Chapter 1

MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
Chapter 1
1-1*
From a free-body diagram of the forearm,
the equilibrium equations give
0:
y
F = 20 0 T F W =
0:
F
M = ( ) 1.5 5.5 11.5 20 0 T W =
............................... Ans. 3.667 153.33 lb T W = +
............................... Ans. 2.667 133.33 lb F W = +
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1-2*
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium
0:
x
F =
2 1
cos10 sin10 0 T T =
0:
y
F = ( )
1 2
cos10 sin10 175 9.81 0 T T =
are solved to get

1 2
5.67128 T T =
.............................................................................. Ans.
1
1799 N T =
................................................................................ Ans.
2
317 N T =
....................................................... Ans. ( )
3
175 9.81 1717 N T = =
1-3
The equations of equilibrium
0:
x
F = sin30 sin30 0
A B
N N =
0:
y
F = cos30 cos30 800 0
A B
N N + =
are solved to get

A B
N N =
462 lb
A
= N ................................................................ Ans. 60
462 lb
B
= N ................................................................ Ans. 60
1-4*
0:
x
F = sin 45 0
x B
A N =
o
0:
y
F = cos 45 300 0
y B
A N +
o
=
0:
A
M =
( ) ( ) 1.5 cos 45 1.5 300 0
B
N =
o

are solved to get
424.264 N 424 N
B
N = 45............................. Ans.
300 N
x
A = 0 N
y
A =
........................................................ Ans. 300 N = A

1-5
0:
x
F = 0
x
A =
0:
y
F = 250 0
y
A =
0:
A
M = ( ) 3 250 0
A
M =
are solved to get
0 lb
x
A = 250 lb
y
A =
.....................................................Ans. 250 lb = A
.................................................Ans. 750 lb ft
A
M =
1-6
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
0:
x
F = 0
x
A =
0:
y
F = 10 15 0
y F
A N + =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 9 3 10 6 15
F
N = 0
are solved to get
0 kN
x
A =
11.6667 kN
y
A =
13.3333 kN
F
N =
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section of the truss,
the equations of equilibrium
0:
C
M = ( ) 3 13.3333 3 0
DE
T =
0:
D
M = ( ) ( ) 3 3 15 6 13.3333 0
BC
T + =
0:
y
F = 13.3333 15 cos 45 0
CD
T =
o
are solved to get
............................................................................................................ Ans. 13.33 kN (T)
DE
T =
.................................................................................. Ans. 11.67 kN 11.67 kN (C)
BC
T = =
...................................................................................... Ans. 2.36 kN 2.36 kN (C)
CD
T = =
1-7*
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 27 13 33cos15 4 35sin15 0
F
N + =
14.93561 lb 14.94 lb
F
N = ............. Ans. 75
0:
x
F = Z cos30 35sin15 0 P =
10.46005 lb 10.46 lb P = 15 ................ Ans.
0:
y
F = ^ sin30 35cos15 0
R F
N N P + =
24.1 lb
R
N = .......................................... Ans. 75
1-8
0:
y
F = 4060 5210 0 P + =
.......................................................................................Ans. 1150 N P =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 16 4060 37 5210 0 C =
...............................................Ans. 257, 730 N mm 258 N m C =

1-9*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
0:
x
F = 0
x
A =
0:
y
F = 10 20 0
y E
A N + =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 45 15 10 30 20 0
E
N =
are solved to get
0 kip
x
A =
13.3333 kip
y
A =
16.6667 kip
E
N =
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section
of the truss, the equations of equilibrium
0:
F
M = ( ) 15 15 sin30 0
E DE
N T + =
=
G
0:
E
M = ( ) ( ) 15 20 15 sin 60 0
CF
T
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) 22.5 7.5 20 15cos30 0
E F
N T =
are solved to get
............................................................................... Ans. 33.3333 kip 33.3 kip (C)
CD
T =
.................................................................................. Ans. 23.094 kip 23.1 kip (T)
CF
T = +
.................................................................................. Ans. 17.32 kip 17.32 kip (T)
FG
T = + =
1-10*
( ) 2000 9.81 19, 620 N W = =
0:
x
F = Z sin30 0 P W =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 2 sin30 2 cos30 3 1 0
F
W W N + = P
0:
y
F = ^ cos30 0
R F
N N W + =
9810 N 9.81 kN P = = ............................... Ans. 30
8933.806 N 8.93 kN
R
N = .................... Ans. 60
8057.612 N 8.06 kN
F
N = ................... Ans. 60
1-11
From a free-body diagram of the brake pedal, the equilibrium
equations are solved to get the forces
0:
A
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) 5.5 30cos30 11 30sin30 4 0 Q =
62.871 lb Q =
0:
x
F = 30cos30 0
x
A Q + =
36.890 lb
x
A =
0:
y
F = 30sin30 0
y
A =
15.00 lb
y
A =
39.8 lb = A ........................................................... Ans. 22.13
........................................................................ Ans. 62.9 lb = Q
1-12*
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces and moment
0:
x
F = 0
x
A =
0:
y
F = 2 0
y
A =
2 kN
y
A =
0:
A
M = ( ) 2 4 3 0
A
M =
11 kN m
A
M =
................................................................................................................................ Ans. 2 kN = A
..................................................................................................................... Ans. 11 kN m
A
= M
1-13
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
0:
x
F = 0
x
A =
0:
A
M =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
15 3 500 6 800
9 700 12 400 0
B
=
1160 lb B =
0:
y
F = 500 800 700 400 0
y
A B + =
1240 lb
y
A =
........................................................................................................................... Ans. 1240 lb = A
............................................................................................................................ Ans. 1160 lb = B
1-14
( ) 450 9.81 4414.50 N W = =
From a free-body diagram of the lower pulley,
vertical equilibrium equation gives the tension
0:
y
F =
1
2 4414.50 0 T =

1
2207.25 N T =
Then, from a free-body diagram of the upper pulley,
moment equilibrium equation gives the force F
0:
axle
M =
1 1
100 90 100 0 T T F =
............................................................................................................................... Ans. 221 N F =
1-15*
From a free-body diagram of the bracket, the equilibrium equations
0:
A
M = ( )( ) ( ) 18 12 10 2 12 3 0 B =

0:
x
F = 0
x
A B + =
0:
y
F = ( )( ) 12 10 2 0
y
A =

Are solved to get the forces
13.333 lb B =
13.333 lb
x
A = 60.0 lb
y
A =
61.464 lb 61.5 lb = A ..................................... Ans. 77.47
....................................................................... Ans. 13.33 lb = B
1-16
(a) From a free-body diagram of the plane, the force
equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
0:
x
F = 40cos 70 70cos16 0 V =
0:
y
F = 40sin 70 70sin16 0 N =
.........................................Ans. 81.0 N V =
.................Ans. 56.882 N 56.9 N N =
(b) Then the moment equilibrium equation gives
the required location of the normal force
0:
A
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) 70cos16 75 70sin16 280 Nd +
( )( ) ( )( ) 40cos 70 60 40sin 70 60 0 + =
31.5 mm d =
....................................................................... Ans. 31.5 mm (from the left end of plane)
1-17*
0:
A
M = ( ) 1.25 9 25 0
D
N =
....................................Ans. 180.0 lb
D
N =
0:
x
F = sin38 0
x D
A N + =
0:
y
F = 25 cos38 0
y D
A N =
110.8 lb
x
A = 166.8 lb
y
A =
200.3 lb = A ................................................................... Ans. 56.4
1-18*
From a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
moment equilibrium gives
0:
x
F = cos 0
A x
F B + =
0:
y
F = sin 100 0
A y
F B + =
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 93 100 28 sin 5 cos 0
A A
F F + =

1
30
tan 30.964
50

= =
919.116 N
A
F =
788.136 N
x
B = 372.881 N
y
B =

Then a free body diagram of the upper jaw gives
0:
C
M = 12 35 0
y x
Fd B B + + =

