Basketball Injury Prevention and Treatment

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Basketball Injury Basketball Injury

Prevention and Treatment Prevention and Treatment
Bryce Compton, MS, LAT, ATC
Certified Athletic Trainer
Injury Occurrence in Basketball Injury Occurrence in Basketball
In a Recent Study by the SAFE KIDS In a Recent Study by the SAFE KIDS
Campaign, More Than 200,000 Children Ages Campaign, More Than 200,000 Children Ages
5 5- -14 Were Treated in a Hospital Emergency 14 Were Treated in a Hospital Emergency
Room for Basketball Related Injuries. Room for Basketball Related Injuries.
Most Common Most Common
Injuries in Basketball Injuries in Basketball
16.2% 16.2% 13.3% 13.3% Strains Strains
44.2% 44.2% 44.6% 44.6% Sprains Sprains
19.6% 19.6% 26.5% 26.5% General General
Trauma Trauma
Females Females Males Males Injury Injury
Injury Occurrence in Basketball Injury Occurrence in Basketball
8.8% 8.8% 12.2% 12.2% Face/Scalp Face/Scalp
11.2% 11.2% 11.5% 11.5% Forearm/Wrist/ Forearm/Wrist/
Hand Hand
13% 13% 10.3% 10.3% Knee Knee
16.6% 16.6% 14.7% 14.7% Hip/Thigh/Leg Hip/Thigh/Leg
36% 36% 38.3% 38.3% Ankle/Foot Ankle/Foot
Females Females Males Males Injury Injury
Basketball Injuries Basketball Injuries
Traumatic Overuse
Traumatic Injuries Traumatic Injuries
Sudden Onset of Sudden Onset of
Injury. Injury.
Mechanism of Injury Mechanism of Injury
is Usually Known. is Usually Known.
Usually a Clear Usually a Clear
Indication of an Indication of an
Inflammatory Inflammatory
Process. Process.
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Inflammatory Signs Inflammatory Signs
Redness. Redness.
Heat. Heat.
Pain. Pain.
Swelling. Swelling.
Loss of Function. Loss of Function.
Common Traumatic Common Traumatic
Head Injuries. Head Injuries.
Concussions. Concussions.
Shoulder Injuries. Shoulder Injuries.
Dislocations. Dislocations.
Instability. Instability.
Hand and Wrist Injuries. Hand and Wrist Injuries.
Knee Injuries. Knee Injuries.
Ligament Sprains. Ligament Sprains.
Meniscal Injuries. Meniscal Injuries.
Ankle and Foot Injuries. Ankle and Foot Injuries.
Sprains. Sprains.
Fractures. Fractures.
Grade 1 Concussions Grade 1 Concussions
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Transient Confusion. Transient Confusion.
No Loss of No Loss of
Consciousness. Consciousness.
No Headaches. No Headaches.
No Neurological No Neurological
Symptoms. Symptoms.
Symptoms Resolve Symptoms Resolve
in Less Than 15 in Less Than 15
Minutes. Minutes.
Management: Management:
Remove from Remove from
Contest. Contest.
Examine Examine
Immediately and at Immediately and at
5 5- -Minute Intervals. Minute Intervals.
May Return if Post May Return if Post- -
Concussive Concussive
Symptoms Resolve Symptoms Resolve
Within 15 Minutes. Within 15 Minutes.
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Transient Confusion. Transient Confusion.
No Loss of No Loss of
Mild Headache. Mild Headache.
Amnesia. Amnesia.
Light Light- -Headed. Headed.
Unable to Concentrate or Unable to Concentrate or
Focus. Focus.
Symptoms do Not Symptoms do Not
Resolve in Less Than 15 Resolve in Less Than 15
Minutes. Minutes.
Remove From Remove From
Contest and Disallow Contest and Disallow
Return for That Day. Return for That Day.
Examine Frequently Examine Frequently
for Signs of Intra for Signs of Intra- -
Cranial Pathology. Cranial Pathology.
Physician Physician
Management. Management.
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Symptoms: Symptoms:
Any Loss of Any Loss of
Brief (Seconds). Brief (Seconds).
Prolonged (Minutes). Prolonged (Minutes).
Severe Neurological Severe Neurological
Symptoms. Symptoms.
Beware of Second Beware of Second
Impact Syndrome. Impact Syndrome.
Transport to the Transport to the
Nearest Emergency Nearest Emergency
by Ambulance if by Ambulance if
Unconscious or if Unconscious or if
Worrisome Signs are Worrisome Signs are
Detected. Detected.
Use Backboard and Use Backboard and
Send to Emergency Send to Emergency
Room. Room.
Head Injury Take Head Injury Take
Home Instructions Home Instructions
Observe for 24 Observe for 24- -48 48
Hours. Hours.
Symptoms to Be Symptoms to Be
Observed. Observed.
Head Injury Take Head Injury Take
Home Instructions. Home Instructions.

Head Injury Take Home Instructions

Head injuries are among the most feared of all sporting injuries. The vast majority of
head injuries are minor; however, the potential for serious injury is always present. The
following recommendations can help prevent a seemingly minor injury frombecoming a
life threateninginjury.

If any of the following symptoms are present 24-48 hours after a head injury, the athlete
should be takenimmediatelyto your family physician or to anemergency room:

Severe headaches (deep throbbing)
Dizziness or loss of coordination
Temporaryloss of memory/mental confusion/disorientation
Ringingof the ears (tinnitus)
Blurredor double vision (diplopia)
Unequal pupil size
No pupil reaction to light
Nausea and/or vomiting
Slurredspeech
Convulsions or tremors
Excessive sleepiness or grogginess
Clear fluid fromthe nose and/or ears
Decreased pulse rate
Gradual increase inbloodpressure
Numbness or paralysis (partial or complete)
Difficulty beingaroused

Management Instructions:

Check breathing rate, heart rate, skin color and other symptoms every two
hours
Awaken the athlete everytwo hours to check their condition
Allowthe athlete to consume only clear liquids for eight hours
Do not allow the athlete to take any medications in the initial 24 hours
following the injury unless directed by a physician. Certain medications
may thin the blood that could increase the severity of the injury. Theymay
also mask the symptoms of a serious head injury
If there is a question at any time concerning the well-being of the athlete,
seek medical attention immediately
Shoulder Dislocations Shoulder Dislocations
Traumatic Injury. Traumatic Injury.
