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Introduction.....Nomenclature.....DesignParameters.....Specifications.....Designation.....WormGearProfiles.....Materials.....
DesignProcess.....ThermalDesign.....WormGearFormulue.....FrictionFactors.....StrengthDesigntoBS721.....StrengthDesignto
AGMA.....
I nt roduct i on I nt roduct i on
Awormgearisusedwhenalargespeedreductionratioisrequiredbetweencrossedaxisshaftswhichdonot
intersect.Abasichelicalgearcanbeusedbutthepowerwhichcanbetransmittedislow.Awormdriveconsistsofa
largediameterwormwheelwithawormscrewmeshingwithteethontheperipheryofthewormwheel.Thewormis
similartoascrewandthewormwheelissimilartoasectionofanut.Asthewormisrotatedthewormwheeliscaused
torotateduetothescrewlikeactionoftheworm.Thesizeofthewormgearsetisgenerallybasedonthecentre
distancebetweenthewormandthewormwheel.
Ifthewormgearsaremachinedbasicallyascrossedhelicalgearstheresultisahighlystresspointcontact
gear. Howevernormallythewormwheeliscutwithaconcaveasopposedtoastraightwidth.Thisiscalledasingle
envelopewormgearset.Ifthewormismachinedwithaconcaveprofiletoeffectivelywraparoundthewormwheelthe
gearsetiscalledadoubleenvelopingwormgearsetandhasthehighestpowercapacityforthesize.Singleenveloping
gearsetsrequireaccuratealignmentoftheworm-wheeltoensurefull linetoothcontact.Doubleenvelopinggearsets
requireaccuratealignmentofboththewormandthewormwheeltoobtainmaximumfacecontact.
Thewormisshownwiththewormabovethewormwheel.Thegearsetcanalsobearrangedwiththewormbelowthe
wormwheel.Otheralignmentsareusedlessfrequently.
Nomencl at ure Nomencl at ure
Ascanbeseenintheaboveviewasectionthroughtheaxisofthewormandthecentreofthegearshowsthat, atthis
plane, themeshingteethandthreadsectionissimilartoaspurgearandhasthesamefeatures
!
n
=Normalpressureangle=20
o
asstandard
"=Wormleadangle=(180/ #)tan
-1
(z
1
/ q)(deg)..Note:for!
n
=20
o
"shouldbelessthan25
o
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12/17/10 12/17-12:19AM Worm Gears
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b
a
=Effectivefacewidthofwormwheel.About2.m$(q+1)(mm)
b
l
=Lengthofwormwheel.About14.m.(mm)
c=clearancec
min
=0,2.mcos" , c
max
=0,25.mcos"(mm)
d
1
=Refdiaofworm(Pitchdiaofworm(m))=q.m(mm)
d
a.1
=Tipdiameterofworm=d
1
+2.h
a.1
(mm)
d
2
=Refdiaofwormwheel(Pitchdiaofwormwheel)=(p
x
.z/#)=2.a-d
1
(mm)
d
a.2
=Tipdiawormwheel(mm)
h
a.1
=WormThreadaddendum=m(mm)
h
f.1
=WormThreaddedendum, min=m.(2,2cos"-1), max=m.(2,25cos"-1)(mm)
m=Axialmodule=p
x
/ #(mm)
m
n
=Normalmodule=mcos"(mm)
M
1
=Wormtorque(Nm)
M
2
=Wormwheeltorque(Nm)
n
1
=Rotationalspeedofworm(revs/min)
n
2
=Rotationalspeedofwormwheel(revs/min)
p
x
=Axialpitchofofwormthreadsandcircularpitchofwheelteeth..thepitchbetweenadjacentthreads=#. m.(mm)
p
n
=Normalpitchofofwormthreadsandgearteeth(m)
q=diameterfactorselectedfrom(66,577,588,5910111213141720)
p
z
=Leadofworm=p
x
. z
1
(mm)..Distancethethreadadvancesinonerev'noftheworm.Fora2-startwormthe
lead=2. p
x
R
g
=ReductionRatio
q=Wormdiameterfactor=d
1
/ m-(Allowsmoduletobeappliedtoworm)
=coefficientoffriction
%=Efficiency
V
s
=Worm-gearslidingvelocity(m/s)
z
1
=Numberofthreads(starts)onworm
z
2
=Numberofteethonwormwheel