2 2
35 15 38.0789 mm d = + =
Therefore
842 N F = on the jaw 66.8
842 N = F on the block.......................................................................................... Ans. 66.8
1-19
Use W (the weight carried by one truss). Then by symmetry (or from equilibrium of a free-body 3750 lb =
diagram of the entire truss) each support carries half of the total weight
2 1875 lb
y y
E A W = = =
Also by symmetry (or equilibrium of a free-body diagram of the truck), the trucks weight is divided equally
between its front and rear wheels.
2 1875 lb
F R
N N W = = =
Then equilibrium of the floor panel between pins G and H gives
0:
H
M = ( )
1
10 4 1875 0 G =

1
750 lb G =
0:
G
M = ( )
1
6 1875 10 0 H =

1
1125 lb H =
Next, from a free-body diagram of a section of the left side of the truss

1
5
tan 26.565
10

= =
1
8
tan 38.660
10

= =
0:
B
M = ( ) 8 5 1875 0
GH
T =
1171.875 lb
GH
T =
0:
G
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 15 1875 8 cos 10 sin 10 1125 0
BC BC
T T + =
............................................. Ans. 1451.295 lb 1451 lb (C)
BC
T =
0:
y
F = 1875 sin sin 1125 0
BC BG
T T + =
................................................... Ans. 161.6 lb 161.6 lb (T)
BG
T = + =
Finally, from a free-body diagram of pin C
0:
x
F = cos cos 0
CD BC
T T =
0:
y
F = sin sin 0
BC CD CG
T T T =
1451.295 lb
CD
T =
...................................................... Ans. 1298 lb 1298 lb (T)
CG
T = + =
1-20*
Cut a section through CD, DG, and FG, and draw a free-body diagram
of the upper-portion of the truss. The equilibrium equations give
0:
G
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) ( ) 5cos30 9 5sin30 4 3 0
CD
T + =
0:
D
M = ( )( ) ( ) 5cos30 6 3 0
FG
T =
................... Ans. 9.66 kN 9.66 kN (C)
CD
T = =
.......................................... Ans. 8.66 kN (T)
FG
T =
1-21
A free-body diagram of cylinder A gives
0:
x
F = cos 60 cos 60 0
AB AC
N N =
0:
y
F = sin 60 sin 60 100 0
AB AC
N N + =
57.73503 lb
AB AC
N N = =
Then, from a free-body diagram of cylinder B
0:
x
F = sin cos 60 0
AB BC
B N N =
0:
y
F = cos sin 60 200 0
AB
B N =
The minimum force occurs when , therefore 0
BC
N =

cos 60 sin
tan
cos sin 60 200
AB
AB
N B
B N

= =
+

6.59 = ........................................................................................... Ans.
1-22
( ) 250 9.81 2452.50 N W = =
From a free-body diagram of the pulley
0:
x
F = cos cos 0 T T =
0:
y
F = sin sin 2452.50 0 T T + =
=
From the geometry of the cable
42 m a b + =
( ) cos 40 m a b + =

1
40
cos 17.7528
42

= =
Also from the geometry of the cable
sin 6 sin h a b = = +
Therefore
( ) 6 sin 19.67789 m a b = =
which together with gives 42 m a b + =
30.83895 m a = 11.16105 m b =
cos 29.4 m x a = = ...................................................................... Ans.
...................................................................................... Ans. 4020 N T =
1-23*
Max pull occurs when either the rear wheels begin to slip
( )
0.8
y
B B = or when the front wheels start to lift off the
ground . The force which makes the front wheels lift off of the ground is
(
0
y
A =
)
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 8 15, 000 5 cos30 10 sin30 0 P P =
................................................................................................... Ans. 12,862 lb 12.86 kip P =
Checking the amount of friction required and the amount of friction available for this pulling force
0:
x
F = sin30 0
x
P B =
0:
y
F = 15, 000 cos30 0
y y
A B P + =
0
y
A =
6431 lb (friction required)
x
B =
26,138 lb
y
B =
( ) 0.8 26138 20, 911 lb (friction available) =
Since the friction required is much less than the friction available, we made the correct guess.
1-24
Divide the weight by 2 since there are two frames
( ) 200 9.81 2 981 N W = =
Then from a free-body diagram of the drum
0:
x
F =
1 2
cos 45 cos 45 0 N N =
0:
y
F =
1 2
0.4 sin 45 sin 45 981 0 N N + =
................................................Ans.
1 2
693.672 N 694 N N N = =
Finally from a free-body diagram of one leg
0:
C
M =
2
1 1 0.8 T A N = 0
0:
x
F =
2
sin 45 0
x
T C N + + =
0:
y
F =
2
cos 45 0
y
A C N + =
where by symmetry (or from overall equilibrium)
981 2 490.5 N A = = .............................................................. Ans.
and then
.................................................. Ans. 1045.4376 N 1045 N T =
............................................ Ans. 1535.94 N 1536 N
x
C =
.................................................................................... Ans. 0 N
y
C =
1-25*
The components of the three tension forces are

2 2 2
20 30 50
20 30 50
0.32444 0.48666 0.81111
A A
A A
T
T T
+
=
+ +
= +
i j k
T
i
A
T j k

2 2 2
16 25 50
16 25 50
0.27517 0.42995 0.85990
B B
B B
T
T T

=
+ +
=
i j k
T
i
B
T j k

2 2 2
25 15 50
25 15 50
0.43193 0.25916 0.86387
C C
C C
T
T T

=
+ +
=
i j k
T
i
C
T j k

Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
: x 0.32444 0.27517 0.43193 0
A B
T T T +
C
=
: y 0.48666 0.42995 0.25916 0
A B
T T T
C
=
: z 0.81111 0.85990 0.86387 900 0
A B C
T T T + =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 418.214 lb 418 lb
A
T =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 205.219 lb 205 lb
B
T =
.................................................................................................... Ans. 444.876 lb 445 lb
C
T =
1-26*
The components of the forces are
( ) 100 9.81 981 N = = W k k

2 2 2
4 8 5
4 8 5
0.39036 0.78072 0.48795
A A
A A
T
T T
+
=
+ +
= +
i j k
T
i
A
T j k

2 2 2
6 8 5
6 8 5
0.53666 0.71554 0.44721
B B
B B
T
T T
+
=
+ +
= +
i j k
T
i
B
T j k

2 2
8 5
0.84800 0.53000
8 5
C C C C
T T
+
= = +
+
j k
T T j k
: x 0.39036 0.53666 0
A B
T T =
: y 0.78072 0.71554 0.84800 0
A B
T T T +
C
=
: z 0.48795 0.44721 0.53000 981 0
A B C
T T T + + =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 603.139 N 603 N
A
T =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 438.716 N 439 N
B
T =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 925.473 N 925 N
C
T =
1-27
From a free-body diagram of pin A
0:
x
F = cos 45 cos 45 0
AF AB
T T =
0:
y
F = 20 sin 45 sin 45 0
AB AF
T T =
.................................... Ans. 14.14214 lb 14.14 lb
AB AF
T T = =
Finally from a free-body diagram of BCD
0:
x
F = cos 45 0
AB x x
T C D + + =
0:
y
F = sin 45 0
AB y y
T C D + =
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 1.5 10 2 cos 45 1 sin 45 0
x AB AB
D T T =
where by symmetry (or from overall equilibrium)
20 2 10 lb
y
D = =
and then
32.500 lb 32.5 lb
x
C = 0 lb
y
C =
22.500 lb 22.5 lb
x
D =
................................................................................. Ans. 32.5 lb = C
24.6 lb = D ..................................................................... Ans. 24.0
1-28
From a free body diagram of the wheel and arm BC
0:
x
F = 0
CD x
T B + =
0:
y
F = 2700 0
y
B =
0:
B
M = ( ) 150 2700 325 0
CD
T =
1246 N
x
B = 2700 N
y
B =
2970 N = B (on AB) ....................................................... Ans. 65.2
............................................. Ans. 1246.154 N 1246 N (C)
CD
T =
Then from a free-body diagram of the arm AB (and assuming that the
spring pushes perpendicularly against the arm)
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 100 1246.154 500 2700 0
S
bF + =
0:
x
F = 1246.154 sin 0
x S
A F + =
0:
y
F = 2700 cos 0
S y
F A + =

