Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ON
UBUNTU-LINUX
(As Customized by Hon'ble e-Committee, Supreme Court of India)
FOR
JUDICIARY
PREPARED BY
HIGH COURT OF AP
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Table of Contents
BASIC OPERATING SYSTEM CONCEPTS.................................................................7
What is a Computer ?.......................................................................................7
What makes a Computer System ?...................................................................7
What is Software ?............................................................................................7
Why Linux ?......................................................................................................9
UNDERSTANDING THE UBUNTU MENU DESIGN...................................................10
Applications & Places Menu Design................................................................10
DESKTOP................................................................................................................11
UNITY DESKTOP ....................................................................................................12
APPLICATION MENU...............................................................................................13
LAUNCHER.............................................................................................................13
DASH .....................................................................................................................14
Lenses at the bottom in the Dash (Filters) :..................................................14
Shortcuts of Dash :.........................................................................................14
Work Spaces :.................................................................................................15
Switching between work spaces :..........................................................................15
Managing Windows :.......................................................................................15
Moving and resizing Windows :......................................................................15
BROWSING FILES..................................................................................................16
THE UNITY DESKTOP .............................................................................................18
Launcher ........................................................................................................19
Understanding Dash ......................................................................................20
Ubuntu Unity Desktop Environment Tips...............................................................22
Applications of Ubuntu...........................................................................................25
Clip Board Manager
..................................................................................25
The Stardict talking dictionary ......................................................................25
To use Text to Speech (TTS) feature...............................................................26
Recording voice using Sound Recorder..........................................................27
To take a Screen Shot.....................................................................................27
To Force Quit (force kill) an errant/misbehaving application...........................28
Ubuntu-Linux video tutorials and user guide material....................................29
Recoll Desktop Search
..............................................................................30
Clipboard Manager
...................................................................................30
StarDict Scan .................................................................................................30
IPMessenger (IPTUX).......................................................................................31
Pdf Chain .......................................................................................................31
Pdf to text generation.....................................................................................32
Photo Management using F-Spot / Shotwell ..................................................32
Multimedia applications..................................................................................33
Gedit text editor ............................................................................................33
Using right click open with:..........................................................................33
Startup Applications:......................................................................................34
Ubuntu Software Centre:................................................................................34
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Tool bars:.................................................................................................85
Events: ...................................................................................................85
Options: ..................................................................................................85
Load/Save: .....................................................................................................85
Language Settings:.................................................................................86
Extension Manager:........................................................................................87
Read Selection................................................................................................87
Networking Concepts.............................................................................................87
FIREFOX WEB-BROWSER TIPS & TECHNIQUES.......................................................89
GOOGLE SEARCH TIPS & TECHNIQUES..................................................................92
Manupatra User Guide...........................................................................................95
GETTING STARTED...................................................................................95
LOGGING ON....................................................................................95
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING PASSWORD......................95
MY HOME PAGE.......................................................................................95
SEARCH METHODS..................................................................................97
Selection of Database......................................................................97
Field Search.....................................................................................97
Search Tips .....................................................................................97
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What is Software ?
A Software is a collection of Computer Programmes.
What is Operating System ?
Operating System is the Software which works as an interface between the
Computer and the User
Eg: Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Unix etc.
What is an Application Software ?
Application Software is the Computer Software which helps the user to accomplish
specific tasks
Eg: Word processors, Spreadsheet Programs, Media Players, Database
Applications etc.
Open Source Software Concepts
A Source Code is the program code exactly as it is written by the programmer; the
raw code that is not compiled and is editable is source code. (Compilation is the
process of finalising a code for execution).
Any one who access to Source Code can make his own additions, deletions, or
changes and develop his own version of Software with modified or added futures.
This is possible only when the Source Code of the Software is made freely
available and that is what the Open Source idea is all about.
Free Software and Open Source Software
Free Software is already compiled and ready to use Software.
Open Source Software means the Source Code is available to whoever wishes to
build around it and make fully functional Software.
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Free Software need not be open. Open Source Software can be paid Software in
which the Source Code made available to the buyer.
The ideology of free and open Source Software is not to provide an Operating
System free of costs but to give Users the freedom to learn in depth how an
Operating System works and allow them to change Operating System to their
liking.
General Public Licence (GPL)
Richard Stall man, the founder of the GNU designed a set of rights that all Users
are entitled to and they have been documented in the GNU as General Public
Licence (GPL).
The GPL is set of terms and conditions that distributors of Open Source Software
have to adhere to in order to be GPL certified.
It ensures that any one can modify a GPL certified program at will and use.
If the modified code has to be given to Public distribution, than the modified code
has to be given to all the Program Users. This is the Core Element of Open
Source.
Linux Operating System
The concept of the Operating System came about during the 1950s and 1960s.
There was no Generic Operating System in those days.
Operating Systems would be written specifically for each machine or purpose
Eg : FORTRAN MONITOR SYSTEM, GENERAL MOTORS OPERATING SYSTEM, HONEY
WELL EXECUTIVE SYSTEM ETC.
The Scientist from Bell Labs developed UNIX Operating System in the year 1969.
Linus Torvalds was born in the same year.
Microsoft introduced MS DOS in the year 1981 and Windows 1.0 in the year
1983.
Linus Torvalds developed Linux Operating System in the year 1991 while he was
studying at the University of Helsinki and the first version was completed in the
year 1994.
The Mascot of Linux is Penguin called Tux.
As of now there all around 350 distributions of Linux Operating System.
Linux is an Operating System. The strict definition of Linux is only the Kernel.
