuD; tkdcsifovdk tdkyapawmhbk&mh?
tkd½Hkru NydKvJcsif vJyapawmhbk&mh? pdwfawmh tvJ
rcHbl; bk&m;/ owdeJYxdef;? 0D&d,eJY axmufuefxm;
awmhr,f bk&m;/ oli,frjyef&atmif ½IrSwfae
r,fbk&mh}} ]]aumif;w,f aumif;w,f? tJ'grsKd;udk
]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} vdkYac:ygw,f/

vl Y b 0*k P f & nf
a,musfm;yJjzpfjzpf rdef;ryJjzpfjzpf b,folrqkd
vlYb0*kPf&nf 6csufeJY jynhfpHkrSyJ a'gifa'gifjrnf
tzkd;wefvlom;wpfa,muf jzpfvmEkdifrSmyg/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 25

(1) w&m;&wemaMumESiafh wGU&rS vl&UJ vkyyf idk cf iG fh

udk pdwfBudKufoHk;cGihf&NyD; vl&JUcHpm;cGihfudkvnf; tqifh
jrifjh rihf &,lEidk cf iG &hf w
dS mjzpfvYdk bk&m;omoemeJY awGU&
wm[m wu,fpdwfat;p&m aumif;vSwJh vlYb0
*kPf&nfyg/ omoem&SdwJh acwftcgrSm vljzpf&wm
[m oufwrf;b,favmuf wkw d ,fyaJ jymajym vlpY rG ;f
&nfukd tuken f p§ x f w k Nf y;D oH;k Ekid wf mjzpfvYdk tm;&Spd &m
taumif;qHk;jzpfygw,f/
(2) ykxkZOfqkdwm t0dZÆmwPSmBudK; 2acsmif;eJY
vmcJw h mvnf;jzpf? qif;&JrsK;d pHek YJ vH;k axG;cJ&h wmvnf;
jzpfvkdY w&m;eJYqufoG,fa&;jywfoGm;wwfygw,f/
ukd,fh[mudk,ftay:udkvnf; ruufEkdif? a&SUudkvnf;
roGm;wwfygbl;/ 'gaMumihf aMumif;usKd;jyNyD; w&m;eJY
qufoG,fay;wwfwJh rdbq&morm;aumif;pwJh
qufo, G af &;wm0efcaH wGeYJ awGUBuKH ciG &hf zkYd ta&;Bu;D
ygw,f/ ykxZk Of[m ud, k [fh mud, k f rEkid af o;orQ uk,d fh
tay: MoZmajimif;wJt h xde;f ? wGe;f tm;? vrf;ñTet f NrJ
&Sdae&ygw,f/ trSDaumif;&&if vrf;ajzmihfoGm;wwf
wmrkYd trSaD umif;ukd &&Sjd cif;[mvnf; wu,ftm;&Spd
26 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

&maumif;wJh vlYb0*kPf&nfyg/
(3) w&m;&Sw d ahJ e&m b,fuo k v
kd rf qkt d csed rf a&G;
vkycf iG &hf w
dS ahJ e&mrSm ae&mwmvnf; *kP, f zl aYdk umif;wJh
vlYb0*kPf&nfyg/ urÇmhtv,frSm jrefrmjynfaezkdY
aysmfzkdYaumif;w,fqkdwm tJ'Dwwd,vlYb0 *kPf
&nfaMumihyf g/ b0toH;k csynm b0aeenf;ynmrsm;
ukd oif,lemMum; avhvmcGihf&w,f/ vlYtodukd wpf
b0eJY abmifrcwfxm;yJ oHo&maemifa&; b0vGwf
ajrmufa&;twGufyg wGufcsuf arQmfac:wwfatmif
jr§ihfwifay;wwfw,f/
(4) rsupf d em;pwJh t*FgBu;D i,fjynhpf w kH hJ use;f rm
oefpGrf;wJh ½kyfykdif;qkdif&m cE¨mwnfaqmufrIeJYvnf;
jynhpf &kH r,f/ ykxZk Of[m okwrygbJ todx;l udk r&Ekid f
wmjzpfvYdk txl;tm;jzifh okwqufo, G af &; wyfqif
zkdY rsufpd em; aumif;rGefzkdY vdktyfygw,f/
(5) w&m;udktjynhf vufcHEdkifavmufatmif
vdr®moGufvuf xufjrufxl;cRefwJh pdwfykdif;qkdif&m
cE¨mwnfaqmufrI jynhpf zkH v Ydk nf; txl;vkt d yfygw,f/
o'¨gowd 0D&, d ynmpwJh pGr;f tm;rsm;eJY jynhpf rkH v S nf;
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 27