1
50
tan 11.310
250

= =

2 2
50 250 254.951 mm b = + =
.................................................... Ans. 5783.92 N 5780 N (C)
S
F =
111.827 N
x
A = 2971.60 N
y
A =
2970 N = A 87.8 .................................................................... Ans.
1-29*
First equilibrium of an overall free-body diagram gives
0:
x
F = 100 0
x
A =
0:
y
F = 200 0
y
A =
0:
A
M = ( ) 12 24 100 0
F
N =
100 lb
x
A = 200 lb
y
A =
200 lb
F
N =
224 lb = A ...............................Ans. 63.4
Then from a free-body diagram of the bar ABCD
0:
x
F = cos 45 100 0
x x BE
A C F + =
0:
y
F = sin 45 0
y E y
C F A + =
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) 18 6 cos 45 6 100 0
x BE
A F + =
400 lb
x
C = 200 lb
y
C =
565.685 lb 566 lb
BE
F = .................................. Ans. 45
447 lb = C ............................................................ Ans. 26.6
1-30 The total weight of water carried by each truss is
( )( )( )( ) 1000 9.81 0.2 3.6 2 14,126.40 N
T
W = =
By symmetry (or overall equilibrium) the support reactions at A and F are
2 7063.20 N
y T
A F W = = =
The weight of water carried by each roof panel is
( )( )( )( ) 1000 9.81 0.2 1.2 2 4708.80 N
P
W = =
and by symmetry (or equilibrium of the panel) half of this load is carried by the pins at each end of the panel
2 2354.40 N
P
B E W = = = ( ) 2 2 4708.80 N
P
C D W = = =
sin 0.8000 = cos 0.6000 =

Then, equilibrium of Pin B gives
0:
x
F = 0
BC
T =
0:
y
F = 2354.40 0
AB
T =
2354.40 N
AB
T =
Pin E:
0:
x
F = 0
DE
T =
0:
y
F = 2354.40 0
EF
T =
2354.40 N
EF
T =
Pin A:
0:
x
F = cos 0
AH AC
T T + = 3531.60 N
AH
T =
0:
y
F = ( ) 7063.20 2354.40 sin 0
AC
T + + = 5886.00 N
AC
T =
Pin H:
0:
x
F = ( ) 3531.60 0
GH
T = 3531.60 N
GH
T =
0:
y
F = 0
CH
T =
Pin C:
0:
x
F = ( ) ( ) cos 5886 cos 0 0
CD CG
T T + = 3531.60 N
CD
T =
0:
y
F = ( ) ( ) 4708.80 5886 sin 0 sin 0
CG
T = 0 N
CG
T =
Pin G:
0:
x
F = ( ) ( ) 3531.60 0 cos 0
FG
T = 3531.60 N
FG
T =
0:
y
F = ( ) 0 sin 0
DG
T + = 0 N
DG
T =
Pin D:
0:
y
F = ( ) 4708.80 0 sin 0
DF
T = 5886.00 N
DF
T =
1-30 (cont.)
The member forces are
AB: ...............................DE: ............................................................ Ans. 2350 N (C) 0 N
AC: ................................DF: .................................................... Ans. 5890 N (C) 5890 N (C)
AH: ................................DG: ............................................................ Ans. 3530 N (T) 0 N
BC: .......................................EF: .................................................... Ans. 0 N 2350 N (C)
CD: ................................FG: .................................................... Ans. 3530 N (C) 3530 N (T)
CG: .......................................GH: .................................................... Ans. 0 N 3530 N (T)
CH: ............................................................................................................................ Ans. 0 N
1-31
The equations of equilibrium for the two blocks are
0:
x
F =
2
sin cos 0 T N =

1
cos sin 0 T N + =
0:
y
F =
2
cos sin 150 0 T N + =

1
sin cos 200 0 T N + =
Adding the second and third equation together gives

1 2
sin sin 150 N N + =
while subtracting the first equation from the last equation gives

1 2
cos cos 200 N N + =
Dividing these two equations gives

( )
( )
1 2
1 2
sin
150
tan
cos 200
N N
N N

+
= =
+

36.87 =

1 2
250 lb N N + =

Now the first two equations can be rewritten

2
2
sin sin cos 0 T N =

2
1
cos sin cos 0 T N + =
and subtracting the second equation from the first gives

( ) ( )
2 2
1 2
sin cos sin cos T N N + = +
( ) ( )( )( ) 1 250 0.6000 0.8000 T =
120 lb T =
(a) .........................................
1
160 lb N =
2
90 lb N = ............................................................... Ans.
(b) ................................................................................................................................ Ans. 120 lb T =
(c) 36.87 = ............................................................................................................................... Ans.

1-32*
ABC is an equilateral triangle with a height of
950sin 60 822.724 mm h = = , and
( ) 60 9.81 588.60 N = = W k k

475 822.724
950
0.50000 0.86603
AB AB
AB AB
F
F F
+
=
= +
j k
F
j k

Moment equilibrium about C
:
C
= M 0 ( ) ( )
0.95
y z
B B + i j k
( ) ( 0.95 0.50000 0.86603
AB AB
F F + ) j j k
( ) ( ) 0.475 0.23750 0.411362 588.6 + + + = i j k k 0
has components
: x 0.82272 139.7925 0
AB
F =
: y 0.95 279.585 0
z
B =
: z 0 0.95 0
y
B =
........................................................................................ Ans. 169.915 N 169.9 N (C)
AB
F =
.................................................................................................................................. Ans. 0 N
y
B =
.................................................................................................... Ans. 294.300 N 294 N
z
B =
: x 0
x
C =
: y ( ) ( ) 0 0.5 169.915 0
y
C + =
: z ( ) 294.300 588.6 0.86603 169.915 0
z
C + + =
.................................................................................................................................. Ans. 0 N
x
C =
...................................................................................................... Ans. 84.958 N 85.0 N
y
C =
.................................................................................................... Ans. 147.15 N 147.2 N
z
C =
1-33
P = P j
Moment equilibrium about C
:
C
= M 0
( ) ( )
50
x y
D D + k i j
( ) ( 20 2.5 40 + + k i ) j
( ) ( ) 11 17.32051 10 P + + = k i j j 0
has components
: x 50 800 11 0
y
D P + + =
: y 50 0
x
D =
: z 100 17.32051 0 P + =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 5.77350 lb 5.77 lb P =
.................................................................................................................................. Ans. 0 lb
x
D =
................................................................................................. Ans. 14.7298 lb 14.73 lb
y
D =
: x 0 0
x
C + = 0 lb
x
C = ............................................ Ans.
: y 14.7298 40 5.77350 0
y
C + = 31.044 lb 31.0 lb
y
C = ............... Ans.
: z 0
z
C = 0 lb
z
C = ............................................ Ans.

1-34*
From a free-body diagram of the platform the equilibrium equations give
0:
x
F = cos cos 0
AC BD
F F =
0:
y
F = sin sin 0
AC BD
F F P + =

BD AC
F F =
2 sin
AC
P F =
Then from a free-body diagram of the screw-block A,
the equilibrium equations give
0:
x
F = 800 cos cos 0
AC AE
F F =
0:
y
F = sin sin 0
AE AC
F F =

400
cos
AE AC
F F
= =
Therefore
15 = 414.110 N
AC
F = 214 N P = .................... Ans.
30 = 461.880 N
AC
F = 462 N P = .................... Ans.
45 = 565.685 N
AC
F = 800 N P = .................... Ans.
1-35*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = 0
x
A E =
0:
y
F = 25 0
y
A =
0:
A
M = ( ) 3 25 21 0 E =
3.57143 lb
x
A E = =
25 lb
y
A =
Assume that the weight of the seat back is very small compared to
the weight of the seat. Then the center of gravity of the seat and the
center of gravity of the entire chair are the same point. A free-body
diagram of the seat gives
0:
x
F = cos 0
BD x
T C =
0:
y
F = sin 25 0
y BD
C T + =
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 25 12 sin 1 cos 0
BD BD
T T + =
in which
1
10
tan 39.806
12

