Report On Mutual Fund

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SURESH GYAN VIHAR UNIVERSITY

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION:
1.1 MUTUAL FUND
Mutual fund is a pool of money collected from investors and is invested according to certain
investment options. A mutual fund is a trust that pools the saving of a no. of investors who
share a common financial goal. A mutual fund is created when investors put their money
together. It is, therefore, a pool of investor's fund. The money thus collected is then invested
in capital market instruments such as shares, debentures and other securities. The income
earned through these investments and the capital appreciations realized are shared by its unit
holders in proportion to the no. of units owned by them.
The most important characteristics of a fund are that the contributors and the beneficiaries of
the fund are the same class of people namely the investors. The term mutual fund means the
investors contribute to the pool and also benefit from the pool. The pool of funds held
mutually by investors is the mutual fund.
A mutual fund business is to invest the funds thus collected according to the wishes of the
investors who created the pool. Usually the investors appoint professional investment
managers create a product and offer it for investment to the investors. This project represents
a share in the pool and pre status investment objectives.
Thus, a mutual fund is the most suitable investment for a common man as it offers an
opportunity to invest in a diversified, professionally managed basket of securities at relatively
low cost.

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Figure: - 1
1.2 ORGANIZATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS
There are many entities involved and the diagram below illustrates the organizational set up
of a mutual fund:

Figure: - 2
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FEATURES THOSE INVESTORS LIKE IN MUTUAL FUND:
If mutual funds are emerging as the favourite investment vehicle it is because of the many
advantages. They have over other forms and avenues of investing parties for the investors
who has limited resources available in terms of capital and ability to carry out detailed
reserves and market monitoring. These are the major advantages offered by mutual fund to all
investors:
Professional Management: Mutual Funds provide the services of experienced and
skilled professionals, backed by a dedicated investment research team that analyses
the performance and prospects of companies and selects suitable investments to
achieve the objectives of the scheme.
Diversification: Mutual Funds invest in a number of companies across a broad cross-
section of industries and sectors. This diversification reduces the Ask because seldom
do all stocks decline at the same time and in the same proportion. You achieve this
diversification through a Mutual Fund with far less money than you can do on your
own.
Convenient Administration: Investing At a Mutual Fund reduces paperwork and
helps you avoid many problems such as bad deliveries, delayed payments and follow
up with brokers and companies. Mutual Funds save your time and make investing
easy and convenient.
Return Potential: Over a medium to long-term, Mutual Funds have the potential to
provide a higher return as they invest in a diversified basket of selected securities.
Low Costs: Mutual Funds are a relatively less expensive way to invest compared to
directly investing in the capital markets because the benefits a scale in brokerage,
custodial and other fees translate into lower costs for investors.
Liquidity: In open-end schemes, the investor gets the money back promptly at net
asset value related prices from the Mutual Fund. In closed-end schemes, the units can
be sold on a stock exchange at the prevailing market price or the investor can avail of
the facility of direct repurchase at NAV related prices by the Mutual Fund.
Transparency: You get regular information on the value a your investment in addition
A disclosure on the specific investments made by your scheme, the proportion
invested in each class of assets and the fund manager's investment strategy and
outlook.
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Flexibility: Through features such as regular investment plans, regular withdrawal
plans and dividend reinvestment plans, you can systematically invest or withdraw
funds according to your needs and convenience.
Affordability: Investors individually may lack sufficient funds to invest in high-grade
stocks. A mutual fund because of its large corpus allows even a small investor to take
the benefit of its investment strategy.
Well Regulated: All Mutual Funds are registered with SEBI and they function within
the provisions of strict regulations designed to protect the interests of investors. The
operations of Mutual Funds are regularly monitored by SEBI.

DISADVANTAGES OF MUTUAL FUNDS:
Above I have mentioned the various advantages of Mutual Funds but it also suffers from a lot
of drawbacks as the market is volatile and it is ever affected by national as well as
international factors, these days we can see that crude oil prices in International market has
become an important factor in determining the market movement Here are some
disadvantages as cited by me and by survey:
Fluctuating Returns: Mutual funds are like many other investments without a
guaranteed return: there: always the possibility that the value of your mutual fund will
depreciate. Unlike fixed-income products, such as bonds and Treasury bills, mutual
funds experience price fluctuations along with the stocks that make up the fund. When
deciding on a particular fund to buy, you need to research the risks involved - just
because a professional manager is looking after the fund, that doesn't mean the
performance will be always good.
Diversification: Although diversification is one of the keys to successful investing
many mutual fund investors tend to over diversify. The idea of diversification is to
reduce the risks associated with holding a single security; over diversification (also
known as diversification) occurs when investors acquire many funds that are highly
related and, as a result, don't get the risk reducing benefits of diversification. At the
other extreme, just because you own mutual funds doesn't mean you are automatically
diversified. For example, a fund that invests only in a particular industry or region is
still relatively risky. For example: Sectoral Funds
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Cash, Cash and .re Cash: As you know already, mutual funds pool money from
thousands of investors, so everyday investors are putting money into the fund as well
as withdrawing investments. To maintain liquidity and the capacity to accommodate
withdrawals, funds typically have to keep a large portion of their portfolios as cash.
Having ample cash is great for liquidity, but money sitting around as cash is not
working for you and thus is not very advantageous.
Costs: Mutual funds provide investors with professional management, but it comes at
a cost. Funds will typically have a range of different fees that reduce the overall
payout. In mutual funds, the fees are classified into two categories: shareholder fees
and annual operating fees.
The shareholder fees, in the forms of loads and redemption fees are paid directly by
shareholders purchasing or selling the funds. The annual fund operating fees are charged as
an annual percentage - usually ranging from 1-3%. These fees are assessed to mutual fund
investors regardless of the performance of the fund. As you can imagine, in years when the
fund doesn't make money, these fees only magnify losses.
1.3 HISTORY OF MUTUAL FUNDS
The mutual fund industry in India started in 1963 with the formation of Unit Trust of India, at
the initiative of the Reserve Bank and the Government of India. The objective was to attract
small investors and introduce them to market investments. Since then, the history of mutual
fund in India can be broadly divided into three distinct phases.
Phase I- 1964-1987 (Unit Trust of India)
An Act of Parliament established Unit Trust of India (UTI) on 1963. It was set up by
the Reserve Bank of India and functioned under the Regulatory and administrative
control of the Reserve Bank of India. In 1978 UTI was de-linked from the RBI and
the Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI) took over the regulatory and
administrative control in place of RBI. The first scheme launched by UTI was Unit
Scheme 1964, followed by ULIP in 1971, CGGA 1986 Mastershare 1987. UTI was
the only player in the market enjoying the monopoly. At the end of 1988 UTI had
Rs.6, 700 crores of assets under management It was huge mobilization on funds.
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So, Unit Trust of India was the first mutual fund set up in India in the year 1963. In
early 1990s, Government allowed public sector banks and institutions to set up mutual
hinds.
In the year 1992, Securities and exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act was passed. The
objectives of SEBI are - to protect the interest fit in securities and to promote the
development of and to regulate the securities market.
As far as mutual funds are concerned, SEBI formulates policies and regulates the
mutual funds to protect the interest of the investors. SEBI notified regulations for the
mutual funds in 1993. Thereafter, mutual funds sponsored by private sector entities
were allowed to enter the capital market. The regulations were fully revised in 1996
and have been amended thereafter from time to time. SEBI has also issued guidelines
to the mutual funds from time to time to protect the interests of investors.
All mutual funds whether promoted by public sector or private sector entities
including those promoted by foreign entities are governed by the same set of
Regulations. There is no distinction in regulatory requirements for these mutual funds
and all are subject to monitoring and inspections by SEBI. The risks associated with
the schemes launched by the mutual funds sponsored by these entities are of similar
type. It may be mentioned here that Unit Trust of India (UTI) is not registered with
SEBI as a mutual fund (as on January 15, 2002). The total amount mobilized was
2175 crores and assets under management were 6700 crores.
Phase 2-1987-1993(entry of public sector)
1987 marked the entry of non- UTI, public sector mutual funds set up by public sector
banks and Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance
Corporation of India (GIC). SBI Mutual Fund was the first non- UTI Mutual Fund
established in June 1987 followed by Can bank Mutual Fund (Dec 87), Punjab
National Bank Mutual Fund (Aug 89), Indian Bank Mutual Fund (Nov 89), Bank of
India (June 90), Bank of Baroda Mutual Fund (Oct 92). LIC established its mutual
fund in June 1989 while GIC had set up its mutual fund in December 1990.ln phase 2
also UTI was the undisputed leader.
At the end of 1993, the mutual fund industry had assets under management of Rs.47,
004 crores. It was the time when mindset of the consumer changed to some extent

