UPC

1
Notes on
Matrix Converters
+
-
LOAD LOAD LOAD
V
B
V
A
V
C
V
a
V
b
V
c
V
I
CECA Convertidors Esttics de Corrent Altern
Dr. Antoni Arias
UPC
2
Matrix Concept
AC / AC direct electrical power conversion
M X N , inputs & outputs. Figure corresponds to the 3 X 3
Variable frequency and variable voltage
Bi-directional
switch
SAc
T2
D2
T1
D1
UPC
3
Fundamentals
There are 2^9 (512) possible combinations
Each output phase can be connected to any input phase
There are several constraints:
Avoid line to line input short circuit
Avoid open circuits with inductive currents
U
a
U U
U
C
U
B
U
A
b c
i
c
i
b
i
a
S
Aa
S
Ab
S
Ac
S
Ba
S
Bb
S
Bc
S
Ca
S
Cb
S
Cc
i
A
i
B
i
C
| |
(
(
(

=
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
t S t S t S
t S t S t S
t S t S t S
T
Cc Bc Ac
Cb Bb Ab
Ca Ba Aa
{ }
{ } c b a o
C B A i
closed
open
t S
io
, ,
, ,
, 0
, 1
) (
=
=

=
1 ) ( ) ( ) ( = + + t S t S t S
Co Bo Ao
Switching function:
Transfer Matrix:
UPC
4
Model
U
a
U U
U
C
U
B
U
A
b c
i
c
i
b
i
a
S
Aa
S
Ab
S
Ac
S
Ba
S
Bb
S
Bc
S
Ca
S
Cb
S
Cc
i
A
i
B
i
C
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

) (
) (
) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) ( ) ( ) (
) (
) (
) (
t i
t i
t i
t S t S t S
t S t S t S
t S t S t S
t i
t i
t i
t U
t U
t U
t S t S t S
t S t S t S
t S t S t S
t U
t U
t U
c
b
a
Cc Cb Ca
Bc Bb Ba
Ac Ab Aa
C
B
A
CN
BN
AN
Cc Bc Ac
Cb Bb Ab
Ca Ba Aa
cN
bN
aN
| | | |
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
t i
t i
t i
t i
t i
t i
t i
t i
C
B
A
i
c
b
a
o
| | | | | | | | | | | | ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( t i T t i t U T t U
o
T
i iN oN
= =
| | | |
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

=
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
) (
t U
t U
t U
t U
t U
t U
t U
t U
CN
BN
AN
iN
cN
bN
aN
oN
{ } { } c b a o C B A i , , , , = =
UPC
5
Features
Direct AC / AC Conversion. No DC Link: all silicon solution
Less bulky (compact motor drives)
Safer (hostile environments: aircraft, submarine)
Bidirectional power flow. 4 quadrant converter
No restriction on input and output frequency within limits
imposed by switching frequency
Sinusoidal input and output
currents waveforms
9 bidirectional switches.
(18 IGBT + 18 Diodes)
Output voltage limited to 86.6%
(cos30) of input voltage

i
n
p
u
t

v
o
l
t
a
g
e
s


(

V

)
U
C
U
B
U
A
U
AC U
BC
U
BA U
CA U
CB
U
AB
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 input sector
UPC
6
Applications
Standard:
Wind/Water Force Machines (blowers, boilers, incinerators),
pumps, and general Industrial Machines.
Specific Applications:
Compact or Integrated Motor Drives
Motor Drives for hostile environments (aircrafts,
submarines)
AC/AC Power Conversions: wind energy, variable speed
drives...
Still a topic of research