Chapter 2: Transformers

2-1. The secondary winding of a transformer has a terminal voltage of ( ) 282.

8 sin 377 V s
vt t = . The turns
ratio of the transformer is 100:200 (a = 0.50). If the secondary current of the
transformer is
() ( ) 7.07 sin 377 36.87 A s
it t =- , what is the primary current of this transformer? What are its voltage
regulation and efficiency? The impedances of this transformer referred to the p
rimary side are

eq 0.20 R =? 300
C R =?

eq 0.750 X =? 80
M X =?
SOLUTION The equivalent circuit of this transformer is shown below. (Since no
particular equivalent circuit
was specified, we are using the approximate equivalent circuit referred to the p
rimary side.)

The secondary voltage and current are The secondary voltage and current are


282.8
0 V 200 0 V
2
S =?=? V

7.07
36.87 A 5 -36.87 A
2
S =?- =? I
The secondary voltage referred to the primary side is
100 0 V SS a '
==? VV
The secondary current referred to the primary side is
10 36.87 A S
S
a
'
==?-
I
I
The primary circuit voltage is given by
() eq eq PSS RjX ''
=+ + VVI
( )( ) 100 0 V 10 36.87 A 0.20 0.750 106.2 2.6 V P j =?+?- ?+ ?= ? V
The excitation current of this transformer is

EX
106.2 2.6 V 106.2 2.6 V 0.354 2.6 1.328 87.4
300 80
CM
j
? ?
=+=+=?+?-
??
III

EX 1.37 72.5 A =?- I Therefore, the total primary current of this transformer
is

EX 10 36.87 1.37 72.5 11.1 41.0 A PS
'
=+ =?- + ?- = ?- II I
The voltage regulation of the transformer at this load is

106.2 100
VR 100% 100% 6.2% 100
PS
S
VaV
aV
--
== =
The input power to this transformer is
()() () IN cos 106.2 V 11.1 A cos 2.6 41.0 PP PVI ? ==


()() IN 106.2 V 11.1 A cos 43.6 854 W P ==
The output power from this transformer is
( )( ) ( ) OUT cos 200 V 5 A cos 36.87 800 W SS PVI ? == =
Therefore, the transformers efficiency is

OUT 800 W 100% 100% 93.7% 854 W
P
P
? = = = 2-2. A 20-kVA 8000/480-V distribution transformer has the following res
istances and reactances:
? = 32 P R ? = 05 . 0 S R
? = 45 P X 0.06
S X =?
? = k 250 C R ? = k 30 M X
The excitation branch impedances are given referred to the high-voltage side o
f the transformer.
(a) Find the equivalent circuit of this transformer referred to the high-voltage
side.
(b) Find the per-unit equivalent circuit of this transformer.
(c) Assume that this transformer is supplying rated load at 480 V and 0.8 PF lag
ging. What is this
transformers input voltage? What is its voltage regulation?
(d) What is the transformers efficiency under the conditions of part (c)?
SOLUTION
(a) The turns ratio of this transformer is a = 8000/480 = 16.67. Therefore,
the secondary impedances
referred to the primary side are
()( )
2 2
16.67 0.05 13.9
SS RaR '
== ?=?
()( )
2 2
16.67 0.06 16.7
SS XaX '
== ?=?