An overall package that is ready to install and use is called a Distribution
(popularly known as Distro).
Some of the Popular Linux Distributions
Ubuntu
Red Hat
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Mint
Fedora
Suse Linux
Knoppix
Debian
Why Linux ?
Linux Operating System is flexible and more secured.
Linux
Copyrighted
---
Open Source
Costly
---
Free
Wide Spread
---
Still Spreading
Less Secure
---
Very Secure
Very Stable
Ubuntu-Linux
Ubuntu was conceived in the year 2004 by Mr. Mark Shuttle worth a South African
entrepreneur.
His company's name is Canonical.
Ubuntu means Humanity towards others.
Ubuntu is a Linux based Operating System.
Linux Kernel is almost brain of the Ubuntu Operating System.
Ubuntu is community based and it is developed, written and maintained by the
community.
For the majority of every day computing tasks, you will find suitable alternative
applications available in Ubuntu.
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October, 2004. The first number represents the year last two numbers represents
the month of a year.
Ubuntu places along side these numbers names of animals to infuse life into each
release. The 12.04 version is named as Precise Pangolin.
The version installed in the Laptops of the Judicial Officers is e-Committee
customised Ubuntu-Linux 12.04-LTS.
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Folder is a location for storing files. A folder may contain many more sub folders.
Title Bar
:
It contains title of file.
Window default buttons : Minimize, Maximize, close
Menu Bar :
Contains file menu and edit menu
Bar contains command such as file, edit, view, go, book marks, help, etc.
Tool Bar
:
For fast accessing of menus
Bar containing Tools such as formatting tools, table tools, etc. Standard tool bar
and Formatting tool bar
Toggle Buttons :
Commands operated with one click on and with one click off
Eg : Bold, Italic, underline buttons
Command Buttons
:
Eg : OK, Close, Cancel, etc.
Radio Buttons
:
Round circles
To select an option. If one option is selected, other option will be de-selected.
Combo Box
:
Displays options
Displays multiple options.
Check Box:
Selecting an option-enable : Un selecting an option-disable
Text Box :
Ability to type text
Scroll Bar :
Scroll bar used to scroll page
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DESKTOP
There are many similarities between Ubuntu and other Operating Systems like
Windows or Mac.
All based on the concept of Graphical User Interface (GUI). We use mouse to
navigate the Desktop, Open applications, move files and other tasks.
The Desktop environment is the look and feel of your system and the way the
Desktop is laid out.
The Desktop environment in Ubuntu is known as UNITY.
Number of Desktop environment are available in Ubuntu
GNOME
GNOME CLASSIC
GNOME CLASSIC (NO EFFECTS)
KDE PLASMA WORKSPACE
UBUNTU
UBUNTU 2D
UNITY DESKTOP
Initial view :
(1) Desktop back ground
(2) Two bars :
(1) Horizontal bar at the top of the Desktop (Menu bar)
(2) Vertical bar at the far left of the Desktop (Launcher)
Below the Menu bar :
Image that covers entire Desktop is called as Desktop
back ground or wall paper.
Menu bar (Indicator bar) : Incorporates common functions used in Ubuntu
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APPLICATION MENU
Every application has a Menu System where different actions can be executed
Eg :
LAUNCHER
Provides easy access to applications, mounted devices and the thrash.
All running applications on your System will place an icon in the Launcher while
application is running.
The first icon in the Launcher is Dash
A major innovation and core element of UNITY is Dash.
Running Applications from Launcher
Click on the application in the Launcher
Triangle-Left side of application-indicates running application
Triangle-Right side of application-indicates application is in the foreground
Adding and removing applications from the Launcher
Add :
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Lock to Launcher
Remove :
DASH
Dash is a tool to help access and find applications and files on your Computer
quickly (A more advanced start Menu)
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1) Home lens
2) Application lens
3) Files and Folders lens
4) Music lens
5) Video lens
These lenses will filter the scope of the search for relevant applications files and
folders.
Shortcuts of Dash
Click Super Key (Key with Windows Symbol) in the Key board
Super Key + A
Open applications
Super Key + V
Super Key + M
Super Key + F
Work Spaces
Navigation keys
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3) Super Key + W
Navigation of Windows
Managing Windows :
Window is the box that appears on your screen. Window in Ubuntu is similar to
Window in Microsoft Windows
Title bar
Top part
:
-
Click and drag the Window continuing to hold down the left mouse button
Resize
1) Alt + tab
2) Click on the corresponding icon on the Launcher
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Window (don't maximize left click on the window title bar and select Windows
always on the top or visible work space)
BROWSING FILES
1) Dash
2) Files and Folders in the Launcher.
3) Home Folder
Right click
Documents, downloads, Music, PDF, Pictures, Read Me, Ubuntu One and Videos
Home Folder store your personal files
Opening files
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(2) Ctrl + H
Copying and moving files and folders
1) Right click on folder or file select copy option Again right click on empty
space select paste option.
2) Home folder - edit copy
3) Ctrl + C (copy)
4) Ctrl + V (paste)
5) Ctrl + X (cut)
Opening New Window
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The right side of top bar contains indicators starting from left to right Regional
language key board , clipboard , keyboard settings, message indicator, power
indicator, blue tooth settings indicator, network indicator ,sound settings
indicator, time and date indicator and system settings indicator. The names of
indicators itself describes it's function and we can see the options by clicking on
them.
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Launcher
The next important feature is launcher.