pdwpf rG ;f tm;ukd jri§ w

fh iftoH;k csciG fh &Ekid rf mS yg/ pdwyf idk ;f
qkdif&m pGrf;tm;eJY xdef;ray;Ekdif&if ½kyfykdif;qkdif&m
cE¨mwnfaqmufrIeJY ½kyf0w¬K jynhfpHkrI tm;vHk;[m
aysm&f iT cf sr;f omatmif tmrcHEikd pf rG ;f r&Sad wmhyJ tcsed f
ra&G; rD;xawmuf aygufuGJ jymusoGm;Ekdifygw,f/
(6) vlqkdwm ukokdvfuH t&if;cH pGrf;tm;eJY
vmcJh&wmjzpfvkdY ukokdvfeJY tqufrjywf cHvkdYr&yg/
ukokdvfqkdwm ukd,hfpdwfukdEkdifrS &EkdifwJh vlYwefcdk;
tppfyg/ vljzpfvsufeJY ukokdvfpdwfr0ifpm;&if vlYae
&m vlYvrf;aMumif;ay:u jyefqif;&rSm {uefyg/
tylxkyfBuD;rsm;jzpfwJh pm;0wfaea&;? pD;yGm;a&;?
vlrIa&;udpö tm;vHk;[m ukodkvfwefckd;eJY xdef;ay;Ekdif
rS Nidrf;at;rSmyg/ uHaxmufay;rSvnf; BuHhckdifrSmyg/
tm½Hk zdp;D rI 'kuo © ufomNy;D cka&maemifyg pdwaf t;&
rSm jzpfygw,f/ 'g[m vlYb0*kPf&nf 6 csufyg/
vl&UJ wu,hpf rG ;f tm; tppfqw dk m w&m;yg/ ta&;
BuHKvm&if ukd,fhbufu r,drf;r,dkif &yfwnfrSmu
vnf; w&m;wpfckwnf;yg/ vlukdEkdifwmu avmu?
avmuukdEkdifwmu w&m;? w&m;udkEkdifwmu owd
28 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

ynmyg/ 'ghaMumihf w&m;ukdEkdifwJh owdynmukd tNrJ

ukid x
f m;Ekid &f if avmuukv d nf; Ekid Nf yjD zpfvYdk avmuxJ
rSm ae&mwum t0ifqHhoGm;ygw,f/ avmueJYajy
vnfatmif n§dEIdif;NyD; Nidrf;csrf;pGm aewwfygw,f/
acG;qdk;? a>rqkd;pwJh tEÅ&,fjyKwwfwJh owå0g
aumifawGukd ajcmufwmawmifrS wkwfwkdY cJwkdY ukdif
ajcmuf&ao;w,fqkd&if avmu tEÅ&m,ftylrsKd;pHk
ukd ajcmuf&ifvnf; w&m;cJwkwf vufeufukd owd
ynmeJY vufOD;atmif ukdifxm;rS pdwfcs&rSmyg/

a':omvl
a':omvlqw dk hJ tzGm;wpfO;D &Syd gw,f/ emrnf&if;
uawmh a':pmjzLyg/ omvGew f v
hJ jl zpfatmif pdw"f mwf
jri§ w
hf if BuKd ;pm;wwfvYdk a':omvlvyYkd J wGiaf eygw,f/
w&m;jznfhay;rS vlYpGrf;tm;zGUHNzdK;Ekdifw,f/ w&m;
a0;&ifvlYpGrf;tm; BuHKvSDao;i,f ydefusoGm;wwf
w,f/ w&m;vGwf&if ykxkZOf&JUpdwf[m udavom
jyefay;qGw J mudk cPcPcHae&w,f/ ukov dk ef rYJ a&G;
orQ tukodkvfrsKd;pHkeJY ESdyfpuforQ cHae&w,f/ owd
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 29

0D&d,ynmeJY udavomvufxJa&mufaewJh pdwfukd

jrefjrefa&G;,lNy;D jrefjreftzk;d wefatmif oH;k ay;&r,f/
ykxZk OfjzpfvYdk pdww f idk ;f rus&if pdwq f if;&Jwwfayr,hf
owd Ó Pf v uf O D ; &if pG r f ; tm;jrih f o G m ;Ek d i f w ,f /
pdwfxm;rSefatmif avhusihfay;zkdYvkdw,f/
a':omvlu w&m;emMum;avhvmzl;wJh tcsed u f p
vlY'ku©awGukd pdefac:wwfvmw,f/ 'ku©awGU&if
aumif;rIukd ykBd uKd ;pm;w,f/ tvGeyf t l u
dk v
f w S hJ aEG&m
oDa&mufvm&if ]]vlYjynfrSm aewpfpif;xGuf½HkeJYyJ
'D avmufy la e&if i&J rS m awmh 'D xuf tqaygif ;
ode;f oef;uka#ru ylrmS yJ/ i&Jyx l rJ mS vkyyf idk cf iG v
fh nf;
vH;k 0r&S/d cHpm;cGiv hf nf; Avmew¬?d vljY ynfrmS yltu kd af y
r,fh vkyfykdifcGihfeJY cHpm;cGihfr½IH;? igi&Jra&mufzkdY ta&;
BuD;w,f/ 'ku©jrefjrefvGwfzkdY ta&;BuD;w,f}} vkdY
pdwfukdjr§ihfNyD; 'geukd ydkvkyfw,f/ oDvudk wkd;jr§ihfay;
w,f/ bk&m;twGuf a&cPcPvSLw,f/ cgwkdif;
xuf bk&m;ydk&Sdckd;w,f/ arwåmykdyGm;w,f/ tyl'Pf
aMumihf azmufjyefwJh ½kyfoabmukd ÓPfeJY½Iw,f?
0dyóemydkyGm;w,f/
30 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

at;wJhtcg? emwJhtcg? qmwJhtcgrSmvnf;

tJ'DvkdyJ ydkBudK;pm;wwfygw,f/ aeraumif;wJhtcg
]]uRerf wpfu, dk v
f ;kH ukovdk x f yk Bf u;FD jzpfaew,f}} vdYk
awmif usKH;0g; usL;&ifhwwfygao;w,f/ 'ku©wGef;
awmh tvJrcH? pdwrf Ekid w f ikd ;f tpkerf mS arQmrcs/ owd
0D&d,ÓPfeJY tqefvrf;rSm tpGrf;jy wufa&mufEkdif
w,fqw dk m ]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGr;f yg/

