Cell Reselection ----No dedicated physical channels

Cell reselection is the process of selecting a new cell when the UE is not
operating on a dedicated channel.
UTRAN provides parameters to control reselection, bt the UE changes cells
atonomosly.
!andover---"edicated physical channels
!andover is the process of adding or removing cells with which the UE is
commnicating on a dedicated channel.
UE and UTRAN procedre that allows the UE to change from one cell to
another, while the UE has dedicated radio resorces allocated to it.
UE provides measrements to UTRAN and UTRAN commands UE to perform a
handover.
Types of cell reselection and !andover
#ntra fre$ency
%ithin the same U&T' fre$ency( cell reselection or handover occrs
between cells on the same fre$ency.
#nter-fre$ency
)etween different U&T' fre$encies( cell reselection or handover occrs
between cells on different radio fre$encies.
#nter-RAT
)etween different radio access technologies *+, to -,.( cell reselection or
handover occrs between cells on different Radio Access Technologies.
Cell Reselection Criteria
/ measrement(
"etermines the $ality of the cell
Used in ' and R comptations
0or %C"&A cells( C1#C! R'C1 and C1#C! Ec2No
0or ,'& cells( ,'& R3 level
' criteria(
"etermines whether the cell is 'itable for camping.
R criteria(
"etermines the Ran4ing of the cell relative to other neighbor cells and
serving cell.
"ring cell reselection, the UE ta4es measrements of neighbor cells provided in
'#) 55 or 5-, along with the serving cell. 0or each cell, the ' and R criteria are
compted. #f the cell is sitable, as a fnction of the ' criteria and the other
characteristics of the cell, the cell is ran4ed against all other sitable cells.
#f a cell other than the crrent serving cell is the highest ran4ed cell, then that cell
is chosen for cell reselection.
The ' criteria is sed to determine whether the cell is sitable. 0or the serving cell
and each neighbor cell, the UE is given the following parameters(
qRxLevMin: Minimum CPICH RSCP for the cell to be suitable
qQualMin: Minimum CPICH Ec/o for the cell to be suitable
qRxLevMin: !""# to !$# %&m' !""# %&m
qQualMin: !$( to ) %&' !"* %&
CPICH+Ec/o,,,measure% b- .E / Qqualmeas
CPICH+Ec/o 0 qQualMin
CPICH+Ec/o 0 !"* %&
CPICH+RSCP 0qRxLevMin 0 !""# %&m
1efinition of Ran2in3 Criteria for servin3 cell:
Rs / Qmeas' s 4 Qh-sts
1efinition of Ran2in3 criteria for nei3hbor cels:
Rn /Qmeas' n 5 Qoffsets' n
6he R criteria is use% to ran2 suitable nei3hbor cells an% the servin3 cell to
%etermine if there is a better cell than the servin3 cell7 8or the servin3 cell'
the .E is 3iven the follo9in3 :arameters:
Qh-st"/ H-steresis a::lie% to the servin3 cell on CPICH RSCP
measurements7
Qh-st$ / H-steresis a::lie% to the servin3 cell on CPICH Ec/o
measurements7
8or each nei3hbor cell' the .E is 3iven the follo9in3 :arameters:
Qoffset "/ offset a::lie% to the nei3hbor cell on CPICH RSCP
measurements7
Qoffset $ / offset a::le% to the nei3hbor cell on CPICH Ec/o
measurements7
Cell Reselection! 9hat to measure
;e are usin3 threshol%s to control intra!frequenc-' inter!frequenc-
an% inter!R<6 cell measurements' 9here the threshol% for intra!
frequenc- cell reselection is the hi3hest an% the threshol% for inter!