Falling Directly on the Falling Directly on the
Shoulder or Shoulder or
Outstretched Arm. Outstretched Arm.
Obvious Deformity. Obvious Deformity.
Do Not Attempt to Do Not Attempt to
Reduce. Reduce.
Treat as a Medical Treat as a Medical
Emergency and Refer to Emergency and Refer to
a Physician. a Physician.
Treatment: Treatment:
Non Non- -Surgical. Surgical.
Rest. Rest.
Sling for 3 Weeks. Sling for 3 Weeks.
Control Inflammation. Control Inflammation.
Manual Therapy. Manual Therapy.
Modalities. Modalities.
Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation.
Surgical. Surgical.
Severe Cases. Severe Cases.
If Fractures are Present. If Fractures are Present.
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Shoulder Instability Shoulder Instability
Loosening of the Loosening of the
Connective Tissue Connective Tissue
Surrounding the Shoulder Surrounding the Shoulder
J oint. J oint.
Recurrent Subluxation of Recurrent Subluxation of
the Humeral Head. the Humeral Head.
Athlete will Complain of the Athlete will Complain of the
Shoulder Coming Out of Shoulder Coming Out of
Place. Place.
Can be Traumatic or Can be Traumatic or
Overuse Injury. Overuse Injury.
Shoulder Instability Shoulder Instability
Rest. Rest.
Rotator Cuff and Rotator Cuff and
Scapular Stabilizers. Scapular Stabilizers.
Surgical. Surgical.
When Therapy is Not When Therapy is Not
Successful. Successful.
Shoulder Instability Shoulder Instability Hand and Wrist Injuries Hand and Wrist Injuries
Types: Types:
Sprains. Sprains.
Dislocations. Dislocations.
Tendon Injuries. Tendon Injuries.
Hand and Wrist Injuries Hand and Wrist Injuries
Mechanism: Mechanism:
Contact. Contact.
Getting Hit Directly on Getting Hit Directly on
the Hand and Wrist. the Hand and Wrist.
Falling and Landing with Falling and Landing with
the Hand and Wrist in a the Hand and Wrist in a
Awkward Position. Awkward Position.
Having the Ball Hit the Having the Ball Hit the
Hand, Wrist, or Fingers Hand, Wrist, or Fingers
in an Awkward Position. in an Awkward Position.
Signs and Symptoms: Signs and Symptoms:
Mild to Sharp Pain. Mild to Sharp Pain.
Mild to Moderate Mild to Moderate
Swelling. Swelling.
Discoloration and Discoloration and
Bruising. Bruising.
Inability to Move the Inability to Move the
Hand, Wrist, and/or Hand, Wrist, and/or
Fingers Properly, Fingers Properly,
Depending on Severity. Depending on Severity.
Point Tender Over the Point Tender Over the
Injured Area. Injured Area.
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Brace or Cast. Brace or Cast.
Rest. Rest.
Surgical. Surgical.
Depending on Bone Depending on Bone
Displacement with Displacement with
Knee Injuries Knee Injuries
Ligament Injuries. Ligament Injuries.
Anterior Cruciate. Anterior Cruciate.
Posterior Cruciate. Posterior Cruciate.
Tibial (Medial) Tibial (Medial)
Collateral. Collateral.
Fibular (Lateral) Fibular (Lateral)
Collateral. Collateral.
Meniscal Injuries. Meniscal Injuries.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Anatomy: Anatomy:
Connection Between Connection Between
Anterior Tibia and Anterior Tibia and
Posterior Femur. Posterior Femur.
Function: Function:
Prevents Rotational Prevents Rotational
Movements About the Movements About the
Knee. Knee.
Prevents Anterior Prevents Anterior
Translation of the Tibia Translation of the Tibia
on the Femur. on the Femur.
Anterior Cruciate Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Injury Ligament Injury
Contact. Contact.
Getting Hit in the Back Getting Hit in the Back
of the Knee While on of the Knee While on
Full Body Weight. Full Body Weight.
Non Non- -Contact. Contact.
More Common. More Common.
Usually Caused by a Usually Caused by a
Deceleration, J ump Stop, Deceleration, J ump Stop,
or Pivoting Motion. or Pivoting Motion.
Pop Pop or or Snap Snap . .
Immediate Swelling and Immediate Swelling and
Pain. Pain.
Unable to Continue Unable to Continue
Participation. Participation.
Requires Evaluation by a Requires Evaluation by a
Physician. Physician.
Possible Surgery. Possible Surgery.
Treatment. Treatment.
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Clinical Evaluation. Clinical Evaluation.
Manual Muscle Manual Muscle
Testing. Testing.
Range of Motion Range of Motion
Testing. Testing.
Special Tests. Special Tests.
Functional Testing. Functional Testing.
MRI Evaluation. MRI Evaluation.
ACL Injuries in Females ACL Injuries in Females
Incidence: Incidence:
Rate of Rate of
Non Non- -Contact ACL Contact ACL
Injuries in Injuries in
Females Athletes Females Athletes
is 2 to 1 Compared is 2 to 1 Compared
to Male Athletes. to Male Athletes.
ACL Injuries in Females ACL Injuries in Females
Prevention: Prevention:
Intrinsic Factors: Intrinsic Factors:
Alignment. Alignment.
Increased Q Increased Q- -Angle. Angle.
J oint Laxity. J oint Laxity.
Hormonal Effects. Hormonal Effects.
Extrinsic Factors: Extrinsic Factors:
Muscle Strength. Muscle Strength.
Strengthen Hamstrings. Strengthen Hamstrings.
Conditioning. Conditioning.
Technique. Technique.
Rest. Rest.
Surgical. Surgical.
ACL Reconstruction. ACL Reconstruction.
Post Post- -Surgical Surgical
Strengthen Knee Strengthen Knee
Stabilizing Muscles. Stabilizing Muscles.
