TUBERCULOSIS

IN ASIA
ALLIE FRYMIRE
WHAT IS
TUBERCULOSIS?
An overview:
Caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB, for short)
Two Types: pulmonary (in the resp. system) and extra-
pulmonary (outside the resp. system)
Tuberculosis most commonly occurs in the lungs, but can
also occur in the central nervous and lymphatic systems
Spread mainly by coughing and through the air
Symptoms include coughing, struggle breathing, fever,
chills, and night sweats

TB IN NUMBERS
One in three people in the entire world have latent TB
95% of TB deaths occur in low- and middle-income
countries
11 of 22 TB high-burden countries are in Asia; 9 of these
are in South and Southeastern Asia
Average percentage of children who are underweight in
Asian TB high-burden countries: ~23%
In 2012, 8.6 million people fell ill with TB, while 1.3 million
died from the disease.
60% of TB cases occur in Asia
WHO?
The World Health Organization, or WHO, describes TB as a
Global Peril, mentioning that one third of the entire
planet has latent tuberculosis. However, TB death rates
have dropped 45% over the last half century. Despite
advances in medicine, a complex strain of TB, called MDR-
TB, resists drugs and makes treatment challenging,
especially in low to middle income countries such as India
and Bangladesh. 9.6% of TB cases developed XDR-TB, a
strain that resists even the strongest medicine modern
doctors have to offer in these countries.
WHY DO WE CARE?
In 2012, there were 9,000 cases of TB in the United States,
the lowest since records were first taken in 1953.
20 years ago, there were over 25,000 cases in the U.S. This
up crop of TB cases was known as the TB Resurgence of
1992
People affected by TB are unable to work and provide for
their families and are thus no longer able to contribute to
their local economy.
Efforts to find cures and treatment for TB can boost
scientific advance in certain areas by encouraging medical
research.

DISCUSSION
Question to think about:
Why do we care about TB?
How does TB affect other areas of a nation, such as
economy and sciences?
What might contribute to the large number of TB cases in
South and Southeastern Asia?
GAME TIME
Here are the rules:
Wait until I finish reading the question to pick your answer
Swat to fly with the correct answer first (without hurting
anybody) to win the point.
Good luck!
QUESTION 1
What are common symptoms of TB?
Fever, night sweats, coughing



Jaundice, rash, and vomiting
QUESTION 2
What percentage of TB cases occur in Asia?
~70%



~60%
QUESTION 3
What causes TB?
Macrobacterium Respiratorium



Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
QUESTION 4
What does WHO stand for?
World Health Organization



World Healthiness Order
QUESTION 5
How many TB-High Burden countries are in South and
Southeastern Asia?
11



9
QUESTION 6
Which statistic does TB prevalence closely correlate to?
Children who are underweight



Education expenditures
QUESTION 7
What are the two types of TB?
Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary



Respiratory and Extrarespiratory
QUESTION 8
What was the TB case spike in 1992 in the U.S. called?
The MTB Insurgence of 1992



The TB Resurgence of 1992
QUESTION 9
~95% of TB deaths occur in
Low- and very low-income countries



Low- and middle-income countries
QUESTION 10
~9.6% of TB patients
Develop XDR-TB, a drug-resistant strain of TB

Resp

Die from their sickness
RECAP
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by mycobacterium
tuberculosis
60% of TB cases occur in Asia
9 of the worlds 22 TB high-burden countries are in South
and Southeastern Asia
TB High-Burden countries in Asia also tend to have a high
prevalence of children who are underweight
Symptoms include fever, night sweats, and coughing
One in three people globally have latent TB
Tuberculosis hinders an individual's ability to work and
provide for their family, thus affecting the local economy