Beyond Charity:

Transforming Business,
Ending Poverty

David Pain
Director, Supporter and Community Partnerships Department.
Christian Aid

Poverty- what do you see?

Hold in your mind an image, perhaps a person you have met, a place you have been-
near to home, or far away. An image from TV or other media; a specific story, or an
overall impression.

What do you see? What do you feel and think? What is your response? Where do you
see yourself in relation to this reality?

The images that come to mind for me are mainly from Africa, for 6 years I led Christian
Aids programme across that continent. IN Africa we work with and through 400 local
organisations across 20 countries with people of all faiths and none, it was my privilege
to spend time in each of those countries. In the last 3 years, I have moved within
Christian Aid and now lead our UK facing work. During that time I have also made
short visits to the programme in S Asia which I will draw on.

As we think about those images of poverty, I want to raise this evening the central
question:
Who is it that is bringing about transformational change in the lives of people living in
poverty? What part could business play in transforming poverty?

The simple fact that you and I can bring to mind images of extreme poverty in the midst
of a world of great wealth is a scandal.
For people to be going to bed tonight hungry, for a child to be dying for lack of medical
care, for women and men to be living in fear of their lives and livelihoods through the
impact of conflict or natural disaster, is a preventable scandal.

Poverty is often about big numbers, Id like to focus this evening on individuals, and
specific communities as a way into connecting their story with our own, the micro
realities of human life with the macro issues of change



I met Maya in November in the village of Bharpatia in Uttar Pradesh in the north of India. She is
10, the same age as my own daughter, and in her last year at primary school. Maya told me that
she wants to become a teacher.

As a dalit (or untouchable), Maya and her family are among the 400 million people in India who
are living in poverty, despite the booming Indian economy. She lives in a small hamlet on the
side of a village; her family and their dalit neighbours are not allowed to own land in this
agricultural state.

Mayas mother told me how this dalit community had saved money to contribute to the building
of a new temple in the village, only to be refused admission as unclean people once it was
opened. One dalit woman had had found her way in, she was beaten and the whole building
washed. For dalits and other socially excluded people in India daily life is one of hand to mouth
existence and grinding poverty.

Its remarkable that Maya has been in primary school- she is the first generation of her family to
get that opportunity. This is thanks to Christian Aid partner SKEVS, which has been working in
this village for 2 years one of 15 000 villages we are working in India with the support of
DFID- raising the voice of the dalit community, overcoming the hurdles of social exclusion at the
root of poverty. In this village that has meant dalit women raising their voices and lobbying the
local government to open a school here.

While Maya has been able to go to a primary school- even with only one teacher for 100 pupils,
she is unlikely to be able to go to secondary school and fulfil her ambition to become a teacher.
As a young dalit woman it would not be safe for her to walk the 10kms to the nearest one, and
once there she would be treated as an outcast by teachers and pupils alike.
Trapped in poverty, Maya is typical of a growing trend of people living in poverty in the midst of
growing wealth. We live in a world marked by increasing inequality.

Most people who are poor in the world are living in so-called middle income countries, they are
excluded on grounds of their identity, gender, race or caste; they are made poor because they
are trapped in a cycle where they lack education, healthcare and access to decent employment.

They are trapped because they live on the margins of the land or economy- vulnerable to crises
which impact on their livelihoods, lacking resilience to cope with shocks to their income.

At the root of all of these issues is power and how it is used to enable, or to exclude.



Throughout my experience of living and working in poor communities over the last 30 years
my overwhelming impression is of people who live in poverty taking action.

People seeking to take the power they have to bring about change; to raise their voices and
influence others with power to act in their interests. This is the DNA of sustainable change.

When it comes to tackling poverty, it is people who live in poverty who are the forefront of
actively bringing about change. Women and men organising themselves, often facilitated by
local civil society organisations; establishing small businesses; raising their voices to gain
access to education and to decisions that will impact on their lives.

What needs to change to enable this action and enterprise to lead to the ending of poverty?

As you might expect the answer is large and complex, and varies in each context. But this
evening, in the context of Fair trade fortnight, I would like to focus on the transforming role of
business as ONE of the contributing factors to shifting in the balance of power, contributing to
changing the systems which perpetuate poverty.

Holding onto those images- holding the image of Maya

What part do and can businesses large and small play in bringing about sustainable change
towards the ending of the scandal of poverty?

