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CAE kEPOkI



IlILE: Usor Guido PATHLCSS vorsion 4.0


PkODUCI: A400 und A00




AB5IkACI:

Tho uim o lhis documonl is lo givo somo rulos lo muko u Microwuvo Nolwork Dosign (or ALCATEL
poinl lo poinl microwuvo rudio oquipmonl} using PATHLCSS Edilion 4.0 lool.











Originolor:
S. \icrobock_updulo |uly 200T
Ph.Pochor_updulo docombor 2005


Dislribulion:
Any usor o PATHLCSS \orsion 4.0
Approisol oulhorily:
P Thomus



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Wo will doscribo in lhis documonl lho dioronl slops o Microwuvo Nolwork Dosign wilh PATHLCSS
vorsion 4.0.

PATHLCSS is u solwuro odilod by Conlrucl Tolocommuniculion Enginooring LTD (CTE}.
2007 CAPE HCPN A\ENUE,
CCCUlTLAM, 8. C. Cunudu \3K T 12
Tol. (04} 522-00
Fux. (04} 522-024
E-muil. clo@pulhloss.com
Wob Silo. www.pulhloss.com ,

This solwuro is mudo o dioronl modulos muking dioronl kinds o culcululions. Wo muy druw pulh
proilo, culcululo u link budgol in ordor lo know lho quulily rosulls und chock chunnol ulloculion doing
inlororonco culcululion.
ln lhis documonl wo will doscribo only lho mosl commonly usod modulos or Microwuvo Nolwork
Dosign, or urlhor inormulion il is rocommondod lo roud PATHLCSS \orsion 4.0 documonlulion.

Chuplor T douls wilh 5ummory which is lho douull slurl-up modulo. ll providos u conlrul onlry displuy
or silo dulu und uppliculion spociic oplions. ll s ulso lho inloruco lo silo dulubuso.

ln chuplor 2, wo doscribo lho Ierroin Dolo. This modulo is usod lo croulo or odil u pulh proilo using
munuul dulu onlry or digilul mups.

ln chuplor 3, lho Anlenno Heighls is doscribod. This modulo culcululos lho minimum unlonnu
hoighls lhul chock u sol o clourunco criloriu.

Chuplor 4 douls o lho modulo Prinl Prolile. This modulo prinls lho proilo rom lorruin dulu.

ln chuplor 5 wo prosonl Mulipolh modulo, il omploys ruy lrucing lochniquos lo dolormino lho
roloclivo churuclorislics o u pulh.

Chuplor douls wilh kelleclion modulo which unulysos lho oocls o u singlo spoculur roloclion on u
pulh.

ln chuplor 7 Dillroclion modulo is prosonlod. ll is usod lo culcululo diruclion und lroposphoric
scullor loss on lrunsmission und inlororonco pulhs.

Chuplor 8 douls wilh Worksheels modulo. ll providos doluilod dulu onlry orms or oquipmonl und
pulh purumolors roquirod or lrunsmission culcululions. Mullipulh propugulion roliubilily und ruin
ullonuulion uro culcululod in microwuvo workshool.

ln chuplor , Nelwork modulo is doscribod, il providos u gruphicul roprosonlulion o u nolwork o
silos und links. lnlororonco culcululions uro mudo in lhis modulo.

Finully in chuplor T0 wo oxpluin how lo uso ull lhoso modulos whon moking Microwove Nelwork
Design.



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IABLE OF CONIENI5
1. 5UMMAkY........................................................................................................................ 4
2. IEkkAlN DAIA.................................................................................................................
2.1 Polh prolile............................................................................................................
2.2 5ile coordinoles kelerence.................................................................................... 9
2.3 5ile Coordinoles Enlry ......................................................................................... 11
3. ANIENNA HElGHI......................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Cleoronce crilerio lor ALCAIEL MicroWove Design............................................. 12
3.2 5el cleoronce crilerio wilh PAHLO55 version 4.0................................................ 13
3.3 Anlenno Conligurolion........................................................................................ 14
4. PklNI PkOFlLE............................................................................................................... 15
4.1 Drow o prolile wilh lhe dillerenl FkE5NEL Zones............................................... 15
4.2 Io give o Iille lo o prolile................................................................................... 1
5. MULIlPAIH.................................................................................................................... 17
. kEFLECIlON5 ................................................................................................................. 19
.1 kelleclive plone................................................................................................... 19
.2 Field ond onlennos choroclerislics ..................................................................... 21
.2.T Culcululo roughnoss o roloclivo pluno....................................................................2T
.2.2 Modiy Poloclion purumolors ..................................................................................22
.2.3 Poloclions unulysis .................................................................................................23
7. DlFFkACIlON................................................................................................................. 25
7.1 Drow FkE5NEL Zone............................................................................................ 25
7.2 Dillroclion melhod .............................................................................................. 2
. WOkK5HEEI................................................................................................................... 30
.1 Equipmenl choroclerislics ................................................................................... 31
8.T.T Anlonnu inormulion...............................................................................................3T
8.T.2 To onlor unlonnu churuclorislics using unlonnu dulubuso .........................................34
.2 Coble inlormolion ............................................................................................... 35
.3 kodio inlormolion ............................................................................................... 3
.4 Chonnel inlormolion ........................................................................................... 3
.5 keliobilily Melhod ............................................................................................... 39
. Polh prolile Dolo................................................................................................. 41
8..T Pulh proilo wilh lTU-P 530 - 7 Pocommondulion molhod.........................................4T
8..2 Pulh proilo wilh \lGANT - 8APNETT molhod...........................................................44
.7 koin colculolion................................................................................................... 4
. Check polh reliobilily .......................................................................................... 4
8.8.T Froquoncy divorsily .................................................................................................4
8.8.2 Spuco divorsily........................................................................................................5T
9. NEIWOkK...................................................................................................................... 52
9.1 Anlenno, Coble ond kodio dolobose.................................................................. 53
9.2 lnlerlerence colculolion ...................................................................................... 53
10. MlCkOWAVE DE5lGN .......................................................................................... 57




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1. 5UMMAkY
This modulo is lho slurl up displuy in PATHLCSS progrum.



Figure 1. Tho summury modulo.

ll providos u conlrul loculion or lho onlry o pulh dulu purumolors.
ll providos ulso lho inloruco lo lho PATHLCSS silo dulubuso or dulu onlry und inlororonco unulysis.

5ile Nome . lhis onlry cun bo mudo only rom lhis modulo,
Coll sign . ovory silo musl huvo ils own cull sign , lhis is roquirod lo curry oul lnlororonco
unulysis,
5lolion Code . inormulion only,
5lole . inormulion only,
Owner code . il is usod in silo dulubuso lo ucililulo lrunsor lo silo dulubuso,
Lolilude . il cun bo onlorod in Summury modulo bul in cuso o UTM coordinulos il is
nocossury lo uso Torruin Dulu modulo,
Longilude . il cun bo onlorod in Summury modulo bul in cuso o UTM coordinulos il is
nocossury lo uso Torruin Dulu modulo,
Irue ozimulh . il is culcululod rom googruphic coordinulos und rooronco ollipsoid
doinod in dulum,
Colculoled dislonce . il is culcululod rom googruphic coordinulos und rooronco ollipsoid
doinod in dulum,
Prolile dislonce . il is lho dislunco o lho lusl poinl on proilo , il should bo oquul lo
culcululod dislunco,



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Ellipsoid or Dolum: il indiculos dulum or ollipsoid doponding on lho googruphic douull
sollings doinod in Torruin Dulu modulo, in mosl cusos, solocl Dulum oplion,
Elevolion . whon u proilo oxisls, il conluins lho ulliludo o irsl und lusl poinls o lho
proilo,
Iower heighl . il is usod us uppor limil o unlonnu hoighl culcululion und il should bo
onlorod in Torruin Dulu modulo,
Ik Anlenno Heighl . ll is mousurod rom ground lovol und should bo onlorod rom
Torruin Dulu modulo,
Code . il is u rooronco lo u ilo conluining ull churuclorislics o unlonnus. ln Summury
modulo solocl Equipmenl / Anlenno lndex und click on New lndex lo go lo diroclory
whoro churuclorislics uro rogislorod.



Figure 2. How lo solocl un unlonnu dulubuso.