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Phase 3- 1993-1996(emergence of private funds)
With the entry of private sector funds in 1993, a new era started in the Indian mutual
fund industry, giving the Indian investors a wider choice of fund families. Also, 1993
was the year in which the first Mutual Fund Regulations came into being, under which
all mutual funds, except UTI were to be registered and governed. The erstwhile
Kothari Pioneer (now merged with Franklin Templeton) was the Out private sector
mutual fund registered in July 1993.
The 1993 SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations were substituted by a more
comprehensive and revised Mutual Fund Regulations hi 1996. The industry .w
functions under the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996.
The number of mutual fund houses went on increasing, with many foreign mutual
funds setting up funds in India and also the industry has witnessed several mergers
and acquisitions. Indian mutual fund industry also saw many joint venture of foreign
fund management companies with Indian promoters. Competition increased the
investor servicing technique. Investor started becoming selective. As at the end of
January 2003, there were 33 mutual funds with total assets of Rs. 1, 21,805 crores.
The Unit mitt of India with Rs.44, 541 crores of assets under management was way
ahead of other mutual funds.
Phase 4-1996(SEBI regulation for mutual funds)
In February 2003, following the repeal of the Unit Trust of India Act 1963 UTI was
bifurcated into two separate entities. One is the Specified Undertaking of the Unit
Trust of India with assets under management of 0.29,835 crores as at the end of
January 2003, representing broadly, the assets of US 64 scheme, assured return and
certain other schemes. The Specified Undertaking of Unit Trust of India, functioning
under an administrator and under the rules framed by Government of India and does
not come under the purview of the Mutual Fund Regulations. 1999 marks the
beginning of a new phase in the history of the mutual fund industry in India, a phase
of significant in terms of both amounts mobilized from investor and asset under
management.
The size of the industry is growing rapidly, as seen by the figure of asset under
management that has gone from over Rs. 113,005 crores, a growth of nearly 60%in
just one year. Within the growing industry, by March 2000, the relative market shares
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of different players in terms of amount mobilized and assets management having
undergone a change.
The second is the UTI Mutual Fund Ltd, sponsored by SBI, PNB, BOB and LIC. It is
registered with SEBI and functions under the Mutual Fund Regulations. With the
bifurcation of the erstwhile UTI which had in March 2000 more than Rs.76,000 crores
of assets under management and with the setting up of a UTI Mutual Fund,
conforming to the SEBI Mutual Fund Regulations, and with recent mergers taking
place among different private sector funds, the mutual fund industry has entered its
current phase of consolidation and growth. As at the end of June 2007 there are 33
players in the mutual fund industry.
1.4 ASSOCIATION OF MUTUAL FUNDS IN INDIA (AMFI)
With the increase in mutual fund players in India, a need for mutual fund association in India
was generated to function as a non-profit organization. Association of Mutual Funds in India
(AMFI) was incorporated on 22nd August, 1995.
AMFI is an apex body of Al Asset Management Companies (AMC) which has been
registered with SEBI. Till date Al the AMCs are that have launched mutual fund schemes are
its members. It functions under the supervision and guidelines of its Board of Directors.
Association of Mutual Funds India has brought down the Indian Mutual Fund Industry to a
professional and healthy market with ethical lines enhancing and maintaining standards. It
follows the principle of both protecting and promoting the interests of mutual funds as well as
their unit holders.
The objectives of Association of Mutual Funds (AMFI) in India
The Association a Mutual Funds of India works with 30 registered AMC s of the country. It
has certain defined objectives which juxtaposes the guidelines of its Board of Directors. The
objectives are as follows: This mutual lid association of India maintains a high professional
and ethical standard in all areas of operation of the industry.
It also recommends and promotes the top class business practices and code of conduct which
s followed by members and related people engaged in the activities of mutual fund and asset
management The agencies who are by any means connected or involved in the field of capital
markets and financial services also involved in this code of conduct of the association.
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AMFI interacts with SEBI and works according to SEBIs guidelines in the mutual fund
industry. Association of Mutual Fund of India does represent the Government of India, the
Reserve Bank of India and other related bodies on matters relating to the Mutual Fund
Industry.
It develops a team of well qualified and trained Agent distributors. It implements a program
of training and certification for all intermediaries and other engaged in the mutual fund
industry. AMFI undertakes all India awareness programme for investors in order to promote
proper understanding of the concept and working of mutual funds. At last but not the least
association of mutual fund of India also disseminate information's on Mutual Fund Industry
and undertakes studies and research either directly or in association with other bodies.
1.5 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Regulatory Jurisdictions of SEBI:
SEBI is the apex regulatory of capital market. SEBI has enacted the SEBI (Mutual Fund)
regulation 1996 which provides the scope of regulation of Mutual Fund in India. All mutual
funds are required to be mandatory registered with SEBI. The structure and formation of
Mutual Funds, appointment of key functionaries, operations of Mutual Funds, accounting and
disclosure norms, rights and obligations of functionaries and investors, investment
restrictions, compliance and penalties all are defined under the SEBI registration. Mutual
Fund has to be sending half yearly compliance reports to SEBI and promote all information
about their operations.
Regulatory Jurisdiction of RBI:
RBI is the monetary authority of the country and is also the regulatory of banking system.
Earlier bank sponsored mutual fund were under the dual regulatory control of RBI and SEBI.
These provisions are no longer in vogue. SEBI is the regulator of all mutual funds. The
present position is that RBI is involved with the mutual fund industry only to the limited
extent of being the regulator of the sponsor of bank sponsored mutual funds.
Role of Ministry of Finance in Mutual Fund:
The finance ministry is the supervisor of both RBI and SEBI. The ministry of finance is also
the appellate authority under SEBI Regulation. Aggrieved parties can make appeal to the
Ministry of Finance on the SEBI ruling relating the Mutual Fund.
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Role of Companies Act in Mutual Fund:
The AMC and the Trustee Company may be structured as limited companies, which may
come under the regulatory purview of the Company Law Board (CLB). The provisions of the
Companies Act 1956, is applicable to these forms of organization. The company law Board is
the apex regulatory authority for company. Any grievance agency the AMC or the trustee can
be addressed to the company law board for redresses.
Role of Stock Exchange:
If a mutual fund is listed its scheme on stock exchange such listing are subject to the listing
regulation of Stock Exchange. Mutual Funds have to sign the listing agreement and abide by
its provisions which primarily deal with the periodic notification and disclosure of
information that may impart the trading of listed units.
1.6 LEGAL STRUCTURE
Mutual Fund has a unique structure not shared with other entities such as companies or the
firms. It is important for the employees and agents to b of the special nature of the structure
because it determines the rights and responsibilities of the fund's constitutes viz. sponsor
trustee, custodian, transfer agents and of course the AMC. The legal structure also drives the
inter relationship between these constituents.
Like other countries India has a legal framework within which Mutual Funds must be
constituted along one unique structure as unit trust. A mutual fund in India is allowed to issue
open ended and a close ended under a common legal structure. Therefore, a mutual fund may
have several different schemes under it at any point of time.
THE FUND SPONSOR: Sponsor is defined by the SEBI regulation as any person who
acting alone or in combination with another body corporate establishes a mutual fund. The
sponsor of a fund is taken as he gets the fund registered With the SEBI.
The sponsor will form a trust and appoints the Board of trustee. The sponsor will also
generally appoint the AMC as the fund managers. The sponsor, either directly or acting
through the trustee will also appoints a custodian to hold the fund asset. All these
appointments are made in accordance with the guidelines of SEBI. As per the existing SEBI