= =
10.8476 lb
BD
T = 4.76188 lb
x
C = 18.0555 lb
y
C =
25.3 lb = A .......................................................................................................... Ans. 81.87
10.85 lb
BD
= T .................................................................................................... Ans. 39.81
18.67 lb = C ........................................................................................................ Ans. 75.23
1-36
0:
x
F = ( ) 500 3 750 0
x
A + + =
0:
y
F = 900 0
y
A C + =
0:
A
M = ( )( ) ( ) ( ) 4 3 500 3 4 900 3 750 0 C =
2587.50 N C =
2250 N
x
A = 1687.50 N
y
A =

Next, draw a free-body diagram of the bar ABC. Note that the forces
x
A and are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the support (the same
y
A
forces that are shown on the overall free-body diagram) and that the forces
Ax
F and are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the bar
Ay
F
ADE. The equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = 0
x x Ax
A B F + =
0:
y
F = 0
y Ay y
A F B C + =
0:
A
M = ( ) 4 2587.50 2 0
y
B =
5175.00 N
y
B = 4275.00 N
Ay
F =
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the bar ADE
0:
x
F = 750 0
Ax x
F D + + =
0:
y
F = 900 0
Ay y
F D + =
0:
D
M = ( ) 1.5 2 4275
Ax
F
( ) ( ) 2 900 1.5 750 0 =
3750 N
Ax
F =
3000 N
x
D = 5175 N
y
D =
5690 N = A ........................................................................................................... Ans. 48.7
5980 N = D ........................................................................................................... Ans. 59.9
1170 N = E ............................................................................................................ Ans. 50.2
1-37
First draw a free-body diagram of the lower jaw,
and write the equations of equilibrium
0:
x
F = 0
x
C =
0:
y
F = 0
y
D C E =
0:
D
M = 3 2
y
C E = 0
0
x
C =
1.5
y
E C =
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower handle,
the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = 0 0
x
B =
0:
y
F = 50 0
y y
C B + =
0:
B
M = ( ) 1 20 50
y
C = 0
1000 lb
y
C =
0 lb
x
B = 1050 lb
y
B =
............................................................................................................................. Ans. 1500 lb E =
1-38*
( ) 100 9.81 981 N W = =

2500 1875
cos
1200

= 58.612 =

300 150sin
tan
1875 150cos
5.466 =
There are two rollers (one on each side of the door) at B and D,
hence the and 2 on the free-body diagram 2
B
N
C
N
0:
x
F = cos 2 0
B
T N =
0:
y
F = sin 2 981 0
C
T N + =
0:
D
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 1050cos 981 150cos 2 1350sin 2 0
C B
N N =
Substituting the first two equations into the third gives
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( ) 1050cos 981 150cos 981 sin 1350sin cos 0 T T =
...................................................................................................... Ans. 403.455 N 403 N T =
................................................................................................... Ans. 200.812 N 201 N
B
N =
................................................................................................... Ans. 471.283 N 471 N
C
N =
1-39*
(a) First draw an overall free-body diagram. The force of the
ground on the track of the crane is equivalent to a single
concentrated force acting at some location on the treads. N
As the load increases, the distance gets smaller and d
smaller. The maximum load that the crane can lift
corresponds to d . Then, summing moments about 0 =
the point where the normal force acts gives
( ) ( )( 9 12, 000 12cos30 1 600 )
( )( ) 24cos30 1 1 0 W + =
..................................................... Ans. 4930 lb W =

(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the pulley at the end of the boom
0:
x
F = 3600cos10 0
x
B =
0:
y
F = 3600 3600sin10 0
y
B =
3545.3079 lb
x
B =
4225.1334 lb
y
B =
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the boom the equations of
equilibrium give
0:
x
F = ( ) 3545.3079 cos10 0
x
A T =
0:
y
F = ( ) 600 sin10 4225.1334 0
y
A T =
0:
A
M =
( ) ( )( 24 sin 20 24sin30 3545.3079 T + )
( )( ) ( )( ) 12cos30 600 24cos30 4225.1334 0 =
............................................................................................... Ans. 6275.1466 lb 6280 lb T =
(c) 9725.1209 lb
x
A = 5914.8012 lb
y
A =
11, 380 lb = A ........................................................................................................ Ans. 31.3
1-40
0:
A
M =
( ) ( )( ) 1.8cos30 0.9sin30 2 P
( )( ) 2.7sin30 0.6sin30 1 +
( )( ) 2.7sin30 1.8sin30 0.3 10 0 + + =
.......................................................... Ans. 17.99 kN P =
Next, from a free-body diagram of the bucket,
0:
x
F = 0
x EI
G T =
0:
y
F = 10 0
y
G =
0:
G
M = ( ) ( ) 1.2cos30 0.3 10 0
EI
T =
........................................ Ans. 2.88675 kN 2.89 kN (T)
EI
T =
2.88675 kN
x
G = 10.00 kN
y
G =
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the arm DEFG,
=
0:
x
F = ( ) ( ) 2.88675 2.88675 cos 0
x BF
D F + =
0:
y
F = ( ) 10 1 sin 0
y BF
D F + =
0:
D
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) 0.6cos30 2.88675 0.6sin30 1
( )( ) ( )( ) 1.2cos30 cos 1.2sin30 sin
BF BF
F F + +
( )( ) ( )( ) 1.8cos30 2.88675 1.8sin30 10 0
in which

1.8cos30 1.2cos30
tan
1.8sin30 1.2sin30

=
+
19.107 =
.....................................Ans. 10.43807 kN 10.44 kN (C)
BF
F =
9.86303 kN
x
D = 7.58627 kN
y
D =
12.44 kN = D ........................................................................................................ Ans. 37.6
10.41 kN = G ........................................................................................................ Ans. 73.9
1-41
First draw a free-body diagram of the wheel. It is stated that
the pin B is at or near the surface of the wheel. Then, the
equations of equilibrium give
0:
axle
M = 2 2 P B = 0
P B =

Next, from a free-body diagram of the platform,
0:
x
F = cos 0
DE x
F C =
0:
y
F = sin 80 0
y DE
C F + =
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) 3 cos 2 80
DE
F = 0

1
2
sin 30
4

= =
61.5840 lb
DE
F =
53.3333 lb
x
C = 49.2080 lb
y
C =

Finally, from a free-body diagram of the arm ABC,
0:
x
F = ( ) 53.3333 sin 0 0
x
A B + = =
0:
y
F = ( ) cos 49.2080 0
y
A B + =
0:
A
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) 2 4cos 49.2080 4sin 53.3333 0 B =
138.5641 lb B =
15.9487 lb
x
A = 70.7920 lb
y
A =
72.6 lb = A ............................................................................................................ Ans. 77.3
138.6 lb = B .............................................................................................................. Ans. 60
72.6 lb = C ............................................................................................................ Ans. 42.7
1-42*
The weight of the bar AB is
( ) 25 9.81 245.25 N W = =
From a free-body diagram of the bar AB,
0:
x
F = sin30 sin 45 0 A B =
0:
y
F = cos30 cos 45 0 A B W + =
0:
B
M = ( ) ( )( ) 0.5cos 1cos cos30 W A
( )( ) 1sin sin30 0 A + =

Since adding the first two equations together gives sin 45 cos 45 =
( ) sin30 cos30 A W + =
Substituting this result into the third equation gives
( ) ( ) cos30 cos sin30 sin 0.5cos sin30 cos30 A A = +

Dividing by cos A gives
( ) ( 2 cos30 sin30 tan sin30 cos30 = + )

( ) 2cos30 sin30 cos30
tan
2sin30
+
=

20.10 = ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
(Actually, this result is independent of both the length and weight of the bar.)
1-43
( ) 25 9.81 245.25 N W = =

2 2
0.65 0.95
0.65 0.95
0.56468 0.82531
CD CD
CD CD
F
F F
+
=
+
= +
j k
F
j k

Moment equilibrium about B
:
B
= M 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.2 0.6 0.5 245.25
y z
A A + + + i j k i j k
( ) ( 1.6 0.65 0.56468 0.82531
CD CD
F F + + + = i ) j j k 0
has components
: x 122.625 0.53645 0
CD
F + =
: y 1.2 147.150 1.32050 0
z C
A F + =
D
: z 1.2 0.90349 0
y C
A F + =
D
.................................................................................................. Ans. 228.586 N 229 N
CD
F =
............................................................................................ Ans. 172.104 N 172.1 N
y
A =
............................................................................................... Ans. 129.915 N 129.9 N
z
A =