Worm gear desi gn paramet ers Worm gear desi gn paramet ers
Wormgearsprovideanormalsinglereductionrangeof5:1to75-1.Thepitchlinevelocityisideallyupto30m/s.The
efficiencyofawormgearrangesfrom98%forthelowestratiosto20%forthehighestratios. Asthefrictional heat
generationisgenerallyhighthewormboxisdesigneddisperseheattothesurroundingsandlubricationisandessential
requirement.Wormgearsarequietinoperation.Wormgearsatthehigherratiosareinherentlyselflocking-theworm
candrivethegearbutthegearcannot drivetheworm.Awormgearcanprovidea50:1speedreductionbutnota1:50
speedincrease....(Inpracticeawormshouldnotbeusedabrakingdeviceforsafetylinkedsystemse.ghoists.. Some
materialandoperatingconditionscanresultinawormgearbacksliding)
Thewormgearactionisaslidingactionwhichresultsinsignificantfrictional losses.Theidealcombinationofgear
materialsisforacasehardenedalloysteelworm(groundfinished)withaphosphorbronzegear. Othercombinations
areusedforgearswithcomparativelylightloads.
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Speci f i cat i ons Speci f i cat i ons
BS721Pt21983Specificationforwormgearing!Metricunits.
Thisstandardiscurrent(2004)andprovidesinformationontoothform, dimensionsofgearing,tolerancesforfour
classesofgearsaccordingtofunctionandaccuracy, calculationofloadcapacityandinformationtobegivenon
drawings.
Worm Gear Desi gnat i on Worm Gear Desi gnat i on
Verysimplyapairofwormgearscanbedefinedbydesignationofthenumberofthreadsintheworm,thenumberof
teethonthewormwheel,thediameterfactorandtheaxialmodulei.ez1,z2,q,m.
Thisinformationtogetherwiththecentredistance(a)isenoughtoenablecalculationofandanydimensionofaworm
gearusingtheformuleaavailable.
Worm t eet h Prof i l e Worm t eet h Prof i l e
Thesketchbelowshowsthenormal(notaxial)wormtoothprofileasindicatedinBS721-2forunitaxialmodule(m=
1mm)othermoduleteethareinproportione.g.2mmmoduleteethare2timeslarger
Typicalaxialmodulesvalues(m)usedforwormgearsare
0,50,60,81,01,251,62,02,53,154,05,06,38,010,012,516,020,025,032,040,050,0
Mat eri al s used f or gears Mat eri al s used f or gears
Material Notes applications
Worm
Acetal / Nylon Low Cost, low duty Toys, domestic appliances, instruments
Cast Iron Excellent machinability, medium friction. Used infrequently in modern machinery
Carbon Steel Low cost, reasonable strength Power gears with medium rating.
Hardened Steel High strength, good durability
Power gears with high rating for extended
life
Wormwheel
Acetal /Nylon Low Cost, low duty Toys, domestic appliances, instruments
Phos Bronze
Reasonable strength, low friction and
good compatibility with steel
Normal material for worm gears with
reasonable efficiency
Cast Iron Excellent machinability, medium friction. Used infrequently in modern machinery
Desi gn of a Worm Gear Desi gn of a Worm Gear
ThefollowingnotesrelatetotheprinciplesinBS721-2
MethodassociatedwithAGMAareshownbelow..
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I ni t i al si zi ng of worm gear. . (Mechani cal ) I ni t i al si zi ng of worm gear. . (Mechani cal )
1)InitialinformationgenerallyTorquerequired(Nm),Inputspeed(rpm),Output speed(rpm).
2)SelectMaterialsforwormandwormwheel.