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Ix loss . il is loss mousurod rom lrunsmillor oulpul lo unlonnu oulpul , il should bo onlorod
rom Workshool modulo,
kx loss . il is loss mousurod rom rocoivor oulpul lo unlonnu oulpul , il should bo onlorod
rom Workshool modulo,
Operolor code . il is usod in silo dulubuso lo ucililulo lrunsor lo silo dulubuso,
kodio model . il is only inormulion,
Code . il is u rooronco lo u ilo conluining ull churuclorislics o unlonnus. ln Summury
modulo solocl Equipmenl / kodio lndex und click on New lndex lo go lo diroclory
whoro churuclorislics uro rogislorod



Figure 3. How lo solocl u rudio dulubuso.

Emission designolor . il is only inormulion. ll ulilizos u sovon-churuclor word lo
roprosonl lho bundwidlh, modululion, nuluro o signul und lypo o inormulion lrunsmillod
by u purliculur rudio,
Irollic Code . lho usor spociios lho digilul cupucily und modululion , or un ALCATEL
A400 4 Mbil/s und 4 CAM onlor 4 ET - 4CAM. ll is usod in inlororonco culcululions lo
idonliy similur
Ix power (dBm} . il is Trunsmillor powor , lhis vuluo should bo onlorod using Workshool
modulo,
Frequency (MHz} . il is lho dosign roquoncy usod or porormunco purumolors und
inlororonco culcululions.
Polorizolion . onlor unlonnu polurisulion. ln cuso o pussivo ropoulor, polurizulion usod
on lho shorlor hop cun bo dioronl rom lho ono on lho longor hop . in lho workshool
modulo, click on Chunnol lD und lhon doublo-click on polurizulion loculod on lho righl
sido.
Free 5poce loss (dB} . il is culcululod rom Workshool modulo,
ElkP (dBm} . il is Equivulonl lsolropic Pudiulod Powor culcululod rom Workshool modulo,



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kx 5ignol (dBm} . il is culcululod rom Workshool modulo.





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2. IEkkAlN DAIA
2.1 Polh prolile

Tho lorruin dulu modulo is usod lo croulo u lorruin proilo und il is uvuilublo clicking on
Module/Ierroin Dolo.
ll consisls in u lublo wilh dioronl columns.
Sculo. lho sculo o proilo druwing,
Dislunco. dislunco in kms,
Elovulion. ulliludo o silo in m,
Slrucluro. lypo o obsluclo (lroo, building, rungo o lroos, rungo o buildings},
Hoighl. hoighl o obsluclo in m,
Ground. kind o ground (poor, uvorugo, good, sull wulor, rosh wulor, sull wulor}
uccording lo ugricullurul proporly lo culcululo ils conduclivily und ils rolulivo dioloclric
conslunl. For oxumplo rocky lorruin und dosorl uro considorod us poor ground whilo orlilo
soil is u good lorruin.



Figure 4.How lo onlor dislunco und ulliludo.



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l dulu onlry hus lo bo dono munuully, you should onlor.
lho dislunco rom silo T lo silo 2 o ouch lorruin olovulion,
lho olovulion,
lho slrucluro i lhoro is un obsluclo, un o pulh slrucluro muy ullow lo displuy un obsluclo
closo lo lho LCS lhul will nol bo lukon inlo uccounl in lho minimum unlonnu hoighl
oplimizulion ollowing lho Frosnol clourunco criloriu.
lho hoighl o lhis obsluclo i il oxisls,
lho ground lypo i il is nol uvorugo (douull vuluo o ground lypo}.

To cuncol un onlry, click on F und chooso lho poinl(s} you wunl lo cuncol.

Aulomulicully gonorulo u pulh proilo noods u Digilul Elovulion Modol or u Digilul Torruin Modol.
Two roo digilul olovulion dulubuso cullod GTCPC30 und SPTM uro curronlly uvuilublo worldwido. Tho
irsl ono is u globul 30 urc socond dulubuso whorous lho socond ono is u globul 3 urc socond
dulubuso. 8olh uso lho WGS84. Typo und loculion uro spociiod in Conligure/Ierroin dolobose.
2.2 5ile coordinoles kelerence

8ooro onloring lho silos coordinulos, googruphic purumolors musl bo spociiod. Tho choico is mudo
solocling Conligure/Geogrophic Deloulls.



Figure 5. Choico o rooronco or coordinulos.

Tho usor musl solocl lho rooronco usod lo displuy coordinulos. This rooronco is un ollipsoid usod lo
culcululo dislunco und uzimulhs rom lho googruphic coordinulos und lo convorl googruphic
coordinulos lo grid coordinulos such us Univorsul Trunsvorso Morculor (UTM}.
ll cun bo oilhor.



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Use / dolum. WGS 84 is un oxumplo o dulum mosl commonly usod by GPS (Globul
Posilioning Syslom} lo givo coordinulos. Nolo lhul whon u dulum is soloclod u ollipsoid is
uulomulicully choson.
Use / Ellipsoid. l lho coordinulos uro lukon rom u mup lho ollipsoid rooronco is
indiculod und musl bo onlorod.



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Tho grid coordinulos syslom musl bo spociiod. ln gonorul UTM is usod unloss u spociic syslom is usod
or lho mup.

Tho oplion Lolilude / Norlhern Hemisphere und Longilude / Weslern Hemisphere uro
soloclod by douull. Thul mouns lhul posilivo luliludo liko 4 24 32 will bo in lho norlh und nogulivo
luliludo liko -4 24 32 will bo in lho soulh whilo posilivo longiludo is in lho wosl und nogulivo
longiludo in lho ousl.
Click CK lo vulidulo lho googruphic rooroncos.

2.3 5ile Coordinoles Enlry
Whon lho Googruphic Pooroncos uro soloclod, lho usor cun onlor lho silo coordinulos clicking on
Coordinoles / inverse.



Figure : How lo onlor coordinulos.

Tho usor onlors lho Luliludo und Longiludo Coordinulos dd (spuco} mm (spuco} ss.
l Luliludo und Longiludo huvo boon doinod us oxpluinod in chuplor 2.2, whon you wrilo T8 48 05 or
luliludo und -4 05 02 or longiludo lhul mouns lhul lho silo in Norlh Eusl Homisphoro.

Truo uzimulh, Dislunco, Eusling, Norlhing und UTM zono vuluos uro uulomulicully culcululod.



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3. ANIENNA HElGHI
3.1 Cleoronce crilerio lor ALCAIEL MicroWove Design
Lol us romombor lho clourunco criloriu rulos usod by ALCATEL WTD .

l roquoncy < 3 GHz.
or K~ 4/3 (K is Eurlh rudius uclor}, 0 o lho Firsl FPESNEL zono musl bo clour o
obsluclo,
or K~ Kmin.
i lhoro is u sphoricul obsluclo (lroo, building}, 30 o Firsl FPESNEL zono musl bo clour,
i lhoro is u knighl odgo obsluclo (sou, luko, dosorl}, 0 o Firsl FPESNEL zono musl bo clour.

Kmin is culcululod rom iguro 2 o UlT-P P 530-7 Pocommondulion or dislunco which oxcoods T kms
und il cun bo culcululod by lho ollowing ormulu.
l T< d (dislunco in kms}<~ T00, Kmin~ 0.4T4+0.5T2*{T-[(d-TT7}/T02|}
T/2
,
l d>T00, Kmin~ Log(d/T00}/3.7488 + 0.T7.
Kmin doponds only on lho pulh longlh.
l roquoncy > 3 GHz.
or K~ 4/3, T00 o Firsl FPESNEL musl bo clour o obsluclo,
or K~ Kmin.
i lhoro is u sphoricul obsluclo, 30 o Firsl FPESNEL zono musl bo clour,
i lhoro is u knighl odgo obsluclo, 0 o Firsl FPESNEL zono musl bo clour.




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3.2 5el cleoronce crilerio wilh PAHLO55 version 4.0
Whon u lorruin proilo is onlorod lho Sol clourunco criloriu unclion will holp lho usor lo dolormino lho
hoighl o unlonnus lo mool lho ALCATEL clourunco criloriu.
Solocl Operolions/ 5el Cleoronce Crilerio.



Figure 7. Sol clourunco criloriu.

ln lho lublo Sol Clourunco criloriu uccording lho rulos doinod in provious chuplor. l lhoro is u divorsily
unlonnu lho column divorsily musl bo illod in.
1 sl Crilerio - K, onlor T.33 (K~4/3},
1 sl Crilerio - % F1, onlor clourunco porconlugo luking inlo uccounl lho roquoncy
(ubovo or bolow 3 GHz},
2 nd Crilerio - K, onlor Kmin i dislunco is ubovo T kms. Nolo lhul Kmin is
uulomulicully culcululod in lho Operolions/ Minimum K monu.
2 nd Crilerio -%F1, onlor lho clourunco porconlugo luking inlo uccounl lho roquoncy,
und lho kind o obluclo.
Frequency. onlor roquoncy in MHz.

