EMT451T/MMA401T Major Test 1: 2012/09/19 Page 1 of 5

QUESTION 1 [13]
1.1 Matrix
1 2 2
2 4 1
2 1 4
B
(
(
=
(
(

has the following eigenvectors:
| | | | | |
1 2 3
0 1 1 ; 1 0 2 ; 3 1 1 .
T T T
X X X = = =
1.1.1 Write down the modal matrix M associated with B. Use the eigenvalues in the order given. (1)


0 1 3
1 0 1
1 2 1
M
(
(
=
(
(



1.1.2 Write down
1
M

, the inverse of M. (2)

5 1 1
3 6 6
1
1 1
2 2
1 1 1
3 6 6
2 5 1 0.333 0.833 0.167
1
0 0 3 3 0 0.5 0.5
6
2 1 1 0.333 0.167 0.167
M

( ( (
( ( (
= = =
( ( (
( ( (




1.1.3 According to James (2011:40),
1
M AM

A = . Use this relationship to determine the

eigenvalues of B. (4)


1
2 5 1 1 2 2 0 1 3
1
0 3 3 2 4 1 1 0 1
6
2 1 1 2 1 4 1 2 1
M AM

A =
( ( (
( ( (
=
( ( (
( ( (

30 0 0
1
0 18 0
6
0 0 6
(
(
=
(
(

5 0 0
0 3 0
0 0 1
(
(
=
(
(



1 2 3
5; 3; 1. = = =




EMT451T/MMA401T Major Test 1: 2012/09/19 Page 2 of 5


1.2 A specific SISO system is characterized by the fourth-order differential equation
4 3
2
4 3
3 4 5
t
d y d y dy
y e
dt dt dt

+ + = .
Assume all the initial conditions are known. Then the dynamic equations for this system may be
written as
and x Ax bu = +

.
T
y c x =
1.2.2 Determine the system matrix A. Clearly show your calculations. (5)
Let
1
x y =


2 1
dy
x x
dt
= =

2
3 2 2
d y
x x
dt
= =

3
4 3 3
d y
x x
dt
= =

2
4 4 2 1
2
4 1 2 3 4
3 4 5
4 0 3 5
t
t
x x x x e
x x x x x e

+ + =
= + +


0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
1 4 0 3
A
(
(
(
=
(
(



1.2.3 Write down the matrix b . (1)

| | 0 0 0 5
T
b =
QUESTION 2 [11]
2.1 Verify that the function ( )
j z
f z e = , where z is a complex variable, is analytic by making use of the
Cauchy-Riemann equations. Hint sin
jx
e cox j x = + (6)


( )
( )
j x j y
f z e
+
=


j x y
e

=


( ) cos sin
y
e x j x

= +
cos
y
u e x

= and sin
y
v e x

=
sin
y
x
u e x

= cos
y
x
v e x

=
cos
y
y
u e x

= sin
y
y
v e x

=

x y
u v = and
y x
v u =
Thus,

f satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations therefore f is analytic

EMT451T/MMA401T Major Test 1: 2012/09/19 Page 3 of 5


2.2 If a function f of a complex variable z is analytic and ( ) ( , ) ( , ) f z u x y jv x y = + , then

'( )
x x y y
f z u jv v ju = + = .
Use this fact and your results in 2.1 to prove that ( ) '
j z
f z je = .

( ) ' sin cos
y y
f z e x je x

= +


( ) sin cos
y
e x j x

= +

( ) cos sin
y
e j x j x

= +

( ) cos sin
y
j e x j x

( = +



j z
je = in 2.1 ( ) cos sin
jz y
e e x j x

= +


QUESTION 3 [10]
3.1 Consider the function
( )( )
( )
1 2
z
f z
z z
=
+

3.1.1 Write ( ) f z as partial fractions. (2)

( )( )
1 2
3 3
( )
1 2 1 2
z
f z
z z z z
= = +
+ +

3.1.2 Determine the Laurent series expansion of
( )( )
( )
1 2
z
f z
z z
=
+

valid for 0 1 3. z < + <
Hint: make use of the partial fractions in 3.1.1. (5)


( )( ) ( ) ( )
1 2
1 2
( ) ( ) ( )
1 2 3 1 3 2
z
f z f z f z
z z z z
= = + = +
+ +

About
1
1 3 1
3
z
z
+
+ < <



( )
( )
2
2 2 1 2 1
1 3 2 3 1 3 3
3 1
3
f z
z z z
= = =
+ + | |

|
\ .


