Name _________________________ Perm # ________________________

MCDB 1A Midterm Examination I July 6, 2010

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READ ALL QUESTIONS THOROUGHLY, IN ALL CASES, PICK THE BEST ANSWER

40 QUESTIONS 3 POINTS EACH


1. Which of the following statements on intermediate filaments is WRONG?
A. They are connected to desmosomes.
B. Nuclear lamins are an example of intermediate filaments.
C. There are more then 50 different kinds of intermediate filaments.
D. They provide great tensile strength.
E. Each filament is made up of nine thinner strands.

2. Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?
A. Golgi apparatus
B. lysosome
C. endoplasmic reticulum
D. chromoplast
E. peroxisome

3. The plasma membrane of animals contains carbohydrates
A. on the inner side of the membrane, facing the cytosol.
B. on the outer side of the membrane, protruding into the environment.
C. on both sides of the membrane.
D. on neither side of the membrane.
E. within the membrane.

4. Which of the following statements on nuclear pores is FALSE?
A. It is freely permeable to ions.
B. The nuclear localization signal binds to receptor proteins at the pore.
C. It is lined by eight protein complexes.
D. The inner and outer nuclear membranes meet here.
E. All molecules entering the nucleus require a nuclear localization signal.

5. Match the terms on the left with those on the right.
1. actin s. nucleur lamina
2. intermediate filaments t. cilia
3. tubulin u. focal adhesion
4.collagen v. extra cellular matrix
A. 1t, 2s, 3v, 4u
B. 1t, 2u, 3v, 4s
C. 1u, 2t, 3s, 4v
D. 1u, 2s, 3t, 4v
E. 1v, 2t, 3u, 4s

6. Which of the following statements on the cell cycle is FALSE?
A. An activated retinoblastoma protein blocks progress from G
0
to G
1
.
B. Cyclin D-cdk 4 inactivates the retinoblastoma protein.
C. Cyclins are present at all times of the cell cycle and activated by cdks.
D. Once the restriction point is passed the cell is committed to cell division.
E. Cyclin-cdk complexes act as kinases to modify proteins and progress through the cell cycle.

7. Which of the following is NOT one of the functional roles of membrane proteins?
A. Allowing movement of molecules that otherwise would be excluded by the lipid
components of the membrane
B. Transferring signals from outside the cell to inside the cell
C. Maintaining the shape of the cell
D. Facilitating the transport of macromolecules across the membrane
E. influencing the fluidity of membranes

8. Which of the following processes is not endocytosis?
A. RME
B. phagocytosis
C. ER to Golgi vesicle transport
D. clathrin coated vesicles
E. pinocytosis

9. Which of the following represents the correct pathway for the synthesis and secretion of
insulin, a protein secreted by the cells of the pancreas?
A. Rough ER, cis Golgi, trans Golgi, plasma membrane
B. Golgi apparatus, rough ER, lysosome, plasma membrane
C. Rough ER, Lysosome, vesicle, plasma membrane
D. Coated vesicle, lysosome, Golgi, plasma membrane
E. Smooth ER, rough ER, Golgi, plasma membrane

10. During oogenesis, the first largest haploid germ cell produced is the
A. secondary oocyte
B. oogonium
C. ootid
D. primary oocyte
E. polar body
11. Which of the following is NOT part of the extracellular matrix?
A. collagen
B. actin filament
C. proteoglycan
D. fibronectin
E. elastin

12. Which of the following is NOT a function of smooth ER?
A. Synthesis of lipids and steroids.
B. Glycosylation of proteins and lipids.
C. Degradation of glycogen.
D. Chemical modification of drugs and pesticides for easier removal.
E. They are all functions of the smooth ER.

13. Which of the following is NOT evidence that organelles with double membranes arose by
endosymbiosis?
A. They contain their own ribosomes.
B. They contain their own DNA.
C. These organelles are the same size as prokaryotes.
D. They can carry out energy conversions.
E. They are all valid evidences.

14. Which statement about prokaryotes is FALSE.
A. They have no chloroplast and cannot carryout photosynthesis.
B. They cannot undergo mitosis.
C. Their flagella are embedded in the plasma membrane.
D. They have only 1 single circular DNA.
E. They have ribosomes.