Correct Muscular Correct Muscular
Imbalances. Imbalances.
Functional Activity. Functional Activity.
Bracing. Bracing.
Return to Activity. Return to Activity.
4 4- -6 Months Post 6 Months Post- -Surgery. Surgery.
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Posterior Cruciate Ligament Posterior Cruciate Ligament
Anatomy: Anatomy:
Connection Between Connection Between
Posterior Tibia and Posterior Tibia and
Anterior Femur. Anterior Femur.
Function: Function:
Prevents Rotational Prevents Rotational
Movement About the Movement About the
Knee. Knee.
Prevents Posterior Prevents Posterior
Translation of the Tibia Translation of the Tibia
on the Femur. on the Femur.
Posterior Cruciate Posterior Cruciate
Also Known as the Also Known as the
Dashboard Injury Dashboard Injury . .
Contact Injury. Contact Injury.
Getting Hit on the Getting Hit on the
Anterior Tibia, Usually Anterior Tibia, Usually
with the Knee Bent. with the Knee Bent.
Falling Directly on the Falling Directly on the
Knee with the Knee Knee with the Knee
Bent. Bent.
Pain at the Time of Pain at the Time of
Impact. Impact.
Over Time, Develop Over Time, Develop
Pain in the Calf Region. Pain in the Calf Region.
Minor Swelling. Minor Swelling.
Instability in the Knee. Instability in the Knee.
Possible Surgery. Possible Surgery.
Treatment. Treatment.
Testing. Testing.
Testing. Testing.
MRI Evaluation. MRI Evaluation.
More Common. More Common.
Rest. Rest.
Brace. Brace.
Surgical. Surgical.
Not Very Common. Not Very Common.
PCL Reconstruction. PCL Reconstruction.
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Medial Collateral Ligament Medial Collateral Ligament
Anatomy: Anatomy:
Made Up of 2 Bands. Made Up of 2 Bands.
Deep Band Deep Band Connected Connected
to the Medial Meniscus. to the Medial Meniscus.
Superficial Band. Superficial Band.
Function: Function:
Prevents Medial Prevents Medial
Translation of the Knee. Translation of the Knee.
Prevents the Medial Prevents the Medial
(Inner) Aspect of the (Inner) Aspect of the
Knee J oint from Knee J oint from
Widening fromStress. Widening fromStress.
Medial Collateral Medial Collateral
Getting Hit on the Getting Hit on the
Lateral (Outside) Aspect Lateral (Outside) Aspect
of the Knee With the of the Knee With the
Knee Slightly Bent. Knee Slightly Bent.
Deep Band is More Deep Band is More
Prone to Injury First, Prone to Injury First,
Which May Lead to Which May Lead to
Medial Meniscal Medial Meniscal
Damage Also. Damage Also.
Classification: Classification:
Grade I Sprain. Grade I Sprain.
Grade II Sprain. Grade II Sprain.
Grade III Sprain. Grade III Sprain.
Grade I Sprain: Grade I Sprain:
Stretching of the Stretching of the
Ligament Fibers with Less Ligament Fibers with Less
Than 10% Being Torn. Than 10% Being Torn.
Mild Tenderness on the Mild Tenderness on the
Inside of the Knee Over Inside of the Knee Over
the Ligament. the Ligament.
Usually No Swelling. Usually No Swelling.
When the Knee is Bent to When the Knee is Bent to
30 Degrees and Force is 30 Degrees and Force is
Applied to the Outside of Applied to the Outside of
the Knee, Pain is Felt But the Knee, Pain is Felt But
There is No J oint Laxity. There is No J oint Laxity.
Grade II Sprain: Grade II Sprain:
Greater Than 10% of the Greater Than 10% of the
Ligament Fibers are Ligament Fibers are
Torn. Torn.
Significant Tenderness Significant Tenderness
on the Inside of the Knee on the Inside of the Knee
on the Medial Ligament. on the Medial Ligament.
Some Swelling Seen Some Swelling Seen
Over the Ligament. Over the Ligament.
When the Knee is When the Knee is
Stressed as for Grade 1 Stressed as for Grade 1
Symptoms, There is Pain Symptoms, There is Pain
and Moderate Laxity in and Moderate Laxity in
the J oint, Although the J oint, Although
There is a Definite End There is a Definite End
Point. Point.
Grade III Sprain: Grade III Sprain:
This is a Complete Tear This is a Complete Tear
of the Ligament. of the Ligament.
Pain can Vary and is Pain can Vary and is
Sometimes Not as Bad Sometimes Not as Bad
as That of a Grade 2 as That of a Grade 2
Sprain. Sprain.
When Stressing the Knee When Stressing the Knee
There is Significant J oint There is Significant J oint
Laxity. Laxity.
The Athlete May The Athlete May
Complain of Having a Complain of Having a
Very Wobbly or Very Wobbly or
Unstable Knee. Unstable Knee.
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Testing. Testing.
Testing. Testing.
Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation. Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation.
Rest. Rest.
Brace. Brace.
Surgical. Surgical.
Very Rare. Very Rare.
Only for Severe Only for Severe
Instability. Instability.
Return to Activity: Return to Activity:
Grade I: 1 Grade I: 1 - - 2 Weeks. 2 Weeks.
Grade II: 2 Grade II: 2 - - 4 Weeks. 4 Weeks.
Grade III: 4 Grade III: 4 - - 6 Weeks. 6 Weeks.
Lateral Collateral Ligament Lateral Collateral Ligament
Anatomy: Anatomy:
Connection Between the Connection Between the
Femur and the Head of Femur and the Head of
the Fibula. the Fibula.
Not Connected to the Not Connected to the
Meniscus. Meniscus.
Function: Function:
Prevents Lateral Prevents Lateral
Translation of the Knee. Translation of the Knee.
Prevents the Lateral Prevents the Lateral
(Outer) Aspect of the (Outer) Aspect of the
Knee J oint fromOpening Knee J oint fromOpening
or Gapping. or Gapping.
Lateral Collateral Lateral Collateral
Not Nearly as Common Not Nearly as Common
as MCL Injury. as MCL Injury.