rav;vH k
bk&m;vufxufu uydv0wfNrdKUrSm o'¨gw&m;
tvGefaumif;vkdY o&P*HkoDvvHkNcHKNyD; aumif;rI
arGUavsmfvSwJh rav;vHkqkdwJh omuD0ifrif;orD;
wpfO;D &Scd w
hJ ,f/ ygVdvadk wmha*gydumwJ/h owdÓPfuH
xdef;cvkwf wyfxm;w,f/ edAÁmefukd yef;wkdifxm;NyD;
a,musfm;qkukdvnf; awmif;w,f/ aumif;rIukd
pepfuusvkyfw,f/
&[ef;awmf 3yg;ukd tdrfrSmyifhNyD;aeYpOf qGrf;
avmif;vSLygw,f/ &[ef; 3yg;[m oDvjynhfpHk½Hkom
ru psmef&atmifvnf; tm;xkwx f m;w,f/ oufwrf;
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 31

aph v k d Y u G , f v G e f a wmh owd Ó Pf u H x d e f ; cvk w f

aumif ; wJ h rav;vH k u wm0wð o mewf j ynf r S m
oMum;rif;&JUom; ÓPfBuD;vkdY ½kyfacsmwJh ukdzkd;vHk
(a*gyu) ewfom; oGm;jzpfw,f/ rdef;ru tqihfjrihf
a,musfm;jzpfoGm;ygw,f/
&[ef;awmf 3yg;uawmh uHxdef;cvkwf owd
ÓPfvGwfoGm;vkdY uG,fvGefawmh b0rsm;pGm tjzpf
rsm;cJhwJh pmwkr[m&mZfewfjynfrSm pdwfñGwfoGm;Mu
w,f/ b0eduEÅad Mumihf psmefavQmNy;D tnhpH m;obif
onf ewfom;awG jzpfoGm;Muw,f/
qGrf;tpfru txufwef;pm;ewfjzpf? qGrf;cH
&[ef; 3yg;u atmufwef;pm;ewfawG jzpfoGm;Mu
awmh qGr;f tpfreJY &[ef; 3yg; txufatmufajymif;
jyefjzpfoGm;ygw,f/ ykxkZOfpdwf[m wpfcgwpf&Hr,Hk
Ekdifavmufatmif ajymif;jyefBuD;jzpfwwfwmrdkY b0
oHo&mrSmvnf; tHhMop&maumif;avmufatmif
ajymif;jyefBuD;awG jzpfwwfpNrJyg/
pdwfaemufukd vluvkdufae&oleJY vlYaemufukd
pdwfudkygatmif qGJaeolwkdY&JU pGrf;tm;[m b,fenf;
32 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

eJYrS rwlEkdifygbl;/
wpfcsdefrSm &[ef; 3yg;b0rS a&mufoGm;MuwJh
ewfom; 3 OD;wdkY ujyazsmfajzaecsdefrSm udkzkd;vHk ewf
om; yGJMunhfa&mufoGm;w,f/ ujyaewJh ewfom;
3OD;[m rdrdqGrf;avmif;vSLcJhwJh &[ef;b0rS a&muf
vmrSef;odoGm;awmh csufcsif;tu&yfcdkif;? av;av;
eufeufowday;NyD; w&m;tjref tm;xkwfckdif;vdkuf
w,f/ ewfom; 2OD;u psmefjyef&vdkY 0dyóemquf
tm; xkwfvdkufawmh tem*grfjzpfNyD; jA[®mhjynfwuf
oGm;w,f/ usef 1OD;uawmh b0eduEÅdBuD;vGef;vdkY
use&f pfcyhJ gw,f/ uk,d [
fh muk,
d v f nf; wk;d wufjrihrf m;
atmif xdef;NyD;BudK;pm;Ekdifw,f/ olrsm;awGusqif;
oGm;wmudv k nf; owday;Ny;D wk;d wufatmif ulnaD y;
Ekid w
f ,f/ 'DtpGr;f awG[m rav;vHb k 0u wduscikd rf m
aocsmpGm BudK;pm;cJhwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}}
&JU xl;jcm;wJh tpGrf;ygyJ/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 33

a*gygv olaX;orD;
bk&m;vufxufu awvyemVded*Hk;&GmBuD;rSm
½kyfacsmqHyifaumufNyD; ypönf;<u,f0wJh a*gygv
olaX;orD; &Scd w hJ ,f/ i,fi,fup w&m;eJY qufo, G f
a&; &cJhygw,f/
t&G,fa&mufvkdY rdbESpfyg; uG,fvGefwJhtcg
ypö n f ; tm;vH k ; qH k ; ½I H ; NyD ; qif ; &J r G J a woG m ;cJ h w ,f /
tdrfazmftrsKd;orD;ukd tazmfvkyfNyD; qif;&Jyifyef;pGm
ae&&Smw,f/ olaX;orD;qkdwJh emrnfyJusefawmh
w,f/ ypönf;awmh vHk;0r&Sdawmhbl;/ vlYt&SdawG[m
uk,d &f cdS sio
f avmuf &Sad eMuwm r[kwb f J olw&Ykd EdS idk f
oavmuf&NdS y;D tcsed af ph&if aysmufu, G o
f mG ;Muwmyg/
t&Sdaemufu todrSDatmif vkdufEkdifrS csrf;om&Ekdif
ovdk r&Sdaemufu todrsufjcnfrjywf vkdufEdkifrS
vnf; Nird ;f csr;f &ygw,f/ avmutrGaJ wGxrJ mS o'¨gw
&m;rGJwm[m tqif;&JqHk; atmufwef;tusqHk;yg/
o'¨gw&m;<u,f0&if vkyfoifhwmukd {uefvkyfrSmjzpf
vdkY &SdoifhwmawG {uef&SdvmrSmyg/
udk,fhrSm wu,f&Sd&rSmu o'¨gw&m;ppfppfyg/
34 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

