Punched tape
Punched tape
or
perforated paper tape
is a form of data storage, consisting of a long strip of
paper in which holes are punched to store data. Now effectively obsolete, it was widely used during much of the twentieth century for teleprinter communication, for input to computers of the
1950s and 1960s, and later as a storage medium for minicomputers and CNCmachine tools.
Magnetic tape
Magnetic tape
is a medium for magnetic recording, made of a thin magnetizable coating on a
long, narrow strip of plastic film. It was developed in Germany, based on magnetic wire
recorders and video tape recorders. A device that stores computer data on magnetic tape is
a tape drive (tape unit, streamer).
Magnetic tape revolutionized broadcast and recording. When all radio was live, it allowed
programming to be recorded. At a time whengramophone records were recorded in one take, it
allowed recordings to be made in multiple parts, which were then mixed and edited with tolerable loss in quality. It is a key technology in early computer development, allowing unparalleled amounts of data to be mechanically created, stored for long periods, and to be rapidly accessed. Nowadays other technologies can perform the functions of magnetic tape. In many cases these technologies are replacing tape. Despite this, innovation in the technology continues and tape is still used.
Over years, magnetic tape can suffer from deterioration called sticky-shed syndrome. Caused
by absorption of moisture into the binder of the tape, it can render the tape unusable.
Floppy disk
flexible magnetic storage medium, sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric that
removes dust particles. Floppy disks are read and written by a
floppy disk drive
(FDD). Floppy disks, initially as 8-inch (200 mm) media and later in 5¼-inch (133 mm) and 3½-inch (90 mm) sizes, were a ubiquitous form of data storage and exchange from the mid-1970s well into the 2000s.
By 2010, computer motherboards were rarely manufactured with floppy drive support; 3½-inch
such as USB flash drives, portable external hard disk drives, optical discs, memory
Compact disc
developed to store and play back sound recordings only (CD-DA), but was later adapted for
storage of data (CD-ROM). Several other formats were further derived from these, including
write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD-RW), Video Compact Disc
(VCD), Super Video Compact Disc (SVCD), Photo CD, PictureCD, CD-i, and Enhanced Music
CD. Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982.
Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or 700 MiB(actually about 703 MiB or 737 MB) of data. The Mini
CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4 to 3.1 in); they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio or delivering device drivers.
At the time of the technology's introduction it had much greater capacity than computer hard drives common at the time. The reverse is now true, with hard drives far exceeding the capacity of CDs. In 2004, worldwide sales of CD audio, CD-ROM, and CD-R reached about 30 billion discs. By 2007, 200 billion CDs had been sold worldwide.
replaced or supplemented by other forms of digital distribution and storage, such as downloading and flash drives, with audio CD sales dropping nearly 50% from their peak in
2000.
hard disk drive
A
hard disk drive
(
HDD
is a data storage device used for storing and
retrieving digital information using rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic
material.
An HDD retains its data even when powered off. Data is read in a random-
access manner, meaning individual blocks of data can be stored or retrieved in any order
rather than sequentially. An HDD consists of one or more rigid ("hard") rapidly rotating disks
(platters) with magnetic heads arranged on a moving actuator arm to read and write data to the
surfaces.
Usb drive
A
USB flash drive
is a data storage device that includes flash memory with an
integrated Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and
rewritable, and physically much smaller than an optical disc. Most weigh less than 30 grams
(1.1 oz).
terabyte (TB) drive was unveiled at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show and became
available later that year .
Storage capacities as large as 2 TB are planned, with steady improvements in size and price per capacity expected.
Some allow up to 100,000 write/erase cycles, depending on the exact type of memory chip used, and a 10-year shelf storage time
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