3)CalculateRatio(R
g
)
4)Estimatea=Centerdistance(mm)
5)Setz
1
=Nearestnumberto(7+2,4SQRT(a))/R
g
6)Setz
2
=Nextnumber<R
g
. z
1
7)Usingthevalueofestimatedcentredistance(a)andNoofgearteeth(z
2
)obtainavalueforqfromthetablebelow
8)d
1
=q.m(select)..
9)d
2
=2.a-d
1
10)Selectawormwheelfacewidthb
a
(minimum=2*m*SQRT(q+1))
11)Calculatethepermissibleoutputtorquesforstrength(M
b_1
andwearM
c_1
)
12)Applythereleventdutyfactorstotheallowabletorqueandtheactualtorque
13)Comparetheactualvaluestothepermissiblevaluesandrepeatprocessifnecessary
14)Determinethefrictioncoefficientandcalculatetheefficiency.
15)CalculatethePoweroutandthepowerinandtheinputtorque
6)Completedesignofgearboxincludingdesignofshafts,lubrication,andcasingensuringsufficientheattransferarea
toremovewasteheat.
I ni t i al si zi ng of worm gear. . (Thermal ) I ni t i al si zi ng of worm gear. . (Thermal )
Wormgearsareoftenlimitednotbythestrengthoftheteethbutbytheheatgeneratedbythelowefficiency. Itis
necessarythereforetodeterminetheheatgeneratedbythegears=(Inputpower-Output power).Thewormgearbox
musthavelubricanttoremovetheheatfromtheteethincontactandsufficientareaontheexternal surfacestodistibute
thegeneratedheattothelocalenvironment.Thisrequirescompletinganapproximateheattransfercalculation.Ifthe
heatlosttotheenvironmentisinsufficientthenthegearsshouldbeadjusted(morestarts,largergears)orthebox
geometryshouldbeadjusted,orthewormshaftcouldincludeafantoinducedforcedairflowheatloss.
Formul ae Formul ae
Thereductionratioofawormgear(R
g
)
R
g
=z
2
/z
1
ega30toothwheelmeshingwitha2startwormhasareductionof15
Tangentialforceonworm(F
wt
)=axialforceonwormwheel
F
wt
=F
ga
=2.M
1
/d
1
Axialforceonworm(F
wa
)=Tangentialforceongear
F
wa
=F
gt
=F
wt
.[(cos!
n
-tan!)/(cos!
n
.tan"+)]
Output torque(M
2
)=Tangentialforceonwormwheel*Wormwheel referencediameter/2
M
2
=F
gt
*d
2
/2
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RelationshipbetweentheWormTangentialForceF
wt
andtheGearTangentialforceF
gt
F
wt
=F
gt
.[(cos!
n
.tan"+)/(cos!
n
-tan")]
RelationshipbetweentheoutputtorqueM
2
andtheinputtorqueM
1
M
2
=(M
1
.d
2
/d
1
).[(cos!
n
-tan!)/(cos!
n
.tan"+)]
SeparatingForceonworm-gearwheel(F
s
)
F
s
=F
wt
.[(sin!
n
)/(cos"
n
.sin"+.cos")]
EfficiencyofWormGear(%)
TheefficiencyofthewormgearisdeterminedbydividingtheoutputTorqueM2withfriction=bytheoutputtorque
withzerolossesi.e=0
Firstcancelling[(M
1
. d
2
/ d
1
)/ M
1
. d
2
/ d
1
)] =1
Denominator=[(cos!
n
/ (cos!
n
. tan"] =cot"
%=[(cos!
n
-tan" )/(cos!
n
.tan"+)]/cot"
=[(cos!
n
-.tan")/(cos!