15. Which statement about microscopes is TRUE?
A. Phase contrast microscopy enhances the differences in reflective index to increase contrast.
B. Differential interference-contrast microscopy uses two beams of polarized light.
C. Electron microscopes use glass lenses to focus beams of electrons.
D. Electron microscopes have lower resolution than light microscopes.
E. In fluorescence microscopy, the fluorophore emits light at a shorter wavelength than the
excitation light.

16. Under which of the following conditions would you expect to find a cell with a
predominance of free ribosomes?
A. a cell that is secreting proteins
B. a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
C. a cell that is constructing its cell wall or extracellular matrix
D. a cell that is digesting food particles
E. a cell that is enlarging its vacuole



17. Which part of the cytoskeleton is responsible for chromosome movements during cell
division?
A. actin filaments
B. microtubules
C. intermediate filaments
D. collagen
E. keratins

18. Match the terms on the left with those on the right.
1. centriole s. nucleus
2. grana t. mitochondria
3. matrix u. chloroplast
4. nucleoplasm v. microtubule
A. 1s, 2t, 3v, 4u
B. 1t, 2u, 3v, 4s
C. 1u, 2t, 3s, 4v
D. 1v, 2u, 3t, 4s
E. 1v, 2t, 3u, 4s

19. The cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk4
A. is only synthesized during the G1 phase of the cell cycle
B. is inactivated by the p21 tumor suppressor protein
C. is active all the time.
D. phosphorylates RB and activates it.
E. controls entry into S phase and DNA synthesis.

20. Which statement is INCORRECT about microfilaments in eukaryotic cells?
A. The contractile ring in animal cells contain microfilaments
B. Microfilaments are made of actin
C. The flagellum and cilia are composed of microfilaments
D. The acrosomal process of a sperm cell is made of microfilaments
E. Microvilli are supported by microfilaments

21. Which of the following statements regarding oogenesis is INCORRECT?
A. The first polar body is the product of meiosis I.
B. Crossing over occurs during prophase of meiosis I.
C. The first polar body eventually degrades.
D. The primary oocyte is haploid.
E. In many animals there is a long developmental arrest at prophase I

22. In meiosis II,
A. a diploid parent cell divides to form two haploid daughter cells.
B. the number of chromosomes is halved.
C. chiasmata form between non sister chromatids.
D. crossing over occurs between the homologous chromosomes.
E. all the statements are false.



23. Which of the following statements about blocks to polyspermy in sea urchins is FALSE?
A. Blocks to polyspermy are triggered by fusion of the plasma membranes of the sperm and
egg and entry of the sperm into the egg.
B. Blocks to polyspermy prevent more than one sperm from entering an egg.
C. The fast block causes release of the acrosomal enzymes.
D. The fast block results from a change in electric-charge difference across the plasma
membrane of the egg.
E. All the statements are true.

24. Match the terms on the left with those on the right.
1. centriole s. connects the sister chromatids together
2. centromere t. site on chromatid that binds microtubules
3. centrosome u. hollow tube of 9 triplets of microtubules
4. kinetochore v. determines the plane of cell division
A. 1u, 2s, 3v, 4t
B. 1s, 2u, 3t, 4v
C. 1s, 2v, 3u, 4t
D. 1u, 2s, 3t, 4v
E. 1v, 2u, 3s, 4t

25. Tay Sachs disease is caused by
A. non functional lysosomal enzyme.
B. the absence of a receptor required for receptor mediated endocytosis
C. nondisjunction during meiosis 1
D. defective peroxisomes
E. aneuploidy

26. What is the major distinction between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?
A. A prokaryotic cell cannot carry out photosynthesis, whereas a eukaryotic cell can.
B. A prokaryotic cell does not have ribosomes, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
C. A prokaryotic cell does not have flagella, whereas a eukaryotic cell does.
D. Prokaryotic cells have not prospered, whereas eukaryotic cells are evolutionary successes.
E. All the statements are false.

