Data:-

Height of Retaining wall = 1.95m

Height of wall above G.L= 1.95m
Height of wall below G.L= 0.00m
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion = 1800Kg/Cum
Grade of concrete = M20
Grade of steel = Fe415
Ground water Table level = 0.6m below GL
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) = 35
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees) 82.73
(in anti clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) = 0
Angle of wall friction (q) = 17.5
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill = 1.20m
Undrained Cohesion ( c) = 2300Kg/sqm
Characteristic compressive strength = 20N/sqmm
Tensile strength of steel = 415N/sqmm
Unit weight of concrete = 2500Kg/Cum
Dimensions of the Cantilever wall(Assumed for preliminary design):-
Thickness of stem at bottom = 0.40m
Thickness of stem at top = 0.15m
Thickness of base slab = 0.30m
Breadth of beam = 0.30m
Depth of beam = 0.50m
Dia of SUR pile assumed = 0.30m
Depth of pile = 3.50m
C/c spacing of piles in transverse direction = 1.13m
C/c spacing of piles in longitudinal direction = 2.50m
Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory
K
a
= Sin(a+Q)
sina sin(a-q) sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)
From the above expression,
K
a
= 0.3
Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall Pa = 1053.00Kg/sqm
The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:-
Pressure due to
Surcharge load = 648
648
1.95m
1053.00
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL
Total Active earth pressure force = 2290.28
Height from the bottom of the wall = 0.83m
The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-
Horizontal component of the earth pressure P
h
= 2079.78Kg/m
Vertical component of the earth pressure P
v
= 959.12Kg/m
Intial proportioning of the structure:-
In view of the very poor bearing capacity of the soil,either gravity or cantilever retaining walls are
not economical.It is proposed to support the wall on base slab supported by longitudinal beams,which are
supported on piles.
Two rows of 300mm dia SUR piles are proposed at spacing of 2.50m
As per IS 2911(Part-III)-1973,the lateral load carrying capacity of 300mm dia SUR pile is 2.00t
300
9
0
0
750
830
3
0
0
5
0
0
400
150
1
9
5
0
3
5
0
0
9
7
.
3
1