vlawG[m ypönf;0,f,lMuwJhtcg ypönf;twkudk

rvkdMuayr,hf ukd,fhukd wm0ef,lr,hf w&m;ukd ,lMu
wJt
h cg o'¨gw&m;twkudk oH;k rdwwfMuygw,f/ o'¨g
w&m;ykdppfrS ukokdvfppfrSmyg/ ukodkvfppfrSmvnf;
aumif;usKd;&zkdY aocsmrSm/
a*gygvolaX;orD;u o'¨gw&m;ppfppf &Sdoljzpf
vkdY ypönf;rGJoGm;ayr,hf pdwfrqif;&Jygbl;/ w&m;
tpGrf;aMumihf pdwfESvHk;BuHhcdkifygw,f/ olqif;&JrSef;
odawmh ypönf;&SdwJh olaX;orD;wpfOD;u olYqHyifukd
wpfaxmifay;0,fcahJ yr,hf rde;f rwk&Yd UJ bke;f usuo
f a&
t½IH;rcHcsifvkdY ra&mif;cJhygbl;/
t&Sifr[mupönf; trSL;&SdwJh &[EÅm (8) yg;
tdrfa&SU<uvmcdkuf yihfavQmufvkdY tdrfay:<uvmMu
w,f/ rdrdjrwfEkd;vSwJh qHyifukd (8) usyfeJY a&mif;NyD;
(8) usyfwefqGrf; tjrefpDrH? &[EÅm (8)yg;tm;
oHCmh*kPf tm½HkjyKvSKvkdufygw,f/
qHyifa&mif;½HkuvGJvdkY qGrf;avmif;vSLEkdif&ef
tjcm;enf;vrf; r&SdawmhwJhtwGuf wpfaxmifay;
vm0,fbl;wJh qHyifukd (8)usyfeJYa&mif;NyD; tvSLvkyf
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 35

vdkuf&wmyg/ avmutvSxuf "r®usufoa&ukd

wefzkd;xm;vkdYyg/
apwemjywfom;vGef;vkdY jzwfxm;wJh qHyifcsuf
cskif;jyefaygufNyD; yifukd,ftwkdif; jyefjzpfoGm;½Hkru
pnf;pdrOf pöm wpf[ek x f ;dk wk;d wufjynhpf o
kH mG ;cJyh gw,f/
omoemjyK ]]uÍö e 0e}} ausmif ; tpf r BuD ; vnf ;
jzpfoGm;cJhygw,f/
edrhfvkdufjrihfvkduf rsufvSnhfjyaewJh avmuxJrSm
w&m;eJYñIdEIdif;NyD; oufomNidrf;csrf;atmif aewwf
w,fqkdwm ]]vl \ pG r f ; tm; jrwf w &m;}} tpGrf;
aMumihfyg/

wvaxmf
vlupdwfaemufukd vdkufae&if tpkefpdwfyg/
vlYpGrf;tm;ukd vufvTwft½IH;ay;&olygyJ/ vlaemuf
udk pdwuf ykd gatmif qGEJ idk &f if tqefpw
d yf g/ vlpY rG ;f tm;
ukd wu,f&atmif ,laeolygyJ/ aumif;rIw&m; qkdk
wm tqefpdwfeJY vkyf&rS&Ekdifw,f/
jref r m&mZ0if r S m [H o m0wD yJ c l ; acwf u
36 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

]]wvaxmf}} qkdwJh rGeftrsKd;orD;av; &SdcJhzl;w,f/

i,f&G,fpOf odwwfwJht&G,fupNyD; &wem 3yg;
Munf n d K jrwf E k d ; qnf ; uyf w wf w ,f / ES v H k ; om;
bk&m;wnfwwfw,f/ arwåmvnf;aumif;aumif;
ykdYwwfw,f/ tcuftcJBuHKvmcgrS [kdajy;'Duyf
ua,mifuwrf; xvkyfwmrsKd;r[kwfbJ aeYpOfbk&m;
w&m;vufOD;atmif yHkrSefavhusifhaecJhwmyg/ w&m;
udk ukd,fuvufOD;atmif udkifxm;rS tylaygwJh
vlYavmuxJrSm aewwf xkdifwwfrSmyg/ pdwfukd
vlaY emufygatmif qGx J m;Ekid &f if pGr;f tm;wefc;kd &Siyf /J
t&G,fa&mufcsdefrSm rdpäm'd|d wdórif;[m Ak'¨
½kyfyGm;qif;wkawGudk zsufqD;ypf? a&xJvTifhypfw,f/
vT i f h y pf w J h ½k y f y G m ;qif ; wk a wG u d k wvaxmf u
aumuf,ludk;uG,fylaZmfw,f/ o'¨gw&m;ppfppf
&SdwmjzpfvkdY udk,hftpGrf;ukd,f ,Hkawmh&J&ihfygw,f/
'DtaMumif;ukd wdórif;BuD;Mum;awmh olYukd
qefu Y sizf ufvyk w f ,fqNdk y;D a'gotrsux f u
G v
f eG ;f vkYd
wvaxmf u d k z rf ; ? zrf ; NyD ; ao'Pf a y;vk d u f w ,f /
qifESihfeif;owfcdkif;awmh qifESihfwm0ef&Sdol tm;vHk;
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 37