regulations for a person to quantify as the sponsor he must contribute at least 40% of the net
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worth of the AMC and possess a second final track over a period of 5 years prior to
registration.
MUTUAL FUND AS A TRUST: A mutual fund is constituted in form of a public trust
created under the INDIA TRUST ACT, 1882. The fund sponsor act as the settlers of the trust
contributing to its initial capital and appoints a Trustee to hold the asset of the trust for the
benefits of the unit holders who are the beneficiaries of the trust. The fund then invites
investors to contribute their money in a common pool by subscribing to units issued by
various schemes established by the trust unit being the evidence of their beneficial interest in
the fund.
TRUSTEE: The trust the mutual fund may be managed by a board of trustee a body of
individuals or a trust company- a corporate body. Most of the funds in India are managed by
the board of trustee while the board is governed by the provisions of the Indian Trust Act
where the trustee is a corporate body, it would also be required to comply the provisions of
the Companies Act 1956 the board as an independent body act as the protector of the interest
of the unit holders. The trustees do not directly manage the portfolio of securities. For this
specialist function, they appoint the AMC. They ensure that the fund is managed by the AMC
as per the defined objective in accordance with the trust deed and regulations of SEBI. The
trust is created through a document called the Trust Deed and is executed by the fund sponsor
in favour of the trustee. The trust deed is required to be stamped as registered under the
provisions of the Indian Regulatory Act and regulation with SEBI clause in the trust deed,
inter alias, deal with the establishment of the trust, the appointment of the trustee , their
powers and duties and the obligation of the trustee towards the unit holders and the AMC.
These clauses also specify activity that the fund / AMC can't undertake. The third schedule of
the SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulatory Act, 1996 specifies the content of the Trust Deed.
1.7 ASSET MANAGEMENT COMPANY
Its appointment and function:
The role of AMC is to act as the investment manager of the trust. The sponsor, or the trustee,
if so authorized by the trust deed appoints the AMC. The AMC so appointed is required to be
approved by the SEBI. Once approved, the AMC functions under the supervision of its own
directors and also under the direction of the trustee and the SEBI. The trustees are
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empowered to terminate the appointment of the AMC by majority and appoint a new one
with the prior approval of the SEBI and the unit holders.
The AMC would, in the name of the trust, float and then manage the direct investment
schemes as per regulations of the SEBI and as per Investment Management Agreement it
signs with the trustee. Chapter IV of SEBI (MF) Regulations, 1996 describes the issue
relevant to appointment, eligibility criteria and the restrictions on the business activities and
obligations of the AMC.
The AMC of the mutual fund have a net worth of at least Rs. 10 crores at all the time.
Directors of the AMC, both independent and non independent should have adequate
professional experience in the financial services and should be individuals of high moral
standing, a condition also applicable to other key personnel of the AMC. The AMC cannot
act as a trustee of any other mutual fund. Besides it's role as advisory services and consulting,
provided these activities are run independently of one another rand the AMC resources ( such
as personnel, system etc.) are properly segregated by activity. The AMC must always act in
the interest of the unit holders and report to the trustee with respect to its activities.
1.8 TYPES OF MUTUAL FUND
Schemes according to Maturity Period
A mutual fund scheme can be classified into open-ended scheme or close-ended scheme
depending on its maturity period.
Open-ended Fund/ Scheme:
An open-ended fund or scheme is one that is available for subscription and repurchase on a
continuous basis. These schemes do not have a fixed maturity period. Investors can
conveniently buy and sell units at Net Asset Value (NAV) related prices which are declared
on a daily basis. The key feature of open-end schemes is liquidity.
Close-ended Fund/ Scheme:
A close-ended fund or scheme has a stipulated maturity period e.g. 5-7 years. The fund is
open for subscription only during a specified period at the time of launch of the scheme.
Investors can invest in the scheme at the time of the initial public issue and thereafter they
can buy or sell the units of the scheme on the stock exchanges where the units are listed. In
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order to provide an exit route to the investors, some close-ended funds give an option of
selling back the units to the mutual fund through periodic repurchase at NAV related prices.
SEBI Regulations stipulate that at least one of the two exit routes is provided to the investor
i.e. either repurchase facility or through listing on stock exchanges. These mutual funds
schemes disclose NAV generally on weekly basis.
Schemes according to Investment Objective
A scheme can also be classified as growth scheme, income scheme, or balanced scheme
considering its investment objective. Such schemes may be open-ended or close-ended
schemes as described earlier. Such schemes may be classified mainly as follows:
Grow. / Equity Oriented Scheme:
The aim of growth funds is to provide capital appreciation over the medium to king- term.
Such schemes normally invest a major part of their corpus in equities. Such funds have
comparatively high risks. These schemes provide different options to the investors like
dividend option, capital appreciation, etc. and the investors may choose an option depending
on their preferences. The investors must indicate the option in the application form. The
mutual funds also allow the investors to change the options at a later date.
Income / Debt Oriented Scheme:
The aim of income funds is to provide regular and steady income to investors. Such schemes
generally invest in fixed income securities such as bonds, corporate debentures, Government
securities and money market instruments. Such funds are less risky compared to equity
schemes. These funds are not affected because of fluctuations in equity markets. However,
opportunities of capital appreciation are also limited in such funds. The NAVs of such funds
are affected because of change in interest rates in the country. If the interest rates fall, NAVs
of such funds are likely to increase in the short run and vice versa. However, long term
investors may not bother about these fluctuations.
Balanced Fund:
The aim of balanced funds is to provide both growth and regular income as such schemes
invest both in equities and fixed income securities in the proportion indicated in their offer
documents. These are appropriate for investors looking for moderate growth. They generally
invest 40-60% in equity and debt instruments. These funds are also affected because of
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fluctuations in share prices in the stock markets. However, NAVs of such funds are likely to
be less volatile compared to pure equity funds.
Money Market or Liquid Fund:
These funds are also income funds and their aim is to provide easy liquidity, preservation of
capital and moderate income. These schemes invest exclusively in safer short-term
instruments such as treasury bills, certificates of deposit, commercial paper and inter-bank
call money, government securities, etc. Returns on these schemes fluctuate much less
compared to other funds. These funds are appropriate for corporate and individual investors
as a means to park their surplus funds for short periods.
Gilt Fund:
These funds invest exclusively in government securities. Government securities have no
default risk. NAVs of these schemes also fluctuate due to change in interest rates and other
economic factors as is the case with income or debt oriented schemes.
Index Funds:
Index Funds replicate the portfolio of a particular index such as the BSE Sensitive index,
S&P NSE SO index (Nifty), etc. These schemes invest in the securities in the same weightage
comprising of an index. NAVs of such schemes would rise or fall in accordance with the rise
or fall in the index, though n. exactly by the same percentage due to some factors known as
"tracking error" in technical terms. Necessary disclosures in this regard are made in the offer
document of the mutual fund scheme.
Sector specific Funds/schemes:
These are the funds/schemes which invest in the securities of only those sectors or industries
as specified in the offer documents. e.g. Pharmaceuticals, Software, Fast Moving Consumer
Goods (FMCG), Petroleum stocks, etc. The returns in these funds are dependent on the
performance of the respective sectors/industries. While these funds may give higher returns,
they are more risky compared to diversified funds. Investors need to keep a watch on the
performance of those sectors/industries and must exit at an appropriate time. They may also
seek advice of an expert.