How can we act through our various influences on businesses- as employers, employees,
consumers, investors, in solidarity with people living in poverty to bring about an end to
poverty?

A little over 20 years ago I was a volunteer campaigner with Christian Aid as a
postgrad student in Guildford. We met local community and church groups to
work with them on launching the Fair trade mark.

Since the 1970s alternative trading organisations had been offering a range of
products whose sale would benefit people living in poverty- Oxfam shops carried
a range of goods and many churches across Britain ran Traidcraft stalls.

At Durham University as a student I ran the Third World Shop- we championed
the message that it was trade not aid that was needed to end poverty. Over
the last 20 years Fair trade has gone from a stall at the back of your local
church, or a shelf in your Oxfam shop, to a mainstream consumer choice.

When the mark was launched, there were 3 products carrying it, now there are
over 4000. In 2012 the market in certified fair trade goods was worth over 1.6
billion.

The certifying body, the Fairtrade Foundation, founded by Christian Aid, Oxfam,
WDM and others, has gone from strength to strength, engaging with global
businesses to bring about change which benefits producers in poor
communities.
Fairtrade from the UK has a positive impact on the lives of the 1.3 million
farmers and workers now involved in 70 countries around the world.

What is really remarkable about these 20 years is that this change has been
achieved largely by word of mouth, by consumer action, by thousands of
individuals talking about their choices in their church and local community.

In a campaign by Christian Aid in the mid 1990s we took bags full of till receipts
to our local supermarkets, demanding that the shops stock fair-traded goods.
Towns and cities, churches and universities have registered as Fair Trade
zones.
This year we celebrate the 20
th
anniversary of the Fairtrade
mark.

This has been a peoples movement for change in which the city
and university of Winchester has played its part- congratulations!

From the outset the basic principles of fair trade have been to
change the way trade works for poor and marginalised people,
shifting the balance of power so that small-scale producers can
find a market and fair prices for their products, feed their families
and communities, and trade their own way out of poverty.

The Fair trade certificate guarantees to consumers and
producers that a fair price is being paid.

A premium is also added to enable communities to invest in
assets that will enable a lasting change; in 2012 the FT premium
delivered 23 million in value to producers communities for
better education, healthcare, infrastructure.
The movement for Fairtrade has been the groundswell for lobbies and
campaigns for other important changes in global trade.

In the 1990s British supermarkets led the way through a partnership with Christian
Aid and the other major international development charities called the Ethical
Trading Initiative.
ETI has enabled the supermarkets to step up their own brand commitments to
ethical trade- for example Christian Aid worked with Sainsburys to support them in
making decisions that would bring about change in the lives of workers in the
vineyards of South Africa.

We have challenged the so-called Washington Consensus- the belief that by
liberalising trade and opening up countries to so-called free trade, somehow all
would benefit.
The power of rich countries to require such changes, often as a condition for aid
and debt relief was a central tenet of western government and institutions
approach to development through the 1980s/90s, seen most clearly in the World
Bank/IMF programme for structural adjustment. In recent years leaders in the
World Bank have recognised the negative impact these structural adjustment
programmes had on the lives of people living in poverty. As we work together to
change the systems of trade, poor countries must have the right to protect and
support their vulnerable farmers and industries.

We have campaigned on the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) as part of
the Make Poverty History campaign, challenging the European community to come
up with trading agreements with African and Caribbean countries that enable
development.
There is still a long way to go and Fairtrade which is itself evolving, is only part of
the solution. While the Fair trade mark is a sign and symbol of how things can be
different, we need to think beyond this as a niche approach to a sustainable
alternative that brings about lasting change at a bigger scale.

As we look forward, much as we have driven the Fairtrade
movement through our consumer choices for the last 20 years;

My belief is that in the next 20 years we will see more and
more opportunities through personal investments, pension
funds etc to invest in businesses which are good news for
people living in poverty.

IN Christian Aids programme we are contributing to this growing
movement for change through playing our part in pioneering
what we are calling pro-poor market development.

PPMD means improving market access for people living in
poverty, it means enabling poor women and men to access
goods and services that make their livelihoods more resilient.

It means enabling poor women and men tackle the power
imbalances in markets that are keeping them poor.

For these businesses to be transformational, rather than just nice
one off projects, we are guided by some core principles.