Direct Impact to the Direct Impact to the
Inner Surface of the Inner Surface of the
Knee J oint. Knee J oint.
Due to the Nature of the Due to the Nature of the
Injury, ACL and PCL Injury, ACL and PCL
Ligaments May Also Ligaments May Also
Become Damaged. Become Damaged.
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Grade I Sprain. Grade I Sprain.
Grade II Sprain. Grade II Sprain.
Grade III Sprain. Grade III Sprain.
Grade I Sprain: Grade I Sprain:
Stretching of the Stretching of the
Ligament Fibers with Less Ligament Fibers with Less
Than 10% Being Torn. Than 10% Being Torn.
Mild Tenderness on the Mild Tenderness on the
Outside of the Knee Over Outside of the Knee Over
the Ligament. the Ligament.
Usually No Swelling. Usually No Swelling.
When the Knee is Bent to When the Knee is Bent to
30 Degrees and Force is 30 Degrees and Force is
Applied to the Inside of Applied to the Inside of
the Knee, Pain is Felt But the Knee, Pain is Felt But
There is No J oint Laxity. There is No J oint Laxity.
Grade II Sprain: Grade II Sprain:
Greater Than 10% of the Greater Than 10% of the
Muscle Fibers are Torn. Muscle Fibers are Torn.
Significant Tenderness Significant Tenderness
on the Outside of the on the Outside of the
Knee on the Lateral Knee on the Lateral
Ligament. Ligament.
Some Swelling Seen Some Swelling Seen
Over the Ligament. Over the Ligament.
When the Knee is When the Knee is
Stressed, There is Pain Stressed, There is Pain
and Moderate Laxity in and Moderate Laxity in
the J oint, Although the J oint, Although
There is a Definite End There is a Definite End
Point. Point.
Grade III Sprain: Grade III Sprain:
This is a Complete Tear This is a Complete Tear
of the Ligament. of the Ligament.
Pain can Vary and is Pain can Vary and is
Sometimes Not as Bad Sometimes Not as Bad
as That of a Grade 2 as That of a Grade 2
Sprain. Sprain.
When Stressing the Knee When Stressing the Knee
There is Significant J oint There is Significant J oint
Laxity. Laxity.
The Athlete May The Athlete May
Complain of Having a Complain of Having a
Very Wobbly or Very Wobbly or
Unstable Knee. Unstable Knee.
Testing. Testing.
Testing. Testing.
With Severe With Severe
Damage, an MRI Damage, an MRI
Evaluation May be Evaluation May be
Necessary. Necessary.
In Picture, Full Tear In Picture, Full Tear
of ACL, PCL, and of ACL, PCL, and
Ligament. Ligament.
Ligament Intact. Ligament Intact.
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Rest. Rest.
Brace. Brace.
Surgical. Surgical.
With Grade III Sprains. With Grade III Sprains.
If ACL and/or PCL are If ACL and/or PCL are
Damaged as Well. Damaged as Well.
Medial and Lateral Menisci Medial and Lateral Menisci
Anatomy: Anatomy:
Small Small C C Shaped Piece Shaped Piece
of Cartilage Between the of Cartilage Between the
Femur and Tibia. Femur and Tibia.
One on the Medial One on the Medial
Aspect and One on the Aspect and One on the
Lateral Aspect of the Lateral Aspect of the
Knee. Knee.
Function: Function:
Primarily Acts as a Primarily Acts as a
Cushion Between the Cushion Between the
Two Bones. Two Bones.
Medial and Lateral Medial and Lateral
Meniscal Injuries Meniscal Injuries
Pieces of Cartilage Tear Pieces of Cartilage Tear
and are Injured Usually and are Injured Usually
if an Athlete Quickly if an Athlete Quickly
Twists and Rotates the Twists and Rotates the
Upper Leg While the Upper Leg While the
Foot is Firmly Planted. Foot is Firmly Planted.
Gradual Degeneration. Gradual Degeneration.
Radial Tear. Radial Tear.
Inside and Lateral Tear. Inside and Lateral Tear.
Flap Tear. Flap Tear.
Piece of the Torn Piece of the Torn
Cartilage Flips Upward. Cartilage Flips Upward.
Peripheral Tear. Peripheral Tear.
Around the Outer Edge. Around the Outer Edge.
Longitudinal Tear. Longitudinal Tear.
Middle and Longitudinal Middle and Longitudinal
Tear. Tear.
Usually an Audible Usually an Audible
Pop Pop or or Snap Snap . .
Mild to Severe Pain Mild to Severe Pain
Depending on the Extent Depending on the Extent
of the Tear. of the Tear.
Swelling is Common, Swelling is Common,
But May Also Develop But May Also Develop
After Several Hours. After Several Hours.
Knee May Lock or Feel Knee May Lock or Feel
Weak. Weak.
Testing. Testing.
Testing. Testing.
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Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation to See Possible Referral for an MRI Evaluation to See
the Extent of the Tear. the Extent of the Tear.
For Very Minor Tears For Very Minor Tears
with Little to No with Little to No
Symptoms Present. Symptoms Present.
Rest. Rest.
Brace. Brace.
Surgical. Surgical.
Partial Meniscectomy. Partial Meniscectomy.
Much More Common. Much More Common.
Repaired with Sutures. Repaired with Sutures.
Occur Less Than 10% of Occur Less Than 10% of
the Time. the Time.
Ankle and Foot Injuries Ankle and Foot Injuries
Types: Types:
Sprains. Sprains.
Ankle Sprains Ankle Sprains
Most Common is an Most Common is an
Inversion or Inward Inversion or Inward
Stress. Stress.
Least Common is an Least Common is an
Eversion or Outward Eversion or Outward
Stress. Stress.
Can be Traumatic or a Can be Traumatic or a
Chronic, Reoccurring Chronic, Reoccurring
Injury. Injury.
Mild Aching to Sudden Mild Aching to Sudden
Pain. Pain.
Swelling. Swelling.
Discoloration. Discoloration.
Ankle Properly. Ankle Properly.
Pain in the Ankle Even Pain in the Ankle Even
When You are Not When You are Not
Putting Weight on It. Putting Weight on It.
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Rest. Rest.