27. Which of the following are in the correct order of their development?
A. primary spermatocyte, spermatogonium, spermatid, sperm cells
B. spermatogonium, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, germ cell
C. germ cell, spermatocyte, spermatogonium, spermatid
D. oogonium, secondary oocyte, ootid, ovum
E. germ cell, ootid, oocyte, ovum

28. The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell
A. can be increased by increasing the volume of the cell.
B. can be decreased by decreasing the surface area.
C. explains why cells are small.
D. the ratio increases as the cell grows bigger.
E. None of the above
29. Match the terms on the left with those on the right.
1. active transport s. stimulus dependent
2. simple diffusion t. no protein required
3. facilitated diffusion u. down a concentration gradient
4. gated channels v. symport
A. 1v, 2u, 3s, 4t
B. 1s, 2u, 3t, 4v
C. 1s, 2t, 3u, 4v
D. 1u, 2s, 3t, 4v
E. 1v, 2t, 3u, 4s

30. Which one of the following is mis-matched?
A. RB protein phosphorylated by Cdk4/CyclinD during G0 to activate the cell cycle
B. lysosomes specialized structures in some bacteria that degrade proteins and lipids
C. rough endoplasmic reticulumsites where proteins are made that are destined for
the Golgi complex
D. chiasma the point of crossing over between chromatids of a homologous pair
of chromosomes
E. karyotype a display of all of the chromosomes of a eukaryotic organism

31. Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea
A. have nuclei.
B. have chloroplasts.
C. are multicellular.
D. are prokaryotes.
E. have flagella.

32. The acrosomal reaction
A. helps the sperm penetrate the jelly coat and fuse with the egg
B. creates the fast block to polyspermy
C. involves the rapid formation of a cable-like structure composed of intermediate
filament proteins
D. is required for formation of the zygote nucleus inside the egg
E. occurs inside the egg at the end of fertilization

33. A general function of all cellular membranes is to
A. regulate which materials can cross the membrane.
B. support the cell and determine its shape.
C. produce energy for the cell.
D. produce proteins for the cell.
E. move the cell.

34. Which of the following is the correct order of the structures through which sperm pass from
the time they are produced to ejaculation?
A. seminiferous tubules, epididymus, Leydig cells, urethra
B. epididymus, sertoli cells, urethra, vas deferens
C. vas deferens, seminiferous tubules, epididymus, urethra
D. seminiferous tubules, urethra, vas deferens, epididymus
E. seminiferous tubules, epididymus, vas deferens, urethra

35. Human germ cell resulting from the first meiotic division has _______chromosomes and
_________chromatids and the second meiotic division results in ______ chromosomes and
_________chromatids.
A. 46, 46, 23, 23
B. 23, 46, 23, 23
C. 23, 46, 23, 46
D. 46, 23, 46, 23
E. 46, 23, 23, 46

36. Ribosomes are not visible under a light microscope, but they can be seen with an electron
microscope because
A. all molecules are made of atoms containing electrons.
B. electron microscopes focus light with magnets.
C. electron microscopes have more resolving power than light microscopes.
D. electrons have such high energy that they pass through biological samples.
E. living cells can be observed under the electron microscope.

37. If you removed the pili from a bacterial cell, the bacterium would
A. no longer be able to swim.
B. lose some of its ability to exchange genetic material with other cells.
C. no longer be able to regulate the movement of molecules into and out of the cell.
D. dry out.
E. change its shape.

38. Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is true?
A. It contains pores for the passage of large molecules.
B. It contains ribosomes on the inner surface.
C. It is composed of two membranes.
D. It is continuous with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
E. Both A and C

39. Which of the following statements regarding crossing over is correct?
A. Crossing over usually occurs between chromatids of non-homologous chromosomes
B. Crossing over in humans usually occurs during prophase of mitosis
C. Crossing over occurs at visible regions of the chromosomes called chiasmata
D. Crossing over generates recombinant chromatids between sister chromatids
E. Crossing over generates 4 recombinant chromatids in a tetrad.

40. Chromosome movement in mitosis during anaphase A involves
A. shortening of microtubule minus ends at the kinetochores
B. elongation of the microtubules that are attached to the kinetochores
C. microtubule motors that push the two poles apart
D. shortening of microtubules which are tethered at their plus ends to the kinetochores
E. all of the above.







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