2
4
.
7
7

8
3
0
The passive earth pressure on grade beam = K
p
h = 3000.00Kg/sqm
Passive earth pressure force for 2.5m length = 1875.00Kg 1.88t
Hence,the total lateral load carrying capacity of the structure is 5.88t
The total lateral load due to active earth pressure = 5199.44Kg 5.20t < 5.88t
Hence safe.
Centre to centre spacing between two rows of 300mm dia SUR piles = 1.13m
Hence,the over all width of the base slab = 1.73m
Design of wall or stem:-
Factored bending moment Mu = 2587.17Kgm
Effective depth required d = M
u
/0.138f
ck
b = 96.82mm
Over all depth provided = 400.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 352.00mm
M
u
/bd
2
= 0.209
From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.085
Minimum percentage = 0.15
Area of steel required = 528.00sqmm
Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 175mm c/c spacing
Hence A
st
provided = 645.94sqmm
Check for shear:-
Percentage of tension steel = 0.18
Maximum shear force on the member = 20.80KN
Factored Design shear force = 31.20KN
Nominal shear stress t
v
=V
u
/bd = 0.09 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
20 of 1S 456)
Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.31 N/sqmm > 0.09
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12%
Area required = 330.00sqmm
Provide 1/3rd of above reinforcement on earthen side = 110.00sqmm
Provide 8mm dia @ 300mm c/c on earthen side
Provide 2/3rd of above reinforcement on other side = 220.00sqmm
Provide 8mm dia @ 200mm c/c on other side
Provide 10mm bars at 300mm c/c vertically on the outer face to support horizontal rods
Design of base slab:-
Thickness of base slab assumed = 0.30m
The loading on the base slab can be approximated as shown below:-
Wt.of wall = 1340.63Kg/m 13.40625
Earth pressure = 2079.78Kg/m
Self weight = 750.00kg/m/m
Wt.of earth = 3510kg/m/m 0.83m
R
A
R
B
0.3 0.62 0.51 0.3
0.665
Analysis is carried out assuming fixed supports to arrive at max.hogging moment,further supports
are assumed to be hinged to arrive at max.sagging moments.
After analysis,
R
A
= 21.070kN
R
B
= 40.820kN
The bending moment diagram is as shown below:-
5.80Knm
13.50Knm
Moment at A = 2.23Knm
Moment at B = 5.58Knm
Factored bending moment Mu = 20.25Knm
Effective depth required d = M
u
/0.138f
ck
b = 85.66mm
Over all depth provided = 300.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 255.00mm
M
u
/bd
2
= 0.311
From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.089
Minimum percentage = 0.15
Area of steel required = 382.50sqmm
Hence provide 10mm dia HYSD bars@ 150mm c/c spacing
Hence A
st
provided = 523.33sqmm
Check for shear:-
Percentage of tension steel = 0.21
Maximum shear force on the member = 40.82KN
Factored Design shear force = 61.23KN
Nominal shear stress t
v
=V
u
/bd = 0.24 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
20 of 1S 456)
Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.33 N/sqmm > 0.21
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide same reinforcement in other direction also as distribution reinforcement.Provide 10mm
mat@150mm c/c at top also
Design of beam:-
Breadth of the beam assumed = 0.30m
Depth of the beam assumed = 0.50m
UDL on beam :-
Due to self weight of beam = 375.00Kg/m
Due to self weight of slab = 648.75Kg/m
Due to weight of retained earth = 2334.15Kg/m
3358Kg/m
Twisting moment on beam :-
Due to earth pressure = 1724.78Kgm
2.50m
After analysis,the bending moment diagram is
19.30Knm
9.67Knm
Factored bending moment Mu = 28.95Knm
Torsional Moment 'T' in KN-m 25.87Knm
Equivalent bending moment M
t
in KN-m 40.58Knm
Design Moment M
e1
in KN-m 69.53Knm
Effective depth required d = M
u
/0.138f
ck
b = 289.78mm
Over all depth provided = 500.00mm
Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d = 452.00mm
M
u
/bd
2
= 1.134
From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required = 0.34
Area of steel required = 461.04sqmm
Hence provide 3 Nos of 16mm dia HYSD bars both at top&bottom
Hence A
st
provided = 602.88sqmm
Percentage of tension steel = 0.44
Maximum shear force on the member = 46.40KN
Factored shear force = 69.60KN
Design shear force including equivalent shear due to torsion = 207.57KN
Nominal shear stress t
v
=V
u
/bd = 1.53 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
20 of 1S 456)
Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view
The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.45 N/sqmm Hence V
uc
= 61.02KN
V
us
= V
u
-V
uc
= 146.55KN
V
us
/d = 3.24 KN/cm
Using 8mm dia two legged vertical stirrups,from table 62 of SP 16,the spacing required is
However,from safety point of view,provide 8mm dia 2 legged stirrups @ 125mm c/c
2
DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL
300
9
0
0
750
830
3
0
0
5
0
0
400
150
1
9
5
0
3
5
0
0
9
7
.
3
1

2
4
.
7
7

8
3
0
<2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
<2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
<2.8 N/sqmm(As per Table
155mm
0.00
8mm bars@300mm c/c
10mm bars@300mm c/c
12mm bars@175mm c/c
8mm bars@200mm c/c
0.00m
0.15 0.30 0.15
1.80m
Beam size 0.375x0.50m
At bottom 10mm mat
Main steel:- 150mm c/c
4-16mm both at top
and bottom
Shear steel:-
8mm stirrups@110mm At top 10mm mat
c/c 150mm c/c
375mm DUR piles
DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
5 Nos--12mm dia main
6mm dia stirrups
at 300mm c/c
10mm bars@300mm c/c
8mm bars@200mm c/c
0.30m
1.75m
1.15m
DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
0.85m