tay:wvaxmfu arwåmvnf; pl;pl;pku d pf u dk yf w

Ydk ,f/
ESv;kH om;rSm bk&m;wnfvu dk wf ,f/ qifBu;D awG vH;k 0
reif;&J/ tem;awmifruyf&/J rD;½IUd towfcidk ;f jyefawmh
vH k ; 0rul ; / wG i f ; wl ; NyD ; wG i f ; xJ j r§ y f o wf r ,f
vkyjf yefawmh b,fvrkd S owfvrYkd &/ 'gaMumihf vTwaf y;
vkduf&w,f/ w&m;udk w&m;vdk pdwfr0ifpm;olukd
w&m;uvnf; w&m;vkdyJ tHhMozG,f aumif;avmuf
atmif jyefapmihfa&Smufwwf pNrJyg/ wdórif;BuD;
awmifrS rdpäm'd|dukdpGefYNyD; or®m'd|d ppfppfjzpfoGm;
&ygowJh/
toufukdawmif &ef&SmvmwJh tvGefBuD;rm;vS
wJh b0tcuftcJudk w&m;pGr;f eJY at;csr;f pGm ajz&Si;f
Ekdif½Hkru rdef;uav;wpfa,muf&JU w&m;pGrf;aMumihf
rdpmä 'd|&d iS f bk&m;Bu;D awmif or®m'd|jd zpfomG ;&avmuf
atmif pGrf;aqmifEkdifw,fqdkwm w&m;ukd w&m;vdk
pdwf0ifpm;wwfwJh tvGefxl;qef;vSwJh tHhMozG,f
]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;aMumihfyg/
rv’ d u m
w&m;qkdwm tm;csdef? rtm;csdefESihfwkdif;wm wm
38 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

r[kwfbJ todw&m;eJYom abmifcwfxm;wmyg/

tm;-rtm; cGJMunhfraebJ ukd,fhpdwfw&m;eJY wef-
rwefomcGJMunhfyg/ w&m;eJYwefwJh pdwfaumif;ay:
aygufae&if tHhzG,fw&m;pGrf;tm;ukd &&SdEkdifygw,f/
bk & m;vuf x uf u AE¨ K vppf o l B uD ; uawmf
rv’dum[m cifyGef;ESihfom; (32) a,mufvHk; rw&m;
vkyfBuHowfjzwfcH&wJh (33) avmif;NydKif ÓwdAsoe
aMumihf tylrD; ravmif&atmif £a`E´rysuf w&m;eJY
xdef;EkdifcJhw,f/ vkyfvufptvSLudk at;at; aq;
aq; ydyd&d&dNyD;atmif vkyfjyvkdufygw,f/ ÓwdAsoe
'kua© &mufaerSe;f ab;uyfb,fol wpfa,mufrrS od
vkdufMuyg/
ykxkZOf rdef;rom;wpfa,muf þrQjyif;xefvSwJh
aqGrsKd;ysufpD;rI 'ku©aMumihf aomu y&da'0rD;
tavmifrcHbJ owdÓPfeJY ydyd&d&d xdef;xm;EkdifwJh
tpGrf;[m w&m;tpGrf;eJY wGJaewJh wu,fcsD;usL;
xdkufwJh ]]vl vl \ pG r f ; tm; jrwf w &m;}} tpGrf;yg/
wu,fawmh rv’dum&JU tpGrf;r[kwfbJ w&m;eJY
xkdufwefvSwJh ESvHk;tdrfrSm vmudef;wJh xl;jcm;vSwJh
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 39

w&m;&JU tpGrf;jzpfygw,f/

rMunfat;
a&S;wkef;u uVrÁ&&Gmol rMunfat;qkdwm &SdcJh
bl ; w,f / uav;xd e f ; wmawmif r S w&m;vrf ;
aMumif;ay: pdwu f w
dk if;Ny;D edAmÁ efa&mufaMumif; w&m;
aumif;tjzpf ajymif;,lwwfavmufatmif owdÓPf
pGNJ ro
J jl zpfygw,f/ w&m;eJx Y u dk wf efatmif todpw d u
f dk
o'¨gw&m;ppfppfeJY oefYpifxm;wmjzpfvdkY Munfvif
at;csr;f pGmaewwfwhJ tdr&f iS rf jzpfw,f/ w&m;tod
vufOD;xm;&if vl[m wpfyef;omNyD;om;yg/
wpfaeYawmh w&m;yG&J v dS Ydk om;i,fuydk gac: tem;
rSmodyfNyD; w&m;emaew,f/ cE¨mrSm ÓPfpkdufNyD;
pdwyf gvufyg tusiEfh iS afh ygif; pyfxm;w,f/ om;i,f
tay:a>rqkd;wufukdufNyD; om;i,fa>rqdyfwufvdkY
arharsmaewmawmifrS owdrvGw½f rI w S &f if; w&m;em
aevdkufwm aomwmyefjzpfoGm;w,f/ arharsmaewJh
om;i,fukdvnf; opömqkdNyD; tqdyfajyaysmufatmif
aqmif&Gufay;vkdufw,f/ om;trdESpfa,mufvHk;
40 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

ab;&eftylNidrf;NyD; csrf;omoGm;Muygw,f/ ylavmif

½IyfaxG;vSwJh vlYudpötm½HkawGudk w&m;todeJY uefY
owfxm;Ny;D tylrxd &efrNiad tmif tpGr;f jyEkid w
f mjzpf
vkdY wu,fav;pm;xkdufwJh ]]vl \ pG r f ; tm; jrwf
w&m;}} pGrf;tm;yg/