Activities are always based on a holistic understanding of the
market.

We engage with as many market actors as possible from
governments to small holder associations.

We are ambitious for holistic change. We want people to
thrive the ending of poverty is not just economic, its also about
resilience, equality and dignity


Id like to share with you a few examples of where Christian Aid
is directly involved in pro-poor market development, supporting
the development of social enterprises: businesses that look to
make a positive impact across a range of social and
environmental factors, beyond the financial return. These show
the change that is coming about in the lives of people living in
poverty through changes in business.

Some of them have grown out of the Fair Trade process, others
have the potential to be part of the supply chain of global
businesses.

They all involve a partnership between civil society organisation
that have deep roots and connections with people living in
poverty, often with a reach beyond the end of the road which
other businesses cannot access.

They have received financial support direct from Christian Aid
through the fundraising undertaken throughout the year by
individuals, churches and local groups across Britain and Ireland.

We are also increasingly able to leverage investments from
government donors- the Scottish government Inclusive Economic
Development programme, the American US AID and our DFID.
Example 1: SOPPEXCCA, Nicaragua.

SOPPEXCCA was formed in 1997 by 62 farmers and has grown
into a union of 18 cooperatives totalling 650 members (32%
women) producing over 825 tonnes of coffee per year. Located in
Jinotega in Northern Nicaragua.

Story of a company which has grown through the impact of the
Fairtrade movement, and is now moving beyond -

Christian Aid partner for over 10 years; these changes are long
term- not short term projects

Sales income from exports was US$5.8m in 2010/11. Soppexcca
supplies 9 international fair trade buyers as well as selling
conventional coffee.
SOPPEXCCA became fair trade certified in 1998 because
Fairtrade standards and principles complemented its own values
and was an opportunity to improve members lives and develop
the rural economy.

The FT premium they receive has enabled them to improve
education opportunities, support a positive youth movement and
provide loans for their farmer members.

They are also leaders in Nicaragua on womens rights, a
fundamental issue in shifting power relationships for women
living in poverty they have formed the countrys first
cooperative of women workers and are using it, in a sector
notorious for abuses, to demonstrate how women should be
treated in the workplace.


Pix Fatima Ismael, General Manager, SOPPEXCCA
Quote: There are many unique characteristics about Fairtrade.
You will not find another coffee in the market which meets its
criteria of respecting the lives of the people who produce it. This
respect has to do with the minimum price and the social premium
which, in our case, has even saved lives because we have
implemented a programme for the prevention of cervical cancer,
and thanks to which 5,000 women from this region have been
screened. No other certification does that.


Sustainable business cannot be developed in isolation of global
trends, they cannot stand still. Transformational businesses have
to attend to the system as a whole, including changes taking
place in the climate.

SOPPEXCCA has faced serious challenges with disease and
climate change: 30%-40% of coffee production has been affected
by la roya, a leaf rust fungal disease reaching epidemic
proportions in the region.

Christian Aid has supported SOPPEXCCA in exploring shifting
affected farmers from coffee to cocoa crops . This year CA has
helped them to secure a part loan/grant from the Inter-American
Development Bank of $1.5m to implement this shift at scale



Pix Fatima Ismael, General Manager, SOPPEXCCA
Kenya, Exploring Fair Trade Certification for local food
crops

Christian Aid has been working with VSO, Traidcraft, Practical
Action and others in countries like Ghana, Kenya, India and
South Africa to help producers to respond to the growing
domestic market for organic, fairly traded goods.

Christian Aid has been collaborating with Fair Trade Africa and
Practical Action to explore the potential of extending the Fair
Trade mark to local food crops in Kenya.

Example crops: Ground nuts (top), Sweet potato (middle), tree
tomato (bottom). PIX Also millet, passion fruit and chillies.
Developing a local fair trade market for these drought resistant
crops will have a direct benefit to small holder farmers who will
be able to secure greater sales, and a greater value for their
crops.

It will also help: to address shortages in national food markets (in
comparison to FT export crops), to increase resilience by
promoting drought resistant crops and to shift the balance of
gender power by focusing on crops traditionally produced by
women,
We are now exploring entering the second phase of this work (
for which we need funding) which will include addressing the
blockages we have identified that are preventing the markets
growing and benefitting small holder famers.