R<6 is the lo9est7 6he exact or%er of the search coul% be chan3e% if
the relative levels of the threshol%s are chane%7
Sintrasearch: s:ecifies the threshol% =in %&> for intra
frequenc- measurements
Sintersearch: s:ecifies the threshol% for inter frequenc-
measurements
Ssearch'R<6 : s:ecifies the threshol% for inter!R<6
measurements7
Squal is compared to different thresholds broadcast in the 'ystem #nformation to
determine which 4ind of measrement *intra-fre$ency, inter-fre$ency and inter-
RAT. the UE shall do.
Note( '$al is defined by Squal 6 /$almeas 7 qQualMin
Intra-frequency measurements
Squal is compared with the parameter sIntraSearch:
? #f Squal 8 sIntraSearch, the UE does not perform intra-fre$ency
measrements.
? #f Squal @ sIntraSearch, the UE performs intra-fre$ency measrements.
? #f sIntraSearch is not sent for the serving cell, the UE performs intra-
fre$ency measrements.
Inter-frequency measurements
Squal is compared with the parameter sInterSearch:
? #f Squal 8 sInterSearch, the UE does not perform inter-fre$ency
measrements.
? #f Squal @ sInterSearch, the UE performs inter-fre$ency measrements.
? #f sInterSearch is not sent for the serving cell, the UE performs inter-
fre$ency measrements.
Inter RAT measurements
Squal is compared with the parameter sSearchRatGsm:
? #f Squal 8 sSearchRatGsm, the UE does not perform measrements on
,'& cells.
? #f Squal @ sSearchRatGsm, the UE performs measrements on ,'& cells.
? #f sSearchRatGsm is not sent for the serving cell, the UE performs
measrements on ,'& cells.
3.6.1 First Ranking
Among the ,'& and 0"" Cells verifying ' criterion, UE shall perform ran4ing
according to ran4ing R criterion, as specified above.
#n a first step, the mobile shall always consider the C1#C! R'C1 2 R39ev
measrement and associated set of parameters *qHyst1, qOffset1sn.(
.'erving Cell( Rs 6 C1#C!:R'C1 ; qHyst1
.Eligible 0"" Neighbor cell.( RnFDD 6 C1#C!:R'C1 7 qOffset1sn
.Eligible ,'& Neighbor cell.( RnS! 6 R39ev 7 qOffset1sn
3.6." Secon# Ranking
#n case an 0"" cell is ran4ed as the best cell according to the first ran4ing, a
second ran4ing of the 0"" cells is applied at the C1#C! E&C&2N&<& case
with the associated set of parameters
*qHyst2, qOffset2sn.(
.'erving Cell.( Rs 6 C1#C!:Ec2No ; qHyst2
.Eligible 0"" Neighbor cell.( RnFDD 6 C1#C!:Ec2No 7 qOffset2sn
If is Squal$ Sintrasearc%&&&..no&& Do not nee# to measure any cells
'es&&&..!easure Intra freq.cells
If is Squal $ Sintersearc%&&.No&.!easure intra freq. cells
'es&&measure intra an# inter freq. cells
If Squal $ Ssearc%(RAT&&&&.no measure intra an# inter freq. cells.
'es
Searc% intra-freq( inter-freq an# inter RAT cells.
)ategories of cells
1. Acti*e set
)ells for +%ic% a ra#io link is esta,lis%e# ,et+een -. an#
-TRAN
-. is in soft or softer /an#o*er +it% all cells in t%e acti*e
set
". monitore# set0neig%,or1
-TRAN 2ro*i#es t%e monitore# set cells 0also calle# neig%,or list1
!ost likely can#i#ates for soft %an#o*er
3. #etecte# set
All ot%er cells +%ic% -. %as #etecte# an# measure#
3ossi,le %an#o*er can#i#ates
The UE 4eeps trac4 of three sets of cells( A, & and ".
Active set( ma3( + *5 to =.
Neighbor set( ma3 +-
%hile measring active and monitored set cells, the UE may find a cell that
is in neither of those sets. This cell then becomes a member of the detected
set. The UE may report one a detected set cell, casing UTRAN to adda that
cell to either the monitored or active set.