rjynh f p H k
NyD;awmh bk&m;vufxufu &mZN*dKvfolaX;tdrf
rSm rjynhfpHk (ykPÖm)qkdwJh uRefruav; 1a,muf&Sd
w,f/ emrnfu rjynhpf q kH adk yr,hf bmrSrjynhpf &kH mS vkYd
olrsm;tdrfrSm uReftvkyf vkyfae&wmyg/ jynhfpHkwm
1ckawmh&Sdygw,f/ o'¨gw&m;yg/ o'¨gw&m;&Sd&if
ypönf;r&Sdayr,hf vlrGJr[kwfygbl;/ vkyfoifhwm vkyf
vkud &f if jzpfoihw f mjzpfNy;D &So d ifw
h m&Sv
d mrSm {uefyg/
½kyfu uHraumif;taMumif;rvSvdkY uRefjzpfae
&ayr,hf pdwfudkawmh uRefpdwftjzpf rcHygbl;/ tdrf
rSmvkyf&wJh aumif;rIudpö &wemoHk;yg; udpöawGukd
uk, d uhf pd v
ö yYdk J oabmxm;Ny;D o'¨gw&m;ppfppfeYJ pdwf
tm;xufoefpGm vkyfay;wwfygw,f/ bmrqkd udk,hf
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 41

tvkyfvkdY oabmxm;NyD; pdwfaumif;pdwfjrwfeJY

aqmif&Gufay;wmjzpfvkdY rdom;pkuvnf; olYtay:
orD;vko d abmxm; apmihaf &Smufay;Muw,f/ vlwpf
uk,d v f ;kH rSm pdwaf umif;[m tzk;d twefq;kH t&Sed t
f 0g
tBuD;qHk;jzpfwmrdkY ukd,fupdwfaumif;xm;&if tJ'D
pdwfaumif;eJY xdkufwefwJh tapmihfta&Smufukd &&Sd
pNrJyg/ ]]ukd,hfapwem[m ukd,hfvkyfcyJ}} r[kwf
vm;/
wpfaeYawmh ukd,hftwGuf a0pk&wJh qefMurf;
rk e f Y u av;uk d a&cyf q d y f a &muf a wmh r S pm;zk d Y , l
oGm;w,f/ bk&m;u olYukd csD;ajr§mufzkdY c&D;&ifqkdif
<uoGm;awmh rjynhfpHku bk&m;ukdjrifw,fqkd&ifyJ
o'¨gw&m; wpfzGm;zGm; jzpfay:wkd;yGm;NyD; ukd,fpm;zkdY
,lcw hJ hJ rkeuYf dk rpm;awmhbJ bk&m;oydwx
f J avmif;vSL
vkdufygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifu rkefYukd tvSLcHNyD; w&m;
a[mawmh cE¨mÓPfpkdufyGm;rsm;&if; w&m;emvkduf
wm uRef rav; rjynhpf kH aomwmyefjzpfomG ;ygw,f/
rMumcif emrnfeJYvkdufavsmatmif tppt&m&m
jynhfpHkoGm;cJhygw,f/
42 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

½kyfcE¨m uRefjzpf&ayr,hf pdwfcE¨m uRefjzpfrcHyJ

bk&m;eJY + olaX; rdom;pkcsD;jr§ihfcH&avmufatmif
pdwfaumif;xm;wmjzpfvdkY wu,ftwk,l av;pm;
xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;yg/

rjrwf r G e f
bk& m;vufx ufu rjrwf rG ef (Owå &m) qk d wJ h
trsK;d orD;[m arwåmorm"d tavhtusirfh sm;ol jzpf
ygw,f/ tcuftcJBuHKvmrS aumuf½kd;rD; [kef;ueJ
xawmuf o vk d ua,mif u wrf ; xvk y f w mrsKd ;
r[kwb f J aeYpOfyrkH eS f vlEiS whf &m; wpfom;wnf; aygif;
pyfNyD; xHkaeatmif avhusihfxm;wmyg/
[kwyf gw,f/ w&m;eJv Y [ l m aygif;xm;rS Nird ;f csr;f
ygw,f/ om;trdom;tz nDtpfudk nDtpfr armifErS
ZeD;armifESHawG[m wpfcgwpf&H taMumif;tm;avsmf
pGm cGx
J m;vkYd jzpfEidk af yr,hf vlew YJ &m;uawmh b,fvdk
taMumif;aMumihfrS cGJxm;vkdY rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ wpfaeYrS
vnf; cGJrxm;oihfygbl;/ w&m;eJY vluGJwmeJY avmu
u vludk &efpvmwwfygw,f/
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 43

wpfaeYawmh oD&drmu rjrwfrGefudk &efNidK;zGJUNyD;

axmywfqDyleJY acgif;ukdavmif;cswJhtcg oD&drmukd
pl;pl;pkdufpdkuf arwåmykdYw,f/ xHkaeatmif avhusihf
xm;cJ h w J h arwå m [m tm½H k e J Y vk d u f a vsmnD a xG
jzpf o G m ;vk d Y usKd u f u sKd u f q l w J h axmywf q D y l [ m
a&at;vdkyJ tvkdvdkat;jroGm;w,f/ &efvkyfwJh
oD & d r muk d rjrwf r G e f u aomwmyef j zpf o nf x d
arwåmppfppfeJY qufNyD; ulnDay;vkdufygao;w,f/
olu, dk w
f idk u
f vnf; aomwmyefjzpfaeNyyD /J oD&rd mu
cspfvkdufwm rjrwfrGefrS rjrwfrGefyJ/
&efolukdawmif cspfcif&if;ESD; tuRrf;0ifatmif
pGr;f aqmifEidk w f hJ rdro
d w
l yg; trsm;tusK;d ukd Ny;D apEkid f
wJh rjrwfrGef&JUtpGrf;[m wu,ftm;xm;xkdufwJh
]]vl\pGrf;tm; jrwfw&m;}} tpGrf;jzpfygw,f/

omrm0wD
bk & m;vuf x uf u yJ Oawerif ; rS m omrm
0wDqkdwJh o'¨gaumif;NyD; arwåmtm;BuD;wJh rdzk&m;
wpfyg;&Sdw,f/ o'¨gw&m;[m vlYtazmftppfjzpfvkdY
44 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