Surgical. Surgical.
In Recurrent Situations. In Recurrent Situations.
Ankle and Foot Fractures Ankle and Foot Fractures
Contact. Contact.
Getting Stepped on the Getting Stepped on the
Ankle or Foot. Ankle or Foot.
J umping or Landing J umping or Landing
Improperly. Improperly.
Sudden Twisting, Sudden Twisting,
Pivoting, or a J ump Stop Pivoting, or a J ump Stop
Where the Ankle Gives Where the Ankle Gives
Out. Out.
Mild to Sharp Pain. Mild to Sharp Pain.
Mild to Moderate Mild to Moderate
Swelling. Swelling.
Discoloration and Discoloration and
Bruising. Bruising.
Ankle, Foot, and/or Toes Ankle, Foot, and/or Toes
Properly, Depending on Properly, Depending on
Severity. Severity.
Injured Area. Injured Area.
Brace or Cast. Brace or Cast.
4 4- -6 Weeks of 6 Weeks of
Immobilization. Immobilization.
Surgical. Surgical.
Depending on Bone Depending on Bone
Displacement with Displacement with
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When to Seek Medical Attention When to Seek Medical Attention
for a Traumatic Injury for a Traumatic Injury
Swelling About a Swelling About a
J oint. J oint.
Inability to Move a Inability to Move a
J oint. J oint.
Decreased J oint Decreased J oint
Motion. Motion.
ACL
for a Traumatic Injury for a Traumatic Injury
Obvious Deformity. Obvious Deformity.
Inability to Walk or Inability to Walk or
Bear Weight on a Bear Weight on a
J oint. J oint.
Treatment of Traumatic Injuries Treatment of Traumatic Injuries
Treat the Treat the
Inflammatory Inflammatory
Process: Process:
Rest. Rest.
Ice. Ice.
Compression. Compression.
Elevation. Elevation.
Seek Medical Help if Seek Medical Help if
Necessary. Necessary.
Return to Play Following a Return to Play Following a
Traumatic Injury Traumatic Injury
Pain Free. Pain Free.
Normal Range of Normal Range of
Motion. Motion.
Normal Strength. Normal Strength.
Able to Run. Able to Run.
Able to J ump and Pivot. Able to J ump and Pivot.
Able to PerformSport Able to PerformSport
Specific Activities. Specific Activities.
Characteristics of Characteristics of
Overuse Injuries Overuse Injuries
Gradual Insidious Gradual Insidious
Onset. Onset.
No History of Trauma. No History of Trauma.
Typically No Indication Typically No Indication
of a Major of a Major
Inflammatory Process. Inflammatory Process.
Usually the Result of Usually the Result of
Repetitive Activity. Repetitive Activity.
Causes of Overuse Causes of Overuse
Strength Imbalances. Strength Imbalances.
Strength Deficits. Strength Deficits.
Flexibility Deficits. Flexibility Deficits.
Training Errors. Training Errors.
Inherent Risk of Inherent Risk of
Sport. Sport.
Biomechanical Biomechanical
Considerations. Considerations.
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Progression of Progression of
Overuse Symptoms Overuse Symptoms
Pain After Sporting Activities. Pain After Sporting Activities.
Pain with Sporting Activities but Pain with Sporting Activities but with No with No
Decrease in Performance. Decrease in Performance.
Pain During Sporting Activities Pain During Sporting Activities with with
Decreased Performance. Decreased Performance.
Unable to Perform Sporting Activities. Unable to Perform Sporting Activities.
Pain During Everyday Activities. Pain During Everyday Activities.
Common Overuse Injuries Common Overuse Injuries
Patellar Tendinitis Patellar Tendinitis
( ( J umper J umper s Knee s Knee ). ).
Shin Splints. Shin Splints.
Stress Fractures. Stress Fractures.
Achilles Tendinitis. Achilles Tendinitis.
Plantar Fasciitis. Plantar Fasciitis.
Inflammation and Irritation Inflammation and Irritation
of the Patellar Tendon. of the Patellar Tendon.
Overuse Injury that is Overuse Injury that is
Usually Caused by Sports Usually Caused by Sports
that Involve J umping that Involve J umping
Activities and Changing Activities and Changing
Directions. Directions.
With Repeated Strain, With Repeated Strain,
Micro Micro- -Tears and Collagen Tears and Collagen
Degeneration Occur in the Degeneration Occur in the
Tendon. Tendon.
Grade I. Grade I.
Pain Only After Training. Pain Only After Training.
Grade II. Grade II.
Pain Beforeand After Pain Beforeand After
Training, But Eases Up Once Training, But Eases Up Once
Warmed Warmed- -Up. Up.
Grade III. Grade III.
Pain During Training Which Pain During Training Which
Limits Performance. Limits Performance.
Grade IV. Grade IV.
Pain During Everyday Pain During Everyday
Activities. Activities.
Pain Directly Over the Pain Directly Over the
Tendon. Tendon.
Tendon. Tendon.
Pain with Activities, Pain with Activities,
Especially with J umping Especially with J umping
and Kneeling. and Kneeling.
Less Common, Swelling Less Common, Swelling
Around the Tendon. Around the Tendon.
Rest. Rest.
Anti Anti- -Inflammatory Inflammatory
Medication. Medication.
Stretching. Stretching.
Cross Friction Cross Friction
Massage. Massage.
Ice Treatments. Ice Treatments.
Cho Cho- -Pat Straps and Pat Straps and
Brace. Brace.
16
Shin Splints Shin Splints
Also Known as Medial Also Known as Medial
Tibial Stress Syndrome. Tibial Stress Syndrome.
Overused and Damaged Overused and Damaged
Extensor Muscle or Tendon. Extensor Muscle or Tendon.
Inflammation of the Tibial Inflammation of the Tibial
PeriosteumSheath. PeriosteumSheath.
Stress Fracture of theTibia. Stress Fracture of theTibia.
Chronic Compartment Chronic Compartment
Syndrome. Syndrome.
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Pain Over the Inside Distal Pain Over the Inside Distal
Tibia. Tibia.
Pain at the Start of Pain at the Start of
Exercise, Which Often Exercise, Which Often
Eases as the Session Eases as the Session
Continues. Continues.