: x 0
x
B =
: y ( ) ( ) 172.104 0.56468 228.586 0
y
B + + =
: z ( ) ( ) 129.915 0.82531 228.586 245.25 0
z
B + + =
.................................................................................................................................. Ans. 0 N
x
B =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 43.026 N 43.0 N
y
B =
.................................................................................................. Ans. 185.511 N 185.5 N
z
B =
1-44
From a free-body diagram of pipe A, the equations of equilibrium are
0:
x
F = sin 0
A AB
N F =
0:
y
F = ( ) cos 5 9.81 0
AB
F =
where

1
150
sin
150
b

=
Therefore

49.05
N
cos
AB
F
=
sin N
A AB
N F =
(a) for ..................Ans. 50 N
A
N < 260 mm b <
(b) for ...............Ans. 100 N
AB
F < 280 mm b <
(c) for ...............Ans. 200 N
AB
F < 295 mm b <

1-45
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium are
0:
x
F = sin cos 0
AB BD
T T =
0:
y
F = cos sin 250 0
AB BD
T T =
where

1
sin
5
b

=

( )
1
5 1 cos
sin
3

=

Therefore

cos
sin
BD
AB
T
T

=

250sin
lb
cos cos sin sin
BD

=
T

250cos
lb
cos cos sin sin
AB
T

=

(a) occurs when T goes negative
max
b
BD
(after it goes to infinity);
................................................... Ans.
max
3.90 ft b
(At this point, the rope will straight from D to B to A.)
(c) To pull further to the side, the worker needs a longer rope to pull on or he needs to attach
his rope lower - closer to the crate. .......................... Ans.
1-46
( ) 50 9.81 490.50 N W = =
The cable is continuous, therefore the tension in the cable is continuous
(equal to the force ); and from a free-body diagram of the pulley, P
0:
x
F = cos cos 0 P P =
0:
y
F = sin sin 0 P P W + =

1
tan
1.5
d

= =

2sin
W
P
=

(a) ............................. Ans. 2 P W < 387 mm d >
(b) .............................. Ans. 4 P W < 189 mm d >
(c) ................................ Ans. 8 P W < 94 mm d >

1-47

1
tan
20
AB
d

=
1
tan
10
BC
d

=

From a free-body diagram of the stop light,
0:
x
F = cos cos 0
BC BC AB AB
T T =
0:
y
F = sin sin 75 0
AB AB BC BC
T T + =

Solving yields

75cos
sin cos cos sin
BC
AB
BC AB BC AB
T

=
+

75cos
sin cos cos sin
AB
BC
BC AB BC AB
T

=
+

1-48
( ) 6800 9.81 66, 708 N W = =
From a free-body diagram of the truck,
the equilibrium equations are
0:
x
F = sin 0
x
P B =
0:
y
F = 66, 708 cos 0
y y
A B P + =
0:
B
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) 66, 708 2.4 4.4 cos 1.5
y
A P
( )( ) sin 3 0 P =
The fourth equation needed to solve for the four unknowns is either 0
y
A = (the front wheels are on the verge of
lifting off the ground) or 0.8
x y
B B = (the rear wheels are on the verge of slipping). Guessing that the front wheels
are on the verge of lifting off the ground gives the solution
0 N
y
A =

( ) 66, 708 2.4
N
1.5cos 3sin
P

=
+

sin N
x
B P =
66, 708 cos N
y
B P = +
The forces
x
B and 0.8
y
B are plotted on the same
graph as the force . Since P
x
B is always less than
0.8
y
B , the guess that the front wheels are on the verge
of lifting off the ground was the correct guess, and the
solution is valid for all values of .

............................................................................................................................. Ans. 1500 lb E =
10.85 lb
BD
= T .................................................................................................... Ans. 39.81
18.67 lb = C ........................................................................................................ Ans. 75.23

1-49
From a free-body diagram of the I-beam,
0:
D
M = ( ) ( ) 400 3 1000 7 6 0 d F + + =
0:
F
M = ( ) ( ) 6 1000 1 400 3 0 D d =

( ) 1000 1 1200
6
d
D
+
=

( ) 1000 7 1200
6
d
F
+
=

Next, from a free-body diagram of the joint D,
0:
x
F = cos 0
CD DE
T T =
0:
y
F = sin 0
CD
T D =

sin
CD
D
T
=
tan
DE
D
T
=
in which

1
1
tan 18.435
3

= =
By inspection, members CE and CF are both zero-force
members. Therefore the tension force in member BC
will be the same as the tension force in member CD and
the compression force in member EF will be the same as
the compression force in member DE,

sin
BC
D
T
= 0
CF
T =

tan
EF
D
T
=
1-50
From an overall free-body diagram of the light pole,

1
1.75
tan
b

=
1
2.75
tan
5
b

=
the moment equation of equilibrium gives
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 2 7500 2.75 cos 0
GH
T =

( ) 2 7500
2.75cos
GH
T
=
It will be assumed that the cable DG supports the end of the
arm BG and that the connection of the horizontal arm BG to the
vertical pole ABCD exerts negligible moment on the arm.
(If the connection could provide a sufficient moment, then the
cable between D and G would not be necessary.)
Then, from a free-body diagram of the pin G,
0:
x
F = sin cos 0
BG GH DG
F T T + =
0:
y
F = sin cos 0
DG GH
T T =

cos
sin
GH
DG
T
T

=

cos cos sin sin
sin
BG GH
F T

=

1-51
From an overall free-body diagram of the crane,
0:
y
F = 12, 000 600 0 N W =
0:
C
M = ( )( ) ( )( ) 9 12, 000 12cos 1 600
( ) 24cos 1 1 0 W Nd + =
( ) 12, 600 lb N W = +

( ) 108, 600 7200 24 cos
ft
12, 600
W
d
W
+
=
+

(a) For W 3600 lb =

108, 600 93, 600cos
ft
16, 200
d

=

(b) From a free-body diagram of the pulley at B,

24sin 6
tan
24cos 9

=
+

and the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = 3600cos 0
x
B =
0:
y
F = 3600 3600sin 0
y
B =
3600cos
x
B = ( ) 3600 1 sin
y
B = +
From a free-body diagram of the boom,
0:
x
F = cos 0
x x
A B T =
0:
y
F = sin 600 0
y y
A B T =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( )( ) 24sin 12cos 600 T

( ) ( ) 24sin 24cos 0
x y
B B + =

( )
( )
7200 24 cos 24 sin
24sin
y x
B B
T

+
=

cos
x x
A B T = +
sin 600
y y
A B T = + +

2 2
x y
A A A = +
Note that the tension force becomes negative for
an angle of about . Since negative forces in 66
the cable are not possible, the boom would topple
over onto the top of the cab of the crane if the
operator tried to lift higher than . 66
1-51 (cont.)
(c) For d 1 ft =

( ) 108, 600 7200 24 cos
1 ft
12, 600
W
d
W
+
= =
+

max
96, 000 7200cos
lb
1 24cos
W

=
+

1-52
( ) 250 9.81 2452.50 N W = =
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
moment equilibrium gives
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) 6 sin 60 3cos 0
BC
T W =

( )( ) 2452.50 3cos
6sin 60
BC
T

=

Since the pin at A is frictionless and the weight of the brace AC is
neglected, the brace AC is a two-force member and from a free-body
diagram of the pin C, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = ( ) ( ) cos 60 cos 60 cos 0
AC BC CD
F T T + + =
0:
y
F = ( ) ( ) sin 60 sin 60 sin 0
AC BC CD
F T T + =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
cos 60 sin sin 60 cos
sin 60 cos cos 60 sin
AC BC
F T

+
=
+ +

( ) ( ) cos 60 cos 60
cos
AC BC
CD
F T
T P

+ +
= =
in which

( )
( )
6sin 60
6sin
tan
7 6cos 7 6cos 60

+
= =
+ + +

For this arrangement, the force necessary to start P
raising the post is almost as large as the (2300 N)
weight of the post ( ) . 2450 N
1-52 (cont.)
(b) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
moment equilibrium now gives
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) 6 sin 67.5 3cos 0
BC
T W =