We can call the launcher as a start menu, which shows the running
applications and status of the applications and external hard disk, USB
devise attached to system etc. We can launch an application by clicking the
icon of the application. We can manage the position of the applications on
the launcher by changing their current position from top to bottom or
bottom to top depending upon our priorities by holding it for some time and
we can move the application icon from top to bottom or bottom to top
wherever you want(Within Launcher). To add an application to launcher we
have to right click on the application when it is running and you will get a
pop up like as shown on right side and simply choosing
the option lock to launcher we can lock the application to
launcher or simply by dragging the application in to the
launcher and dropping it we can lock the application to
launcher. Similarly when we right click on the icon of
application that appeared in launcher a dialog box will
pop up as shown,beside and simply by choosing unlock
we
can
remove
that
application
from
launcher.
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appeared for fire fox in the launcher above. If we click on it, it will open all the
running files of the said application and will open as shown bellow with work
space switcher and we can chose whichever file or folder we need.
You may wonder that closing ,minimizing and reducing size of window menu is not
appearing in the ubuntu 12.04, but the same is running behind. If you move
cursor to left top corner of desktop you will get the
said menu through which we can close, minimize
and reduce the window size.
Understanding Dash
Earlier we used to search our system through system, places and application
menu for files ,folders and applications. Now the said menus are united and
placed in an application to search the system i.e., dash which can be found on the
top of launcher with ubuntu logo. We can run the said application simply by
pressing super key(key with windows logo situated on the left side of left Alt
key. simply pressing super key the application will run and a window will pop
up as below.
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By default it will open home folder and display recent applications, files and
documents, While searching through dash search tool, we can search by using
lenses that are provided on the bottom panel of dash tool , which is situated
below the dash tool, application- window. simply clicking on the icons we can run
those lenses.
By using these lenses we can get filtered results. There are four lenses i.e.
application lens, files and folder lens, music lens and video lens. The short cuts for
running the said lenses are, super key +A for applications, super key +F for
files and folders, super key+ M for music and super key +V for videos. When we
use lenses, it will open window with option of search on left and filter results on
right top corner.
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By clicking on white triangle situated on the right side of filter results will pop up
with a menu showing type of folders size of file or folders, which will enable the
search files and folders speedily by choosing the specifications of files and folders
for which we are searching. When we use application lens it will display recently
used applications, installed applications and available applications for download. It
also displays with options as accessibility, accessories, customization, developer,
education fonts, games, graphics, Internet, media, office, science and engineering
and system. So we can choose our options. The dash tool will starts the search,
when we start typing a word.
After a computer is started and logged in, the very first screen on the monitor is
called desktop. Desktop environment is the systematic arrangement of various
applications, files and folders on the desktop.
There are various environments in ubuntu operating system viz., unity, gnome,
KDE etc.
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According to the convenience, one can choose any of these environments to work
on the
computer.
The basic and unique feature of unity desktop is dash home. Dash home in ubuntu
But through dash home this search is made more easy. It works as a free style
search
engine within your computer.
Simply type in what you remember of the name of the file or folder and the
Dash
will show results it finds as you type
If you just type 'ab', it spreads all the applications, files and folders which
contain such letters in their names immediately on the desktop
Even if you do not specifically know the exact name of the application, you can
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Applications of Ubuntu
Clip Board Manager
Most of us spend a lot of time copying and pasting text while working in a
word processor.
clip board manager is a handy tool used to enhance the copy and paste
functionality of the operating system by saving copied data for long time storage.
It is a good tool for copying text and related matter from one window to
another. whenever you use commands like copy, paste or taking screen shots the
said data would be stored in a location known as clipboard.
It allows you to accept your clip board history upto 100 older entries.
It also supports images. for example take a screen shot of your desktop and
copy it to the clip board. you can paste the image in word document.
Once you clipboard it is filed with many of the items. you can select any
items by first clicking the items and you simply paste it into the document.
Clip
board
manager
icon
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as per the categories of parts of speech. Apart from this tree like result, other
multiple dictionaries are also visible including the Thesaurus.
After typing a word, press Enter to listen to its pronunciation.
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Dash
Clipboard Manager
In Ubuntu this is referred as Clip It. This function is useful whenever
multiple
items
are
copied.
Select
necessary
place
textsclip
in
the
board
text
document.
An important feature in this application is that it can remember the
clips attached to it even if the system is shut down and opened.
That means history can be stored and we can also specify the
number of items that needs to be managed (remembered). Once
the text is selected and copied it does not matter whether the file
was saved or not. The copied text or phrase just remains in the Clip
Board Manager.
StarDict Scan
This is an amazing dictionary application.
Click the icon on
displayed
with
synonyms
with
strings
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2.
IPMessenger (IPTUX)
This
is
Local
Area
Network
(LAN)
communication.
1. Dashtype iptuxclick
2. This feature works only when there is internet connectivity. By
using this application files can be shared among the connected
users by using IP address.
3. Once connected it automatically detects other users/clients who
can send and receive files among from the group.
Pdf Chain
This is a very helpful feature that can be used in using pdf files. With
this tool we can merge or split the files. Any number of pdf files can be
merged into a single pdf file. Not only files but different pages in pdf
format available in a file can also be merged with even number or
odd number pages. Further the text can be rotated either clock-wise
or anti-clockwise. Pages can be separated by using burst option. By
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using this option some selected pages which are confidential can be
excluded while sharing with others.
Pdf to text generation
In general we use text documents. Each document consists of an
extension name such as .doc, .pdf, .odt etc.
document
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For example: A 'word document' will be opened with Libre Office Writer
application.