Pain Returns After Activity Pain Returns After Activity
and May be Worse the and May be Worse the
Next Morning. Next Morning.
Minor Swelling. Minor Swelling.
Lumps and Bumps. Lumps and Bumps.
Pain with Stretching the Pain with Stretching the
Extensor Muscles. Extensor Muscles.
Rest. Rest.
Ice and Cold Therapy. Ice and Cold Therapy.
Stretch the Muscles of Stretch the Muscles of
the Lower Leg. the Lower Leg.
Imbalance. Imbalance.
Wear Shock Absorbing Wear Shock Absorbing
Insoles. Insoles.
Heat After Acute Stage. Heat After Acute Stage.
See a Physician. See a Physician.
Stress Fractures Stress Fractures
One of the Most Common One of the Most Common
Injuries in Sports. Injuries in Sports.
Overuse Injury. Overuse Injury.
Occurs When Muscles Occurs When Muscles
Become Fatigued and are Become Fatigued and are
Unable to Absorb Shock. Unable to Absorb Shock.
Eventually, the Fatigued Eventually, the Fatigued
Muscle Transfers the Muscle Transfers the
Overload of Stress to the Overload of Stress to the
Bone Causing a Tiny Crack Bone Causing a Tiny Crack
Called a Stress Fracture. Called a Stress Fracture.
Diagnosed with X Diagnosed with X- -Ray or Ray or
Bone Scan. Bone Scan.
Pain with Activity and Pain with Activity and
When Putting Direct When Putting Direct
Pressure Over the Pressure Over the
Fracture Site. Fracture Site.
Pain Subsides with Rest. Pain Subsides with Rest.
Swelling, Bruising, and Swelling, Bruising, and
Discoloration May Also Discoloration May Also
Occur. Occur.
Non Non- -Surgical: Surgical:
Rest Rest 6 to 8 Weeks. 6 to 8 Weeks.
Cast, Brace, or Shoe Cast, Brace, or Shoe
Inserts if Necessary. Inserts if Necessary.
Pain Medication. Pain Medication.
Avoiding Activities that Avoiding Activities that
Cause Pain or Discomfort. Cause Pain or Discomfort.
Surgical: Surgical:
If Fracture Does Not Heal If Fracture Does Not Heal
Properly. Properly.
17
Prevention: Prevention:
Set Incremental Goals. Set Incremental Goals.
Increase Gradually. Increase Gradually.
Cross Training. Cross Training.
Maintain a Healthy Diet. Maintain a Healthy Diet.
Use Proper Equipment. Use Proper Equipment.
Proper Shoes. Proper Shoes.
If Pain or Swelling Occurs, Discontinue Activity. If Pain or Swelling Occurs, Discontinue Activity.
Recognize Symptoms Early, and Treat Appropriately. Recognize Symptoms Early, and Treat Appropriately.
Achilles Tendinitis Achilles Tendinitis
Inflammation, Irritation, Inflammation, Irritation,
and Swelling of the and Swelling of the
Achilles Tendon. Achilles Tendon.
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Pain in the Heel When Pain in the Heel When
Walking or Running. Walking or Running.
Achilles Tendon is Point Achilles Tendon is Point
Tender. Tender.
Tendon May be Swollen Tendon May be Swollen
and Warm. and Warm.
Achilles Tendinitis Achilles Tendinitis
Rest. Rest.
Ice. Ice.
Cross Friction Cross Friction
Massage. Massage.
Plantar Fasciitis Plantar Fasciitis
Irritation and Swelling Irritation and Swelling
of the Thick Tissue on of the Thick Tissue on
the Bottomof the Foot. the Bottomof the Foot.
Most Common Among Most Common Among
Runners and People Runners and People
Who Wear Shoes with Who Wear Shoes with
Inadequate Shock Inadequate Shock
Absorption. Absorption.
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Develops Gradually. Develops Gradually.
Sharp Pain in the Heel. Sharp Pain in the Heel.
Affects J ust One Foot, Affects J ust One Foot,
However it can Also However it can Also
Occur Bilaterally. Occur Bilaterally.
Worst with the First Few Worst with the First Few
Steps After Awakening. Steps After Awakening.
Can Also be Triggered Can Also be Triggered
by Long Periods of by Long Periods of
Standing or Getting Up Standing or Getting Up
froma Seated Position. froma Seated Position.
Physical Therapy. Physical Therapy.
Stretches for the Calf Stretches for the Calf
Muscles and Achilles Muscles and Achilles
Tendon. Tendon.
Strengthening the Strengthening the
Lower Leg Muscles. Lower Leg Muscles.
Massage. Massage.
Night Splints. Night Splints.
Orthotics. Orthotics.
18
Growth Injuries Growth Injuries
in Young Athletes in Young Athletes
Growth Plate Growth Plate
Injuries: Injuries:
Osgood Osgood- -Schlatter Schlatter s s
Disease. Disease.
Sever Sever s Disease. s Disease.
Calcaneal Calcaneal
Apophysitis. Apophysitis.
Growth Injuries Growth Injuries
in Young Athletes in Young Athletes
Osgood Osgood- -Schlatter Schlatter s s
Disease. Disease.
Sever Sever s Disease s Disease
Calcaneal Calcaneal
Apophysitis. Apophysitis.
Osgood Osgood- -Schlatter Schlatter s Disease s Disease
Occurs Due to a Period of Occurs Due to a Period of
Rapid Growth, Combined Rapid Growth, Combined
with High Levels of with High Levels of
Sporting Activity. Sporting Activity.
Results in the Patellar Results in the Patellar
Tendon Pulling on the Tendon Pulling on the
Tibial Tuberosity Causing Tibial Tuberosity Causing
Inflammation of the Bone. Inflammation of the Bone.
CalciumForms on the CalciumForms on the
Tibial Tuberosity Causing a Tibial Tuberosity Causing a
Bony Growth. Bony Growth.
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Pain at the Tibial Pain at the Tibial
Tuberosity. Tuberosity.
Swollen or Inflamed Swollen or Inflamed
Bump on the Tibial Bump on the Tibial
Tuberosity. Tuberosity.