ol&Sd&if vl[m tm;&SdNyD; &J&ifhw,f/ aumif;wm

tm;vH;k vky&f yJ gw,f/ ol&Y UJ o'¨geJaY ygif;pyfrw
d hJ arwåm
pGrf;tm;[m txl;Ekd;Mum;wuf<u xufoef&ifhusuf
vSygw,f/
ppfom;&JU tpGrf;[m qefYusifzuf&efol&SdrS ay:
vGifxif&Sm;vm&ovkd aq;eJYaq;q&m&JU tpGrf;ukd
a&m*g&SdrS od&ovdk olawmfaumif;wkdY&JU "r®pGrf;tm;
ukd qefu
Y sizf uf twku d "f mwfawGay:vmrS tHMh ozG,f
aumif;avmufatmif odjrifcGihf &Ekdifygw,f/
wpfaeYawmh Oawerif;[m rm*@Dukef;wkdufrI
aMumihf trsux f u
G Nf y;D arwåmtm;Bu;D wJh omrm0wDeYJ
tNcHt&HawGudk wef;pDcdkif;NyD; tqdyfvl;wJh jr§m;eJY
(av;ay:wif) ypfowfw,f/ w&m;ryg&if toufudk
awmif&ef&SmvmwJh avmu&JU rw&m;Ncdrf;ajcmufrI
[m tvGefaMumufvefY wkefvIyfzG,f aumif;vSyg
w,f/ w&m;rul&if cH&ol[m wu,fyJ rkefYrkefYnuf
nuf ausrGoGm;avmufygw,f/
omrm0wDwdkYu arwåmydkYvTwfaew,f/ ,ckrS
ua,mifuwrf; p wmr[kwfbJ umv&SnfMum
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 45

avhusiafh ecJw h hJ tavhtusit fh xHk jzpfw,f/ b,fvkd

rS ypfvkdYr&bJ jr§m;u Oawerif;zufudkom jyefvSnhf
vmw,f/ w&m;u avmuukEd idk w f m qkad wmh avmu
obm0udk ajymif;jyef jyefypfEidk w f hJ tHzh ,
G pf rG ;f tm;yg/
Oawerif; aMumufvefYvGef;vdkY av;udk ypfcsNyD;
omrm0wDukd 0efcsawmif;yef uefawmhw,f/ cspfcif
MunfndK av;pm;vdkufwm omrm0wDrS omrm0wDyJ?
rdrdESifh tNcHt&Hrsm;pGmwdkYudk aoab;rS vGwfajrmuf
atmif vkyfay;Edkif½Hkru cufxefMurf;MuKwfvSwJh
Oawerif;&JU pdwEf v S ;kH udk odraf rGUEl;nHo
h mG ;atmif pGr;f
aqmifEdkifwJh omrm0wD&JUtpGrf;[mvJ wu,ftwk
,lxu kd wf hJ ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} &JU pGr;f tm;yg/
rpE´ m
bk&m;vufxufu vçvdkyJtNrJ at;csrf;atmif
aewwfwJh rpE´mqdkwJh trsdK;orD;wpfOD;&dScJhbl;w,f?
odwwfwhJ t&G,u f p vlew YJ &m;aygif;rdoyl g? t&m&m
rsm todowdeJY Edk;Mum;pGm aexdkifusifhoHk;aewwf
olyg/
olrsm;awGu yGJ&dSvdkY yGJMunfhac:Muayr,fh
46 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

]]ZmwfcHkay:u yGJqdkwm tdrfxJu taMumif;t&m

awGudk ,lNyD; jywmyg/ olrsm;yGJawGMunfhr,fhtpm;
udk,fhyGJ udk,fMunfhwmuyJ Nidrf;at;Edkifygw,f}} vdkY
tjrif&Sif;&Sif;eJY b,fawmhrS yGJMunfhrvdkufcJhbl;/
t&G,fa&mufawmh rdbrsm;u olaX;om;wpfOD;
eJY ae&mcsay;vdkufw,f? rMumcifyJ olYcifyGef; olaX;
om;u rpE´mudk tNyD;tydkif pGefcGmoGm;w,f/ ra&
wGufEdkifatmif rsm;jym;vSwJh vlYtylawGudk csrf;om
tjzpf owdÓPfeJY ppfxkwfwwfwJh udk,fhyGJudk udk,f
Nidrf;at;atmif MunfhwwfwJh rpE´m[m tNyHK;vJ
rysuf £aE`E´vJ rysufyg/
]]b,folYudkrS udk,fydkifwmr[kwfawmh b,fol
yJ cGJcGmoGm;oGm; w&m;tazmfudk,fhrSm usefcJh&if
NyD;wmyJ}} vdkY tjrif&Sif;&Sif;eJY omoem0ifNyD; w&m;
tm;xkwf vdu k wf m &wEÅmjzpfomG ;w,f? ud, k yhf u
JG ,kd f
owdÓPfeYJ rsujf cnfrjywf Munfw h wfawmh Nird ;f oGm;
wmyJ/ &[EÅmjzpfawmh avmueJY vHk;0 ajyvnfoGm;
ygNyD/
udk,fhudktNrJ qefYusifzufvkyf wGef;csaewJh
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 47