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Tax Saving Schemes
These schemes offer tax rebates to the investors under specific provisions of the Income Tax
Act, 1961 as the Government offers tax incentives for investment in specified avenues. e.g.
Equity Linked Savings Schemes (ELSS). Pension schemes launched by the mutual funds also
offer tax benefits. These schemes are growth oriented and invest pre-dominantly in equities.
Their growth opportunities and risks associated are like any equity-oriented scheme.
Load or no-load Fund
A Load Fund is one that charges a percentage of NAV for entry or exit. That is, each time
one buys or sells units in the fund, a charge will be payable. This charge is used by the
mutual fund for marketing and distribution expenses. Suppose the NAV per unit is Rs.10. If
the entry as well as exit load charged is 1%, then the investors who buy would be required to
pay Rs.10.10 and those who offer their units for repurchase to the mutual fund will get only
Rs.9.90 per unit. The investors should take the loads into consideration while making
investment as these affect their yields/returns. However, the investors should also consider
the performance track record and service standards of the mutual fund which are more
important. Efficient funds may give higher returns in spite of loads.
A no-load hind is one that does not charge for entry or exit. It means the investors can enter
the fund/scheme at NAV and no additional charges are payable on purchase or sale of units.
The importance of accounting knowledge

The balance sheet of a mutual fund is different from the normal balance sheet of a bank or a
company. All the fund assets belong to tire investors and no held in the fiduciary capacity for
them. Mutual fund employees need to be aware of the special requirement concerning
accounting for the fund's assets, liabilities and transactions with investors and the outsiders
like banks, custodians and registrars. This knowledge will help them better understand their
responsibilities and their place in the organization, by getting an overview of the functioning
of the fund.
Even the mutual fund agents need to understand the accounting for the funds transaction with
investors and how the fund accounts for its assets and liabilities, as the knowledge is essential
for them to perform their basic role in explaining the mutual fund performance to the
investor.
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For example, unless the agent knows how the NAV is computed, he cannot use even simple
measures such as NAV change to assess the fund performance. He also should understand the
impact of dividends paid out by the fund or entry/exit loads paid by the investors on the
calculation of the NAV and therefore the fund performance.
The mutual funds in India are required to follow the accounting policies as laid down by the
SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations 1996 and amendments M 1998.

1.9 NET ASSET VALUE

The performance of a particular scheme of a mutual fund is denoted by Net Asset Value
(NAV). Mutual funds invest the money collected from the investors in securities markets. In
simple words, Net Asset Value is the market value of the securities held by the scheme. Since
market value of securities changes every day, NAV of a scheme also varies on day to day
basis. The NAV per unit is the market value of securities of a scheme divided by the total
number of units of the scheme on any particular date. For example, if the market value of
securities of a mutual fund scheme is Rs 200 lakhs and the mutual fund has issued 10 lakhs
units of Rs. 10 each to the investors, then the NAT per unit of the fund is Rs.20. NAV is
required to be disclosed by the mutual funds on a regular basis - daily or weekly - depending
on the type a scheme.
The net asset value of the fund is the cumulative market value of the assets fund net of its
liabilities. In other words, if the fund is dissolved or liquidated, by selling off all the assets A
the fund, this is the amount that the shareholders would collectively own. This gives rise to
the concept of net asset value per unit, which is the value, represented by the ownership of
one unit in the fund. It is calculated simply by dividing the net asset value of the fund by the
number of units. However, most people refer loosely to the NAV per unit as NAV, ignoring
the "per unit". We also abide by the same convention.

Calculation of NAV:
The most important part of the calculation is the valuation of the assets owned by the fund.
Once it is calculated, the NAV is simply the net value of assets divided by the number of
units outstanding. The detailed methodology for the calculation of the asset value is given
below.

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Asset value is equal to
Sum of market value of shares/debentures
+ Liquid assets/cash held, if any
+ Dividends/interest accrued
Amount due on unpaid assets
Expenses accrued but not paid

For liquid shares/debentures, valuation is done on the basis of the last or closing market price
on the principal for illiquid and unlisted and/or thinly traded shares/debentures, the value has
to be estimated. For shares, this could be the book value per share or an estimated market
price if suitable benchmarks are available. For debentures and bonds, value is estimated on
the basis of yields of comparable liquid securities after adjusting for illiquidity. The value of
fixed interest bearing securities moves in a direction opposite to it rate changes. Valuation of
debentures and bonds is a big problem since most of them are unlisted and thinly traded. This
gives considerable leeway to the AMCs on valuation and some of the AMCs are believed to
take advantage of this and adopt flexible valuation policies depending on the situation
exchange where the security is traded.
Interest is payable on debentures/bonds on a periodic basis say every 6 months. But, with
every passing day, interest is said to be accrued, at the daily interest rate, which is calculated
by dividing the periodic interest payment with the number of days in each period. Thus,
accrued interest on a particular day is equal to the daily interest rate multiplied by the number
of days since the last interest payment date.
Usually, dividends are proposed at the time of the Annual General meeting and become due
on the record date. There is a gap between the dates on which it becomes due and the actual
payment date. In the intermediate period, it is deemed to be "accrued".
Expenses including management fees, custody charges etc. are calculated on a daily basis.