FT Africa will have an on-going role in both certification and
working with outlets to increase stock and sales of certified food
crops.



The outcome is not just a holistic understanding of the
sector. The process itself is a catalyst for change which is
driven by the market actors themselves, not an outside
agency.

For example as a result of this dialogue, a honey processor
might invest in better transportation to reduce damage to
crops and improve quality because they have a better
understanding of how quality affects price.

As an outcome of this exercise CA is now funding a
500,000 programme to address the barriers to market
growth that were identified as particularly affecting honey
farmers. These include;

Supporting The Honey Council to be a more effective
marketing and governance and champion of the
honey sector

Trial the development of sustainable Honey Hubs-
a central point for honey collection, sales and
technical assistance - which increase incomes and
market access for honey farmers

Work with finance providers to develop finance
products suitable for honey farmers (none currently
exist) enabling access to improved equipment and
finance for expanding production

This honey programme will benefit over 10,000 honey
producer households
PMSD processes are being rolled out across over 10 CA
programmes ensuring our markets work is rooted in a
holistic understanding of the market



Kenya, Unlocking the potential of the honey
sector
For the very poorest farmers in Kenya, honey is one
of the very few assets they have to lift income beyond
subsistence crops.

Christian Aid and our partner The Kenyan Honey
Council have undertaken what we call a participatory
market systems development (PMSD) process in
Kenya in order to bring together actors in the honey
market.
The process involves bringing together honey market
actors to identify the barriers to market growth and to
develop action plans to address these.
Christian Aid partners have played a key role in
equipping and empowering honey farmers to have the
confidence to participate in a process that takes them
beyond their comfort zone engaging with
government officials, big business etc.
My final example of transformational businesses being run
by people living in poverty comes from: Sierra Leone

CA Sierra Leone has been working with fishing groups in
Bonthe District, Southern Sierra Leone, targeting fishing groups
in 10 communities to own improved fishing boats, outboard
engines and fishing gear for improved and sustainable
livelihoods.

The programme identified that a key barrier to fisher folk
securing a better value for their catch was the lack of cold
storage facilities.

Christian Aid has been working with local partners to establish
a solar powered community cold storage station which will
enable fisher folk to increase their incomes by enabling them to
store and stagger sales of fish, transport fish to new markets
and process fish into added value products.

In addition the direct benefits to their businesses the centre will
also facilitate the purchasing of solar lamps for household and
shop use, as well as providing cell phone charging. As fees are
paid for the centres activities it will be a profitable community
owned enterprise.

The community have proven they can run the enterprises
together after successfully managing a small scale phone
charging station. They were so confident of their ability to be
successful they have insisted on paying Christian Aid back a
proportion of their grant over time so the project can be
replicated elsewhere.


This was the project for the CA week advert:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8KxVVODqlw
So, some great examples of business development
transforming the lives of people living in poverty. What
about the bigger picture on the transformational role of
business?

Most mornings youll find me on the platform at Winchester
station, joining the orderly queues for the 705 up to Waterloo-
we all know where to stand, the life of the commuter! I travel
up to London to the Christian Aid office which is just outside
Waterloo station.

As I look up and down the platform and through the carriage, I
wonder what decisions and actions all those people will be
involved in each day- which of us could have the most impact
on the scandal of poverty today? I doubt it is me or anyone else
working for an international development charity.

Of course, Christian Aid is making a practical difference across
40 countries enabling people to participate in bringing about
change in their lives; we are communicating the reality and
scandal of poverty; I have shown this evening some examples
of sustainable business development making a real difference
in the lives of people in poverty; we can add value by focusing
our work on the analysis of the causes of poverty and raising
our voices on long term solutions. All good things, and other
international development charities are doing similar.

BUT it is the business sector, in all of its dimensions, that has
the potential for change at the scale and depth that is needed
to bring about an end to poverty.
We need a partnership for change between the business
community and organisations like Christian Aid.



Businesses asking themselves about how the value they
create can be shared- who has the power to gain from
business transactions; how can the value created be shared in
a more equitable and sustainable way?

Certainly, return and value for share holders is important, like
oxygen to the body, but pick up any management journal today
its clear that the forefront of business thinking is about asking
how to be sustainable in relationship to all stakeholders, and
the planet. Business leaders around the world are increasingly
asking about the social and environmental impact of business:
how can shared value as Michael Porter has described it, be
created? A sustainable business in the future will need to be
creatively answering these questions.