Tenderness and Pain are Tenderness and Pain are
Worse During and After Worse During and After
Activity. Activity.
Pain When Contracting Pain When Contracting
the Quadriceps. the Quadriceps.
Rest. Rest.
Ice. Ice.
Stretching. Stretching.
Knee Brace. Knee Brace.
19
Calcaneal Apophysitis Calcaneal Apophysitis
Most Common Cause of Most Common Cause of
Heel Pain in Growing Heel Pain in Growing
Athletes. Athletes.
Due to Overuse and Due to Overuse and
Repetitive Microtrauma Repetitive Microtrauma
of Growth Plates of the of Growth Plates of the
Calcaneus in the Heel. Calcaneus in the Heel.
Most Common in Most Common in
Children 9 Children 9 15 Years 15 Years
Old. Old.
Symptoms: Symptoms:
Pain or Tenderness in the Pain or Tenderness in the
Heel. Heel.
Discomfort Upon Discomfort Upon
Awakening, or When Awakening, or When
Squeezing the Heel. Squeezing the Heel.
Limping. Limping.
More Severe Pain After More Severe Pain After
Walking or Exercise, and Walking or Exercise, and
Difficulty Walking. Difficulty Walking.
Pain During Running Pain During Running
and Sporting Activities. and Sporting Activities.
Rest. Rest.
Ice. Ice.
Elevate the Heel. Elevate the Heel.
Stretch the Hamstring Stretch the Hamstring
and Calf Muscles 2 and Calf Muscles 2 3 3
Times a Day. Times a Day.
Foot Orthotics. Foot Orthotics.
for an Overuse Injury for an Overuse Injury
If Symptoms are Present If Symptoms are Present
with Everyday Activities. with Everyday Activities.
If Symptoms are Severe If Symptoms are Severe
Enough to Cause an Altered Enough to Cause an Altered
Gait. Gait.
If the Symptoms Diminish If the Symptoms Diminish
After a Week of Activity After a Week of Activity
Modification but Return Modification but Return
Soon After the Athlete Soon After the Athlete
Resumes His or Her Sport. Resumes His or Her Sport.
Treatment of Overuse Injuries Treatment of Overuse Injuries
Relative Rest. Relative Rest.
Treat the Inflammatory Treat the Inflammatory
Process. Process.
Rest. Rest.
Ice. Ice.
Correct the Underlying Correct the Underlying
Cause of the Injury! Cause of the Injury!
Preventing Overuse Preventing Overuse
Improve Strength. Improve Strength.
Imbalances. Imbalances.
Improve Flexibility. Improve Flexibility.
Utilize Proper Utilize Proper
Training Techniques. Training Techniques.
Biomechanical Biomechanical
20
Rules of Strengthening Rules of Strengthening
Light Resistance. Light Resistance.
High Repetition. High Repetition.
Emphasis on Endurance and Balance. Emphasis on Endurance and Balance.
* Refer to Strengthening Exercise Hand Outs. * Refer to Strengthening Exercise Hand Outs.
Strengthening Exercises Strengthening Exercises
Weight Training Should Not Weight Training Should Not
be Performed Until the be Performed Until the
Athlete is 14 or Older. Athlete is 14 or Older.
Emphasis in Basketball Emphasis in Basketball
Should be on the Shoulder Should be on the Shoulder
Girdle, Trunk, Core, and the Girdle, Trunk, Core, and the
Stabilizers of the Knee and Stabilizers of the Knee and
Ankle. Ankle.
See Basketball See Basketball
Strengthening Hand Outs. Strengthening Hand Outs.
Strengthening Exercises Strengthening Exercises
When is it Safe for Kids When is it Safe for Kids
to Perform Strengthening? to Perform Strengthening?
Free Weights and Free Weights and
Machines Machines Not Until Not Until
14 or Older. 14 or Older.
Strength Training Using Strength Training Using
Own Body Weight or Own Body Weight or
Resistance Tubing. Resistance Tubing.
Emphasize Proper Emphasize Proper
Technique and Safety. Technique and Safety.
Make Exercises Sport Make Exercises Sport
Specific. Specific.
Benefits of Strength Benefits of Strength
Training For Kids Training For Kids
Increase Your Child's Muscle Strength and Endurance. Increase Your Child's Muscle Strength and Endurance.
Help Protect Your Child's Muscles and J oints FromInjury. Help Protect Your Child's Muscles and J oints FromInjury.
Improve Your Child's Performance in Nearly Any Sport. Improve Your Child's Performance in Nearly Any Sport.
Strengthen Your Child Strengthen Your Child s Bones. s Bones.
Help Promote Healthy Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels. Help Promote Healthy Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels.
Boost Your Child's Metabolism. Boost Your Child's Metabolism.
Help Your Child Maintain a Healthy Weight. Help Your Child Maintain a Healthy Weight.
Improve Your Child's Self Improve Your Child's Self- -Esteem. Esteem.
Flexibility Flexibility
Ability to Move a Body Part Through Ability to Move a Body Part Through
Normal Motion Against Minimal Normal Motion Against Minimal
Resistance. Resistance.
A Stretching Program is Important in A Stretching Program is Important in
Injury Prevention. Injury Prevention.
21
Stretching Guidelines Stretching Guidelines
Precede Stretching Program Precede Stretching Program
with a General Warm with a General Warm- -Up. Up.
PerformStatic Stretching PerformStatic Stretching
Holding Each Stretch for Holding Each Stretch for
15 15- -20 Seconds. 20 Seconds.
PerformEach Stretch 3 PerformEach Stretch 3- -5 5
Times. Times.
Do Not Bounce. Do Not Bounce.
See Basketball Stretching See Basketball Stretching
Hand Out. Hand Out.
Basketball Warm Basketball Warm- -Up Up
The Purpose of a Proper Warm The Purpose of a Proper Warm- -Up is to Prepare for Up is to Prepare for
the Sport by Raising the Body Temperature, the Sport by Raising the Body Temperature,
Optimizing Performance, and Preventing Injury. Optimizing Performance, and Preventing Injury.