( )( ) 2452.50 3cos
6sin 67.5
BC
T

=

Again, since the pin at A is frictionless and the weight of the brace
AC is neglected, the brace AC is a two-force member and from a
free-body diagram of the pin C, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F =
( ) ( ) ( ) cos 45 cos 67.5 cos 22.5 0
AC BC CD
F T T + + =
0:
y
F =
( ) ( ) ( ) sin 45 sin 67.5 sin 22.5 0
AC BC CD
F T T + + =

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
sin 67.5 cos 22.5 cos 67.5 sin 22.5
sin 45 cos 22.5 cos 45 sin 22.5
AC BC
F T

=
+ + +

( ) ( )
( )
cos 45 cos 67.5
cos 22.5
AC BC
CD
F T
T

+ +
=

Finally, since the weight of the brace AD is also neglected, the brace
AD is also a two-force member and from a free-body diagram of the
pin D, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = ( ) ( ) cos 90 cos 22.5 cos 0
AD CD DE
F T T + =
0:
y
F = ( ) ( ) sin 90 sin 22.5 sin 0
AD CD DE
F T T =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
cos 22.5 sin sin 22.5 cos
cos 90 sin sin 90 cos
AD CD
F T

+
=
+

( ) ( ) cos 22.5 cos 90
cos
CD AD
DE
T F
T P

= =

Note that the force in the brace AD goes to zero at
about 75 = . For 75 90 , the solution
becomes similar to that of part a (with the angle
between the post and the brace AC rather 45
than ). 60

For this arrangement, the force necessary to start P
raising the post is about 25% less than (1700 N)
the force required using a single brace (part a).
1-53

12.5cos 2 a =
12.5sin 0.5 b = +

1
tan
b
a

=

From a free-body diagram of the truck box,
0:
x
F = cos 0
x
A C =
0:
y
F = sin 22, 000 0
y
A C + =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 8.5 22, 000cos 2.5 22, 000sin
( ) 12.5 sin 0 C =

( )
187, 000cos 55, 000sin
12.5sin
C

cos
x
A C =
22, 000 sin
y
A C =

2 2
x y
A A A = +

1-54*
0:
x
F = 75 100 50 0
AB
T + =
............................................... Ans. 25 kN 25 kN (C)
AB
T = =
0:
x
F = 100 50 0
BC
T + =
............................................... Ans. 50 kN 50 kN (T)
BC
T = + =
0:
x
F = 50 0
CD
T =
............................................... Ans. 50 kN 50 kN (C)
CD
T = =

1-55*
0:
x
F = 0 V =
0:
y
F = 90 120 0 P =
0:
cut
M = ( ) ( ) 90 5 8 120 1.5 0 M =
.................................................................................................Ans. 0 lb V =
......................................................................Ans. 30 lb 30 lb (C) P = =
.................................................................................Ans. 236 lb in. M =

1-56
Next, from a free-body diagram of the man standing on the beam,
0:
x
F = 0
x
C =
0:
y
F = ( ) ( ) 75 9.81 40 9.81 0
y
T T + +C =
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) 3 75 9.81 1.5 40 9.81 3 1.5 0 T T +

=
621.300 N T = 114.450 N
y
C =

Next, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam
between section aa and the right end of the beam. Note that
since one-fourth of the beam has been cut away, only three-
fourths of the total beam weight is included on the free-body
diagram. The equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = 0 0
a
P + =
0:
y
F = ( ) ( ) 621.3 30 9.81 114.450 0
a
V + =
0:
a
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 0.75 621.3 1.125 30 9.81 2.25 114.450 0
a
M + =

........................ ................................................................................. Ans. 0 N
a
P = 213 N
a
V =
............................................................................................................... Ans. 122.6 N m
a
M =

Finally, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the beam between
section bb and the right end of the beam. This time three-fourths of the
beam has been cut away and only one-fourth of the total beam weight is
included on the free-body diagram. The equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = 0 0
b
P + =
0:
y
F = ( ) 10 9.81 114.450 0
b
V =
0:
b
M = ( ) ( ) 0.375 10 9.81 0.75 114.450 0
b
M =

........................ .................................................................................... Ans. 0 N
b
P = 213 N
b
V =
................................................................................................................ Ans. 122.6 N m
b
M =

1-57*
From an overall free-body diagram of the bracket,
0:
x
F = cos 45 0
x
A B + =
0:
y
F = sin 45 500 0
y
A B + =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 5 500 15 cos 45 15 sin 45 0 B B =
117.85113 lb B =
83.3333 lb
x
A = 416.6667 lb
y
A =

Next, draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the bracket between
section aa and pin A. The equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = 83.3333 0 V =
0:
y
F = 416.6667 0 P + =
0:
a
M = ( ) 8 83.3333 0 M =
.................................................. Ans. 417 lb 417 lb (C) P = =
............................................................................ Ans. 83.3 lb V =
.................................................................... Ans. 667 lb in. M =
1-58
From a free-body diagram of the lower half of the clamp,
0:
x
F = 0 V =
0:
y
F = 2000 0 P =
0:
cut
M = ( ) 0.075 2000 0 M + =
.................................................................... Ans. 2000 N (T) P =
.................................................................................. Ans. 0 N V =
............................................................... Ans. 150.0 N m M =
1-59*
Draw free-body diagrams of the sections of the tower between
the points of interest and the top. For each section, the vertical
component of the equation of equilibrium gives
0:
y
F = ( ) 2000 3 1500cos30 0
A
P W =
( ) 40 50 2000 lb W = =
.................................................... Ans. 7900 lb
A
P =

0:
y
F = ( ) ( ) 2000 3 1500cos30 3 1250cos 40 0
B
P W =
( ) 40 150 6000 lb W = =
.....................................................................................Ans. 14, 770 lb
B
P =

0:
y
F = ( ) 2000 3 1500cos30
C
P W
( ) ( 3 1250cos 40 3 1000cos50 0 ) =
)
=
( ) 40 250 10, 000 lb W = =
............................................ Ans. 20, 700 lb
C
P =
0:
y
F = ( ) 2000 3 1500cos30
D
P W
( ) ( 3 1250cos 40 3 1000cos50
( ) 3 750cos 60 0
( ) 40 350 14, 000 lb W = =
....................................................................................Ans. 25, 800 lb
D
P =

1-60*
The weights of the two cylinders are the same
( ) 50 9.81 490.5 N W = =
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper cylinder,
0:
x
F = Z
2
sin 27 0 N W =
0:
y
F = ^
1
cos 27 0 N W =

1
437.0387 N N =

2
222.6823 N N =
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower cylinder, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = Z
4 2
sin 27 0 N N W =
0:
y
F = ^
3
cos 27 0 N W =