1.10 MUTUAL FUND PERFORMANCE

THE INVESTORS PROSPECTIVE:
The investor would actually be interested in tracking the value of investment, whether he
invests directly in the market or indirectly through the mutual funds. . would have to make
intelligent decisions on whether he gets an acceptable return on his investment in the fund
18
selected by him or if he needs to switch to the fund.., therefore, needs to understand the basis
of appropriate performance measurement for the funds a. acquire the basic knowledge of the
different measures of evaluating the performance of a fund. Only then would he be in the
position to judge correctly whether his fund is performing well or not.

THE ADVISOR'S PROSPECTIVE:
If you are an intermediary recommending a mutual fund to a potential investor, he would
expect you to give him proper advice on which funds have a good performance track record.
If you want to be an effective investment advisor, then you too have to know how to measure
and evaluate the performance of the different funds available to the investors. The need to
compare the performance of the different funds requires the advisors to have knowledge of
the correct and appropriate measures of evaluating the fund performance.
DIFFERENT PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Remember that there are many ways to evaluate the performance of the fund. One must find
the most suitable measure, depending upon the type of fund one is looking at, the stated
investment objective of the fund and even depending on the current financial market
condition. Let us discuss few common measures.

Change in NAV: The most common measure.

Purpose: If the investor wants to compute the return on investment between two dates, he
can simply use the Per Unit Net Asset Value at the beginning and the end periods and
calculate the change in the value of the NAV between the two dates in absolute and
percentage terms.

Formula: For NAV change in absolute terms:

(NAV at the end of the period)- (NAV at the beginning of the period)

For NAV change in percentage terms:
(Absolute change in NAV/NAV at the beginning)*100
If period covered is less/more than one year: for annualized NAV change
[{(absolute change in NAV/NAV at the beginning)/months covered)*12)*100]
19
Suitability:
NAV change is the most commonly used by the investors to evaluate fund performance and
so is also most commonly published by the mutual fund managers. The advantage of this
measure is that it is easily understood and applies to virtually any type of fund.

Interpretation:
Whether the return in term of NAV growth is sufficient or not should be interpreted in light
of the investment objective of the fund, current market condition and alternative investment
returns. Thus, a long term growth fund or infrastructure fund will give lower returns when the
market is in bearish phase.

Limitation:

However, this measure does not always give the correct

picture, in case where the fund has
distributed to the investors a significant amount of the dividend in the interim period.

If in the above example, yearend NAV was Rs.22 after declaration and payment of dividend
of Re.1, the NAV change of 10% gives an incomplete picture.

Therefore, it is suitable for evaluating growth funds and accumulation plans of debt and
equity funds, but should be avoided for income funds and funds with withdrawal plans.

1.11 LIFE CYCLE STAGES

Life cycle guide to financial planning

Financial goal and plans depends to a large extent on the expenses and cash flow
requirements of individuals. It is well known that the age of the investors is an important
determinant of financial goals. Therefore, financial planners have segmented investors
according to certain stages.

20
Life Cycle Stage Financial Needs Ability to Invest Choice Of Investment
Childhood Stage Taken care of by
parents
Investment of gifts Long term
Young unmarried Immediate and short
term
Limited due to higher
spending
Liquid plans and short
term investment some
exposed to equity and
pension products
Young married with
children
Short and intermediate
term. Housing needs
consumer finance
needs
Limited due to higher
spending cash flow
requirement also
limited
Medium- long term
investment. Ability to
take risks, Fixed
income insurance and
equity
Young married with
children
Medium- long term
childrens education
holidays and consumer
finance housing
Limited financial
planning needs are
highest at this stage is
deal for discipline
spending and saving
regularly
Medium- long term
investments. Ability to
take risks Portfolio of
products for growth
and long term
Married with older
childrens
Medium term need for
children.
Higher saving needs
ratio.
Recommended for
intermittent for
intermittent cash flows
higher
Medium term
investment with high
liquidity needs.
Portfolio of products
including equity debts
and pension plans.
Retirement Stage Short to medium term Lower saving ratio,
higher requirement for
regular cash flows
Medium term
investments preference
for liquid and income
generating products
low appetite for risky
investments.
Table No.:1

21

CHARACTERISSTION OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF INVESTORS

Life cycle can be broadly classified into phases:
Birth and education
Earning Years
Retirement
On an average, the first stage lasts for 22 years, the second for 38 years and the last for 25-30
years. The earning year is when income and expenses are highest. The retirement stage is
when incomes are low and expenses are high.

CLASSIFICATION OF INVESTORS NEEDS

Needs are generically classified into protection needs and investment needs. Protection needs
refer to needs that have to be primarily taken care of to protect the living standards, current
requirements and survival requirement of investors. Need for retirement income and need for
insurance cover are protection needs. Investment needs are additional financial needs that can
be served through saving and investments. These are needs for children's professional
growth.