( ) ( )
2 3
2 3
1 1
2 1
1 ...
9 3 3 3
z z
z
(
+ +
+
= + + + + (
(



( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
2 1 2 1 1
2
...
9 27 81 243
z z z + + +

= + +

( ) ( )
1 2
( )
3 1 3 2
f z
z z
= +
+


( )
( ) ( ) ( )
2 3
2 1 2 1 1
1 2
...
3 1 9 27 81 243
z z z
z
+ + +

= + + +
+




EMT451T/MMA401T Major Test 1: 2012/09/19 Page 4 of 5


3.1.3 Name the type of singularity in ( ) f z at

1 z = and give a reason for your answer. (2)
1 z =

is a simple pole.
The Laurent series has one term in the principle part of the series expansion.
3.1.4 Use your answer in 3.1.2 to write down the residue of the expansion. (1)

| |
1
Res ( ), 1
3
f z =
QUESTION 4 [11]
Use Cauchys integral theorem to determine the following contour integrals:
4.1
( )
3
3
C
z
dz
z z j
+

}

along C: 2 1 z = (3)

Simple pole at 0 z = , third order pole at z j =
No poles enclosed in C

According to Cauchys integral formula
( )
3
3
0
C
z
dz
z z j
+
=

}


4.2
( )
3
3
C
z
dz
z z j
+

}

along C: 2 z = (8)
0 z = and z j = are enclosed in C


( )
( ) ( )
( )
1 2
3 3
3
C
f z f z
z
I dz dz dz
z
z z j z j
+
= = +

} } }



( )
( )
1 3
3 z
f z
z j
+
=

( )
2
3 z
f z
z
+
=

( )
( )
1 3
3 3
0 f
j
j
= =

( )
( )
2 2 2
3
3
'
z z
f z
z z
+

= =

( )
2 3
6
'' f z
z
=
( )
2 3
6 6
'' f j
j j

= =

( )
( )
3
3
3
3
z
z
z j
z
I dz dz
z
z j
+
+

= +

} }



3 1 6
2 2
2!
j j
j j
t t
| | | |
= +
| |
\ . \ .


6 6 0 t t = =


EMT451T/MMA401T Major Test 1: 2012/09/19 Page 5 of 5


QUESTION 5 [7]
Consider the function
( )( )
2
2
2
( )
1 2
z
f z
z z
=
+ +
5.1 Identify the zeros and singularities of ( ) f z . Classify the singularities. (3)

( )( ) ( )
2 2
2 2
2
1 2 ( )( ) 2
z z
z z z j z j z
=
+ + + +


Zero at 0 z = Simple poles at z j =

Pole of order two at 2 z =

5.2 Use Cauchys residue theorem to determine
( )( )
2
2
2
1 2
C
z
dz
z z + +
}
along : 3 1 C z + = . (4)
Pole of order two at 2 lies on C, z = z j = not enclosed in C

2
2
( 2)
Res[ ( ), 2] lim
z
z
d
f z
dz

+
=
2
2
1
( 2)
z
z +
2
( 1) z
(
(
+ (



( )
( )
2 2
2
2 2
2 1 2
lim
1
z
z z z z
z

+
=
+


( )
2
2 2
2
lim
1
z
z
z

=
+


4
25

=


( )( )
2
2
2
4 8
2
25 25
1 2
C
z j
dz j
z z
t
t

= =
+ +
}