Gladys Ericka Galang May 5, 2014

Rae Angelei Regalado May 5, 2014

Group 6
Experiment 7
Catalytic Effect of Polyphenol Oxidase on Different Cathecol Concentrations

Results and Discussions
This experiment aimed to study the kinetic activity
of polyphenol oxidase extracted from banana on
catechol solution and to assess the type of inhibition
of benzoic acid on the enzyme.
Polyphenol oxidase was extracted from 250 g of
banana by blending and addition of 0.1 M phosphate
buffer pH 7. The crude extract was filtered and
centrifuged to obtain the polyphenol oxidase used in
the experiment. The bananas were placed in ice
baths during the period of extraction to prevent
oxidation of the enzyme.
Four concentrations of cathecol solutions were
prepared from the 10 mM stock solution: 4.8 mM,
1.2 mM, 0.6 mM and 0.3 mM. To each solution, 1
mL of the sample extract was added and was read at
420 nm against a blank solution of a mixture of 1
mL of the extract and 2 mL phosphate buffer.
The same amounts of concentration of the catechol
solution were used to measure the inhibitory effect
of benzoic acid. To each of the solution, 1 mL of 0.3
mM benzoic acid was added. The absorbance of the
solution was read at 420 nm against a fresh blank
solution.
UV-Vis spectrophometry used to measure the
change in the absorbance of the reaction. Initially,
the reactants have a specific absorbance that is read
at 420 nm. As the reaction goes on and the substrate
is consumed, there is a change of absorbance of the
reaction. Beer-Lamberts Law states that the change
in absorbance of reactant or product is proportional
to the change in concentration of that species during
the reaction. (Boyer, 2000)
The following graph is the plot of the absorbance of
the solutions with different cathecol concentrations
labelled A-D respectively.


Fig 1. Absorbance vs Time Plot without inhibitor
The following graph shows the plot of the
absorbance versus the time of the solutions with the
addition of benzoic acid as an inhibitor.

Figure 2. Absorbance vs Time Plot with Inhibitor
The Michaelis-Menten was used to further analyse
the data gathered.

0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
10 110 210
A
b
s
o
r
b
a
n
c
e

Time
A
B
C
D
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
10 110 210
A
b
s
o
r
b
a
n
c
e

Time
A
B
C
D
The following table is the summary of the initial
velocities of the reactions read, among other data
calculated from the graph:
Table 1. Summary of Data Calculated
Conc Inhibited Uninhibited
4.8 0.0011 0.0011
1.2 0.0004 0.0002
0.6 0.0003 0.0001
0.3 0.0002 7x10^-5

The initial velocity is the slope of the first lines
plotted with a linear regression of 1. Plotting the
initial velocity against the concentration of the
substrate, we have the following graph:

Figure 2. Michaelis-Menten graph
The theoretical graph of the Michaelis-Menten
equation is a sigmoidal graph. The graph from the
experiment can help us conclude that the substrate
concentration did not reach the maximum amount to
reach the V
max
in the experiment.
There are methods to linearize the Michaelis-
Menten equation for better quantification of the V
max

and K
m
. These are the Lineweaver-Burke equation,
the Eadie-Hosftee plot and the Hanes-Woolf plot.
The Lineweaver Burk equation is the graph of the
velocity of the reaction versus the concentration of
the substrate. This equation is derived using the
double reciprocal of the Michaelis-Menten equation.

Figure 3. Lineweaver-Burk equation
The Lineweaver-Burk plot of the transformed data is
is one of the most influenced plots for studying the
effects of inhibitors on enzymes with the easiest
transformation. (http://academic.pgcc.edu/, 20) A
disadvantage of this plot is that most experimental
measurements involve relatively high [S] and are
therefore crowded onto the left side of the graph.
Furthermore, for small values of [S], small errors in
V
o
lead to large errors in 1/V
o
and hence to large
errors in K
m
and V
max
. (Voet, 2011)
The graph of the uninhibited solutions gives us a K
m
value of 3.42 and a V
max
of 8.16x10
-4
s
-1
. The graph
of the inhibited solutions however gives us a K
m
1.14 of and a V
max
of 9.26x10
-4
s
-
. We cannot
conclude the type of inhibition according to this
graph because both the V
max
and the K
m
values rose.
The Eadie-Hosftee equation is the plot of the V
o

against the V
o
/[S] given by the Michaelis-Menten
equation rearranged into:

y = 0.0002x + 0.0002
R = 0.9983
y = 0.0002x - 4E-05
R = 0.9952
0
0.0002
0.0004
0.0006
0.0008
0.001
0.0012
0 2 4 6
V
o

[S]
w/o
BA
BA
y = 1228.6x + 1079.9
R = 0.9527
y = 4187.2x + 1224.3
R = 0.9458
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 1 2 3 4
1

/

V

1 / [S]
w/o
BA
BA

Figure 4. Eadie-Hostee plot of the uninhibited
solutions
This graph gives us a K
m
, which is the negative of
the slope of the graph, of 0.3917 and a V
max
of
0.0006.

Figure 5. Eadie-Hosftee graph of the inhibited
solutions
This graph of the inhibited solutions gives us a K
m

of -0.0358 and a V
max
of 0.0002. We can conclude
that the type of inhibition according to this graph is
uncompetitive inhibition.
Ideally, the Eadie-Hosftee equation gives a line that
is sloping downward. Errors might be encountered
to result to a very different kind of graph.
The Hanes-Woolf equation is the plot of [S]/v
against [S] given by the equation:

Figure 6. Hanes-Woolf graph of both the
uninhibited and inhibited solutions
The Hanes-Woolf graph gives a line with a positive
slope. The experimental data of the inhibited
solutions however shows otherwise. The K
m
and
V
max
values of the inhibited and the uninhibited
solutions respectively are 1.74x10
-3
, -5.03x10
-3
and
1x10
-6
s
-1
, -9.14x10
-7
s
-1
. The type on inhibition
according to this graph is noncompetitive mixed.
Considering the differences in the experimental and
the theoretical values of the graphs and different
conclusions with regards to the type of inhibition, it
can be concluded that there are errors in the data
collected, due to different factors such as errors in
preparation of the sample, the oxidation of the
sample, errors in placing the sample in the
spectrophotometer, among others.
References:
Voet, D. et al., 2011, Biochemistry,
Courier/Kendallville
Boyer, R., 2000 Biochemistry, Benjamin
Cummings
http://academic.pgcc.edu/~ssinex/excelets/enzyme
_kinetics.pdf
y = -0.3917x + 0.0006
R = 0.6937
0
0.0001
0.0002
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0006
0.0007
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012
V

V/[S]
y = 0.0358x + 0.0002
R = 0.2223
0
0.00005
0.0001
0.00015
0.0002
0.00025
0 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.001 0.0012
V

V/[S]
y = 572.3x + 1728.7
R = 0.8914
y = -198.73x + 5505.1
R = 0.1831
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
0 2 4 6
[
S
]
/
V

[S]
w/o
BA
BA