22
LITERATURE REVIEW: CHAPTER 2

Mutual fund has emerged as one of the best option for investment nowadays. Great amount of
research has been carried out on Investor buying behaviour on mutual fund.
Langer (1983) suggests that when these preferences are based on choices, there is
more ego involvement and attachment to the preferences, suggesting heightened level
of preference bias. This phenomenon is consistent with the prediction from Cognitive
Dissonance theory of Festinger (1957).
De Bondt and Thaler (1985) while investigating the possible psychological basis for
investor behaviour, argue that mean reversion in stock prices is an evidence of
investor over reaction where investors overemphasise recent firm performance in
forming future expectations.
Ippolito (1992) says that fund/scheme selection by investors is based on past
performance of the funds and money flows into winning funds more rapidly than
they flow out of losing funds
Robert J. Shiller (1993) reported that many investors do not have data analysis and
interpretation skills. This is because, data from the market supports the merits of
index investing, passive investors are more likely to base their investment choices on
information received from objective or scientific sources.
Gupta (1994) made a household investor survey with the objective to provide data on
the investor preferences on MFs and other financial assets. The findings of the study
were more appropriate, at that time, to the policy makers and mutual funds to design
the financial products for the future.
Kulshreshta (1994) offers certain guidelines to the investors in selecting the mutual
fund schemes.
Phillip (1995) reported that there is a change in financial decision-making and
investor behaviour as a result of participating in investor education programmes
sponsored by employees.
Sikidar and Singh (1996) carried out a survey with an objective to understand the
behavioural aspects of the investors of the North Eastern Region towards equity and
MFs investment portfolio. The survey revealed that the salaried and self employed
formed the major investors in MF primarily due to tax concessions.
23
Jambodekar (1996) conducted a study to assess the awareness of MFs among
investors, to identify the information sources influencing the buying decision and the
factors influencing the choice of a particular fund. The study reveals among other
things that Income Schemes and Open Ended Schemes are more preferred than
Growth Schemes and Close Ended Schemes during the then prevalent market
conditions. Investors look for safety of Principal, Liquidity and Capital appreciation
in the order of importance; Newspapers and Magazines are the first source of
information through which investors get to know about MFs/Schemes and investor
service is a major differentiating factor in the selection of MF Schemes.
Madhusudhan V Jambodekar (1996) conducted his study to size-up the direction of
mutual funds in investors and to identify factors influence mutual fund investment
decision. The study tells that open-ended scheme is most favored among other things
that income schemes and open-ended schemes and income schemes are preferred over
closed- ended and growth schemes. News papers are used as information source,
safety of principal amount and investor services are priority points for investing in
mutual funds.
Sujit Sikidar and Amrit Pal Singh (1996) conducted a survey to peep in to the
behavioural aspects of the investors of the North-Eastern region in direction of equity
and mutual fund investment. The survey resulted that because of tax benefits mutual
funds are preferred by the salaried and self-employed individuals. UTI and SBI
schemes were catch on in that region of the country over any other fund and the other
fund had been proved archaic during the time of survey.
Alexander et al., (1996) reported that only 18.9% of respondents could provide an
estimate of expenses for their largest MF holding. 57% stated that they did not know
what the expenses were even at the time they made the MF purchase. This suggests
insensitivity to costs and many investors do not use fund costs as an evaluative
criterion in making investment decisions.
Raja Rajan (1997) underlined segmentation of investors and mutual fund products to
increase popularity of mutual funds.
Syama Sunder (1998) conducted a survey to get an insight into the MF operations of
private institutions with special reference to Kothari Pioneer. The survey revealed that
the awareness about MF concept was poor during that time in small cities like
Vishakapatnam. Agents play a vital role in spreading the MF culture; open-end
24
schemes were much preferred then; age and income are the two important
determinants in the selection of fund / scheme; brand image and return are their prime
considerations.
According to Lu Zheng (1999) majority of Investors, making purchase in mutual
fund; do invest on the basis of short-term future performance and they use fund
specific information for their selection decision.
Shanmugham (2000) made a survey of 201 individual and found that psychological
and sociological factors have more influence amongst the all factors which have
influence on the Investors decision towards any financial assets
Lynch and Musto (2003) found that, there would be maximum investment in mutual
fund because ordinary Investors do not have time, experience, expertise and
knowledge to take investment decision independently.
Anand and Murugalah (2004) explored that, in order to attract Investor, financial
industries requires innovation in developing and delivering financial services to
survive and even to earn profit.
Ramamurthy and Reddy (2005) carried out a study to analyze recent trends in the
mutual fund industry and concluded that the major benefits delivered to the small and
retail Investor by mutual funds are professional management, diversification of
investment, convenient administration, return potential, liquidity, transparency,
flexibility, affordability, wide choice and proper regulation.
Desigan et al. (2006) conducted a study on women Investor perception towards
investment selection. Accordingly, women Investors generally avoid mutual fund, the
main reason is lack of awareness, investment procedures, entry and exit move etc.
K. Lashmana Rao (2011) made analysis of perception of Investor towards mutual
fund schemes, he made conclusion SEBI, AMFI, and IRDA should take appropriate
steps to enhance Investors knowledge for making more prudent decisions.
Jain and Jain (2013) made analysis of perception of investors buying behaviour of
urban rural for financial assets specifically focused on mutual fund, they made
conclusion different demographical factors have influence on buying behavioural
pattern of investor. The study shows that each demographical (age, gender, income,
educational qualification, occupation etc.) factor had significant bearing on both urban
and rural investors buying behavioural process.

25
CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

With the increasing competition in the financial market, you should identify investors buying
behaviour of financial assets. Both researches have shown that there is an impact of
demographic factors such as age, gender, income, culture, etc. in the investment decision; it
has become necessary for companies that are offering financial services to investors to
survive competitive market. This study tries to identify the various factors that can influence
the purchase decision of investors of Jaipur (Rajasthan State). The research is intended to
provide the solution to the question What kind of factors can influence the buying decision
of investors?

3.2 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study is expected to reveal the facts related to the buying behaviour of investors in
financial assets of mutual funds specifically. In August 2012, 44 asset management
companies (AMC) have been operating in India with assets under management (AUM)
reached EUR 6.4 trillion. However, after several years of continued growth, the industry has
seen a steady decline of 6.3 per cent and 5.1 per cent in its AUM in FY11 and FY12
respectively1. One reason could be changes in the regulatory directives such as prohibition of
entry load, KYC standards, guidelines on transaction costs, tighter assessment and advertising
standards - which have been introduced in a short period of time giving less time for the
industry to adjust in the new environment. It has been shown by research, companies that
provide financial services also cannot succeed without proper marketing strategy. Nowadays,
marketing not only meet human needs, but also generates the need. This study will help
companies of investment funds to explore new opportunities for market penetration in urban
and rural regions. Also enable companies of investment funds to identify the relative
importance of the role of financial advisor in the decision making process of the investor.
Finally , it would be possible to assess the impact of demographic factors in the decision
making process of investors, hence the mutual fund companies can prepare marketing
strategies , according to the findings of the investigation.

26
3.3 OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH

This research paper focused attention on number of factors that highlights investors
perception about mutual funds, these are to find,

To assess the impact of various demographic factors such as age, gender, income,
education, occupation, etc. on investor buying behaviour in Jaipur city.
To find Form of investment preferred by investor.
To find Preference of investor about different investment avenues.
To find investors Knowledge of risk in investment and risk analysis.
To find investors Preference for investing.
To find investors Preference upon time of holding of fund and preferred information
mode for investing in mutual fund or scheme.

3.4 THE HYPOTHESIS

a) Most of the investors prefer to invest in mutual fund schemes as their saving basket
because they are safe to invest in and a profitable mode among available investment
avenues.
b) Most of the investors prefer to choose short term investment in mutual fund for tax
saving purposes and they rely upon information given by agents and brokers for
investment in mutual funds.
c) Most of the investors know about the risk factors in their mutual fund investment /
scheme.
d) Most of the investor switchover from existing fund / scheme to new fund / scheme
with an object to gain more from changing market situation.
e) Most of the investors prefer to invest in open-end option of mutual fund scheme.
f) Maximum number of investors does not face loss in mutual fund investment hold by
them from more than a year.

27
3.5 METHODOLOGY

This research is Descriptive type of research study. It is related to the analysis of Investor
buying behaviour of Jaipur city for financial assets specifically focused on mutual funds.
The research is being carried with the use of primary data in that structure
Questionnaire is used as a tool for data collection. The questionnaire was personally
administered on the sample size of 120, elected on a convenient base from the city of Jaipur.
Questionnaire was prepared taking into account the various possible outcomes. Care is taken
minimize the possibility of misunderstanding and biased views. The five-point Likert scale
was used to analyze the different variables and their relationship. For analysis of statistical
data methods are applied with the help of SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science)
software, and Excel.

DATA SOURCE

The source of the data would be primary and secondary, primary data were collected through
questionnaire, the Secondary data were obtained from the related research work, published
books, journals and reports Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Association of
Mutual Fund in India (AMFI) Funds, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and other authorized
sources of data.

SAMPLING PLAN

Population: - Jaipur city
Sampling Unit: - Retail Investors
Sampling Method: - Non-Probability Sampling Specially Convenient sampling
Sample Size: - 120

28
CHAPTER 4
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
4.1 What is the age group you face in?

Age Group Frequency Percent Valid
Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid
20-30 24 20.0 20.0 20.0
30-40 28 23.3 23.3 43.3
40-50 20 16.7 16.7 60.0
50-60 22 18.3 18.3 78.3
Above 60 26 21.7 21.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table no.: 2

Figure No.:3
Interpretation:

This shows that the majority of people, who are being observed, are in the age group of 30-40
years.
Statistics

N
Valid 120
Missing 0
Mean 2.9833
Median 3.0000
Std. Deviation 1.44933
Variance 2.101
Minimum 1.00
Sum 358.00
29
4.2 What is your occupation?