1arameters for event triggered reporting(
Events as a fnction of the measrement type
#ntra- fre$ency( Events 5a to 5f
#nter-fre$ency( events -a to -f
#nter-RAT( events +a to +d
Time to Trigger( #nterval between even detection and report sent.
'oft !< algorithm(
#ntra-0re$ency Reporting events(
Event 5a 6 add to active
Event 5b6 drop from active
Event 5c 6 'wap * only when active set is fll.
Event 5d 6 'elect only one >stronger one.
Event 5e 6 &ove to monitored set from detected set
Event 5f 6 Remove from monitored set
#nter-0re$ency Reporting events(
Event -a 6 'elect a best fre$ency
Event -b6 the estimated $ality of the crrently sed fre$ency is
below a certain threshold and the estimated $ality of a non sed
fre$ency is above a certain threshold
Event -c 6 the estimated $ality of a non sed fre$ency is above
certain threshold
Event -d 6 the estimated $ality of the crrently sed fre$ency is
below a certain threshold
Event -e 6 the estimated $ality of a non sed fre$ency is below a
certain threshold
Event -f 6 the estimated $ality of the crrently sed fre$ency is
above a certain threshold
#nter-RAT Reporting events(
Event +a 6 the estimated $ality of the crrently sed UTRAN
fre$ency is below a certain threshold and the estimated $ality
of the other system is above a certain threshold
Event +b6 the estimated $ality of the other system is below a
certain threshold.
Event +c 6 the estimated $ality of the other system is above a
certain threshold
Event +d 6 Change of best cell in other system
'#) 5( Core networ4 info. Timers and constants *UEs.
E3ample( T+??, T+?@, N+??
'#) -( URA identities
'#) type - contains a list of p to A URA indenties that are valid in the
crrent cell.
'#) + and '#) B( Cell reselection parameters
'#)+Csed when the UE is in the idle mode
'#)BCConnected mode
'#) D and '#) =
1CC1C!, 'CC1C!, 1RAC!
'#) D..idle mode
'#)..connected mode
EE ( Transport format set, transport channel combination set
'0, Code nmber, timing offset, nmber of preamble cycles, paging
indicator per frame
'#)@( fast changing parameters
U9 interference
'#)55 and '#)5-(
#ntra fre$ency measrements
#nter fre$ency measrements
#nter RAT fre$ency measrements
Traffic volme measrements
'#) 55F. #dle mode
'#) 5-F..Connected mode
'#)5A ( 19&' info.
19&N #"s of intra-fre$ neighbors
19&N #"s of inter-fre$ neighbors
19&N #"s of inter-RAT neighbors
3AIN !.)/ANIS!S
3.1 DR4 )ycle
%hen camping normally on a cell, the UE 4eeps on monitoring the paging
channel. #n order to save some energy, a discontinos reception mode
*"RE. is sed.
The "RE cycle defined as the individal time interval between monitoring
1aging <ccasion for a specific UE. The UE needs only to monitor one 1age
#ndicator *1#. in one 1aging <ccasion per "RE cycle.
The "RE cycle length is defined as &AEG-
4
, 1)1H, where(
? 1)1 is the 1aging )loc4 1eriodicity and has the fi3ed vale of 5 in U&T'-
0"".
? 4 is an integer and can be specific by Core Networ4 domain
&AEG-
4
, 1)1H,6 &AEG-
=
, 5H,6 -
=
6 =B 3 5?ms 6 =B? ms6 ?.=B sec
RA)/ 3R.A!56.S AND AI)/ TRANS!ISSI7NS
8.1 3ream,les Transmission ,y t%e -.
%hen it accesses the networ4, the UE will send two 4inds of signals over the
air interface(
? 1reambles that are sed to obtain the correct power to reach the networ4
*Node )..
? After receiving an ac4nowledgement from the networ4 throgh the A#C!,
the UE will send a RAC! message so as to establish the RRC Connection.