How to select the required application:
1. Select the file, picture, photo, music, etc., to be opened
2. right click the mouse panel A dialogue box will be opened with a list
of several options including the option Open with other application
3. Click the said option Choose the required application to open the
selected file, picture, etc.
4. This option of Open with Other application is available in File in
Menu Bar.
Startup Applications:
In this application, there will be a list of applications already installed and
available for installation in the system or laptop.
For example: Clip Board Manager, Login Sound, Perfect clock Screenshot
are some applications already installed.
Through this application, we can add new applications and remove the
existing and unwanted applications. We can also edit the applications.
How to go to it
1. Go to Dash Home by using 'super key'
2. Type startup applications
3. click on the icon startup applications
4. A dialogue box will be opened containing the list of applications
already installed and available for installation.
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Some costs
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development etc.
How to Find:
Go to Dash home
Double-click on it.
GNOME-CLASSIC:
Applications
System Tools
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that the other users will be unable to read, write or execute their files.
7. Since the super user is the root user he can access all the files and directories of the users
even if the permissions are not there.
8. A super user has also the ability to change the permission for the user.
How to Find:
Right-click on any file/folder
Click on Properties
Click on Permissions
Why to use:
1. Every file created at a particular point of time will have some hash value. If the said file is
transferred to another, while so, there is a possibility of meddling it by a third person
[hackers etc.,].
2. In such cases when the third person makes any slight modification in the content of the file
the hash value for that file will be changed resembling that it is not the original file that the
person has sent.
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3. So with the help of this software we would be able to detect if any modifications are done
to the file at the time of transferring.
Where to Find:
Right-click on the File\Folder
Click on Script
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There are two data recovery tools in our Ubuntu linux version : PhotoRec
and Foremost.
Out of these two Photo Rec is fast and gives segregated files and foremost
recovers all the files as a whole.
PhotoRec
You need to be ROOT to run PhotoRec. For that you need to log out and
type root and the root password is linux.
To recover files from hard disk, USB key, Smart Card, CD-ROM, DVD, etc
we can use this data recovery tool.
The following are the steps for using this tool:
Run PhotoRec from dash home
Disk selection
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Available media are listed. If we insert a pen drive it will also be displayed.
Use up/down arrow keys to select the disk that holds the lost files. Press
Enter to proceed.
Source partition selection
We can select whole disk also or we can select a particular media like the pen
drive ( the name will be displayed). Press enter.
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Once a partition has been selected and validated with Search, PhotoRec needs
to know how the data blocks are allocated. Unless it is an ext2/ext3/ext4 fileb
system, choose Other. Normally we choose Other. Then press enter. Now
the following screen appears:
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PhotoRec can search files from the whole partition (useful if the file system
is corrupted) or
from the unallocated space only (available for ext2/ext3/ext4,
FAT12/FAT16/FAT32 and NTFS). With this option only deleted files are
recovered.
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We select free if the data in the media was not modified or not accessed for
some days.
We select whole if the data in the media was modified and it was again
mounted after a month or so.
NOTE: only when the data is not overwritten the data recovery would be
effective
Select where recovered files should be written
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Choose the directory where the recovered files should be written. To get the
drive list use the arrow keys to select .., press the Enter key - repeat until you
can select the drive of your choice. Validate with Yes when you get the
expected destination.
File system from external disk may be available in a /media, /mnt or
/run/media sub-directory.
Partitions from external disk are usually mounted in /Volumes. Recovery is
completed
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open the Dash search for Brasero Disc Burner open Brasero
There are five burning options. You need to Create a new project. There
are 3 types of projects available: Audio Project, Data Project, and Video
Project. Make your selection based on your requirements.
8.
If you want to add a folder click 'Folder', then enter the name
of the folder.
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window, make sure that you have selected the disc where you want to
burn the files. Then click 'Burn'.
12.
13.
down. To burn your project directly to the disc, select the 'Burn the
image directly without saving it to disc' option.
Erasing the data from a disk:
If you are using a disc that has RW written on it and you have used it
before, then you can erase it so that it can be reused.
This will erase all of the data currently on the disc.
To erase a disc, open the Tools menu, then select Blank.
The Disc Blanking window will be open. In the 'Select a disc' drop
down choose the disc that you would like to erase.
Once the disc is erased, you will see the disc was successfully blanked.
Click 'Close' to finish.
Disc copy:
1. You can copy a disc by clicking
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Burn image:
To burn an image, click
Project New Project Burn Image.
Navigate your way to the image you wish to burn, click on it, and then
click Open. In 'Select a disc to write to' menu, click on the disc to
which youd like to write, then click 'Create Image'.
Paragraph Spacing
If the user wants to put the spacing between the paragraphs, he has
to select those two paragraphs and set the space. The last line of the above
paragraph and the first line of the next paragraph has to be selected and
then go to Format Paragraph Indents & Spacing. In indents & spacing
tab we have to select the spacing i.e. the spacing above the paragraph and
below the paragraph.
(This option can also be invoked from right click of the mouse panel
Paragraph.)
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Page Breaks
In many documents (for example, a multi-page report), you may want
the text to flow from one
page
to
the
next
as
you
add
or
delete
Left/Right/Center Justify
The tool for formatting the alignment of the text is so important. There
are four types
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When using justified text, the last line is by default aligned to the left;
however, if so
desired, you can also align the last line to the center of the
words in order to fill the whole line. If you select the Expand single word
option, then whenever the last line of a justified paragraph
single word, this word is stretched by inserting spaces
consists
of
between
bar.
