TENSES FORMS

(Affirmative - A/Negative - N Question - Q)

USE TIME PRASES
I
N
D
E
F
I
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E

(
S
I
M
P
L
E
)
P
R
E
S
E
N
T

A! I work.
He/she/it works.
You/we/they work.

N! I do not (dont) work.
He/she/it does not (doesnt) work_.
You/we/they do not (dont) work.
Q! Do I work?
Does he/she/it work_?
Do you/we/they work?
1-to talk about general truth and
permanent actions(facts):
The Earth rotates round its axis.
It rains a lot in autumn.
I speak English and French.
2-to talk about repeated,
customary actions:
He gets up at 8 oclock every
morning.
They never listen to their teacher.
3-to talk about a planned future
action (a timetable or schedule )
The train leaves at 3 tomorrow.

always, every
day/month/year
never, often,
normally,
seldom,
sometimes,
usually, twice a
week/day,
all the time
P
A
S
T

A! I worked /ent!
He/she/it worked/ent.
You/we/they worked/ent .
N! I did not (didnt) work_/go.
He/she/it did not (didnt) work_/go.
You/we/they did not (didnt) work_/go.
Q! Did I work_/go?
Did he/she/it work_/go?
Did you/we/they work_/go?
1-to talk about actions
performed in the past
(ith finished time e"pressions):
I met my friend yesterday.
Did you go to the seaside last
summer
2-to talk about a succession of
past actions (stories):
He opened the door! switched on the
light and fed his cat.
#- to talk about an action taking
place in the middle of another
action:
He fell aslee" while the teacher was
ex"laining new grammar rules.
yesterday,
minutes/hours/
days/years ago,
in !"#$,
the other day,
last
month/year/
week/ %unday
F
U
T
U
R
E
A! I/we shall"$ ill work.
He/she/it ill work.
You/they ill work.

N! I/we shall not (shant) " work
ill not (ont) work.
He/she/it ill not (ont) work.
You/they ill not (ont) work.

Q! %hall$ill I/we work?
&ill he/she/it work?
&ill you/they work?

1-to talk about future actions:
&'ll call you tomorrow.
#ary will get a "resent next month.
2-to predict the future
(ith probably, & e(pect))),
&*m sure))), (&) think))), don*t
think, & wonder))), perhaps)
I think it will rain tomorrow.
+erhaps she*ll be late.
I don*t think the exam will be very
difficult.
3- to e"press intention at the
moment of decision:
$o you like these shoes
% &es! &*ll buy them.
'-in the 1
st
type of
conditional sentences
If the weather is fine! we'll go to
the country.

tomorrow,
the day after
tomorrow,
one of these
days,
ne(t
week/month/
year etc),
soon,
in the near
future,
some day,
in two
days/five
minutes/a
month etc)
(egular )erbs * ed : orked, played,
+rregular )erbs , ++ column:
ent, ate

*NOTE!!!
%hall is used mostly in the
questions shall +-.$shall e-.
In spoken
English we normally use +ll and ell.
TENSES FORMS
(Affirmative - A/Negative - N
Question - Q)
USE TIME
PRASES
C
O
N
T
I
N
U
O
U
S


(
p
r
o
g
r
e
s
s
i
v
e
)
P
R
E
S
E
N
T
A! I am (+m) working.
He/she/is is (hes) working.
You/we/they are (ere) working.
N! I am not (+m not) working.
He/she/it is not (isnt) working.
You/we/they/ are not (arent) working.

Q! /m I working?
+s he/she/we working?
/re you/we/they working?

1-to talk about actions that are
happening no, at the moment of
speaking:
'ook( The )oys are playing foot)all. Hurry
u"( The train is coming)
2- to talk about actions that are
happening around no, but not
e"actly at the moment of speaking:
*e are studying very hard these days.
*e have to "re"are for our exams.
#-to speak about hat you ha)e
already arranged to do:
%*hat are you doing on +aturday
%I am meeting my friend at the station.
+he is arriving at 8 "m.

now,
at the
moment,
at present,
-ook.,
-isten.
these days,
this
morning,
today
P
A
S
T
A! I as working.
He/she/it as working!
You/we/they ere working.
N! I as not (asnt) working.
He/she/it as not (asnt) working.
You/we/they ere not (erent) working.
Q! &as I working?
&as he/she/it working?
&ere you/we/they working?
1-to talk about a temporary action
taking place at a gi)en moment in the
past:
*hat were you doing at , oclock
yesterday
2-to or more actions happening at
the same time in the past:
+he was cooking dinner and her kids
were watching T-.
#- action interrupted by another
shorter action in the past:
I was working on com"uter when the
tele"hone rang.
'- background information in a story:
The sun was shining and the birds
were singing

at / o'clock
yesterday,
from 3 to /
0n 1onday,
when 1um
came, while
F
U
T
U
R
E

A! I/we shall"$ill be working.
He/she/it ill be working.
You/they ill be working.
N! I/we shall not (shant) "be working.
ill not (ont) be working.
He/she/it ill not (ont) be working.
You/they ill not (ont) be working.
Q: %hall$ill I/we be working?
&ill he/she/it be working?
&ill you/they be working?


1- to talk about an action at a
particular moment in the future!
0he action ill start before that
moment but it ill not ha)e
finished at that moment:
I will be playing tennis at ./am
tomorrow.
This time on +unday I0ll be bathing in
the sea.
*hen you arrive! he will be waiting for
you.

at 1 oclock
tomorro,
this time on
%unday,
hen + come
to be (am$is$are) * )erb * -ing
to be(as$ere) * )erb * -ing
shall$ill * be * )erb *-ing
*NOTE!!!
%hall is used mostly in the questions shall
+-.$shall e-.
In spoken English we normally use +ll
and ell.