3o+er )ontrol on )ommon )%annels 03RA)/1
The 1RAC! access protocol is composed of two different parts that the UE
will send to the system( the 2ream,le 2art and the message 2art.
#t is based on an access frame strctre and on the reglar radio frame
strctre. <ne access slot is twice a normal radio slot, i.e. - 3 -D=? chips,
and one access frame is twice a radio frame long, i.e. - 3 5?ms.

The preamble part consists in the repetition of a preamble. The preamble is
an identifier composed of a 5=-chip signatre repeated -D= times *B?>=
chips in total.. )asically, the UE is assigned one of the 5= possible preamble
signatres and transmits it at increasing power ntil it gets a response from
the networ4. The parameter preambleSignature of the RAC! obIect
defines the set of allowed signatres of the 1RAC! preamble part.
!essage 3art9
<nce the UE has received an answer from the networ4 *on the A#C!., it will
send the message part of the 1RAC! access. The message part is 5? or -? ms
long *split into 5D or +? radio time slots. and is composed of a control part
*layer 5 control information. and of a data part *service re$irement itself,
coming from the RAC! transport channel..
The parameters related to the UE access on the 1RAC! can be separated in
three categories(
? <pen loop power control
? 1ower ramping for preamble retransmission
? 1reamble message part
-6 72en 6oo2 3o+er )ontrol 3arameters
The aim of the open loop power control is to determine the otpt power of
the UE on its first transmission of the 2ream,le 2art on the 1RAC!. This
transmission power is based on the information received from the '#)s of
the 1-CC1C! and measrement of the C1#C!:R'C1.
3ini03RA)/1 6 pcpichP!er ; U9:interference ; cnstant"alue - 1-
C1#C!:R'C1
%here(
? pcpichP!er parameter defines the 1-C1#C! transmission power of the
Node-). #t is broadcast in '#) D.
? U9:interference is a corrective term evalating the average interference
level on U9. #t corresponds to the U9 RT%1 measred by the node ), it is
broad cast in '#) @. RT%1 or R''#.
RT%1 is the Received Total %ideband 1ower, inclding noise generated in
the receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the plse-shaping filter.

#n Alcatel-9centJs implementation, this is not a parameterK it corresponds
to the U9 RT%1 measred by the Node-). #t is broadcast in '#) @.
? cnstant"alue is a corrective term aiming to compensate RAC!
1rocessing ,ain. #t is broadcasted in '#) D.
#n the 1ini e$ation stated above, we notice that the pcpichP!er 7
C1#C!:R'C1 corresponds basically to the path loss between the Node-) and
the mobile. The cnstant"alue and U9:interference are there to fine-tne
the mobile otpt power according to radio conditions.
!a:imum 2o+er of -.
'ince the UEs have their own ma3imm transmission power according to
their power classes, the ma3imm effective U9 transmission power sed by
the UE after a radio lin4 setp is(
!a:imum -6 T: 3o+er 6 &in *ma#$ll!e%&l'#P!erK UE:&a3:T3:1ower
*UE Class..
The ma3imm transmission power of the UE based on its power class is
described below(
Class 5FFFFF. ++ d)m
Class -FFFFF. -@ d)m
Class +FFFFF. -B d)m
Class BFFFFF. -5 d)m
-. )lass 3;!A4
1 <33 #5m
" <"= #5m
3 <"8 #5m
8 <"1 #5m
N7T.9 The minimm otpt power of the UE is 7D?d)m for all classes
4.5.6.2.2 Type1 algorithm
type1 is the newly algorithm introduced in UA06.0 and is mainly based on:
? neighbur(ellPri, between ? and =-, defining for each 0"" Cell a
hierarchy within its neighborhood *? is the highest priority, =- the lowest.K
note that two -!TSF##Neig%,ouring)ell can N<T have the same
neighbur(ellPri.
? Lsponsoring cellsM which are the cells from the A'ET
? occrrence of each neighboring cell within the sponsoring cellsJ
neighborhood.