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For failures at volute stages, the potential for disk critical speeds,
or matching of a diameter mode with nonuniform flow pattern has
not always been fully documented. Besides offering aerodynamic
efficiency advantages, using vaned diffusers can potentially solve
problems, either by reducing interaction of the volute and thus
lower harmonic nonuniform loads, or by moving the choke point to
the diffuser throat; but Equation (1) must be checked. Diffuser
vane excitation, including interaction, is also a subject discussed in
general descriptions on the Internet for problems solved. However,
conclusion by Jansen and Fetfatsidis (1999) for an open impeller is
in direct conflict with use and interpretation of Equation (1), as
resonance for 15-diameter mode shown at diffuser vane frequency
is plotted at the backward moving wave frequency. Not
discussed is the interaction effect for the 14-diameter mode that
also could have been in resonance with two times diffuser vanes,
satisfying Equation (1); i.e., with S = 15, y = 2, B = 16, and z = 1,
then (2 15 16) = 14, a match for the 14-diameter mode.