Machine model

2
Consider the DFIG as two sets of abc windings, one on the stator and one on the rotor.

m
Machine model
3
The voltage equation for each phase will have the form:
That is, we can write them all in the following form:
dt
t d
t ri t v
) (
) ( ) (

+ =

cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
r
r
r
s
s
s
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
dt
d
i
i
i
i
i
i
r
r
r
r
r
r
v
v
v
v
v
v

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
All rotor terms are given on the
rotor side in these equations.
We can write the flux terms as functions of the currents, via an equation for each flux of
the form =L
k
i
k
, where the summation is over all six winding currents. However, we
must take note that there are four kinds of terms in each summation.
Machine model
4
Stator-stator terms: These are terms which relate a stator winding flux to a stator
winding current. Because the positional relationship between any pair of stator
windings does not change with rotor position, these inductances are not a function of
rotor position; they are constants.
Rotor-rotor terms: These are terms which relate a rotor winding flux to a rotor
winding current. As in stator-stator-terms, these are constants.
Rotor-stator terms: These are terms which relate a rotor winding flux to a stator
winding current. As the rotor turns, the positional relationship between the rotor
winding and the stator winding will change, and so the inductance will change.
Therefore the inductance will be a function of rotor position, characterized by rotor
angle .
Stator-rotor terms: These are terms which relate a stator winding flux to a rotor
winding current. As described for the rotor-stator terms, the inductance will be a
function of rotor position, characterized by rotor angle .
Machine model
5
There are two more comments to make about the flux-current relations:
Because the rotor motion is periodic, the functional dependence of each rotor-stator
or stator-rotor inductance on is cosinusoidal.
Because changes with time as the rotor rotates, the inductances are functions of
time.
We may now write down the flux equations for the stator and the rotor windings.

cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
r rs
sr s
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
i
i
i
i
i
i
L L
L L

Each of the submatrices in the inductance matrix is a 3x3, as given on the next slide
Note here that all quantities are now referred to the
stator. The effect of referring is straight-forward,
given in the book by P. Krause, Analysis of Electric
Machinery, 1995, IEEE Press, pp. 167-168. I will
not go through it here.
Machine model
6

+
+
+
=
m s m m
m m s m
m m m s
s
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
L

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

+
+
+
=
m r m m
m m r m
m m m r
r
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
L

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

+
+
+
=
m m m
m m m
m m m
m sr
L L



cos 120 cos 120 cos
120 cos cos 120 cos
120 cos 120 cos cos
Diagonal elements are the self-inductance of
each winding and include leakage plus mutual.
Off-diagonal elements are mutual inductances
between windings and are negative because
120axis offset between any pair of windings
results in flux contributed by one winding to
have negative component along the main axis
of another winding.
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
T
sr
m m m
m m m
m m m
m rs
L L L =

+
+
+
=



cos 120 cos 120 cos
120 cos cos 120 cos
120 cos 120 cos cos

m
Machine model
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+
+
+
=
m s m m
m m s m
m m m s
s
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
L

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

+
+
+
=
m r m m
m m r m
m m m r
r
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
L

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
Summarizing.

cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
r
r
r
s
s
s
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
dt
d
i
i
i
i
i
i
r
r
r
r
r
r
v
v
v
v
v
v

0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0

cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
r rs
sr s
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
i
i
i
i
i
i
L L
L L

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
T
sr
m m m
m m m
m m m
m rs
L L L =

+
+
+
=



cos 120 cos 120 cos
120 cos cos 120 cos
120 cos 120 cos cos
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

+
+
+
=
m m m
m m m
m m m
m sr
L L



cos 120 cos 120 cos
120 cos cos 120 cos
120 cos 120 cos cos
Machine model
8

+
+
+
=
m s m m
m m s m
m m m s
s
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
L

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

+
+
+
=
m r m m
m m r m
m m m r
r
L L L L
L L L L
L L L L
L

2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1

cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
r rs
sr s
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
r
r
r
s
s
s
cr
br
ar
cs
bs
as
i
i
i
i
i
i
L L
L L
dt
d
i
i
i
i
i
i
r
r
r
r
r
r
v
v
v
v
v
v
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
Combining.
It is here that we observe a difficulty that the stator-rotor and rotor-stator terms, L
sr
and
L
rs
, because they are functions of
r
, and thus functions of time, will also need to be
differentiated. Therefore differentiation of fluxes results in expressions like
The differentiation with respect to L, dL/dt, will result in time-varying
coefficients on the currents. This will make our set of state equations difficult to solve.
L
dt
di
i
dt
dL
dt
d
+ =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
T
sr
m m m
m m m
m m m
m rs
L L L =

+
+
+
=



cos 120 cos 120 cos
120 cos cos 120 cos
120 cos 120 cos cos
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

+
+
+
=
m m m
m m m
m m m
m sr
L L



cos 120 cos 120 cos
120 cos cos 120 cos
120 cos 120 cos cos