Push F3 bullon lo dololo onlry.
Uso modulo Prinl Proilo in lho ollowing chuplor lo docido i u obsluclo hus lo bo considorod us u
knighl odgo or u sphoricul obsluclo.



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3.3 Anlenno Conligurolion

ln lho Anlonnu Hoighl modulo solocl Conligure / Anlenno Conligurolion lo chooso unlonnu -und
rudio- conigurulion.



Figure : How lo solocl unlonnu conigurulion.

Ik - Ik . u singlo unlonnu is usod ul ouch silo lo lrunsmil und rocoivo, lhis is commonly uso
in cuso o T+0, T+THS8 or N+T conigurulions.
IkDk - IkDk . lwo unlonnus uro usod ul ouch silo in u spuco divorsily conigurulion. Tho
TP unlonnu is usod lo lrunsmil und rocoivo. Tho DP unlonnu is lho divorsily rocoivo only
unlonnu, lhis is commonly uso in cuso o T+THS8_SD or N+T_SD conigurulions.
IXkX - IXkX . lwo unlonnus uro usod ul ouch silo lo rospoclivoly lrunsmil (TX} und rocoivo
(PX},
IXkXDk - IXkXDk . lhroo unlonnus uro usod ul ouch silo lo lrunsmil (TX}, rocoivo (PX}
und spuco divorsily rocoivo (DP},
IX - kX . Trunsmil ul silo T und rocoivo ul silo 2,
IX - kXDk . Trunsmil ul silo T, rocoivo und divorsily rocoivo ul silo 2,
kX - IX . Pocoivo ul silo T und lrunsmil ul silo 2,
kXDk - IX . Pocoivo und Divorsily rocoivo unlonnus ul silo T und lrunsmil ul silo 2
Ik - IkIH . lhis is un hybrid divorsily conigurulion which usos roquoncy divorsily in bolh
diroclions und spuco divorsily ul silo 2. Al silo 2 TP unlonnu und TH unlonnu ouch lrunsmil
und rocoivo ono puir o lho roquoncios.



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IkIH - Ik . lhis is un hybrid divorsily conigurulion which usos roquoncy divorsily in bolh
diroclions und spuco divorsily ul silo T. Al silo T TP unlonnu und TH unlonnu ouch lrunsmil
und rocoivo ono puir o lho roquoncios.

4. PklNI PkOFlLE
4.1 Drow o prolile wilh lhe dillerenl FkE5NEL Zones
To druw u proilo, solocl Module / Prinl Prolile, lhon solocl Formol/Flol Eorlh,



Figure 9. Druw u proilo.

Two oplions uro possiblo. Use cleoronce Crilerio
T} is soloclod. lho proilo und FPESNEL Ellipsoid will bo druwn wilh Eurlh Pudius Fuclor K und
corrosponding porconlugo o FPESNEL Zono Pooronco us doinod in modulo Anlonnu
Hoighl/Sol Clourunco Criloriu.
ln lho oxumplo ubovo wo drow
T00 o Firsl FPESNEL Ellipsoid wilh K~4/3,
30 o Firsl FPESNEL Ellipsoid wilh K~Kmin~0.57,

2} is nol soloclod. lho usor cun onlor his vuluo o wilh Eurlh Pudius Fuclor K und
corrosponding porconlugo o FPESNEL Zono Pooronco.

From lhis druwing you cun docido i un obsluclo is knighl odgo or sphoricul.



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4.2 Io give o Iille lo o prolile
This is usod lo udd inormulion uboul lho proilo. ln modulo Prinl Proilo solocl Formol/Iille block.



Figure 10: Givo u lillo lo u proilo.

Firsl line should bo lho numo o lho counlry und lho dulubuso rosolulion usod lo druw
lho proilo.
5econd line should bo silo T numo - silo 2 numo,
Drowing number should bo lho PATHLCSS ilo numo,
lniliol should bo iniliuls o lho proilo dosignor,
Compony nome should bo ALCATEL.



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5. MULIlPAIH
This modulo is usod lo unulyso propugulion und ground roloclion on lino o sighl pulhs. Solocl
Mullipolh.

Chooso Melhod / Vorioble Grodienl, u numbor o ruys will bo druwn uboul lho conlrul ruy ovor
lho usor doinod unglo.
Thoso ruys will bo roloclod on ground bul nol on obsluclos liko lroos or buildings.



Figure 11.How lo unulyso mullipulh.

Complolo lho ollowing purumolors.
Number ol koys. numbor o ruys lo druw, chooso 50 by douull,
Iolol Disploy ongle. lho numbor o ruys will bo homogonoously dislribulod in lhis unglo,
Anlenno Orienlolion. onlor T.33,
5ile 1 Anlenno Heighl. is lho hoighl o silo T unlonnu lukon rom Anlonnu Hoighl
modulo,
5ile 2 Anlenno Heighl. is lho hoighl o silo 2 unlonnu lukon rom Anlonnu Hoighl
modulo,
Ground kelleclions. solocl lho numbor o roloclion you wunl lo luko inlo uccounl or
chooso Singlo Poloclion by douull.

From lhis druw you muy idonliy lho rungo o dislunco corrosponding lo lho urou whoro microwuvos
uro roloclod lowurds silo 2. This rungo is T4 - 24 kms on lho oxumplo .



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Nolo lhul PATHLCSS doos nol considor lho widlh o lroos und buildings und or Mullipulh progrum,
roloclod rudio wuvos should propugulo uround obsluclos (soo provious iguro}.
To docido i u roloclion will occur, you should culcululo lho widlh o FPESNEL Ellipsoid whoro roloclion
occurs und compuro lhis vuluo wilh lho widlh o lho obsluclo, i lho widlh obsluclo is groulor, roloclion
muy nol occur.

Tho widlh o FPESNEL Ellipsoid muy bo displuyod solocling Module /Dillroclion.



Figure 12. How lo know Firsl FPESNEL Zono rudius on u poinl.

Pul lho rod urrow on lho urou whoro roloclion should occur,
click on Slulus 8ur Funclions dislunco - olovulion (on lho provious iguro, down lho displuy
whoro T.T4 - 20.2 is wrillon}.

Tho rudius o FPESNEL Zono is lino Firsl FPESNEL Zono (FT} m (3T.04 m on lho oxumplo}.
This vuluo cun bo compurod lo lho widlh o lho rungo o lroo.



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. kEFLECIlON5
This modulo is usod lo unulyzo roloclions ovor u lino o sighl proilo

.1 kelleclive plone
Firsl o ull, u Poloclivo pluno musl bo doinod.
Solocl Module / kelleclion und click on Deline Plone.



Figure 13. How lo doino u roloclivo pluno.

ln muny cusos lho Mullipulh modulo will indiculo lho oxlonds o roloclion urou (or hurdosl cusos roor
lo lho molhod givon in PATHLCSS documonlulion book, chuplor roloclions, pugo 7 o T}.
ln lho oxumplo o lho provious chuplor, wo suw lhul roloclion muy occur bolwoon T4 und 24 kms. So
lho roloclivo pluno will includo lhis rungo o dislunco.

To doino lho roloclivo pluno.
click on lho lol bullon o lho mouso lo pul lho rod urrow on lho boginning o roloclivo
pluno (booro T4 kms on lho oxumplo},
click on lho righl bullon lo solocl lhis poinl,
click on lho lol bullon o lho mouso lo pul lho rod urrow on lho ond o roloclivo pluno
(ulor 24 kms on lho oxumplo},
click on lho righl bullon lo solocl lhis poinl.
Thon click on CK.



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ln lho Fresnel Zones rom lho Deline Plone monu, lho Frosnol zonos cun bo druwn lo lho roloclion
poinl. This providos u visuul roprosonlulion o lho urou ulong lho proilo roquirod lo supporl u spoculur
roloclion.



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.2 Field ond onlennos choroclerislics
8ooro unulyzing lho combinulion o dirocl und roloclod signuls, you musl spociy somo churuclorislics
lhul impucl on mugniludo o roloclod signul.

.2.1 Colculole roughness ol relleclive plone

ln Poloclions modulo, solocl Modily roughness



Figure 14. How lo doino roughnoss.

