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“Game with alphabets”
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Further study
31/11/2009

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Title: “Game with alphabets: Further study”

Guided by: Dr. Prof. Ajit Ghodke

(SIBACA, Lonavala)

Submitted Sr.n Name of student Roll no Division

by: o.
1 Pravin S Swamy 46 B
2 Gajanan R Kadam 22 B
3 Shrinivas L Bhatt 40 B
4 Shivaling Hanjige 42 B
5 Bhalchandra A 59 B
Gavali

Department of M.C.A
SIBACA, Lonavala
Session: 2008-2011
 We wish to thank our
teacher Dr. Prof. Ajit Ghodke for his valuable guidance
and encouragement in conducting this project. Also we
are thankful to the teaching and non teaching staff of
SIBACA Lonavala, for their cooperation and response in
data collection process.
 INDEX
SR.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO .

1 Introduction 1

2 Frequency 2
distribution of
X

3 Mean & Variance 3

of X

4 Fitting of 4, 5, 6
geometric
distribution

5 Testing the claim 7, 8, 9

6 Conclusion 10
 “GAME WITH ALPHABETS:
FURTHER STUDY”
1. Introduction:-

• On 31st November 2009, we played the following game with all the
faculty members of SIBACA.
• We prepare a set of alphabets from A to Z.
• We went to each faculty member; there were 33 faculty members who
helped us on the data collection process.
• A word “RANDOM” was chosen and each faculty member was asked to
pick a chit from the box containing the set of alphabets from A to Z.
• We noted down the number of draws needed to cancel one letter from
the word “RANDOM” using SRSWR method i.e. (Simple Random
Sampling With Replacement).

The above game can be viewed as a random experiment.

The random variable X under study denotes the no. of draws needed to
cancel one letter in the word random using SRSWR method.
 1

2. Frequency distribution of X:-

 The game played gave us the observations on the number of draws.

 From the collected data, the frequency distribution of no. of draws

needed to cancel one letter from the word “RANDOM” using with
replacement method is prepared and presented below:

Observe Observed
d (Xi) frequency
1 8
2 10
3 5
4 4
5 1
6 1
7 1
8 2
9 0
10 0
11 0
12 1
Total: 33

3. Mean and Variance of X:-

 Mean

= 3.1818
Mean = 3.1818

 Variance =

= (539) – (

= 16.3333 -10.1239
= 6.209335

Thus, observed mean < observed variance.

 3

4. Fitting of geometric distribution:-

Let us define
Success: Cancelling one letter from
the
word “RANDOM”.

Thus, probability of a success = p

p=

Here, the random variable X under study denotes the number of

draws needed to cancel one letter in the word “RANDOM” using
with replacement method (SRSWR).
 4

Claim:- The random variable X follows geometric

distribution with

Parameter: p=

p.m.f of geometric distribution is given by

p (x)=p[X=x]=

x=1, 2......,
12.

Recurrence relation of probability distribution is

Given by:
 =

Now,

And so on...

We fit the geometric distribution to the observed data:

 x p(x) Expected
freq.
[N .p(x)]
1 7.6153
0.230769 5.857995
2 4.50615
0.177515 3.466254
3 2.66633
0.136550 2.050104
4
0.105038
5
0.080798
6
0.062153
7 1.5773
0.047810
6
8 1.213641
0.036777
9 0.933537
0.028289
10 0.718146
0.021762
11 0.552396
0.0167393 9
12 0.424921
0.0128764 2

5. Testing the claim:- we use chi-square ( )- test of

goodness of fit to test the random variable X under study,
denotes the no. of draws needed to cancel one letter in the word
“RANDOM” using with replacement method.
 X Observ
Rounded ed
Oi
Er
1 8 8
2 6 10
3 4 5
4 3 4
5 3 1
Total number of 6 2 1
classes after pulling 7 2 1
is k=6. 8 1 2
9 1 0
10 1 0
11 1 0
12 1 1

To test the null hypothesis,

: The random variable X under study,

 denoting the number of draws needed to cancel any
letter in the word “RANDOM” using with replacement
method follows geometric distribution.

: The random variable X under study,

denoting the number of draws needed to cancel any
letter in the word “RANDOM” using with replacement method
does not follow geometric distribution.

Under ,

The test statistic is given by,

= -N
Now,
Calculated = -N

= 42.583332 - 33

Calculated = 9.58332

Tabulated value at 5% level of significance:

Tabulated value is given by =

 =

= 11.1

As calculated < tabulated

We accept the null hypothesis at 5 % level of

significance.

9
6.Conclusion: The random variable x under study, denotes the
number of draws needed to cancel any letter in the word
“RANDOM” using with replacement method (SRSWR) follows
geometric distribution.

10

Synopsis of” “Game with alphabets: Further study”

Topic name: “Game with alphabets: Further study”
Subject:”Research Methodology & Tools”
By: Pravin S Swamy
(Email - swamy_pravin@rediffmail.com)
Guided by: Dr. Prof. Ajit Ghodke
(SIBACA, Lonavala)

Introduction

On 31st October 2009, we played the following game with all the faculty
members of SIBACA.
We prepare a set of alphabets from A to Z.
We went to each faculty member; there were 33 faculty members who
helped us on the data collection process.
A word “RANDOM” was chosen and each faculty member was asked to pick a
chit from the box containing the set of alphabets from A to Z.
We noted down the number of draws needed to cancel one letter from the
word “RANDOM” using SRSWR method i.e. (Simple Random Sampling With
Replacement).

The above game can be viewed as a random experiment.

The random variable X under study denotes the no. of draws needed to
cancel one letter in the word random using SRSWR method.

Problem consideration

The data obtained from the above experiment is transformed into the frequency
distribution of the variable X and further mean and variance of X is calculated.
The above experiment can be viewed as a random experiment and it is observed
that the experiment tend to follow the geometric distribution because here we are
trying to stress on the number of failures needed to get a first success.
The assumption of geometric distribution is “Number of failures needed to get first
success”. So here we are claiming that the data obtained from the above
experiment follows geometric distribution.
To fit the observed frequency into geometric distribution we defined p:
Probability of success and q: Probability of failure.
The data is fit into the geometric distribution and expected frequencies are
calculated.
Possible Solution

To prove that the random variable X under study, denoting the number of draws needed to cancel
any letter in the word “RANDOM” using with replacement method follows geometric
distribution.
We used chi-square test of goodness of fit. This is a very reliable and widely used method to fit
any data to the desired distribution.
The tabulated and calculated values at 5% level of significance using chi-square test are
compared and the conclusion is obtained.

Conclusion:

The random variable x under study, denotes the number of draws needed to cancel
any letter in the word “RANDOM” using with replacement method (SRSWR) follows
geometric distribution.

Resources:

Research Methodology Methods & Techniques

- C.R.Kothari,
New Age International
Statistical Methods
- S.P.Gupta,
Sultan Chand, NewDelhi
Introduction to Quantitative Research Methods
- Mark Balnaves and Peter Caputi,
Sage Publications