Table No.: 3

Figure No.: 4
Interpretation:

This shows that most of the people who are investing in mutual fund are in service with
31.7% then followed by business class with 28.3%.

Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

Service 38 31.7 31.7 31.7
Business 34 28.3 28.3 60.0
Professional 6 5.0 5.0 65.0
Dependent 16 13.3 13.3 78.3
Retired 26 21.7 21.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Statistics

N
Valid 120
Missing 0
Mean 2.6500
Median 2.0000
Variance 2.448
Minimum 1.00
Sum 318.00
30
4.3 What is the per month income of your family?

Table No.: 4

Figure No.: 5

Interpretation:

This shows that the majority of people, who are being observed, are having monthly income
of 10,000 to 30,000rs. .

Statistics

N
Valid 120
Missing 0
Mean 2.3833
Median 2.0000
Variance 1.180
Minimum 1.00
Sum 286.00
Income Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent

< 10,000 30 25.0 25.0 25.0
10-30,000 40 33.3 33.3 58.3
30-50,000 24 20.0 20.0 78.3
> 50,000 26 21.7 21.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

31
4.4 What is your current attitude towards the following financial instruments, in Indian
capital market? (HF- highly favourable, F- favourable, SWF- somewhat favourable,
NVF- not very favourable, NAF- not at all favourable)

Saving

Percent
Valid
HF 20 16.7 16.7 16.7
F 53 44.2 44.2 60.8
SWF 24 20.0 20.0 80.8
NVF 19 15.8 15.8 96.7
NAF 4 3.3 3.3 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.: 5

FD

Percent
Valid
HF 36 30.0 30.0 30.0
F 50 41.7 41.7 71.7
SWF 16 13.3 13.3 85.0
NVF 13 10.8 10.8 95.8
NAF 5 4.2 4.2 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.: 6

Shares

Percent
Valid
HF 23 19.2 19.2 19.2
H 18 15.0 15.0 34.2
SWF 22 18.3 18.3 52.5
NVF 36 30.0 30.0 82.5
NAF 21 17.5 17.5 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.: 7

32
Bonds

Percent
Valid
F 8 6.7 6.7 6.7
SWF 16 13.3 13.3 20.0
NVF 19 15.8 15.8 35.8
NAF 77 64.2 64.2 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.: 8

Mutual Fund

Percent
Valid
HF 1 .8 .8 .8
F 11 9.2 9.2 10.0
SWF 40 33.3 33.3 43.3
NVF 45 37.5 37.5 80.8
NAF 23 19.2 19.2 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.: 9

Gold/ Real Estate

Percent
Valid
HF 61 50.8 50.8 50.8
F 44 36.7 36.7 87.5
SWF 12 10.0 10.0 97.5
NVF 1 .8 .8 98.3
NAF 2 1.7 1.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.: 10

Statistics

Saving FD Shares Bonds Mutual Fund Gold / Real Estate
N
Valid 120 120 120 120 120 120
Missing 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 2.4500 2.1750 3.1167 4.3750 3.6500 1.6583
Median 2.0000 2.0000 3.0000 5.0000 4.0000 1.0000
Std. Deviation 1.05201 1.10509 1.38530 .95321 .92264 .82499
33

Figure No.:6 Figure No.:7


34
4.5 What is your objective for investing? (Rank from 1- first preference to 3-last
preference)

Income generation

Percent
Valid
1st preference 40 33.3 33.3 33.3
2nd preference 58 48.3 48.3 81.7
3rd preference 22 18.3 18.3 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.:11

Tax saving

Percent
Valid
1st preference 62 51.7 51.7 51.7
2nd preference 50 41.7 41.7 93.3
3rd preference 8 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.:12

others

Percent
Valid
1st preference 18 15.0 15.0 15.0
2nd preference 12 10.0 10.0 25.0
3rd preference 90 75.0 75.0 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.:13
Statistics

Income generation Tax savings others
N
Valid 120 120 120
Missing 0 0 0
Mean 1.8500 1.5500 2.6000
Median 2.0000 1.0000 3.0000
Std. Deviation .70592 .61970 .73793
Table No.:14
35

Interpretation:

Regarding the objective for investing tax saving emerged at a clear cut winner with 51.7%
people preferring it, followed by income generation with 33.3%.

36
4.6 What is your priority while investing your money? (Rank from 1- first preference to
4-last preference)

Safety

Percent
Valid
1st preference 24 20.0 20.0 20.0
2nd preference 22 18.3 18.3 38.3
3rd preference 42 35.0 35.0 73.3
4th preference 32 26.7 26.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.:15

Higher returns

Percent
Valid
1st preference 10 8.3 8.3 8.3
2nd preference 50 41.7 41.7 50.0
3rd preference 24 20.0 20.0 70.0
4th preference 36 30.0 30.0 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.:16

Liquidity

Percent
Valid
1st preference 44 36.7 36.7 36.7
2nd preference 30 25.0 25.0 61.7
3rd preference 20 16.7 16.7 78.3
4th preference 26 21.7 21.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.:17

37
Tax benefits

Percent
Valid
1st preference 42 35.0 35.0 35.0
2nd preference 18 15.0 15.0 50.0
3rd preference 34 28.3 28.3 78.3
4th preference 26 21.7 21.7 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Table No.:18

Statistics

VAR00004 VAR00005 VAR00006 VAR00007
N
Valid 120 120 120 120
Missing 0 0 0 0
Mean 2.6833 2.7167 2.2333 2.3667
Median 3.0000 2.5000 2.0000 2.5000
Std. Deviation 1.07675 .98887 1.16484 1.17347
Table No.:19


38


Interpretation:
Out of the total sample size, priority is given to higher return followed by tax saving then
liquidity. It stated that people is more concerned about higher return.

39
4.7 Are you aware of mutual fund?

Table No.:20

Figure No.:18

Interpretation:

Out of the total sample size, 56.7% of people are aware about mutual fund.

Percent

Yes 68 56.7 56.7 56.7
No 52 43.3 43.3 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

Statistics

N
Valid 120
Missing 0
Mean 1.4333
Median 1.0000
Std. Deviation .49761
Variance .248
Minimum 1.00
Sum 172.00
40
4.8 From where you get information about mutual fund?

Table No.:21

Figure No.:19

Interpretation:

It is the most important aspect for investment. Accurate and appropriate information helps
investors to make decisions. Electronic media play a vital role in providing information about
mutual fund then followed by print media and brokers.