TENSES FORMS
(Affirmative - A/Negative - N Question -
Q)
USE TIME
PRASES
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
P
R
E
S
E
N
T

A! I/we/you/they ha)e worked/gone.
He/she/it has worked/gone.
N! I/we/you/they ha)e not (ha)ent) worked/gone.
He/she/it has not (hasnt) worked/gone.
Q! 2a)e I/we/you/they worked/gone?
2as he/she/it worked/gone?
-is alays connected ith the
present and the only thing hich
matters here is the result: the time
hen the action took place is of no
importance:
I have lost my keys. I cant o"en the
door.
1-to talk about a completed action
connected ith the present:
I have seen this film and I can
discuss it with you now.
2-3uestions in the 4resent 4erfect
ne)er start ith hen:
*hen did you see this film
#-ith this morning$e)ening, today
this eek, this year (hen the time
periods are not finished at the time
of speaking):
2ave you called you mother today
already, ever,
3ust, never,
not yet, so
far, till now,
up to now , of
late, lately,
recently, with
for and since,
with 4his is
the first time
this
morning/
evening,
today, this
week, this
year
P
A
S
T

A! I/you/we/they had worked/gone.
He/she/it had worked/gone.
N! I/we/you/we/they had not (hadnt) worked/gone.
He/she it had not (hadnt) worked/gone.
Q! Had I/you/we/they worked/gone?
Had he/she/it worked/gone?
1-denotes an action completed
before a certain moment in the
past5 it is not used to denote a
succession of actions (4ast
%imple):
+he has already finished her work
when he came.
6ut: *hen I wrote the letter! I
posted it.1+ast %imple 5
succession of actions)
2y the time the "olice arrived !he
had already disa""eared.
2-ith the
con7unctions(hardly$scarcely$
nearly$barely * hen-)
I had hardly done it when they
came.
6o sooner had they arrived than it
started to rain.
when &
entered, by 7
o'clock
yesterday,
(with the
same
adverbs as
+resent
+erfect but in
the past
conte(t), no
sooner
than
F
U
T
U
R
E


A! I/we shall"$ill ha)e orked$gone!
He/she/it ill ha)e orked$gone!
You/they ill ha)e orked$gone!
N! I/we shall not (shant) " ha)e orked$gone!
ill not (ont)
He/she/it ill not (ont)
You/they ill not (ont) ha)e orked$gone!
Q: %hall$ill I/we ha)e orked$gone.
&ill he/she/it ha)e orked$gone.
&ill you/they ha)e orked$gone.
1-denotes an action completed
before a definite moment in the
future:
+he will have finished this work )y
3 oclock tomorrow.
The film will have already started
)y the time we come .Hurry u"(
by this time
tomorrow, by
o'clock
tomorrow,
when you
come back
had *participle ++
- regular )erbs *ed :
orked, asked
-irregular )erbs-+++ column: gone, eaten

ha)e$has *participle ++
- regular )erbs *ed
orked, asked
-irregular )erbs-+++ column gone,
eaten

shall$ill + have +participle II

TENSES FORMS
(Affirmative - A/Negative - N Question -
Q)
USE TIME
PRASES
P
e
r
f
e
c
t


c
o
n
t
i
n
u
o
u
s
P
R
E
S
E
N
T
A! I we/you/they ha)e been working.
He/she/it has been working.
N! I/we/you/they ha)e not (ha)ent) been working.
He/she/it has not (hasnt) been working.
Q! 2a)e I/we/you/they been working?
2as he/she/it been working?
1-to say ho long things ha)e been
continuing up to no:
Ive been learning English for six
years.
Its been raining all day.
2-to say ho e ha)e been filling
our time (up to no)
%&our hands are dirty.
%Ive been painting the walls.
for, since,
2ow
long8
P
A
S
T

A! I /we/you/they had been working.
He/she/it had been working.
N! I/we/you/they had not (hadnt) been working.
He/she/it had not (hadnt) been working.
Q! 2ad I/we/you/they been working?
2ad he/she/it been working?
1-denotes an action hich began
before a definite moment in the
past, continued up to that moment
and as still going on at the
moment:
*e could not go out )ecause it had
been raining for two hours.
2-denotes an action hich as no
longer going on at a definite
moment in the past, but hich had
been in progress not long before:
The )a)ys face was red and wet. He
had been crying.
since, for
F
U
T
U
R
E

A! I/we shall$ill " ha)e been working!
He/she/it ill ha)e been working.
You/they ill ha)e been working.
N! I/we shall not (shant)" ha)e been working.
ill not (ont)
He/she/it ill not (ont) ha)e been working.
You/they ill not (ont) ha)e been working.
Q! %hall$ill I/we ha)e been working?
&ill he/she/it ha)e been working?
&ill you/they ha)e been working?

1-denotes an action hich ill begin
before a definite moment in the
future, ill continue up to the
moment and ill be going on at that
moment:
&ou will have been waiting for more
than two hours when her "lane finally
arrives.
In the fall I will have been studying
here for 3 years.
He will )e tired when he arrives. He
will have been travelling for 34
hours.
for
*NOTE!!!
%hall is used mostly
in the questions shall +-.$shall
e-.
In spoken English we
normally use +ll and ell.
ha)e$has * been * )erb * -ing
had * been * )erb * -ing
shall$ill * ha)e * been* )erb * -ing
*NOTE!!!
%hall is used mostly in the
questions shall +-.$shall e-.
In
spoken English we normally use +ll
and ell.
NOTE!!! &e dont use 4resent
4erfect 8ont! ith be, know , have
and other non-progressive verbs:

How long have you had
your car 1+resent +erfect5