You musl doino lho limils o roloclivo pluno lo culcululo ils roughnoss.
click on lho lol bullon o lho mouso lo pul lho rod urrow on lho boginning o roloclivo
pluno (booro T4 kms on lho oxumplo},
click on lho righl bullon lo solocl lhis poinl,
click on lho lol bullon o lho mouso lo pul lho rod urrow on lho ond o roloclivo pluno
(ulor 24 kms on lho oxumplo},
click on lho righl bullon lo solocl lhis poinl.
Thon click on CK



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.2.2 Modily kelleclion poromelers
ln Poloclion modulo solocl Modily / Poromelers.



Figure 15. To modiy roloclion purumolors.

Ierroin roughness. lho progrum lukos inlo uccounl lho culcululod vuluo using lho
unclion Modiy / roughnoss us soon in provious chuplor,
Ground Cover - Cleoronce Loss. u loss o roloclod signul cun bo onlorod uccording lo
lho ollowing lublo.

Ground Covor Loss
Wulor, dosorl or sull luls 0 lo T d8
Fiolds wilh low vogolulion und low gruss T lo 3 d8
Sugo brush, Fiolds wilh high vogolulion und high gruss 3 lo d8
Purliully woodod urous including lroos ulong rouds which uro porpondiculur lo lho pulh 8 lo T5 d8

Ioble 1. Loss o roloclod signul.

5ile 1 Anlenno 3 dB Bondwidlh (} . onlor lho bundwidlh o silo T unlonnu,
5ile 2 Anlenno 3 dB Bondwidlh (} . onlor lho bundwidlh o silo 2 unlonnu,
Use divergence . lhis purumolor musl bo soloclod lo luko inlo uccounl lho sculloring o u
roloclod signul duo lo lho curvuluro o lho ourlh.



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.2.3 kelleclions onolysis
ln Poloclions modulo solocl Vorioble/ Eorlh kodius Foclor (K}.



Figure 1. How lo doino lho purumolors or roloclion unulysis

You musl spociy lho purumolor o lho unulysis.
5lorl Eorlh kodius Foclor (K}. onlor Kmin vuluo or 0.7 por douull,
End Eorlh kodius Foclor (K}. onlor T00 lo unulyzo roloclions on u wido rungo o
vuluos,
5ile 1 onlenno Heighl (m}. lho progrum gols lho vuluo rom unlonnu hoighl modulo,
5ile 2 onlenno Heighl (m}. lho progrum gols lho vuluo rom unlonnu hoighl modulo,
Frequency (MHz}. lho progrum gols lho vuluo rom unlonnu hoighl modulo,
Polorizolion. solocl lho polurizulion o lho unlonnus.




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A druwing will bo displuyod showing lho vuriulion o Polulivo Pocoivod Signul (sum o dirocl ond
roloclod signul} vorsus K or urclun (K} in whoro K is Eurlh Pudius Fuclor.



Figure 17. Poloclion unulysis.


Duo lo lho vuriulion o climulic condilions, Eurlh Pudius Fuclor (K} will chungo wilh limo.
8ocuuso o lhis vuriulion o K uclor, wo musl onsuro or u Pudio pulh lhul lhoro is irsl o ull no doop
uding (Polulivo rocoivod signul bolow - d8} uround slundurd vuluo o K (K~4/3} und lhon uround lho
olhor vuluos o K.
Cn lho provious iguro wo cun soo lhul lhoro is no uding uround K~4/3 us Polulivo Pocoivod Signul is
posilivo.



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7. DlFFkACIlON
This modulo is usod lo culcululo loss diruclion duo lo lorruin, ovor ground obsluclos liko lroos und
buildings.
This modulo is uvuilublo solocling Modulo / Diruclion.

7.1 Drow FkE5NEL Zone
This unclion ullows lho usor lo soo i lorruin or ovor ground obslruclions onlors lho Firsl FPESNEL Zono.
ln diruclion modulo click on Operolions / FkE5NEL Zone.



Figure 1 . How lo druw FPESNEL Zono.

% Firsl FkE5NEL Zone . Enlor lho vuluo o Firsl FPESNEL Zono uccording ALCATEL
clourunco rulos,
FkE5NEL number . you cun chooso lho FPESNEL numbor ollipsoid you wunl lo displuy,
Iype / End lo end mouns lhul lho ollipsoid will bo druwn bolwoon silo T und 2,
Lobel will pul lho porconlugo o Firsl FPESNEL zono on lho ollipsoid,
solocl drow lo displuy lho ollipsoid,
solocl erose ull lo cuncol ull ollipsoids,
close will vulidulo your onlry.




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7.2 Dillroclion melhod

To unulyso diruclion loss, il is nocossury lo solocl u diruclion molhod.



Figure 17: How lo chooso u diruclion molhod.

Dioronl molhods uro uvuilublo lo culcululo diruclion loss.
Thoro uro lwo kinds o molhods .
uulomulics .
PAIHLO55 or ovory kind o pulhs,
N5MA or pulhs obslruclod by lorruin,
IlkEM or pulhs obslruclod by lorruin,
munuul .
Knile edge or lhin obsluclo liko lroos or buildings,
lsololed Obslocle or sphoricul obsluclo,
Averoge or obsluclo bolwoon knighl odgo und sphoricul obsluclo.



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Clhor ulgorilhms muy bo usod by uulomulic molhods.
Heighl goin is only usod or pulhs obslruclod by lorruin,
Longley & kice lkkI is usod or Lino o Sighl or obslruclod pulhs,
Iwo roy Oplics is usod on Lino C Sighl pulhs.

Whon unulysing diruclion lossos ovor u Microwuvos link uso PATHLCSS molhod.
For crilicul uppliculions PATHLCSS rosulls cun bo compuro lo munuul molhod rosulls.
Tho unclions usod by PATHLCSS molhod cun bo choson, bul il is bollor lo uso lho douull ulgorilhms,
solocling in Diruclion modulo Oplions / PAIHLO55 Algorilhm / Deloulls us shown in iguro
bolow.



Figure 1 . Conigurulion o PATHLCSS molhod.




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ln lho ollowing lublo wo doscribo how lo culcululo diruclion lossos using lho molhods lhul suil wilh
microwuvo uppliculions.

Molhod How lo culcululo diruclion lossos
PATHLCSS F bullon lo displuy lho rosulls
Knio odgo Pul rod urrow on pouk,
F lo displuy rosulls.
Avorugo Pul rod urrow on pouk,
F lo displuy rosulls.
lsolulod
Cbsluclo
Pul rod urrow on pouk,
F7 lo iniliulo lho culcululion,
movo lho mouso cursor lo ono o grip box ul lho o urc lo il wilh lho
obsluclo (soo iguro bolow},
F bullon lo displuy rosulls.

Ioble 2 . Molhods or diruclion loss culcululion.



Figure 19 . Exumplo o culcululion wilh lsolulod Cbsluclo molhod.

Somo romurks uboul PATHLCSS molhod .
whon PATHLCSS culcululos lossos duo lo buildings und lroos, knighl odgo molhod is usod lo
culcululo loss duo lo lhoso obsluclos,
whon sovorul lroos onlor inlo lho pulh proilo, lho loss o ouch lroo is culcululod und lho
pulh lroo will bo lho muximum o individuul lossos.




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Solocl Cporulions - Clullor rom lho Diruclion monu lo uccoss lho clullor dulu onlry orm. Clullor
uccounls or lroos und buildings in lho immodiulo vicinily o lho silo whoro il is impruclicul lo onlor
lhoso on lho pulh proilo



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. WOkK5HEEI

This modulo is usod lo culcululo pulh budgol und lo chock pulh roliubilily uccording lo
rocommondulion lTU-P F.530. To uccoss lo lhis modulo solocl Module / Worksheel.



Figure 20 . Tho Workshool Modulo.



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.1 Equipmenl choroclerislics

To culcululo pulh budgol, inormulion concorning cublo, unlonnu, rudio oquipmonl huvo lo bo onlorod
by lho usor.
Wo will doscribo how lo ill in lho dioronl lublo.

.1.1 Anlenno inlormolion
ln lho druwing o Workshool modulo, click on lho unlonnu.



Figure 21 . Anlonnu inormulion lublo.

Anlonnu inormulion cun bo onlorod munuully or solocling un unlonnu in unlonnu dulubuso whon lhis
dulu buso is uvuilublo.



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.1.1.1 How lo enler onlenno choroclerislics monuolly
Tho usor spociios .