3
437.0387 N N =
4
445.3647 N N =
Next, from a free-body diagram of the rack,
0:
x
F = ( )
4 1 3
cos 27 sin 27 sin 27 0
x
A N N N B + + =
= 0:
y
F = ( )
4 1 3
sin 27 cos 27 cos 27 0
y
A N N N B + +
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 120 445.3647 320 437.0387
( ) 120 437.0387 580 0 B + =
239.4022 N B =
902.3320 N
x
A = 767.6911 N
y
A =
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the upper portion of the rack (between section a and the roller support B),
0:
x
F = Z 0 P =
0:
y
F = ^
1
0 B V N =
0:
cut
M =
1
0.360 0.100 0 B M N =
...............................................................................Ans. 0 N P =
....................................................................Ans. 197.6 N V =
.................................................................Ans. 42.5 N m M =
1-61
From a free-body diagram of the lower portion of
the crutch (between section a and the bottom B),
0:
x
F = Z 35sin 25 0 V =
0:
y
F = ^ 35cos 25 0 P + =
0:
cut
M = ( ) 2 35sin 25 0 M =
............................................Ans. 31.7 lb 31.7 lb (C) P = =
.......................................................................Ans. 14.79 lb V =
..................................................................Ans. 29.6 lb ft M =
1-62
From a free-body diagram of the wheel, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
B
M = ( ) 325 150 2700 0
CD
F =
1246 N
CD
F =
Since CD is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is
the same
........................................................................ Ans. 1246 N (C) P =
and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
...................................................................................... Ans. 0 N V =
.............................................................................. Ans. 0 N m M =
1-63
From a free-body diagram of the handle, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
F
M = ( ) 30 1000 8 0
DE
F =
3750 lb
DE
F =
Since DE is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is
the same
................................................................... Ans. 3750 lb (C) P =
and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
.................................................................................................Ans. 0 lb V =
..........................................................................................Ans. 0 lb ft M =
1-64*
First draw an overall free-body diagram of the shaft
and sum moments about the bearing B
:
C
= M 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 800 250 5 800 250 30 + + j i k j i k
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2000 250 30 2000 250 5 + + + j k i j k i
( ) ( ) 2800
x z
B B + + = j i k 0
The x-, y-, and z-components of this equation give
: x 4000 24, 000 2800 0
z
B + =
: y 1250 7500 7500 1250 0 + =
: z 60, 000 10, 000 2800 0
x
B + + =
25.00 kN
x
B = 10.00 kN
z
B =
Next draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the shaft between the
bearing B and the section at A and write the equations of equilibrium
0:
x
F = 30 5 25 0
x
V + + =
0:
y
F = 0
y
P =
0:
z
F = 10 0
z
V + =
.......................................................................... Ans. 10 kN
x
V =
.............................................................................. Ans. 0 kN
y
P =
.......................................................................... Ans. 10 kN
z
V =
:
cut
= M 0

( ) ( ) ( ) 0.4 0.25 30
x y z
M T M + + + + i j k j k i
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 0.4 0.25 5 1.2 25 10 + + + = j k i j i k 0
The x-, y-, and z-components of this equation give
: x 12 0
x
M = 12 kN m
x
M = ................................. Ans.
: y 7.5 1.25 0
y
T + = 6.25 kN m
y
T = ............................ Ans.
: z 30 12 2 0
z
M + + = 16 kN m
z
M = ................................. Ans.
1-65*
First draw a free-body diagram of the blocks,
0:
x
F = 0
C A
N N =
0:
y
F = 30 0
C A
F F + =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 8 30 16 0
C
F =

C A
N N = 15 lb
C A
F F = =

Next, from a free-body diagram of the left handle,
0:
x
F = 0
x C
B N =
0:
y
F = ( ) 30 15 0
y
B =
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) 4 30 4 15 4 0
C
N + =
45 lb
C
N =
45 lb
x
B = 15 lb
y
B =
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower section of the left handle,
0:
x
F = 45 0 P =
0:
y
F = 15 0 V =
0:
cut
M = ( ) 4 45 0 M =
........................................................................................Ans. 45 lb P =
......................................................................................................Ans. 15 lb V =
...........................................................................................Ans. 180 lb in. M =
1-66
( ) 360 9.81 3531.60 N W = =
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,
0:
x
F = cos 0
x BD
A F + =
0:
y
F = sin 0
y BD
A F W + =
0:
A
M = ( ) ( ) 1430 sin 2700cos16 0
BD
F W =

900 1430sin16
tan
1430cos16 890
h
b
+
= =

69.471 = 16 53.471 = =
7976.730 N
BD
F =
2797.2911 N
x
A = 3938.5663 N
y
A =
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,
0:
x
F = Z cos16 sin16 0
x y
P A A =
0:
y
F = ^ sin16 cos16 0
x y
V A A + =
0:
cut
M = ( ) ( ) 0.530sin16 0.530cos16 0
x y
M A + A =
.................................................................... Ans. 3770 N P =
.................................................................................................Ans. 3010 N V =
.......................................................................................Ans. 1598 N m M =
1-67
From a free-body diagram of the pipe the moment equilibrium equation
:
cut
= M 0

( ) ( ) ( ) 7 18 10 50
x y z
M T M + + + + + = i j k i j k k 0
has x-, y-, and z-components
: x .............. Ans. 900 0
x
M = 900 lb in.
x
M =
: y ................ Ans. 350 0
y
T = 350 lb in.
y
T =
: z .................. Ans. 0
z
M = 0 lb in.
z
M =
and the force equilibrium equation has components
0:
x
F = 0
x
V = 0 lb
x
V = ................................................................................. Ans.
0:
y
F = 0
y
P = 0 lb
y
P = ................................................................................. Ans.
0:
z
F = 50 0
z
V = 50 lb
z
V = .............................................................................. Ans.
1-68*
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,
0:
x
F = 0
x
A =
0:
y
F = 3 0
y BD
A F + =
0:
A
M = ( ) 200 400 3 0
BD
F =
6 N
BD
F =
0 N
x
A = 3 N
y
A =
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,
0:
x
F = Z ( ) 3 sin 0 P =
0:
y
F = ^ ( ) 3 cos 0 V =
0:
cut
M = ( )( ) 0.1 3 0 M =
in which

1
120
tan 30.964
200

= =
Then
................................................................. Ans. 1.543 kN P =
................................................................................................Ans. 2.57 kN V =
..........................................................................................Ans. 0.3 kN m M =
1-69
From a free-body diagram of a part of the hook,

0:
x
F = Z 10cos 0 V =
0:
y
F = ^ 10sin 0 P =
0:
cut
M = ( ) 10 10sin 0 M =
10sin kip P = .................................... Ans.
10cos kip V = ................................... Ans.
100sin kip in. M = ...................... Ans.

1-70
From a free-body diagram of the top handle
0:
A
M = ( ) ( 93 100 38 sin C )
( )( ) 35 cos 0 d C + =

( )
9300
38sin 35 cos
C
d
=

Note that tan 40 d = ; therefore 40tan d = and

9300 9300
38sin 35cos 40sin 78sin 35cos
C

= =
+

0:
x
F = cos 0
x
C A = cos
x
A C =
0:
y
F = sin 100 0
y
C A = sin 1000
y
A C =
Next, from a free-body diagram of the part of the top handle
to the right of section aa the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = [ cos sin 0
x y
P A A + + =
0:
y
F = ^ sin cos 0
x y
V A A + =
0:
cut
M = ( ) 18tan 18 0
x y
A M = A
..................... Ans.
(
cos sin N
x y
P A A =
)
........................ Ans.
(
cos sin N
y x
V A A =
)
......... Ans. ( ) 18tan 18 N mm
x y
M A A =

1-71
(a) From a free-body diagram of the complete beam,
0:
A
M = ( )( ) 20 2.5 4000 0
B
R x + =
0:
y
F = 4000 0
A B
R R + =
( ) ( ) 200 2.5 200 500 lb
B
R x x = + = +
( ) 3500 200 lb
A
R x =
Load, shear force, and bending moment diagrams are as shown.
The moment under the left wheel is

( )
2
3500 200 lb ft
C A
M xR x x = =
and the moment under the right wheel is
( ) ( )( ) 15 15 200 500 lb ft
D B
M x R x x = = +
These moments are graphed below. Notice that the maximum
moment occurs under the right wheel when 0 7.5 m x
(and the right wheel is closer to the center of the beam) and
under the right wheel when (and the left 7.5 15 x m
wheel is closer to the center of the beam).
(b) The graph of maximum moment is also shown below.