n
+.cot")]
Slidingvelocity(V
s
)...(m/s)
V
s
(m/s)=0,00005236.d
1
.n
1
sec"
=0,00005235.m.n(z
1
2
+q
2
)
1/2
Peripheralvelocityofwormwheel(V
p
)(m/s)
V
p
=0,00005236,d
2
.n
2
Fri ct i on Coef f i ci ent Fri ct i on Coef f i ci ent
CastIronandPhosphorBronze..Tablex1,15
CastIronandCastIron.. Tablex1,33
QuenchedSteel andAluminumAlloy..Tablex1,33
Steel andSteel..Tablex2
Frictioncoefficients-ForCaseHardenedSteel Worm/ PhosBrosWheel
Sliding
Speed
Friction
Coefficient
SlidingSpeed
Friction
Coefficient
m/s m/s

0 0,145 1,5 0,038
0,001 0,12 2 0,033
0,01 0,11 5 0,023
0,05 0,09 8 0,02
0,1 0,08 10 0,018
0,2 0,07 15 0,017
0,5 0,055 20 0,016
1 0,044 30 0,016
Worm Desi gn / Gear Wear / St rengt h Equat i ons Worm Desi gn / Gear Wear / St rengt h Equat i onst o BS721 t o BS721
Note:FordesigningwormgearstoAGMAcodesAGMAmethodofDesigningWormGears
TheinformationbelowrelatestoBS721Pt21983Specificationforwormgearing!Metricunits.BS721provides
averagedesignvaluesreflectingtheexperienceofspecialistgearmanufacturers.Themethodshavebeenrefinedby
additionofvariousapplicationanddutyfactorsasused.Generallywearisthecriticalfactor..
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Permi ssi bl e Load f or St rengt h Permi ssi bl e Load f or St rengt h
Thepermissibletorque(MinNm)onthegearteethisobtainedbyuseoftheequation
M
b
=0,0018X
b.2
#
bm.2
. m.l
f.2
. d
2
.
(example87,1Nm=0,0018x0,48x63x20x80)
X
b.2
=speedfactorforbending(Wormwheel)..SeeBelow
&
bm.2
=BendingstressfactorforWormwheel..SeeTablebelow
l
f.2
=lengthofrootofWormWheel tooth
d
2
=Referencediameterofwormwheel
m=axialmodule
" =Leadangle
Permi ssi bl e Torque f or Wear Permi ssi bl e Torque f or Wear
Thepermissibletorque(MinNm)onthegearteethisobtainedbyuseoftheequation
M
c
=0,00191X
c.2
&
cm.2
.Z.d
2
1,8
. m
(example33,42Nm=0,00191x0,3234x6,7x1,5157x80
1,8
x2)
X
c.2
=Speedfactorforwear(Wormwheel)
&
cm.2
=SurfacestressfactorforWormwheel
Z=Zonefactor.
Lengt h of root of worm wheel t oot h Lengt h of root of worm wheel t oot h
Radiusoftheroot=R
r
=d
1
/2+h
ha,1
(=m)+c(=0,25.m.cos!)
R
r
=d
1
/2+m(1+0,25cos")
l
f.2
=2.R
r
.sin
-1
(2.R
r
/ b
a
)
Note:anglefromsin
-1
(function)isinradians...
Speed Fact or f or Bendi ng Speed Fact or f or Bendi ng
Thisisametricconversionfromanimperialformula..
X
b.2
=speedfactorforbending=0,521(V)
-0,2
V=Pitchcirclevelocity=0,00005236*d
2
.n
2
(m/s)
ThetablebelowisderivedfromagraphinBS721.I cannot seehowthisworksasasmallwormhasasmallerdiameter
comparedtoalargewormandalowerspeedwhichisnotreflectedinusingtheRPM.