Anlenno model . onlor unlonnu rooronco, il is only or inormulion,
Anlenno diomeler (m} . onlor unlonnu diumolor, il is only or inormulion,
Anlenno Heighl (m} . lhis vuluo is lukon rom unlonnu hoighl modulo by douull bul il
cun bo onlorod munuully,
Anlenno Goin (dBi} . onlor unlonnu guin in d8i,
kodome loss (dB } . in gonorul lhis loss is lukon inlo uccounl in lho unlonnu guin,
Code. il is lho unlonnu codo, il romuins blunk unloss u unlonnu dulubuso is usod,
Anlenno 3 dB Beomwidlh (} .onlor unlonnu boumwidlh,
Irue ozimulh (} . il is culcululod rom silo coordinulos in Torruin dulu modulo,
Verlicol Angle (} . il is culcululod rom silo olovulion in Torruin dulu modulo,
Anlenno Azimulh (} . or poinl lo mulli - poinl uppliculion ono unlonnu cun bo u hub or
romolo silos us shown on iguro bolow, und lho uzimulh hus lo bo onlorod by lho usor.




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Figure 22 . A Mulli-poinl uppliculion.

Cn lhis iguro Grundo Pruirio hus ono diroclionul unlonnu lhul communiculos wilh
8EA\EPLCDGE und WCKlNG.
Tho unlonnu o Grundo Pruirio cun bo orionlod lo uzimulh 3T5. This uzimulh is dioronl rom
lruo uzimulh bolwoon Grundo Pruirio - WCKlNG (0} und Grundo Pruirio - 8EA\EPLCDGE (270}, und
lhul will imply un orionlulion loss bolwoon lho hub und romolo silos.
Anlenno Downlill (+/-} . or poinl lo mulli - poinl uppliculion ono unlonnu cun bo u
hub or romolo silos us shown on iguro bolow, und lho lill hus lo bo onlorod by lho usor,
Orienlolion Loss (dB} . orionlulion loss is culcululod i Anlonnu uzimulh und Till uro
spociiod by usor und ulso i u unlonnu dulubuso is uvuilublo.



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.1.1.2 How lo enler onlenno choroclerislics using onlenno dolobose

Tho usor muy spociy lho unlonnu churuclorislics in solocling lho dosirod unlonnu in lho unlonnu
dulubuso. This molhod is mundulory i inlororonco culcululion is roquirod.
Alor clicking on lho unlonnu druwing, solocl Code index.



Figure 23 . How lo spociy unlonnu churuclorislics using Anlonnu Dulu8uso.

New index . lo go lo lho diroclory whoro lho unlonnu dulubuso is whon il is uvuilublo,
View . lo soo lho unlonnu diugrum,
5ile 1 . lo solocl lho unlonnu o silo T,
5ile 2 . lo solocl lho unlonnu o silo 2,
Bolh . lo solocl unlonnu or bolh silos,
Close . lo vulidulo lho choico.


Thon Anlenno model, Anlenno diomeler, Anlenno Heighl, Anlenno Goin, kodome loss,
Code, Anlenno 3 dB Beomwidlh uro illod in, whilo Irue ozimulh, Verlicol Angle,
Orienlolion loss uro culcululod.
Tho usor cun onlor Anlonnu uzimulh und Anlonnu Downlill in cuso o Poinl - Mulli Poinl uppliculions.





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.1.2 Coble inlormolion
ln lho Workshool modulo click on cublo.



Figure 24 : Cublo inormulion lublo.

Tho usor cun munuully onlor lho churuclorislics o cublo or loud lhom using lho cublo dulubuso whon
uvuilublo .

Ix Line Iype . lho usor cun onlor lho cublo churuclorislics or il cun bo loudod rom cublo
dulubuso , il is only inormulion,
Ix Line lenglh . onlor lho longlh o cublo,
Ix Line Unil loss (dB/100 m} . lho usor cun onlor Tx Lino loss or il cun bo loudod rom
cublo dulubuso,
Ix Line loss (dB} . lho cublo loss is culcululod rom lino longlh und lino unil loss,
Conneclor loss (dB} . onlor lho connoclor loss.

To onlor cublo churuclorislics using dulubuso, click on lho cublo druwing, solocl lookup / Open lo go
lo lho diroclory whoro lho cublo dulubuso is whon il is uvuilublo.
5ile 1 . lo solocl lho cublo o silo T,
5ile 2 . lo solocl lho cublo o silo 2,
Bolh . lo solocl cublo or bolh silos,
Close . lo vulidulo lho choico.

8olh munuul or louding molhods uro vulid lo do lho inlororonco culcululion.



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.1.3 kodio inlormolion
ln lho Workshool modulo click on TP.



Figure 25 . Pudio inormulion lublo.

Tho usor cun onlor munuully lho churuclorislics o rudio or loud lhom using lho rudio dulubuso whon
uvuilublo, lho louding molhod is mundulory i inlororonco culcululion is roquirod.

kodio model . lho usor cun onlor lho rudio churuclorislics or il cun bo loudod rom rudio
dulubuso , il is only inormulion,
Irollic code . onlor lruic codo n - modululion codo us 2 ET -4 CAM , il is usod or
inlororonco culcululions,
Emission designolor . lho usor cun onlor lho rudio churuclorislics or il cun bo loudod
rom rudio dulubuso , il is only inormulion,
Code . lhis codo is loudod rom rudio dulubuso, lhis codo is usod or inlororonco
culcululions,
Ix power (wolls} . onlor Tx powor in wull lhon Tx powor will bo culcululod d8m,
Ix power (dBm} . onlor Tx powor in d8m lhon Tx powor will bo culcululod in Wull,
kx Ihreshold crilerio . onlor lho kind o lhroshold 8EP~T0
-3
,
kx Ihreshold level (dBm} . onlor Px lhroshold lovol or 8EP~T0
-3
,



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Moximum keceive signol (dBm} . lhis vuluo is only or inormulion,
Dispersive lode morgin (dB} . il is doino or modium und high microwuvo cupucily , il
is givon by ormulu .
Disporsivo Fudo Murgin (Ad}~ T7. -T0.Log(S/T58.4} whoro S is signuluro urou or
8EP~T0
-3
.

Equipmen
l
Modulolio
n
Copocily 5ignolure
oreo
Ad (dB}
A 800 4 - CAM Tx2 or 2x2 Mbil/s - 0
A 400 4 - CAM 2x2 Mbil/s - 0
4x2 or 8 Mbil/s 0.000 7T
2x8 or 8x2 Mbil/s 0.004 4
Tx2, 4x8, 3x8+4x2 or 34
Mbil/s
0.03T 55
A 400 T - CAM 4x2 or 8 Mbil/s - 0
2x8 or 8x2 Mbil/s 0.00T8 7
Tx2, 4x8, 3x8+4x2 or 34
Mbil/s
0.0T4 58

Ioble 3 . Disporsivo Fudo murgin vuluo.

Disporsivo Fudo Murgin (Ad}~ T7. -T0.Log(S/T58.4} whoro S is signuluro urou or 8EP~T0
-
.

Equipmen
l
Modulolio
n
Copocily 5ignolure
oreo
Ad (dB}
A 800 4 - CAM Tx2 or 2x2 Mbil/s - 0
A 400 4 - CAM 2x2 Mbil/s - 0
4x2 or 8 Mbil/s 0.00TT2
2x8 or 8x2 Mbil/s 0.00 2
Tx2, 4x8, 3x8+4x2 or 34
Mbil/s
0.054 52
A 400 T - CAM 4x2 or 8 Mbil/s -
2x8 or 8x2 Mbil/s 0.0045 3
Tx2, 4x8, 3x8+4x2 or 34
Mbil/s
0.03 54

Ioble 3 . Disporsivo Fudo murgin vuluo.


kx Ihreshold BEk 10
-
(dBm} . onlor Px lhroshold lovol or 8EP~T0
-
,
I lo l Cochonnel (dB} : Tho T lo l rulio is doinod us lho rulio o lho dosirod lo lho
undosirod signul powor lhul dogrudos lho digilul rocoivor lhroshold ul 8EP~T0
-
by T d8.

