GRAMMAR FOR WRITING

1. Write a new sentence with the same meaning, containing the word in capitals and a participle
clause.
a As it was a public holiday, there was a lot of traffic on the roads. eing
b When I opened the letter, I realized it was from Professor Alton. on
c The palace was destroyed by fire during the war but later reconstructed. though
d As Carol walked from the room, tears streamed from her eyes. streaming
e I broke the camera as I tried to remoe the memory card. in
f !y hair has become soft and shining since I"e used #losso shampoo. using
g $an was taken to hospital after she was knocked down by a car. eing
h After he had been shown to his room, #eorge lay down on the bed and slept. ha!ing
". #omplete the sentence wit h a word or phrase $rom the list.
abandoned although being by if it there though while without
a ............................................ feeling dizzy, %arah managed to play on until the end of the match.
b ............................................a powerful swimmer, #eorge reached the island in less than an hour.
c ............................................waiting for a reply, the mysterious stranger anished into the night.
d ............................................being a &riday, eeryone in the office was in a good mood.
e ............................................ walking across the field, 'ita noticed something glittering by the path.
f ............................................by its owner, the old dog sat by the side of the road and howled.
g ............................................shocked by what he had seen, !artin tried to keep calm.
h ............................................being no chance of escape, the two men gae themseles up to the police.
i ............................................ using a fan(assisted oen, reduce cooking time by half an hour.
) ............................................signing your name here, you agree to the conditions listed below.
%. I$ possile, change the relati!e clause in these sentences to an &ing, past participle or eing ' past
participle clause as appropriate. I$ it is not possile, write ( a$ter the sentence.
*. The people who are being asked to take early retirement are all oer the age of +,.
-. The book that she wanted to borrow wasn"t aailable in the library.
.. The eye hospital has recently obtained new e/uipment which will allow far more patients to be treated.
0. The children who are being moed to another school all hae learning difficulties.
1. The man who died in the accident came from 2ulgaria.
+. An agreement has been signed to protect the forests which are being cut down all oer the world.
3. I ran through the crowd of people who were hurrying to get to work.
4. If you know of anyone who would like to buy !aggie"s car, let me know.
5. The trees that were blown down in last night"s storm hae been moed off the road.
*,. The woman who isited us last week has sent us a present.
). Add reduced !ersions o$ these ad!erial clauses to the $ollowing sentences *adapted $rom a
newspaper article aout prolems in +ondon,s -nderground railwa. s.stem/.
although it manages as if they were trying until they make sure while they waited
although they were frustrated once it has been broken since it opened
67ample8 While waiting in line for buses during a recent one(day train strike, 9ondon"s commuters displayed
remarkable patience with their struggling :nderground.
* ......................................................most people )ust shrugged and went back to their
newspapers, .................................... to ignore this latest inconenience.
- .................................... in *4+., the :nderground has grown into a sprawling network of tracks, some of
which are in desperate need of repair.
. ............................................................ to coer its operating costs from fares, the :nderground neer seems
to hae enough money for long(term inestment and maintenance.
0 The goernment"s argument is that, ....................................into seeral priate companies, each of the
system"s smaller parts will be better able to attract new inestment.
1 ;pponents of the goernment"s plan to sell parts of the :nderground say that they should not be allowed to
proceed...................................................................that all e7isting lines are safe for passengers.
5. Insert not+participle or without+gerund.
1. Dr. Wallace filled a pipe from the bowl on his desk, then put it down ....................... it. (to light)
(Stone) 2. ....................... what he wanted, he looked slowly about the room. (to find) (Priestley) .
!ee drew a breath and leaned against the birch for a moment ....................... anything. (to say)
(Aldridge) ". # won$t go abroad ....................... you. (to see) (Gatsworthy) %.
....................... what.to reply, # remained silent. (to know) (Maugham) &.... on the street he would
look directly at friends ....................... them. (to see) (Stone) '. (nly then,
....................... what further to say, had he become silent. (to know) (Stone) ). We walked
....................... for a short while, (to speak) (Hansford Johnson) *. Would she ha+e gone away
....................... you if she lo+ed you, (to see) (Heym) 1-. .hen she saw /ise and turned away,
....................... to talk with her. 0he went hastily to cross the road ....................... and
was almost run o+er by a bus. (to want, to look) (Lindsay) 11. ....................... to lea+e him in the
club, # offered to take him home to my wife, or to go with him to his own house, deserted now. (to like) (Snow)
12. 1e returned the salutes of se+eral pri+ates ....................... them. (to see) (Jones) 1. 1e stopped,
....................... how to continue and stood shifting from one foot to the other. (to know) (Greene)
1". 2iss 3asement stood for a moment, ....................... whether to be pleased or not at this
unforseen familiarity. (to know) (Murdoch) 1%. 1e sat down, ....................... his mackintosh. (to
take off) (Snow)