Businesses asking themselves questions about global
supply chains- sourcing goods in ways that create decent
employment, and manage the environmental impact in a
sustainable way. Examples of leading companies: Unilever and
Marks and Spencer. Buying teams who bring a framework of
ethics to recognise their responsibility all down the chain. What
decisions could be made differently to ensure sustainable and
long term partnerships in purchasing? To give more power to
people living in poverty, to involve them more fully in the
market?


What part can business play in tackling poverty?

Lots of businesses have great corporate social
responsibility programme- CSR activities which make a
practical difference in the lives of people living in
poverty- they are good in themselves, but not the type
of change that is going to transform lives at the scale
and depth we are talking about.

Business contribution to ending poverty is not about
CSR, its about changes to the way business does
business. There are some important questions for
businesses to be asking about how business is done
and the impact it has on people living in poverty. We
can all play a part in asking these questions.


Businesses are asking themselves questions
about their impact on the environment.
I was in Bangladesh in November where increasing
climate chaos is impacting on the poorest people.
We know from our own recent experience that floods
create havoc for business and livelihoods.

For people living in poverty in Bangladesh the
challenge for businesses globally to shift to greener
energy and low carbon impact is a matter of life and
death.

Business choices about energy and production are
all part of the system creating climate chaos; it is the
poorest people in the world who are already on the
receiving end of this impact.

This is something we can all be part of- growing
movement for those changes here in Winchester.


Businesses asking themselves questions about
transparency and accountability.

In the years that I worked on our Africa programme, a dominate
theme of our analysis with partners across the continent was the
fact that across the African continent many countries are rich in
natural resources, minerals but also land- but people living in
poverty were not benefiting. The question is how can companies
change their behaviour with regard to tax to ensure that the
benefits of that wealth also bring about lasting change in the lives
of people who live in poverty.

Through the IF campaign last year we have seen increasing
business engagement on the issue of tax justice.

Tax revenues are at the heart of a change in the balance of
power, at the heart of a developing countries ability to invest in
development- to provide services like health, education and
transport infrastructure.

Tax is one of the routes governments of poor countries have for
mobilising resources and reducing their dependence on aid
revenues.

Tax also increases accountability and reduces corruption-
strengthening the arm of citizens to hold their governments to
account, rather than governments being mainly concerned to
keep rich country donor governments happy.



We know that unscrupulous companies are dodging tax, and it is
people living in poverty who are paying the price. Christian Aid
estimates that the total value of that tax dodging is more than the
global annual aid budget.

Through raising our voice in lobbies and campaigns, meeting
business leaders and talking with government about their
policies, we are seeing change.

Our own government is now championing within the G8 the
publication of a register of beneficial ownership of companies so
that it is much more transparent, who is benefiting from trade.
Companies can make a difference by reporting their profits in
each country in which they operate, rather than transferring
profits through internal price mechanisms.

Industry standards can be changed to raise the bar for all- we
are calling on the FTSE 4 Good to add a tax transparency
criteria.

If you are not already involved in our tax justice campaign we
need you, you can get involved through our website.
Supply chains, environmental sustainability, transparency and
accountability-

Above all, the opportunity exists for business to ask
themselves about the part they play in reducing inequality.



We know that unscrupulous companies are dodging tax, and it is
people living in poverty who are paying the price. Christian Aid
estimates that the total value of that tax dodging is more than the
global annual aid budget.

Through raising our voice in lobbies and campaigns, meeting
business leaders and talking with government about their
policies, we are seeing change.

Our own government is now championing within the G8 the
publication of a register of beneficial ownership of companies so
that it is much more transparent, who is benefiting from trade.
Companies can make a difference by reporting their profits in
each country in which they operate, rather than transferring
profits through internal price mechanisms.

Industry standards can be changed to raise the bar for all- we
are calling on the FTSE 4 Good to add a tax transparency
criteria.

If you are not already involved in our tax justice campaign we
need you, you can get involved through our website.
Supply chains, environmental sustainability, transparency and
accountability-

Above all, the opportunity exists for business to ask
themselves about the part they play in reducing inequality.

For Maya, as a dalit young woman working her way out of
poverty is about overcoming social exclusion: I have already
talked about access to education, but two other changes make
clear the role of business: having access to basic health, and the
opportunity for decent employment.