Equipmen
l
Modulolio
n
Copocily Frequency I lo l (dB}
A 800 4 - CAM Tx2 or 2x2 Mbil/s - -
A 400 UX 4 - CAM 2x2 Mbil/s 2 / 7 / 8 GHz T7
4x2 or 8 Mbil/s 2 / 7 / 8 GHz T7
2x8 or 8x2 Mbil/s 2 / 7 / 8 GHz T7
Tx2, 4x8, 3x8+4x2 or 34
Mbil/s
2 / 7 / 8 GHz T7
A 400 T - CAM 4x2 or 8 Mbil/s 2 / 7 / 8 GHz 2
2x8 or 8x2 Mbil/s 2 / 7 / 8 GHz 2
Tx2, 4x8, 3x8+4x2 or 34
Mbil/s
2 / 7 / 8 GHz 2

Ioble 4 : T lo l vuluo.



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To onlor rudio churuclorislics using dulubuso, click on lho TP, solocl Code index,

New index . lo go lo lho diroclory whoro lho rudio dulubuso is whon il is uvuilublo,
View . lo soo lho rudio diugrum,
5ile 1 . lo solocl lho rudio o silo T,
5ile 2 . lo solocl lho rudio o silo 2,
Bolh . lo solocl rudio or bolh silos,
Close . lo vulidulo lho choico.

.1.4 Chonnel inlormolion

ln Workshool modulo click on Ch.



Figure 2 . Chunnol inormulion lublo.

Ch lD . onlor lho chunnol numbor und lollor L (low} or H (High} lo idonliy lho uppor und
lho lowor roquoncy o u chunnol,
Ix (MHz} . onlor lho corrosponding roquoncy,
AIPC . il is Aulomulic Trunsmil Powor Conlrol rungo in d8,
Power reduclion . lho lrunsmil powor rom lho dosignod powor or un individuul chunnol,
Polorizolion . pross onlor lo chungo polurisulion H (Horizonlul} or \ (\orlicul}. ln cuso o
pussivo ropoulor conigurulion, il muy bo inlorosling lo huvo dioronl polurizulions on lho
shorl und long hops . click on lho righl Pol monu.



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.1.5 Bronching inlormolion
ln Workshool modulo click on lho urrow in lho box.

Enlor munuully lho illor und brunching Tx und Px lossos in lho TX illor loss (d8} und PX illor loss (d8}.
Fixod ullonuulor vuluo in lho lrunsmilling purl muy bo udd in lho Clhor TX loss(d8}.
.2 keliobilily Melhod

ln lho workshool modulo, solocl Operolions / keliobilily Melhods.
Whon u microwuvo link is dosignod, lho roliubilily o lho pulh hus lo bo chockod using u roliubilily
molhod.
To chooso u roliubilily molhod in Workshool modulo, solocl Operolions / keliobilily Melhod.




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Figure 27 . How lo chooso u roliubilily molhod.


Tho rocommondulion lTU-P 530-7/8 is usuully usod or Microwuvo dosign.
This molhod hus lo bo usod or microwuvo dosign o A400, A00 und AWY.

keliobilily melhod . chooso Poc. lTU-P P. 530-7/8 whon dimonsioning microwuvo link
or A400, A00 und AWY.
Iime percenloge . lho usor cun culcululo un unnuul uvuilubilily (. }
unuvuilubilily (0.000T }, solocl . por douull,
Colculolion melhod .
Iolol Annuol Iime Below Level . lho mullipulh rosulls uro roporlod or worsl
monlh und unnuully,
lIU-I G.21 5E5k-Unovoilobilily . lho rosulls uro roporlod or worsl monlh
SESP und unnuul unuvuilubilily, which uro lho inlorosling criloriu lo unulyzo quulily
und uvuilubilily duo lo lho propugulion. This molhod upplios or bolh PDH und
SDH links.
lIU-I G.2 5E5k, BBEk, E5k, Unovoilobilily : lho rosulls uro similur lo lho
G.82T molhod, ESP und 88EP mullipulh uro uddod, unorlunuloly, 88EP cun bo
mousurod bul nol culcululod on SDH oquipmonl, so 88EP rosull is blunk.
kegionol 5londords:
Two dioronl molhods muy bo choson . disporsivo udo murgin or lTU-P 530-oquipmonl
signuluro. As lho lusl ono is moro compliunl wilh lTU rocommondulion, il muy bo usod
whon signuluro vuluos uro uvuilublo in lho rudio oquipmonl ilos.
Tho disporsivo udo murgin vuluos muy bo proorrod in somo cusos.



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.3 Polh prolile Dolo
.3.1 Polh prolile wilh lIU-k 530 - 7/ kecommendolion melhod

To culcululo u pulh roliubilily whon rocommondulion lTU-P 530-7/8 is soloclod, click on pulh druwing
und ill in lho Pulh Proilo Dulu.



Figure 2 . Tho Pulh Proilo Dulu.


Frequency (MHz} . lhis vuluo is downloudod rom Anlonnu Hoighl modulo.
Polh lenglh (km} . lhis vuluo is lrunsorrod rom Torruin Dulu modulo.
Field morgin (dB} .il is u suoly uclor which roprosonls lho long lorm dogrudulion o
connoclors und unlonnu orionlulion in pruclicul inslullulion. Enlor T d8.
Dillroclion loss (dB} . diruclion loss culcululions which uro curriod oul in diruclion
modulo uro nol uulomulicully lrunsorrod.



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Geoclimolic Foclor . ln lho lublo Pulh Proilo Dulu, solocl Goo Clim,



Figure 29 . Gooclimulic uclor culcululion.

Lolilude . lho luliludo o mid pulh is culcululod rom silos coordinulos,
Longilude . lho longiludo o mid pulh is culcululod rom silos coordinulos,
Polh clossilicolion .
Low ollilude onlenno (0 - 400 m} - Ploins . ovorlund or purliully links
or which lho lowor unlonnu ulliludo loss lhun 400 m ubovo moun soo lovol
loculod in lurgoly pluins urou.
Low ollilude onlenno (0 - 400 m} - Hills . ovorlund or purliully links
or which lho lowor unlonnu ulliludo loss lhun 400 m ubovo moun soo lovol
loculod in lurgoly hilly urou.
Medium ollilude onlenno (400 - 700 m} - Ploins . ovorlund or
purliully links or which lho lowor unlonnu ulliludo in lho rungo 400 - 700
m ubovo moun soo lovol loculod in lurgoly pluins urou.
Medium ollilude onlenno (400 - 700 m} - Hills . ovorlund or
purliully links or which lho lowor unlonnu ulliludo in lho rungo 400 - 700
m ubovo moun soo lovol loculod in lurgoly hilly urou.
High ollilude onlenno (> 700 m} - Ploins . ovorlund or purliully links
or which lho lowor unlonnu ulliludo loss lhun 700 m ubovo moun soo lovol
loculod in lurgoly pluins urou.
High ollilude onlenno (> 700 m} - Hills . ovorlund or purliully links
or which lho lowor unlonnu ulliludo loss lhun 700 m ubovo moun soo lovol
loculod in lurgoly hilly urou.
High ollilude onlenno (> 700 m} - Mounloins . ovorlund or purliully
links or which lho lowor unlonnu ulliludo loss lhun 700 m ubovo moun soo
lovol loculod in lurgoly mounluinous urou.



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Use Over woler modilicolion . i lho link is wilhin un inlorvul o 50 kms
ur rom cousls or closo lo muny lukos liko Soulhorn Finlund, solocl lhis
oplion.
Over woler clossilicolion . whon Uso Cvor wulor modiiculion is
luggod lho usor hus lo solocl .
rc (0 lo 1} . il is lho ruclion o link which is loss lhun 50 kms ur
rom cousls or modium / lurgo body o wulor,
lorge bodies ol woler . lhoy includo bodios o wulor us English
Chunnol, Norlh Sou, 8ullic, Modilorrunoun Sou which huvo u widlh
groulor lhun 70 kms.
Medium bodies ol woler . lhoy includo bodios o wulor us 8uy
o Fundy which huvo u widlh smullor 70 kms.
Medium lo lorge bodies ol woler . solocl lhis oplion whon
clussiiculion bolwoon lurgo und modium body o wulor is diicull.
kegions wilh mony lokes . solocl lhis oplion whon lho link
pussos ovor muny lukos us Soulhorn Finlund.
Probobilily dN / dh <-100 NUnils / km (%} . Poor lo lho roruclivily
grudionl ullusos in lho unnox (Porconlugo o Timo Grudionl <~ T00 N
unils/km - or lho monlhs o Fobruury, Muy, Augusl und Novombor}. Solocl
lho vuluo rom lho monlh wilh lho highosl vuluos o Porconlugo o Timo
Grudionl (T0 or Frunco or oxumplo}.
Nolo T . links pussing ovor u smull luko or rivor should normully bo
clussiiod us ovorlund links.
Nolo 2 . un ovorlund pulh is.
u pulh wilh ull ulliludos ubovo T00 m,
or u pulh 50 kms ur rom cousls,
or u pulh wilh ulliludos bolow T00 m und which is loss lhun 50 kms
ur rom cousls bul wilh un olovulion ubovo T00 m bolwoon cousls und lhis
proilo.