avmuBuD;eJY ajyvnfatmif ñSdEdIif;aexdkifwwfwJh

vç [m tm;vH;k eJY wnfo h vdk tm;vH;k eJY wnfah tmifae
wwfwhJ rpE´m&JUtpGr;f [mvJ wu,f twk,al v;pm;
xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;yg/
rcd k i f N id r f ; at;
bk&m;vufxufuyJ w&m;okwjynfh0wJh ax&D
umqdw k hJ tdr&f iS rf wpfO;D &dcS b hJ ;l w,f? pdw"f mwfBuUH cdik f
Nidrf;at;atmif w&m;eJYavmu ñSdEdIif;aexdkifwwf
wmjzpfvdkY jrefrmvdkawmh rcdkifNidrf;ay;vdkY ac:&rSmyg/
odwwfwJh t&G,fup w&m;eJYqufoG,fa&;
&xm;wmjzpfvdkY tdrfxJu tvkyftm;vHk; w&m;
tvkyfeJY wpfom;wnf; aygf;xm;wwfw,f? tdrfxJ
rSmae&if;eJyY J 'ge oDv orm"d 0dyóem pGr;f tm;awG
udk todÓPfeJY tuefYvdkuf tuefYvdkuf &atmif
ajymifajrmufpmG ,lwwfoyl g/ wpfaeYawmh rD;zdak csmif
xJ xrif;[if;csuf&if; rD;yla&yl'PfaMumifh qefç
[if;oD;[if;&Gufç om;ig;awGusufwmudk owd
ÓPfeJY Munfhawmh rcdkifNrJvdkY ajymif;vJaeMuyHkawG
ÓPfxJ jywfjywfom;om; ay:vmw,f? tJ'gudk
48 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

oufao t&mxm;NyD; cE¨mÓPfpdkuf 0dyóem

yGm;vdkufwm rD;zdkacsmifxJrSmyJ tem*grfjzpfNyD;
omoem0if quf tm;xkwfawmh &[EÅm ax&Dr
jzpfoGm;w,fvdkYqdkw,f/
trsm;wum ]]rtm;bl;? tvkyf½Iyfw,f}} vdkY
nnf;xGm;NyD; t½IH;ay;ae&wJh tdrftvkyfawGudk
]]tm;zdkYrvdk odzdkYvdkw,f}} vdkY w&m;eJYaygif;NyD; tm;
xkwfEdkifavmufatmif owdÓPfjywfom;&Sif;vif;
vSwJh rcdkifNidrf;at;&JU tpGrf;owdå[mvJ wu,fpHjyK
xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} &JU tpGrf;rsdK;yg/
a':yk w f
&Gmwpf&GmrSm OD;wkwfeJY a':ykwfqdkwJh ZeD;armifESH
2-a,muf&dSw,f? OD;wkwfuvJ emrnfeJYvkdufatmif
rJryJ yk yf yk f 0wkwBf u;D ? 0oavmuf odyaf 'goBu;D w,f?
a':ykwfuvJ ykwfBuD;vdkyJ 0wkwfBuD;? wpfaeYrS wnfh
atmif raeEdkifwJh vl0BuD; ZeD;armifESHyg/
OD;wkwfu a':ykwfudk wkwfjy "g;jyaeYwdkif; Ncdrf;
ajcmuf? tvkyo f mG ; tvkyjf yefqkd ydNk y;D qlyBl urd ;f armif;?
tdraf y:u cPcPESicf s? tdru f a':ykw&f UJ rdbtarG
 vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m; 49

tdrfyg? wu,fqdk udk,fuom qif;oGm;&rSm? tdrfxJ

bk&m;oH w&m;oH wpfaeYrS rMum;&? qJqdk Budrf;
armif;oHyJ yGun f NH y;D tyltcd;k awGreT af ew,f? a':ykwf
Bu;D aocsipf w d af ygufavmufatmif ylavmifaew,f?
vlpifppfu bDvl;wdkif;jynfa&muf aeovdk aMumuf
vefY acsmufcsm;NyD; rGef;Muyfae&&Smw,f/
wpfaeYawmh OD;wkwftvkyfoGm;aewkef; a':ykwf
u &GmOD;ausmif;bkef;BuD; OD;wdóxH oGm;NyD; pdwf½Iyf
p&maumif;vSwJh tdrfxJu tzktxpf ql;ajimifh
cvkwf tylxkyfawGudk tukefzGifhazmufjyw,f?
bkef;BuD;xH tm;udk;wBuD; ppfulawmif;&Smw,f/
bkef;BuD;uvJ usnfqefawGudk ypfyHkypfenf;ESifhwuG
xkwfay;vdkufw,f ]]uJ rdykwf bk&m;*kPfrsm;rsm;
yGm;NyD; arwåmud BudK;BudK;pm;pm; ydkYMunfhyg}} vdkY vdk&if;
vrf;ñTefvdkufw,f/
a':ykwu f tdrjf yef? bk&m;rsm;rsm;&dcS ;kd ? bk&m;*kPf
xHkatmifyGm;NyD; OD;wkwfudk owdeJYyHkazmf aumif;uGuf
udk&Sm? NyHK;uGufudkzefwD;? tBudrfrsm;pGm r&yfrem;
arwåmydv Yk w
T w f ,f? arwåmusnq f efukd tqufrjywf
50 t&Sifod&dE´mbd0Ho (a,m)

ypfcwfvdkufawmh OD;wkwfudk arwåmusnfqefxd

oGm;w,f? OD;wkwf udk,fa&m EIwfa&m pdwfygrusef
tukef OD;ñTwfNyD; odrfarGUoGm;w,f/ 2-a,muf
bk&m;? ausmif;oGm;zuf ukodkvfjyKzufjzpfNyD; aysmf&Tif
csrf;ajrUzG,f aumif;oGm;w,f/ 'g[mvJ twk,l
av;pm;xdkufwJh ]]vl\pGrf;tm;jrwfw&m;}} tpGrf;
ygyJ/

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