Christian Aid is working with local civil society organisations in
15000 Indian villages, including Mayas, to enable 9m people to
access basic health care through private companies.

The Indian government has legislated for the provision of health
care insurance through a private company. The company sets up
roadside stalls for people to register- on registration they get a
smartcard (this means that cash is being removed from payment
for health care- removing opportunity for corruption).

However, for Maya and millions like her those road side stalls are
in accessible- her village is too far from the type of road a private
company would use- Christian Aid is working with the support of
DFID to help bring those private sector services closer to every
village so poor and excluded people can benefit.

What will make it possible for Maya to have a job and a decent
wage? As a woman, and as a dalit, she is doubly marginalised
and excluded. What part could business play in creating
opportunities for her?

The Indian government has recently brought in legislation which
requires the larger India businesses to invest 2% of their profits
each year in programmes to tackle poverty.


As we look at the global nature of business we all know that
decisions made in one continent impact on the lives of people in
others. My friends on the 705 are no doubt making decisions
which will impact on investment in India. What are the criteria
being used in these investments?

What scope is there for affirmative action that means more dalit
and socially excluded people in India are employed in the future;
what part can business play in transforming social relationships?

Christian Aid is working with the Chamber of Indian Industry to
apply peer pressure among companies, led by groups such as
TATA. We have been working with the Bombay Stock Exchange
on affirmative action.

We are working with the Indian Institute of Management to
encourage more innovation in social enterprises.

We are working at the grassroots: at community level to map the
assets available, and to train 1000 women as employment
mates- helping marginalised communities to negotiate with
government and business for employment creation as part of an
integrated approach to development in the 6 poorest states of
India.
Our India programme working with DFID is training 14 000 poor
and socially excluded young people for employment in the next 2
years.



These changes are being achieved through a partnership of
government, the business sector and civil society.

Christian Aid is playing its part developing scalable and credible
opportunities built on the base of social capital and reach we
have among poor and marginalised communities- we need
businesses to come alongside this innovation and be part of the
process of wider transformation in India and beyond

A moment for leadership.

We need to hear the voices of Maya, and millions like her around
the world, we need to engage together across the divides of
sectoral thinking government, nfp charities, and private
businesses - are all needed for these changes.

As future generations look back at business today, some will be
seen as the thought leaders who helped to make business good
for people, and good for the planet.


1. We can invest in transforming businesses-
All of the programmes have just talked about, and many more
like them need investment- as we move into the next era of
transforming business, there is an invitation for us to become
investors in this kind of change. You might be able to make a
personal commitment, you may be able to influence investors
like your pension fund or your company

In the next couple of years Christian Aid plans to be incubating
20 new social enterprises in India which will be part of the
changing landscape in which we can see markets working for
people who are socially excluded and are living in poverty today.
These are the opportunities which will create a different future for
girls like Maya and millions like her.

Right now, Christian Aid is responding to this need by seeking
over 200,000 funding to be used for loans to enterprises around
the world who cannot access local finance but show great
potential to improve the livelihoods of poor producers and
consumers. You, or people you know, may be able to contribute
towards that investment.

Christian Aid is also collaborating with a number of NGOs in the
sector to develop a unique platform which will channel larger
amounts of investment finance to enterprises linked to our
market development programmes that cannot access local
finance. This work will attract new investors while partner
enterprises get the added technical support that Christian Aid
specialises in.

Transforming business, ending poverty?

Transforming business, ending poverty is all
about people who live in poverty being actors and
agents for change, it is equally about the role you
and I can take, to be actors and agents for
change.

The Fairtrade movement over the last 20 years
has shown the remarkable impact of people
making choices in favour of people who live in
poverty- we can build on this.


2. We can raise our voices, use our influence and networks-

If you and your friends are making decisions about core business
decisions- Supply chains, environmental sustainability,
transparency and accountability, inequality and affirmative action-
we can be asking how can businesses be making decisions
which keep in mind the needs of Maya, and other individuals
around the world. In coming months lets work together to find
more ways to encourage businesses to be asking these
questions.

20 years of the Fair trade mark has shown the influence we can
all have through our day to day choices. Now the opportunity is
here for business more widely to become transformational as we
join in a partnership for change to end the scandal of poverty.
We will all be needed to make that change a reality.