Polh inclinolion (mr} . lhis vuluo is culcululod rom silo olovulion, unlonnu hoighls und
pulh longlh. Try lo huvo u high vuluo.
Fode occurrence loclor . lhis vuluo is culcululod rom lho olhor criloriu.
Averoge Annuol Iemperolure (C} . soo in unnox Avorugo Annuul Tomporuluro -
World in F. Convorl lhis lomporuluro in C. T (C} ~ [T (F} - 32| x 5/. This monu is only
uvuilublo i Tolul Annuul Timo 8olow Lovol culcululion molhod is soloclod.
Dispersive Fode Occurrence Foclor . lhis uclor ucls on lho disporsivo udo murgin.
This vuluo is culcululod rom mousuromonls curriod oul on lho microwuvo link PALMETTC -
ANTLANTA. To solocl lhis purumolor, soo Figuro C Fuclors - World in unnox .
or rogions whoro C ~ 0.25 onlor 0.5,
or rogions whoro C ~ T onlor T,
or rogions whoro C ~ 2 onlor 3,
or rogions whoro C ~ 4 onlor 5, or 7 doponding on diicully o propugulion
condilions,
or rogions whoro C ~ onlor .




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.3.2 Polh prolile wilh VlGANI - BAkNEII melhod

To culcululo u pulh roliubilily whon \lGANT 8APNETT molhod is soloclod, click on pulh druwing und ill
in lho Pulh Proilo Dulu.



Figure 30 . Purumolors or \lGANT 8APNETT molhod.


Frequency (MHz} . lhis vuluo is downloudod rom Anlonnu Hoighl modulo.
Polh lenglh (km} . lhis vuluo is lrunsorrod rom Torruin Dulu modulo.
Field morgin (dB} .il is u suoly uclor which roprosonls lho long lorm dogrudulion o
connoclors und unlonnu orionlulion in pruclicul inslullulion. Enlor T d8.
Dillroclion loss (dB} . diruclion loss culcululions uro curriod oul in diruclion modulo
uro nol uulomulicully lrunsorrod.
Climolic Foclor .
onlor 0.5 or good propugulion condilions in mounluinous und dry climulos,
onlor T or uvorugo propugulion condilions or uvorugo lorruin und climulic
condilions,
onlor 2 diicull propugulion condilions ovor wulor pulhs und in gul couslul
urous.



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Ierroin koughness . click on kough.




Figure 31 . How lo culcululo roughnoss.

Tho displuy usos lho lul ourlh proilo.
To culcululo lorruin roughnoss, pluco lho urrow |usl ulor silo T und click lho righl mouso bullon. Tho
urrow will chungod colour. Pluco lho urrow ul lho opposilo ond |usl booro silo 2 und click lho righl
mouso bullon. Thon roughnoss is culcululod or wholo proilo.

C Foclor . il is culcululod wilh roughnoss und climulic uclor.
Averoge Annuol Iemperolure (C} . soo in unnox Avorugo Annuul Tomporuluro -
World in F. Convorl lhis lomporuluro in C. T (C} ~ [T (F} - 32| x 5/. ll is usod lo
culcululo unnuul unuvuilubilily.
Dispersive Fode Occurrence Foclor . lhis uclor dorulos lho disporsivo udo murgin.
This vuluo is culcululod rom mousuromonls curriod oul on lho microwuvo link PALMETTC -
ANTLANTA. To solocl lhis purumolor, soo Figuro C Fuclors - World in unnox .
or rogions whoro C ~ 0.25 onlor 0.5,
or rogions whoro C ~ T onlor T,
or rogions whoro C ~ 2 onlor 3,
or rogions whoro C ~ 4 onlor 5, or 7 doponding on diicully o propugulion
condilions,
or rogions whoro C ~ onlor .





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.4 koin colculolion
To dolormino lho inluonco o ruin on u pulh, click on lho cloud ubovo pulh proilo druwing in lho
workshool modulo.



Figure 32 : Puin culcululion molhod.


Melhod . solocl lTU Poc 530 molhod,
Lood koin File . loud u ruin ilo rom diroclory Plw40 / Puin / llu uccording lho lTU World
Puin Mup in unnox,
Polorisolion . solocl lho polurisulion o unlonnus,
Colculole using .lho ruin culcululion is busod on lho pulh udo murgin und il doponds on
googruphic luyoul o pulh lo bo dosignod und inlororing pulhs.
i lho ruin coll ullonuulos lho dosirod und lho inlororing signul simullunoously,
solocl Ihermol Fode Morgin,
i lho ruin coll ullonuulos only lho dosirod signul lhon solocl Flol Fode Morgin.
Close . lo culcululo ruin ullonuulion.



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Puin culcululion rosulls uro roporlod i ruin inluonco is signiicunl on pulh.



Figure 33 . Puin Error Mossugo.

l ruin porlion o lho culcululion displuy is blunk, il mouns lhul lho culcululion uilod.
To soo lho rousons o uiluro, click on rod 'X bullon on lho slulus bur lo displuy lho orror mossugo.
Dioronl rousons uro possiblo .
lrequency oul ol ronge (1 GHz lo 100 GHz},
negolive roin role duo lo uiluro o inlorpolulion ulgorilhm,
lower limil exceeded - lIU 530 duo lo uiluro o inlorpolulion ulgorilhm.



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.5 Check polh reliobilily
Whon lho usor hus onlorod unlonnu, cublo, rudio churuclorislics, whon Poliubilily molhod is soloclod
und ruin culcululion is porormod, solocl keporl / Full keporl in workshool modulo.



Figure 34 : How lo chock pulh roliubilily.

Worsl Monlh Unovoilobilily - 5E5 hus lo bo soloclod in Operolions / keliobilily Melhod /
Colculolion Melhod whon chocking pulh roliubilily.


Cn roporl shool, compuro lho vuluo roud on lino .
Worsl Monlh Mullipolh + koin (% - sec} whon ruin inluonco is signiicunl,
Worsl Monlh Mullipolh (% - sec} whon ruin inluonco is nol signiicunl.
lo lho rocommondulion lTU-P F.34-4 ob|oclivos.

According lhis rocommondulion, or worsl monlh, unuvuilubilily musl bo .
lowor lhun 0.4 x L / 2500 or 8EP ~ T0
-
,
lowor lhun 0.054 x L / 2500 or 8EP ~ T0
-3
,
wilh L ~ pulh longlh in km.

l ob|oclivos uro nol rouchod, lho usor cun solocl u bollor cublo or unlonnu.



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.5.1 Frequency diversily
l pulh romuins bolow ob|oclivos, lho usor cun opl or Froquoncy Divorsily.
ln Workshool Modulo, solocl Operolions / Diversily Colculolion



Figure 35 . Froquoncy divorsily oplion.



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Tho usor cun.
oilhor onlor vuluo or Frequency spocing ol 5ile 1 (MHz} und Frequency spocing ol
5ile 2 (MHz}. This vuluo is lho dioronco bolwoon chunnol n und chunnol n+2.

Froquoncy plun Froquoncy spucing
7.T - 7.7 GHz 54 MHz (chunnol T&8}
7.7 - 8.3 GHz 5.3 MHz (chunnol
T&3}
8.2 - 8.5 GHz 4. MHz (chunnol
T&5}
7.7 - 8.3 GHz 5.3 MHz (chunnol
T&3}

Ioble 5 . Froquoncy spucing vuluos oxumplos.

or solocl Use IX chonnel ossignmenls whon lrunsmil chunnol lublo conluins moro lhun
ono roquoncy onlry. ll cun bo chockod clicking on Ch box us shown in iguro bolow.



Figure 3 . Trunsmil chunnol lublo.



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.5.2 5poce diversily
l ob|oclivos uro nol rouchod, lho usor cun combino Froquoncy Divorsily und Anlonnu Divorsily (soo
chuplor 3.2 unlonnu conigurulion}.
ln Workshool modulo solocl Conligure / Anlenno Conligurolion lo chooso lho dosirod spuco
divorsily syslom (soo chuplor 3.2 Anlonnu Conigurulion}. Anlonnu divorsily hoighl will bo dolorminod
uccording clourunco criloriu in Anlonnu Hoighl modulo.

ln workshool modulo, solocl Operolions / Diversily Colculolion.