Warm Warm- -up Activities Consist of General Running up Activities Consist of General Running
Activities and Stretching Exercises. Activities and Stretching Exercises.
As the Participant As the Participant s Skill Requirements Increase, the s Skill Requirements Increase, the
Time Allotted for Warm Time Allotted for Warm- -Up Activities Increases and Up Activities Increases and
the Exercises are More Specific. the Exercises are More Specific.
See Basketball Warm See Basketball Warm- -Up Hand Out. Up Hand Out.
Stretching Exercises Stretching Exercises Stretching Exercises Stretching Exercises
Proper Training Techniques Proper Training Techniques
Begin Slowly. Begin Slowly.
Progress Gradually. Progress Gradually.
The #1 Cause of Injury The #1 Cause of Injury
is Doing Too Much, is Doing Too Much,
Too Soon. Too Soon.
The Tissues of the Body The Tissues of the Body
can Adapt if Change is can Adapt if Change is
Gradual. Gradual.
Biomechanical Considerations Biomechanical Considerations
Pronated Foot Supinated Foot Pronated Foot Supinated Foot
Flat Feet Flat Feet High Arch High Arch
22
Foot Biomechanics Foot Biomechanics
Recommendations Recommendations
Flat Feet: High Arch: Flat Feet: High Arch:
Need Support. Need Shock Need Support. Need Shock
Return to Play Following Return to Play Following
an Overuse Injury an Overuse Injury
Pain Free. Pain Free.
Normal Range of Normal Range of
Motion. Motion.
Normal Strength. Normal Strength.
Able to Run. Able to Run.
Able to J ump and Pivot. Able to J ump and Pivot.
Able to PerformSport Able to PerformSport
Specific Activities. Specific Activities.
Dehydration Dehydration
Affects Performance in Less Than 1 Hour of Affects Performance in Less Than 1 Hour of
Exercise. Exercise.
Dehydration of J ust 1 Dehydration of J ust 1- -2% of the Athlete 2% of the Athlete s s
Body Weight can Negatively Influence Body Weight can Negatively Influence
Performance. Performance.
Dehydration of More Than 3% of the Athlete Dehydration of More Than 3% of the Athlete s s
Body Weight Increases an Athlete Body Weight Increases an Athlete s Risk of s Risk of
Heat Illness. Heat Illness.
Dehydration Dehydration
Warning Signs: Warning Signs:
Thirst. Thirst.
Irritability. Irritability.
Headache. Headache.
Weakness. Weakness.
Dizziness. Dizziness.
Cramps. Cramps.
Nausea. Nausea.
Decreased Performance. Decreased Performance.
What to Drink During Exercise What to Drink During Exercise
Water is the Best Replacement in Most Cases. Water is the Best Replacement in Most Cases.
If Exercise Lasts More Than 45 Minutes or is Intense, If Exercise Lasts More Than 45 Minutes or is Intense,
a Sports Drink Should be Provided During the a Sports Drink Should be Provided During the
Session. Session.
Use Sports Drinks Containing Carbohydrates. Use Sports Drinks Containing Carbohydrates.
The Carbohydrate Concentration in the Ideal Fluid The Carbohydrate Concentration in the Ideal Fluid
Replacement Solution Should be 6 Replacement Solution Should be 6- -8% (g/100ml). 8% (g/100ml).
Fluids Containing Low Sodiumare Beneficial to Fluids Containing Low Sodiumare Beneficial to
Increasing Thirst as Well as Offsetting the Amount Increasing Thirst as Well as Offsetting the Amount
Lost in Sweat. Lost in Sweat.
Cool Beverages at Temperatures of 50 Cool Beverages at Temperatures of 50- -59 Degrees 59 Degrees
Fahrenheit are Recommended. Fahrenheit are Recommended.
What NOT to Drink What NOT to Drink
During Exercise During Exercise
Fruit J uices, Carbohydrate Gels, Sodas, and Fruit J uices, Carbohydrate Gels, Sodas, and
Sports Drinks That Have Carbohydrate Levels Sports Drinks That Have Carbohydrate Levels
Greater Than 8%. This Affects Fluid Greater Than 8%. This Affects Fluid
Beverages Containing Caffeine, Alcohol, and Beverages Containing Caffeine, Alcohol, and
Carbonation Because They can Dehydrate the Carbonation Because They can Dehydrate the
Body. Body.
23
Hydration Tips Hydration Tips
Drink According to a Drink According to a
Schedule Based on Schedule Based on
Individual Needs. Individual Needs.
If You are Thirsty, You If You are Thirsty, You
are Already Dehydrated. are Already Dehydrated.
Drink Before, During, Drink Before, During,
and After Practices and and After Practices and
Games. Games.
Fluid Guidelines Fluid Guidelines
Before Exercise: Before Exercise:
Drink 17 Drink 17- -20 Ounces of Water or Sports Drink 2 20 Ounces of Water or Sports Drink 2- -3 3
Hours Before Exercise. Hours Before Exercise.
Drink Another 7 Drink Another 7- -10 Ounces of Water or Sports 10 Ounces of Water or Sports
Drink 10 Drink 10- -20 Minutes Before Exercise. 20 Minutes Before Exercise.
During Exercise: During Exercise:
Drink Early Drink Early - - Even Minimal Dehydration Even Minimal Dehydration
Compromises Performance. Compromises Performance.
In General, Drink at Least 7 In General, Drink at Least 7- -10 Ounces of Water 10 Ounces of Water
or Sports Drink Every 10 or Sports Drink Every 10- -20 Minutes. 20 Minutes.
After Exercise: After Exercise:
Within 2 Hours of Exercise, Drink Enough to Within 2 Hours of Exercise, Drink Enough to
Replace Any Weight Loss fromExercise. Replace Any Weight Loss fromExercise.
Drink Approximately 20 Drink Approximately 20- -24 Ounces of Water or 24 Ounces of Water or
Sports Drink Per Pound of Weight Loss. Sports Drink Per Pound of Weight Loss.
* Refer to Hydration and Fluid Replacement * Refer to Hydration and Fluid Replacement
Guidelines Hand Out. Guidelines Hand Out.
Thank You Thank You

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