Tabl e of speed f act ors f or bendi ng Tabl e of speed f act ors f or bendi ng
RPM(n
2)
X
b.2
RPM(n
2)
X
b.2
1 0,62 600 0,3
10 0,56 1000 0,27
20 0,52 2000 0,23
60 0,44 4000 0,18
100 0,42 6000 0,16
200 0,37 8000 0,14
400 0,33 10000 0,13
Addi t i onal f act ors Addi t i onal f act ors
TheformulafortheacceptabletorqueforwearshouldbemodifiedtoallowadditionalfactorswhichaffecttheAllowable
torqueM
c
M
c2
=M
c
. Z
L
. Z
M
.Z
R
/ K
C
Thetorqueonthewormwheelascalculatedusingthedutyrequirements(M
e
)mustbelessthantheacceptabletorque
M
c2
foradutyof27000hourswithuniformloading.ForloadingotherthanthisthenM
e
shouldbemodifiedas
follows
M
e2
=M
e
. K
S
*K
H
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Thus
uniformload<27000hours(10years)M
e
'M
c2

OtherconditionsM
e2
'M
c2

Fact ors used i n equat i ons Fact ors used i n equat i ons
Lubrication(Z
L
)..
Z
L
=1ifcorrectoil withanti-scoringadditiveelsealowervalueshouldbeselected
Lubricant(Z
M
)..
Z
L
=1forOilbathlubricationatV
s
<10m/s
Z
L
=0,815Oilbathlubricationat10m/s<V
s
<14m/s
Z
L
=1Forcedcirculationlubrication
Surfaceroughness(Z
R
)..
Z
R
=1ifWormSurfaceTexture<3mandWormwheel <12 m
elseuselessthan1
Toothcontactfactor(K
C
Thisrelatestothequalityandrigidityofgears. Use1forfirstestimate
K
C
=1ForgradeAgearswith>40%height and>50%widthcontact
=1,3-1,4ForgradeAgearswith>30%height and>35%widthcontact
=1,5-1,7ForgradeAgearswith>20%height and>20%widthcontact
Startingfactor(K
S
)..
K
S
=1for<2Startsperhour
=1,07for2-5Startsperhour
=1,13for5-10Startsperhour
=1,18morethan10Startsperhour
Time/ Dutyfactor(K
H
)..
K
H
for27000hourslife(10years)withuniformdriveranddrivenloads
Forotherconditionsseetablebelow
Tabl es f or use wi t h BS 721 equat i ons Tabl es f or use wi t h BS 721 equat i ons
Speed Fact ors Speed Fact ors
X
c.2
=K
V
.K
R

Note:ThistableisnotbasedonthegraphinBS721-2(figure7)itisbasedonanothermoreeasytofollowgraph.At
lowvaluesofslidingvelocityandRPMitagreescloselywithBS721.Athigherspeedvelocitiesitgivesalowervalue
(e.gat20m/s-600RPMthevaluefromthistableforX
c.2
isabout80%ofthevalueinBS721-2
Tabl e of Worm Gear Speed Fact ors Tabl e of Worm Gear Speed Fact ors
Note-slidingspeed=V
s
andRotatingspeed=n
2
(Wormwheel)
Slidingspeed K
V
RotatingSpeed K
R
m/s rpm
0 1 0,5 0,98
0,1 0,75 1 0,96
0,2 0,68 2 0,92
0,5 0,6 10 0,8
1 0,55 20 0,73
2 0,5 50 0,63
5 0,42 100 0,55
10 0,34 200 0,46
20 0,24 500 0,35
30 0,16 600 0,33
St ress Fact ors St ress Fact ors
Tabl e of Worm Gear St ress Fact ors Tabl e of Worm Gear St ress Fact ors

Othermetal
(Worm)
P.B. C.I.