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position is replaced by the text you type. The current mode is displayed on
the Status Bar. The shape of the cursor does not change.
With the keyboard, press Insert to toggle between overwrite mode and
insert mode. With the mouse, click in the area on the Status Bar that
indicates the current mode in order to switch to the other mode.
to
10)
apply
the
same
numbering
(or
bullet).
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Down a level
Shift+Tab
Up a level
the
Numbering Style dialog box, go to the Outline page, where you will find that
one style matches our requirements. Click once on that style.
To
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make the indentation at each level greater or less than the default, change
it on the
Position page. Select the level, then make any changes in the
indentation, spacing, or
numbering alignment.
Note :With outline numbering you can define different bullet styles for
the different levels
of a bullet list. Use the Bullets tab of the Bullets and Numbering dialog
box (not
shown) to select the basic style. Return to the Options tab to customize
the bullet
for each indent level. Here you can set bullets to any character. See the
Graphics
tab for more bullets.
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Saving a Document: Save (Ctrl S), Save As, Saving with Password, File Type
Password protection
Writer provides two levels of document protection: read-protect (file
cannot be viewed without a
1) Use File > Save As when saving the document. (You can also use File >
Save the first
time you save a new document.)
2) On the Save As dialog box, select the Save with password option, and
then click Save.
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Edit Undo;
Edit Redo
Hyperlink,
Background.
Here in Font tab the font properties can be set out. In Font Effects tab the
effects can be set for the fonts i.e. word.
In Position tab the position of font can be set out like normal, Super
Script, Sub-Script, etc. The rotation/scaling spacing also can be set in
this tab.
In Hyperlink tab the word or a letter can be attributed with a Hyperlink to
a document or a web page.
In background tab the back ground color can be set out.
Note :The same window can be popped up from right-click context menu
select 'Character'
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Paragraph Formatting:
From this command we can manage the indents & spacing, alignment,
text flow, outline numbering, tabs, drop cabs and borders. There are various
options for each of the tab which can be used basing on the specific
requirement.
This option can be invoked in two ways as follows.
Format Paragraph (Indents & Spacing, Alignment,
Text Flow, Outline & Numbering, Tabs, Borders)
Right Click Paragraph.
Export as PDF:
Unlike other office suits, the libre office provides us a very useful tool
which directly allow us to export a word document into PDF document.
We can set out the options for exporting as PDF document.
This can be done as follows:
File Export as PDF
Export as PDF button from the tool bar(Quick PDF)
Page Numbering:
If we want to put the page numbers this option can be invoked. Generally
we will be inserting the page number in the Header or footer. So first we
have to insert the header or footer and then with in it we have to insert the
page number.
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Generally the backup file will not be created in the system but if we select
the option, then the system will create a backup copy. The option can be
checked from the following path.
Format Paragraph Indents & Spacing, Alignment,
Text Flow, Outline & Numbering, Tabs, Borders OR Right Click
Paragraph.
The backup file will be saved in the system once we select this option.
The Path of Backup Copy can be viewed from the following link: Tools
Options
OpenOffice.org Paths Backups)
Miscellaneous:
Viewing/Checking Non printing Characters button from the tool bar
When ever we copy some text from the Internet or from any other source,
then generally we observe that there will be lot of gaps in the text which
will be creating obstacles in formatting that paragraph. We will not be in a
position to identify where the gaps are. In this situation the non-printing
character will be a very useful tool for us which will show us the gaps with
in the paragraph. Once we press the button of non-printing character we
will be able to see the symbols which shows us the gaps using which we
can format the paragraph easily.
The Non-printing characters can be seen by clicking on the icon from the
standard
tool
bar.
The
non-printing
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pressing the Ctrl button and using the scroll from the mouse panel. By
holding the Ctrl button if we scroll down, the screen will be zoomed in and if
we scroll up the screen will be zoomed out.
Font Colour and Background Colour (Highlighting) from Toolbar
The font color and background can be controlled from the format
character. The same can also be controlled from the tool item in the stand
tool bar on the top.
tool bar
This tool is also useful for applying paragraph styles: When drafting a
document, the most used style is the paragraph style. LibreOffice offers two
quick alternatives to the Styles and Formatting window to apply this
category of style: the Apply Style list and the Format Paintbrush icon.
Using the Apply Style list: When a paragraph style is in use in a
document, the style name appears on the Apply Style list near the left end
of the formatting bar, to the right of the Styles and Formatting icon.
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cursor in a word with other than the default character style or that
character style will be copied and pasted to the selected word in the new
paragraph too.
To format a single paragraph:
3.1.
Click
the
Format
3.2.
Paintbrush icon
ink bottle.
Now click the paragraph to which you want to apply the copied style.
3.3.
once more.
4.
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Creating a table
Before you insert a table into a document, it helps to have an idea of the
visual result you want to obtain as well as an estimate of the number of
rows and columns required. Every parameter can
be changed at a later
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dialog box:
From the main menu, choose Insert Table.
From the main menu, choose Table Insert Table.
Press Ctrl+F12.
From the Standard toolbar, click the
Table icon
In the Table dialog box, you can specify the properties for the new table.
Under Name, you can enter a different name from the Libre Office generated default for the table.
This might come in handy when using the Navigator to quickly jump to a
table.
Under Size, specify the initial number of columns and rows for the new
table. You can change the size of the table later, if necessary.
Under
Options,
set up the
initial
table
characteristics. Selecting the options in this section of the
dialog box
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choices, click OK. Writer creates a table as wide as the text area (from the
left
page margin to the right page margin), with all columns the same
width and all rows the same height. You can then adjust the columns and
rows later to suit your needs.
while hyphens and tabs are used to indicate the width of a column.