1-72
( ) 250 9.81 2452.50 N W = =
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
0:
x
F = ( ) cos 60 0
x BC
A T =
0:
y
F = ( ) sin 60 0
y BC
A T W + =
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) 6 sin 60 3cos 0
BC
T W =

( )( ) 2452.50 3cos
N
6sin 60
BC
T

=

( ) cos 60 N
x BC
A T =

( ) 2452.50 sin 60 N
y BC
A T =

Next, draw a free-body diagram of the lower portion of ABC.
The weight of this portion is proportional to its length
( )
2452.50
408.75 N
6
b
Wb b
W b
L
= = =
Then the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = Z cos sin sin 0
x y b
P A A W + + =
0:
y
F = ^ sin cos cos 0
x y b
V A A W + =
0:
cut
M = ( ) 2 cos
b
M W b +

( ) ( ) sin cos 0
x y
A b A b + =
.............Ans. ( ) ( )
2
cos sin 204.375 cos N m
y x
M A b A b b =

.....Ans.
( )
408.75 sin cos N
y x
P b A A

=

.....Ans.
( )
408.75 cos sin N
y x
V b A A

= +

1-73*
From a free-body diagram of the collar, the equations of equilibrium give
0:
x
F = cos 20 sin30 0
BC
T N =
0:
y
F = cos30 sin 20 900 0
BC
N T =
700 lb T = ..............................................................................Ans. 20
1316 lb
BC
N = ........................................................................Ans. 60

1-74*
( ) 500 9.81 4905 N W = =
First draw a free-body diagram of joint A, and write the equations of equilibrium
0:
x
F = cos30 0
AC AB
T T + =
0:
y
F = sin30 0
AB
T W =
............................................................Ans. 9810 N 9.81 kN (T)
AB
T = =
................................................Ans. 8495.709 N 8.50 kN (C)
BC
T =

Next, from a free-body diagram of joint C,
0:
x
F = cos 60 cos 45 0
AC BC CD
T T T + + =
0:
y
F = sin 60 sin 45 0
BC CD
T T =
................................................Ans. 6219.291 N 6.22 kN (C)
BC
T = =
................................................Ans. 7617.044 N 7.62 kN (C)
CD
T =
1-75
From a free-body diagram of the motor and support,
0:
x
F = 21 1 0
x
A =
0:
y
F = 25 0
y
A B + =
0:
D
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 12 8 25 10.5 21 5.5 1 0 B + + =
............................. Ans. 2.16667 lb 2.17 lb B =
22 lb
x
A = 27.16667 lb
y
A =
35.0 lb = A ............................................ Ans. 51.0
1-76*
( ) 135 9.81 1324.50 N W = =

1
220 75
cos 48.769
220

= =
First draw a free-body diagram of the cylinder. When the cylinder just starts
to rotate about the step, the normal force becomes zero. Then moment N
equilibrium gives
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) 220 sin 20 220 cos 20 0 W P + + =

...................................................................................Ans. 3410 N P =
1-77
(a) From a free-body diagram of the entire beam,
0:
y
F = ( ) 3000 500 6 0
A B
R R + =
0:
B
M =
( ) ( ) ( ) 500 6 3 3000 12 1800 18 0
A
R + +

=
............................................................................................................ Ans. 2600 lb
A
R =
............................................................................................................. Ans. 3400 lb
B
R =

(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the left end of the beam,
0:
y
F = ( ) 2600 3000 0 V =
0:
cut
M = ( ) ( )( ) 1800 3000 4 2600 10 0 M + + =
............................................................ Ans. 400 lb V =
.................................................. Ans. 12, 200 lb ft M =
1-78
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper jaw. The resultant of the
distributed load is a 300 force acting through the centroid of the N
distributed load. The equations of equilibrium give
0:
D
M = ( ) 225 300 100 0
C
F =
0:
C
M = ( ) 125 300 100 0
D
F =
........................................................ Ans. 675 N
C
F =
........................................................ Ans. 375 N
D
F =
1-79*
(a) First, from a free-body diagram of the entire frame,
0:
x
F = 400 0
x
D =
0:
y
F = 1000 0
y
A D + =
0:
D
M = ( ) ( ) 8 400 2 1000 10 0 A + =
520 lb A =
400 lb
x
D = 480 lb
y
D =
Next, from a free-body diagram of bar ABCD,
0:
x
F = ( ) 400 cos 0
x CE
B F + =
0:
y
F = ( ) 520 sin 480 0
y CE
B F + + =
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) ( ) 8 480 2 520 6 sin 0
CE
F =

sin 4 5 = cos 3 5 =
583.333 lb
CE
F =
750 lb
x
B = 533.333 lb
y
B =
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower end of bar BEF,
0:
x
F = Z 750cos 533.333sin 0
a
P + + =
0:
y
F = ^ 750sin 533.333cos 0
a
V + =
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) 2.5 750sin 2.5 533.333cos 0
a
M + =
................................................Ans. 876.667 lb 877 lb (C)
a
P =
....................................................................................Ans. 280 lb
a
V =
..........................................................................Ans. 700 lb ft
a
M =

(b) Finally, from a free-body diagram of the left end of bar ABCD,
0:
x
F = Z 750 0
b
P =
0:
y
F = ^ 520 533.333 0
b
V + =
0:
B
M = ( ) ( ) 3 533.333 5 520 0
b
M + =
.............................................................................Ans. 750 lb (T)
b
P =
.................................................................................Ans. 13.33 lb
b
V =
...........................................................................Ans. 1000 lb ft
b
M =
1-80
Next, from a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
0:
x
F = 0
x
B =
0:
y
F = 5 0
y
B D =
0:
B
M = ( ) 70 5 40 0 D =
....................................................................... Ans. 8.75 N = D
0 N
x
B = 13.75 N
y
B =
............................................. Ans. 13.75 N (on the pin) = B

1-81*

Draw a free-body diagram of the shaft.
The moment equation of equilibrium
:
A
= M 0
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 18 14 32 200
x y z
B B B P + + + + j i j k i j j k
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 12 6 500 12 6 150 + + + = j k i j k i 0
has components
: x 18 32 0
z
B P = 266.667 lb 267 lb
z
B = .............. Ans.
: y 14 3000 900 0 P + = 150 lb P = .......................................... Ans.
: z 18 2800 6000 1800 0
x
B + = 277.778 lb 278 lb
x
B = ............ Ans.

: x ( ) 277.778 500 150 0
x
A + = 928 lb
x
A = ........................................ Ans.
: y 200 0
y
B + = 200 lb
y
B = ..................................... Ans.
: z ( ) ( ) 266.667 150 0
z
A + = 116.7 lb
z
A = .................................. Ans.
1-82*
( )
1
300 9.81 2943 N W = =
( )
2
100 9.81 981 N W = =
( )
3
200 9.81 1962 N W = =
( ) 500 9.81 4905 N
P
W = =
Draw a free-body diagram of the platform.
The moment equation of equilibrium
:
O
= M 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2943 2 981 + + + i j k i j k
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 3 1962
B
T + + + + i j k i j k
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 4 1.5 2 4905
C
T + + + + = i j k i j k 0
has components
: x 2943 981 5886 4 9810 0
B C
T T + + =
: y 2943 1962 3 1962 7357.5 0
B C
T T + + + =
.................................................................................. Ans. 3388.909 N 3390 N
B
T =
.................................................................................. Ans. 4057.773 N 4060 N
C
T =
and the z-component of the force equilibrium equation gives
: z ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3388.909 4057.773 2943 981 1962 4905 0
A
T + + =
.................................................................................. Ans. 3344.318 N 3340 N
A
T =
1-83
From a free-body diagram of the upper half of the clamp,
0:
x
F = 0 V =
0:
y
F = 300 0 P =
0:
cut
M = ( ) 3 300 0 M =
...................................................................... Ans. 300 lb (T) P =
.................................................................................. Ans. 0 lb V =
...................................................................... Ans. 900 lb ft M =
1-84
( ) 100 9.81 981 N T W = = =
( ) 50 9.81 490.50 N
P
W = =
First draw a free-body diagram of the arm AB and the pulley.
The moment equation of equilibrium gives
0:
A
M =
( ) ( ) ( ) 1500 300 981 350 981 650 490.5 0
y
B =
637.650 N
y
B =

Next, from a free-body diagram of the bar BC,
0:
x
F = ( ) 981 0
x x
C B + =
0:
y
F = ( ) 637.5 0
y
C =
0:
C
M = ( ) ( ) 600 300 981 300 637.650 0
x
B =
809.325 N
x
B =
171.675 N
x
C = 637.650 N
y
C =

Finally, from a free-body diagram of the right end of bar AB,
0:
x
F = ( ) 809.325 0 P =
0:
y
F = ( ) 637.650 0 V =
0:
B
M = ( ) 300 637.650 0 M =
..................................................................................................... Ans. 809 N 809 N (C) P = =
............................................................................................................................... Ans. 638 N V =
..................................................................................................................... Ans. 191.3 N m M =

Chapter 1

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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

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