0,4%
C.Steel
0,55%
C.Steel
C.Steel
Case.H'd
Bending
(&
bm
)
Wear(&
cm
)
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Metal
(Wormwheel)
(&
bm
)
Wear(&
cm
)
MPa MPa
Phosphor Bronze
Centrifugal cast
69 8,3 8,3 9,0 15,2
Phosphor Bronze
Sand Cast Chilled
63 6,2 6,2 6,9 12,4
Phosphor Bronze
Sand Cast
49 4,6 4,6 5,3 10,3
Grey Cast Iron 40 6,2 4,1 4,1 4,1 5,2
0,4% Carbon steel 138 10,7 6,9
0,55% Carbon steel 173 15,2 8,3
Carbon Steel
(Case hardened)
276 48,3 30,3 15,2
Zone Fact or (Z) Zone Fact or (Z)
Ifb
a
<2,3(q+1)
1/2
ThenZ=(BasicZonefactor). b
a
/2(q+1)
1/2

Ifb
a
>2,3(q+1)
1/2
ThenZ=(BasicZonefactor).1,15
Tabl e of Basi c Zone Fact ors Tabl e of Basi c Zone Fact ors
q
z1 6 6,5 7 7,5 8 8,5 9 9,5 10 11 12 13 14 17 20
1 1,045 1,048 1,052 1,065 1,084 1,107 1,128 1,137 1,143 1,16 1,202 1,26 1,318 1,402 1,508
2 0,991 1,028 1,055 1,099 1,144 1,183 1,214 1,223 1,231 1,25 1,28 1,32 1,36 1,447 1,575
3 0,822 0,89 0,989 1,109 1,209 1,26 1,305 1,333 1,35 1,365 1,393 1,422 1,442 1,532 1,674
4 0,826 0,83 0,981 1,098 1,204 1,701 1,38 1,428 1,46 1,49 1,515 1,545 1,57 1,666 1,798
5 0,947 0,991 1,05 1,122 1,216 1,315 1,417 1,49 1,55 1,61 1,632* 1,652 1,675 1,765 1,886
6 1,131 1,145 1,172 1,22 1,287 1,35 1,438 1,521 1,588 1,625 1,694 1,714 1,733 1,818 1,928
7 1,316 1,34 1,37 1,405 1,452 1,54 1,614 1,704 1,725 1,74 1,76 1,846 1,98
8 1,437 1,462 1,5 1,557 1,623 1,715 1,738 1,753 1,778 1,868 1,96
9 1573 1,604 1,648 1,72 1,743 1,767 1,79 1,88 1,97
10 1,68 1,728 1,748 1,773 1,798 1,888 1,98
11 1,732 1,753 1,777 1,802 1,892 1,987
12 1,76 1,78 1,806 1,895 1,992
13 1,784 1,806 1,898 1,998
14 1,811 1,9 2
Dut y Fact or Dut y Fact or
Dut y - t i me Fact or K Dut y - t i me Fact or K
HH
Impact fromPrime
mover
Expectedlife
hours
K
H
Impact FromLoad
UniformLoad MediumImpact Strongimpact
UniformLoad
MotorTurbine
Hydraulicmotor
1500 0,8 0,9 1
5000 0,9 1 1,25
27000 1 1,25 1,5
60000 1,25 1,5 1,75
Lightimpact
multi-cylinderengine
1500 0,9 1 1,25
5000 1 1,25 1,5
27000 1,25 1,5 1,75
60000 1,5 1,75 2
MediumImpact
Singlecylinder
engine
1500 1 1,25 1,5
5000 1,25 1,5 1,75
27000 1,5 1,75 2
60000 1,75 2 2,25
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Worm q val ue sel ect i on Worm q val ue sel ect i on
Thetablebelowallowsselectionofqvaluewhichprovidesareasonablyefficient wormdesign.Therecommended
centredistancevalue"a"(mm)islistedforeachqvalueagainstarangeofz
2
(teethnumbervalues).Thetablehas
beenproducedbyreferencetotherelevantplotinBS721
Example
Ifthenumberofteethonthegearisselectedas45andthecentredistanceis300mmthenaqvaluefortheworm
wouldbeabout7.5
Importantnote:Thistableprovidesreasonablevaluesforall wormspeeds.Howeveratwormspeedsbelow300rpma
separateplotisprovidedinBS721whichproducesmoreaccurateqvalues.Attheselowerspeedstheresultingq
valuesareapproximately1.5higherthanthevaluesfromthistable.Theaboveexampleatlessthan300rpmshouldbe
increasedtoabout9
Tabl e f or opt i mum q val ue sel ect i on Tabl e f or opt i mum q val ue sel ect i on
NumberofTeethOnWormGear(z
2
)
q 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80
6 150 250 380 520 700
6.5 100 150 250 350 480 660
7 70 110 170 250 350 470 620 700
7.5 50 80 120 180 240 330 420 550 670
8 25 50 80 120 180 230 300 380 470 570 700
8.5 28 90 130 130 180 220 280 350 420 500 600 700
9 40 70 100 130 170 220 280 330 400 450 520
9.5 25 50 70 100 120 150 200 230 300 350 400
10 26 55 80 100 130 160 200 230 270 320
11 25 28 55 75 100 130 150 180 220 250
12 28 45 52 80 100 130 150 100
13 27 45 52 75 90 105
AGMA met hod of Desi gni ng Worm Gears AGMA met hod of Desi gni ng Worm Gears
TheAGMAmethodisprovidedherebecauseitisrelativelyeasytouseandconvenient-AGMAisall imperialandsoI
haveusedconversionvaluessoall calculationscanbecompletedinmetricunits..