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In the Separate text at part of the dialog box, select from the three
fixed symbols, or the user
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dialog box are the same as those in the dialog box used to insert a table
shown in above figure
Example
In this example we will convert the following text into a table.
Row 1 Column 1; Row 1 Column 2; Row 1 Column 3
Row 2 Column 1; Row 2 Column 2; Row 2 Column 3
In this case, the separator between elements is a semicolon. By selecting
the text and applying the conversion, we obtain the following result.
Row 1 Column 1
Row 1 Column 2
Row 1 Column 3
Row 2 Column 1
Row 2 Column 2
Row 2 Column 3
Note that, unlike when creating a table with other mechanisms, the
conversion from text to table preserves the paragraph style and character
style applied to the original text.
You can also use the Convert menu to perform the opposite operation;
that is, to transform a table into plain text. This may be useful when you
want to export the table contents into a different program.
To transform a table into text, place the cursor anywhere in the table,
choose Table
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to the new position. This operation only changes the size of the first or last
column; it does not change the alignment of the table on the page.
If you need more precise control over the size and position of the table
on the page, open the Table Format dialog box by choosing Table Table
Properties or by right-clicking anywhere in the table
from the pop-up menu. Select the Table page of the dialog box.
On this
page you
can
set
the
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Deleting a table
To delete a table:
1) Click anywhere in the table.
2) Choose Table Delete Table from the main menu.
Or:
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1) Select from the end of the paragraph before the table to the start of the
paragraph after the table.
2.
and
make one file. The above mentioned options can be utilized with
the help of below mentioned navigation and tips.
i. To compare two different version of a file, go to Document.
Edit Compare
ii. To begin/end tracking (recording) changes, choose Edit Changes
Record.
iii. To show or hide the display of changes, click Edit Changes Show.
iv. To accept or reject recorded changes, either Right-click (context) menu
(choose Accept Change or Reject Change) or use Accept or Reject
Changes dialog box (Edit Changes Accept or Reject).
v.
copy then click Edit Changes Merge Document and select and insert
another copy of the document to be merged with the first.
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Convert table
a) Convert text to table.
b) Convert table to text.
1. Converting between table and text
2. Writer makes it easy for you to convert from a table to text (that
is, replace a table with its data) or vice versa.
3. To convert plain text data into a table, select the data and then
select Table > Convert > Text to Table from the main menu bar.
4. The Convert Text to Table dialog box allows you to create a table.
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10.
Auto Text
Auto text is useful in our day to day works on desktop on bench and even
while preparing the documents.
For fixed proforma like hostile witnesses, medical witnesses, motor vehicle
inspector depositions, ex-parte evidence depositions, calendars and for many
such depositions we can create a proforma and for quick and easy access use
auto text.
The following are the steps for using auto text:Open LibreOffice Writer.
Type the entire text.
Select the text which we want to insert into auto text.
Example:- Type the entire deposition of a hostile witness starting from the
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nomenclature of the court till the seal of the court at the end of deposition
with all corrections.
Then go to edit auto text (short cut is Ctrl.+F3)
On the auto text dialog box chose a place where you want to save the
auto text, for example my auto text.
Click the auto text button and click new and precaution is that never
click new (text only).
Then give a name to the text which you selected. For example if we
select a hostile witness text then we can give the name as hostile.
Then select a short cut for the text. Examples:- for hostile witness we
can have short cut as h, for Motor vehicle Inspector deposition as
MVI. For Investigating Officer deposition as IO.
Then click close button in the auto text dialog box.
Then if we want the auto text to appear on the LibreOffice Writer, at the
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cursor portion, type the short cut and press F3. 8. Now you can get the
auto text which you can edit by making additions or deletions
depending on the case. For example: Type h and press F3 to get a
hostile witness deposition.
NOTE:- In initial days we need to remember the short cuts to get the auto
text. We can also edit the auto text from edit option. Only sky is the limit for
our thoughts in the auto text.
FOR SMALL SHORT CUTS
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Galleries
To format the title page in the Menu Bar Go to Format- in the sub menu
Go to Title page and click it. You will find a dialogue box with
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You will also find other options in the dialogue box and you can use
them according to your requirement.
Bookmarks
To
activate
this option, In the menu bar go to INSERT and in the sub menu
click Bookmark.
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You can select Font effects like font colour, font effects like lower case and
upper case and capitals, small capitals and title.
You can select font relief for the fonts like embossed or engraved.
You can select font effects like out line, shadow blinking for the fonts.
You can hide some text also and send it to others and if the other person
wants to know whether there is any hidden text, he has to select the entire
text and go to font effects tab and there if he finds hidden button applied,
then there is hidden text.
Font effects like over linking, strike through and under lining of the
text with colour and with different styles can be made.
The changes can be seen in the box below in the dialogue box.
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Character Position.
1. If you want to type super script or subscript in the text you can
use this tab. By default the button will be in normal position.
2. The distance of the super script and subscript can be adjusted
by raising and lowering.
3. Text can be rotated and scaled by using rotation buttons.
4. Space between letter can be expanded or condensed by using
spacing buttons.
Character Hyperlink.
1. If you prepare a document and in that document if you mention
something and if you want the reader to go to another
document also you can give hyperlink.
2. Click browse and select the document in the URL.
3. If the reader puts the mouse at the hyperlinked portion, it will
ask the reader to click Ctrl+click and it will open the other
document.