Statistics

N
Valid 120
Missing 0
Mean 2.4000
Median 2.0000
Variance 1.250
Minimum 1.00
Sum 288.00

Percent

Print Media 30 25.0 25.0 25.0
Electronic Media 42 35.0 35.0 60.0
Friends/Relatives 18 15.0 15.0 75.0
Brokers 30 25.0 25.0 100.0
Total 120 100.0 100.0

41
4.9 Kindly rank the reason of your not investing into the mutual fund? (Rank from 1-
first preference to 4-last preference)

Lack of confidence

Percent
Valid
1st preference 17 14.2 22.1 22.1
2nd preference 14 11.7 18.2 40.3
3rd preference 28 23.3 36.4 76.6
4th preference 18 15.0 23.4 100.0
Total 77 64.2 100.0

Missing System 43 35.8

Total 120 100.0

Table No.:22

Imperfect knowledge

Percent
Valid
1st preference 4 3.3 5.2 5.2
2nd preference 36 30.0 46.8 51.9
3rd preference 13 10.8 16.9 68.8
4th preference 24 20.0 31.2 100.0
Total 77 64.2 100.0


Total 120 100.0

Table No.:23

Find govt securities better

Percent
Valid
1st preference 29 24.2 37.7 37.7
2nd preference 17 14.2 22.1 59.7
3rd preference 14 11.7 18.2 77.9
4th preference 17 14.2 22.1 100.0
Total 77 64.2 100.0


Total 120 100.0

Table No.:24
42

Other reasons

Percent
Valid
1st preference 27 22.5 35.1 35.1
2nd preference 10 8.3 13.0 48.1
3rd preference 22 18.3 28.6 76.6
4th preference 18 15.0 23.4 100.0
Total 77 64.2 100.0


Total 120 100.0

Table No.:25

Statistics

Lack of
confidence
Imperfect
knowledge
Find govt
securities better
Other reasons
N
Valid 77 77 77 77
Missing 43 43 43 43
Mean 2.6104 2.7403 2.2468 2.4026
Median 3.0000 2.0000 2.0000 3.0000
Std. Deviation 1.07796 .96522 1.18272 1.19494
Table No.:26


43


Interpretation:
This shows that the majority of people rank there reason for not investing in mutual fund is
due to imperfect knowledge. They also rank lack of confidence as a reason for not investing.

44
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 CONCLUSION
The present study says about the investors behaviour towards mutual funds in Jaipur. The
study explains that many investors are preferred to invest in mutual fund in order to have high
return at low level of risk, safety liquidity. The world of investment has been changing day to
day, so investors preferences toward investment pattern also changed. Overall it can be
understood that all age groups of investors are participating in mutual fund investments but
more precisely that the investors belonging to the age group 30-40 years have a clear
planning for investments and also prefer to take more risk to yield more returns. Hence it is a
notable point for the organizations to concentrate on this particular age group to attract more
investments through the mutual funds.
There are some suggestions for better investing for investors that they should keep their
investment for long time keeping in mind the level of risk involve and saving pattern, they
should take help of private financial consultants to have investment portfolio so as to reduce
risk in investment, they should not invest in high volatile funds, they should collect all
possible information before investment, periodical review should be done for investment and
risk analysis should be done regularly and properly, maintain proper records for each
transaction.
Only a small segment of the investors Will in Mutual Funds and the main source sources of
information are the electronic media followed by advertisements in different media. The
Indian investors generally invest over a period of 2-3 years. Also there is a tendency to invest
in fixed deposits due to the security attached to it.

5.2 SUGGESTION
Some of the important suggestions drawn out of the study are mentioned below:
Markets cover maximum schemes with equity share; hence it is suggested to have
debt schemes, so that it can attract investors who expect better returns.
Like banking, insurance and telecom, penetration of mutual fund schemes into market
is more essential.
Since investors will be of different age groups, it is to be advised for the agents to
educate them in detail about various benefits, earnings etc. Also educational levels
should be noted before explaining them about the details of the scheme.
45
Organizations should improve proper infrastructural facilities to attract and retain the
investors of all areas which help them providing best service to investors.
Monthly educational programs on mutual fund schemes at various levels should be
conducted.
Investors invest in the mutual fund products to get higher returns on their investment
and tax benefits on their investment/income. Mutual fund houses should manage their
assets with least volatility and fluctuations in their returns. They should also convince
the govt. for continuing the tax benefits till the time industry gets maturity. Stable
mutual fund industry will help to keep stable capital market also.
Convenience of investment or location is also important. Mutual fund houses should
open their offices or service centres near to their customers. They should open more
outlets just as banks for the convenience. Technology can help in this regard. They
can use internet/intranet for their transactions. It will save their time and cost and
improve the service standard and more convenience to their customers.
Companies should find out the causes for losing the investors preference. They
should change their marketing strategy, if required.

5.3 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The study is limited to 120 respondents only, from Jaipur city. The findings of
research may not apply to the Rajasthan state or the country.
The Investors buying pattern keeps changing with the introduction of new innovation
in terms of product, price, place and promotion. If there is introduction of new financial
product, investors buying behavioural pattern may change.

46
APPENDIX

REFERENCE

1. www.amfi.com
2. www.moneycontrol.com
3. www.rbi.org
4. www.sebi.gov.in
5. http://business-standard.com/india/news/qa-sandesh-kirkire-kotak-mutual-
fund/459181/
6. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/Mutual_funds
7. Brown & goetzmann (1997) Mutual fund styles. Journal of Financial Economics,
Volume 43, Issue 3, March 1997, Pages 373-399.
8. Bergstresser, Daniel B., Chalmers, John and Tufano, Peter, Assessing the Costs and
9. Benefits of Brokers in the Mutual Fund Industry (October 1, 2007). AFA 2006 Boston
10. Meetings; HBS Finance Working Paper No. 616981. Available at SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=616981 or doi:10.2139/ssrn.616981
11. Avadhani, V.A: Investment and Securities Markets in India Investment
Management - Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, 1992.
12. Bhalla V K, Tuteja S K, Investment Management (Securities Analysis and Portfolio
Management), S Chand &Co.Ltd., New Delhi, 1995.
13. Bhole L M,Financial Markets and Institutions, Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi,
1991.
14. D. Kandavel, Asst. Professor International Journal of Research in Commerce &
Management, www.ijrcm.org.in, Volume No. 2 (2011), Issue No. 11 (November)
ISSN 0976-2183.

47
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Name of the Investor
Mr. /Mrs. /Ms......................................................................................................................
2. Address/ Contact
...............................................................................................................................................
3. What is the age group you face in?

4. What is your occupation?

i. Service
ii. Business
iii. Professional
iv. Dependent
v. Retired

5. What is the per month income of your family?

i. < 10,000
ii. 10-30,000
iii. 30-50,000
iv. > 50,000

6. What is your current attitude towards the following financial instruments, in Indian
capital market?

HF F SWF NVF NAF
i. Current saving
ii. Fixed deposits
iii. Shares
iv. Bonds/debentures
v. Mutual fund
vi. Gold/real estates
(HF- highly favourable, F- favourable, SWF- somewhat favourable, NVF- not very
favourable, NAF- not at all favourable)

i. 20-30
ii. 30-40
iii. 40-50
iv. 50-60
v. Above 60
48
7. What is your objective for investing? (Rank from 1- first preference to 3-last
preference)

i. Income generation
ii. Tax saving
iii. Others

8. What is your priority while investing your money? (Rank from 1- first preference to
4-last preference)

i. Safety
ii. Higher returns
iii. Liquidity
iv. Tax benefits

9. Are you aware of mutual fund?

i. Yes
ii. No

10. Have you ever invested in mutual fund?

i. Yes
ii. No

11. From where you get information about mutual fund?

i. Print media
ii. Electronic media
iii. Friends/relatives
iv. Broker/investment
v. Banks

12. Kindly rank the reason of your not investing into the mutual fund? (Rank from 1-
first preference to 4-last preference)

Rank
i. Lack of confidence
ii. Imperfect knowledge
iii. Find Govt. Securities/bonds better
iv. Other reasons

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SURESH GYAN VIHAR UNIVERSITY

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