Goodproportionsindicatethatforacentretocentredistance=Cthemeanwormdiad
1
iswithintherange
Imperial(inches)
(C
0,875
/ 3)$d
1
$(C
0,875
/ 1,6)
Metric(mm)
(C
0,875
/ 2)$d
1
$(C
0,875
/ 1,07)
Theacceptabletangentialload(W
t
)
all
(W
t
)
all
=C
s
. d
2
0,8
.b
a
.C
m
.C
v
. (0,0132)(N)
Theformulawillresultinalifeofover25000hourswithacasehardenedalloysteelwormandaphosphorbronzewheel
C
s
=Materialsfactor
b
a
=Effectivefacewidthofgearwheel=actualfacewidth.butnottoexceed0,67. d
1
C
m
=Ratiofactor
C
v
=Velocityfactor
ModifiedLewisequationforstressinducedinwormgearteeth.
&
a
=W
t
/ (p
n
. b
a
. y)(N)
W
t
=WormgeartangentialForce(N)
y=0,125foranormalpressureangle!
n
=20
o
Thefrictionforce=W
f
W
f
=f.W
t
/ (.cos(
n
)(N)
12/17/10 12/17-12:19AM Worm Gears
Page 10 of 11 http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Drive/Worm_Gears.html
!=wormleadangleatmeandiameter
"
n
=normalpressureangle
Theslidingvelocity=V
s
V
s
=#.n
1
. d
1
/ (60,000)
d
1
=meandiaofworm(mm)
n
1
=rotationalspeedofworm(revs/min)
Thetorquegenerated"atthewormgear=M
b
(Nm)
T
G
=W
t
.d
1
/ 2000
Therequiredfrictionheatlossfromthewormgearbox
H
loss
=P
in
(1-%)
%=gearefficiencyasabove.
C C
ss
val ues val ues
C
s
=270+0,0063(C)
3
...forC'76mm....Else
C
s
(Sandcastgears)=1000ford
1
'64mm...else...1860-477log(d
1
)
C
s
(Chilledcastgears)=1000ford
1
'200mm...else...2052-456log(d
1
)
C
s
(Centrifugallycastgears)=1000ford
1
'635mm...else...1503-180log(d
1
)
C C
mm
val ues val ues
N
G
=Numberofteethonwormgear.
N
W
=Numberofstardsonwormgear.
m
G
=gearration=N
G
/N
W
C C
vv
val ues val ues
C
v
(V
s
>3,56m/s)=0,659exp(-0,2167V
s
)
C
v
(3,56m/s'V
s
<15,24m/s)=0,652(V
s
)
-0,571
)
C
v
(V
s
>15,24m/s)=1,098.(V
s
)
-0,774
)
f val ues f val ues
f (V
s
=0)=0,15
f (0<V
s
'0,06m/s)=0,124exp(-2,234(V
s
)
0,645

f (V
s
>0,06m/s)=0,103exp(-1,1855(V
s
))
0,450
)+0,012
12/17/10 12/17-12:19AM Worm Gears
Page 11 of 11 http://www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Drive/Worm_Gears.html
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LastUpdated18/04/2010