4. We can put websites also as hyperlink.
Character Background.
3. You can apply colour on the back ground of the text by using this
tab. This is useful for highlighting text in a document.
FORMAT PARAGRAPH.
In this sub menu you can format the paragraph by applying indents
and spacing, alignment, text flow, outline numbering, tabs, drop caps
and borders.
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Indents and spacing:1. Spacing can be given before and after text in the paragraph by
mentioning the required measurement.
2. Space can be adjusted by mentioning the measurement in the
first line of the paragraph.
3. If you click automatic the measurement will be as 0.
4. Space can be applied before or after each paragraph by giving
measurements.
5. Line Spacing:- space in between each line can be applied with
different
6) b) Format Paragraph Alignment:7) If you select different options in this tab the alignment will be
applied for the paragraph.
8) If you select justified you can adjust the last line of each
paragraph as left, center or right can be applied.
9) If you want to expand the single word in the last line of the
paragraph you should select expand single word.
10)
Text to Text:-
11)
more than the rest of the paragraph you can select the position
from which the rest of the text should be I.e from the text where
font size is more :- High light the text with more font size apply
options in the text to text alignment OK.
Format paragraph text flow.
1. This option will be used for hyphenation in text documents.
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Customization:
Just go to Tools and click on Customize....,
you find a window. You see: 1) Menus, 2) keyboards, 3) tool bars and 4) events.
You can customize any one of these.
Menus:
1. Select the menu and sub menu that you want to edit.
2. Opens the New Menu dialog where you can enter the name of a new menu as
well as select the location for the menu.
3. Opens a sub menu with additional commands.
4. Then click Move. Opens the Move Menu dialog where you can specify the
location of the selected menu.
5. Then select Rename. Opens a dialog where you can change the name of the
selected menu.
6. Enter the name for the selected menu. You see a new menu in the menu bar
and you can customize commands to it.
Keyboard:
1. For this, you click on keyboard,
2. go to shortcut keys,
3. then select Control+1,
4. go to category,
5. select format,
6. then select Function and select Line spacing 1,
7. then click modify.
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Tool bars:
1. In general you view standard toolbar under the Menu Bar.
2. You can also customize it.
3. For this, you just click toolbars, select standard in Toolbar option,
4. then go to Commands and click on the option you wish.
5. It appears/disappears on the standard toolbar.
Events:
Click Macro button.
1. In the Library list box, scroll down and open the "LibreOffice Macros" entry.
2. You see entries for "LibreOffice Macros", "My Macros", and the current
document. Open any one of them to see the supported scripting languages.
3. Open any scripting language entry to see the available scripts.
4. Select any script. A list of the script functions will appear in the Assigned Action
list box.
5. Select any function. Select to save in LibreOffice or current document.
6. This sets the scope of the new event assignment to be applicable in all of
LibreOffice or only in documents of the current module.
7. Select an event from the list and click OK.
Options:
to configure certain options in libreoffice writer, you can just do it by entering into
tools in menu bar and then options.
Load/Save:
1. If you want to have a backup copy, you just click on Left arrow of Load/Save.
2. You see, General, VBA Properties, Microsoft Office and HTML Compatibility.
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3. Now, click on General and you see the Load and Save options.
4. If you want to have backup copy, just enable always create backup copy.
5. If you want to save the data automatically, you can simply enable Save Auto
Recovery information every and you reduce the time at your choice, for
example, to the minimum time of 1 minute.
6. To see the backup copy, you click on left arrow of Libre Office, select paths,
then, you find /home/ubuntu/.config/libreoffice/3/user/backup.
7. Then, go to Home, go to view, click on Show Hidden Files.
8. You see number of folders. Then open .config folder, then LibreOffice folder,
then 3 folder, then User folder and then backup folder.
9. You find backup copy in .bak. format with the same file name.
10.
11.You just rename .bak as .odt and then open it. You find the back up.
Language Settings:
1. Sometimes you may not find Auto Spell Check in your Libre Office Writer.
2. For that, you just click on left arrow of Language Settings,
3. then, click on Languages.
4. You see the User Interface Language as English (USA) as default language.
5. Then you select locale setting English (India).
6. Then default currency INR English (India).
7. Then, for Western, select ABC English (USA) and just click OK.
8. So, that, you configure the language settings including local languages.
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Extension Manager:
1. It provides a way to install applications like add-ons in the web browsers.
2. We can download some applications and install them.
3. To configure it, go to Tools in toolbar and select extension manager.
4. You find an application in the name of Read Text 0.7.28.
5. You can also observe the icon relating to the application in toolbar.
Read Selection
1. Select some text and click on the icon of Read selection.
2. It reads the text. Similar applications, you can download and install in the
extension manager.
Networking Concepts
We can connect the system with Internet through three modes. They are:
1. Wired Connection
2. Wireless Connection
3. Mobile Broadband
The icon on the top is the indicator for networking. The icon appears as shown
here.
This icon will be available on the top most panel on the screen. Once
we click on this icon we can notice the available wired and wireless networks of
which we have to pick one with which we want to connect. Here one has to verify
whether the wifi button on the top of keyboard on the laptop is turned on. If the
wifi button is turned off we can not see the wireless networks available. As soon
as we turn on the wifi button, the wireless networks available with in the range
will appear in the icon once we click it.
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If we have moblile broadband (Data Card), insert it in the USB port available in the
laptop. Once we insert the data card in the USB port, we will notice the data card
related modem device on the list of available networks in the networks icon. If we
click on that network it will ask for configuration. This is one time activity. We have
to configure it with the user name and password. Once we configure, next time
when ever we put the data card in the USB port it will show the network in the
networking icon and once we click on that, it will connect to the Internet.