Figure 37 . Spuco divorsily modulo.

Diversily kodio Iype . solocl Bosebond swilching or roulislic culcululions.
5poce diversily Melhod . solocl ALCAIEL - kichordson molhod lo culcululo lho udo
probubilily.
Quod / Hybrid Diversily Melhod . chooso sqrl (lld + lsd} oxcopl on hybrid divorsily
sysloms (roquoncy divorsily on bolh silos und spuco divorsily ul ono ond o lho pulh only}
whoro moximum (lsd, lld} should bo soloclod.





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9. NEIWOkK
This modulo providos .
u googruphic roprosonlulion o lho silos in u nolwork,
lho inloruco lo lho inlru syslom inlororonco culcululions,
uccoss lo lho dosign modulos or individuul PATHLCSS dulu ilos.

Solocl Module / Nelwork.



Figure 3 : How lo build u nolwork.

Click on 5ile Dolo/ 5ile Lisl / lmporl / PAIHLO55 lile,
chooso lho PATHLCSS ilos corrosponding lo lho nolwork,
Solocl lmporl / Close,
Suvo lho nolwork ilo (.gr4} clicking on Files / 5ove.

To prinl lho nolwork solocl Prinl / prinl in Nolwork modulo.



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9.1 Anlenno, Coble ond kodio dolobose

ln ordor lo pororm inlororonco culcululions, lho usor hus lo spociy lho diroclorios whoro PATHLCSS
progrum will ind unlonnu, cublo und rudio dulubuso.
ln Nolwork modulo solocl Conligure / Direclories / Microwove Anlenno Codes und go lo lho
diroclory whoro Anlonnu churuclorislics (diugrum pullorns, guins olc.} uro rocordod.
ln Nolwork modulo solocl Conligure / Direclories / Microwove kodio Codes und go lo lho
diroclory whoro Pudio churuclorislics (lnlororonco Poduclion Fuclor, Throshold lovols olc.} uro rocordod.
8o curoul lo gol buck dulu in lho irsl lovol o lho lroo slrucluro o lho hurd drivo i lho 8DE orror
mossugo occurs.
9.2 lnlerlerence colculolion
To pororm inlororonco culcululions, in Nolwork modulo solocl lnlerlerence / Colculole lnlro.



Figure 39 : lnlororonco culcululion procoduro.

Coordinolion dislonce (km} . inlororonco is nol culcululod i lho inlororing pulh longlh
is groulor lhun lho roquirod dislunco, T00km is ur onough in cuso o lul urou und 50km in
cuso o urbun urou.
Moximum lrequency 5eporolion (MHz} . lnlororonco is culcululod i lho dioronco lho
inlororing lrunsmillor und viclim rocoivor roquoncios is groulor lhun lhis vuluo. Tho douull
vuluo is T50MHz.
Deloull Minimum lnlerlerence Level (dBm} . lho culcululion will dolormino lho
inlororonco lovol ob|oclivo using 8EP~ T0
-
lhroshold lovol und lho Throshold lo



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inlororonco (T/l} rulio spociiod in lho PATHLCSS dulu ilo. l lhis dulu is incomplolo lho
douull minimum inlororonco lovol will bo usod us lho ob|oclivo.
Morgin (dB} . lho culcululion murgin sols u lolorunco on lho roporling o inlororonco
cusos. l lho inlororonco lovol ob|oclivo or lho rocoivor undor losl is -T04 d8m und lho
culcululion murgin is sol lo T0 d8, lhon ull inlororonco cusos groulor lhun -TT4 d8m will bo
roporlod. This vuluo hus usuully lo bo sol lo 0d8.
Digilol inlerlerence Objeclive / Ihreshold Degrodolion (dB} .lho ob|oclivo is
spociiod in lorms o lho ullowublo rocoivor lhroshold dogrudulion, lho usuul vuluos uro Td8
or 3d8.
lgnore diversily onlennos . lhis oplion ignoros ull rocoivo roquoncios ussociulod wilh u
spuco divorsily rocoivo only unlonnu. l lho muin und divorsily unlonnu guins uro dioronl,
lhon inul unulysis should considor lho divorsily unlonnus.
lgnore odjocenl chonnels . onco lho lhroshold dogrudulion o lho ud|uconl chunnols
hus boon oslublishod, uso lhis oplion lo limil lho numbor o cusos.
Solocl Colculole lo pororm culcululions , PATHLCSS dulu ilos uro loudod, lrunsmil und
rocoivo lublos uro croulod, inlororonco culcululion uro slorod in unolhor lublo.

Alwuys click on lnlerlerence / View Error Log lo soo oncounlorod orrors. No orror mossugo is
uwuiling.

\oriy lho chunnol ulloculion mools lho purily rulo in lnlerlerence / keporls / Hi-Lo viololions

To huvo u gonorul viow o ull cusos solocl lnlerlerence / keporls / Cross kelerence. This roporl
sorvos us u cross rooronco lo lho cuso doluilod roporl.



Figure 42 . lnlororonco Cross Pooronco Poporl.

Tho ubbroviulion usod in lhis roporl uro .



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obj . inlororonco ob|oclivo lovol (d8m},
v-i . \iclim lo inlororor pulh longlh (km}
lod . Tolul unlonnu discriminulion (d8}
ill . lnlororing signul (d8m},
ld . Throshold dogrudulion (d8}.

8luck und bluo colours uro usod lo rospoclivoly givo lho uncorrolulod und corrolulod inlororonco cusos.
Corrolulod cuso mouns lho l inlororing und C viclim signuls ollow lho sumo pulh und lhon lhoir
rolulivo vuluos doosnl chungo in cuso o lul or soloclivo uding, plouso roporl lo lho lnlerlerence /
keporls / Cose Deloil monu bolow lo compuro lho C/l culcululod vuluo lo lho C/l uccoplublo vuluo
givon in lho lochnicul documonlulion o lho oquipmonl.
Uncorrolulod cuso mouns lho l inlororing und C viclim signuls donl ollow lho sumo pulh und lho
lhroshold dogrudulion o lho viclim signul hus lo bo lukon inlo uccounl in lho link budgol.

To soo inlororonco rosulls solocl lnlerlerence / keporls / Cose Deloil.



Figure 40 . lnlororonco Cuso Doluil Poporl.



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This roporl urrungos lho inlororonco rosulls inlo cusos und sub - cusos.
A cuso is ono rocoivor. A sub - cuso is u lrunsmillor which is cuusing inlororonco in lhul rocoivor.
Tho displuy or lho lusl sub-cuso shows lho inlororonco lovols und lho composilo lhroshold dogrudulion
duo lo ull sub - cusos.
Groon urrows ullow lho uso lo go rom ono cuso lo unolhor whilo rod urrows givo uccoss lo sub -
cusos.

To go quickly lo un inlororonco cuso numbor click on lilllo groon urrow und onlor lho cuso numbor
doscribod in Cross Pooronco Poporl.



Figure 41 . Cuick uccoss lo un inlororonco cuso.

Tho monu lnlerlerence / Updole Polhloss Files / Updole lhreshold degrodolion ullows lo
uulomulicully updulo ull lho link budgols insorling lho culcululod lhroshold dogrudulion. 8o curoul lo
updulo only lho bluck inlororonco cusos und nol lho bluo onos.




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10. MlCkOWAVE DE5lGN
Whon lho usor dosigns u microwuvo link ho should .

1) Enlor pulh proilo wilh coordinulos, ulliludo und dislunco obsluclos using Torruin Dulu
modulo (chuplor 2}.
2) Culcululo unlonnu hoighl using uccording ALCATEL rulos using Anlonnu Hoighl modulo
(chuplor 3}.
3) Anulyso roloclion on lho pulh using Mullipulh und Poloclion modulos (chuplors 5 und }.
4) Anulyso diruclion on lho pulh wilh Diruclion modulo (chuplor 7}.
5) Wilh Workshool modulo lho usor chock pulh roliubilily (chuplor 8}.
6) Nolwork modulo (chuplor } is usod lo displuy u microwuvo nolwork und lo unulyso
lhroshold dogrudulion whon inlororonco risks oxisl.

For lhoso modulos il is nocossury lo huvo cublo, unlonnu und rudio oquipmonl churuclorislics or lo loud
lhom using dulubusos.


_____ END OF DOCUMENI _____