Once we connect the system to the Internet through one of the above mentioned
methods, the icon will change to one of the forms as shown here.
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2. To view the web page as fullscreen: Go to View Full Screen (or use F11).
4. Zoom in and Zoom Out: 'Ctrl' & '+' and 'Ctrl' & '-' OR Ctrl + Scroll
5. Using Tabs in browser: Ctrl + T, Ctrl + F4, Ctrl + Tab, Edit Preferences
Tabs.
9. To view the files downloaded using the web browser: Tools Downloads
10. Switching between Offline and Online Mode: File Work Offline
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14. Bookmark a site: In Mozilla, from Bookmarks Bookmark this Page (or Ctrl
+ D). These
(a) To add extra specific utilities to the web browser, go to Tools Add-ons
(b) Print Edit Add-on Utility: To selectively print the content of a webpage.
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1.
Phrase search (""): By putting double quotes around a set of words, you
are telling Google to consider the exact words in that exact order without
any change e.g. searching for exact phrase of [ "culpable homicide not
amounting to murder" ]
4. Search a specific type of file (filetype:): For example, the query [india
filetype:pdf] will return pdf pages containing the information about India
available over various websites
5. Terms you want to exclude (-): Attaching a minus sign immediately before
a word indicates that you do not want pages that contain this word to
appear in your results. The minus sign should appear immediately before
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6. Fill in the blanks (*): If you include * within a query, it tells Google to try to
treat the star as a placeholder for any unknown term(s) and then find the
best matches.
8. The AND Operator: To get the results wherein all the words separated with AND are
present.
10. Fine Tuning Google Search Results with Google Search Left/Top Pane
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GETTING STARTED
LOGGING ON
Go to www.manupatra.com and click Enter
Enter your Sign In and Password and click on Go
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS REGARDING PASSWORD
We request you to keep your password Confidential and not share it with anyone.
Sharing of password violates clause no 3.5 of Terms and Conditions.
Passwords are compulsorily required to be changed by the user every 60 days.
In case you face any issue regarding password change, kindly contact at
support@manupatra.com.
MY HOME PAGE
The landing page is the subscribers Personalized Home Page.
Click on the My Home icon to come back to this home page at any time
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The Left Frame contains the Table of Content [TOC], which lists the Databases.
Headings may be collapsed or expanded individually by clicking on the + and - icons.
The main text/document appears in the Right Frame.
Show TOC / Hide TOC: Toggle button displays or hides the Table of Content [TOC]
Show TOC displays the table of content.
Hide TOC collapses the table of content. To have more space for reading the
document hide the TOC.
Manu Search - Word and phrase search interface provides flexibility of Simple,
Boolean and Proximity Search.
Legal Search - Field Search interface allows you to search for Judgments on
Appellant /Respondent/ Judge Name ; Date of decision ;Subject, Citation; Act & Section
and search in case note
Act Search Allows you to search in Bare Acts database only
Results Shows you the list of last search results. If once you click on any search
interface the last search results cannot be viewed.
Doc Takes you to the last document viewed
Search History Shows the list of last 20 searches done by you. Select from the list
and view the search results without typing your query again.
Session List is valid only for the duration of current session. Add documents to session
list for further action of Email, Print and Save. Once you sign off the session list ceases
to exist.
My Saved Docs View the saved documents. Can be saved in different folders.
Password security can be enabled on selective folders.
My Notepad Create notes for different documents and add to your list for future
viewing
Sign Off - To sign off from site always use the Sign Off button.
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SEARCH METHODS
Selection of Database
By default the search is done on 'All docs'.
If you wish to restrict your search to any database/s , check the box next to
relevant database/s.
'All docs' button cannot be unchecked. But if you select a database/s the search
will be done on selected database/s.
Matches the words in your search with the words contained in the database.
It does not search for exact matches only. If you check the 'Synonym' box, it
automatically searches for synonyms or alternate spellings
Does not search for very common words (eg. of, to, the).
Is not case sensitive. (It searches for either upper case or lower-case letters.)
Every search box supports terms and connectors functionality.
For AND and OR select from the drop down menu. If you enter words without
using connectors or selecting And Or, Manupatra will try and look for documents
that match all the words and will display them and if none is found, it will look for
documents that match any of the keywords. This is 'Auto' default option.
Field Search
The case laws In Manupatra are divided into fields. Each field contains a specific type of
information (e.g., Appellant/Respondent name, Judges name, Equivalent Citation,
Subject, Sub Subject). You may restrict a search to one or more fields. Adding a field
restriction to your search is useful when searching for specific cases by name, and for
searching for documents from a specific year, judge or court.
Search Tips
Following tips can be used for the search:
Identify the issue or subject to be researched.
Choose words that might appear in the documents you wish to retrieve.
Check the synonym box to ensure that words with similar meanings are also
picked up
You may do a search in 'All docs' or select a database(s) where you would like to
search.
Search Type
Description
Example
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Normal
Query
board of directors
voting rights
Phrase
Query
agreement in
writing
ANDing /
ORing
Negative
Keyword
(Exclusion)
Punctuation
Spell
Checking
Wildcards
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child custody
-divorce
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"corporate tax
law"/5
Ordered
Proximity
(Operator
@)
Contextual
Search
Para
Contextual
Search
Sentence
"corporate tax
law"/s
Contextual
Search Quote
"corporate tax
law"/q
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THANK YOU
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