Y3 Science

Revision question
Test 2:2
B1.20 Effect of drugs
B1.22 The damage caused by smoking
B1.23 The effects of alcohol
B1.24 Ethics and transplants
C1.16 Ores
C1.18 Oxidation and reduction
C1.20 Properties of metals
C1.21 Alloys
P1.27 Transmitting electricity
P1.28 Paying for electricity
P1.30 Reducing energy use
P1.32 Efficiency

Q1.
Drugs
In the USA, 2.7 million people admitted using illegal drugs.
The pie chart shows the percentage of these people using different illegal drugs.

(a) (i) Calculate the number of people who admitted using marijuana illegally.
(2)

answer = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . million people

(ii) Suggest one reason why the information in the pie chart may not be reliable.
(1)
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Marijuana is often smoked with tobacco.
Suggest why combining tobacco with marijuana makes it more difficult to give up smoking
marijuana.
(2)
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(i) Which of these drugs is a stimulant?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
A
B
C
D

alcohol
caffeine
LSD
morphine

(ii) Explain how stimulants affect reaction times.

(2)
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Q2.
Smoking tobacco is the cause of 9 out of 10 cases of lung cancer.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The active compound in cigarette smoke that causes lung cancer is
(1)
A carbon dioxide
B carbon monoxide
C nicotine
D tar
(ii) One part of cigarette smoke acts on receptor sites in the brain.
Explain why it can be very difficult to give up smoking.
(2)
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Q3.
(a) The graph shows the percentage risk of developing lung cancer for 75-year-old men who
gave up smoking tobacco at an earlier age.

(i) Describe the trend shown in the graph.

(1)
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(ii) State the percentage risk of lung cancer for a man who gave up smoking at 50 years of
age.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .%
(iii) For a population of 500 000 men, how many would be likely to develop lung cancer if they
stopped smoking at
the age of 50?
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .men
(b) (i) Explain why smoking tobacco increases the risk of developing lung cancer.
(2)
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(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
Smoking tobacco reduces the oxygen carrying ability of the blood because it contains
(1)
A carbon monoxide
B carbon particles
C nicotine
D tar
(c) A chemical in tobacco acts as a stimulant.
Explain how stimulants affect neurotransmission.
(3)
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(Total for Question = 10 marks)
Q4.
Some modern spectacle frames are made of shape memory alloys.

Explain why shape memory alloys are better than other alloys for making spectacle frames.
(2)
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Q5.
The diagrams show the structure of a pure metal and an alloy it forms with another metal.

Use these diagrams to help you explain why alloying increases the strength of the pure metal.
(3)
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Q6.
Aluminium and iron are both extracted from their oxides.
(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
Iron is extracted from its oxide by heating the oxide with carbon.
In this process the iron oxide is
(1)
A thermally decomposed
B oxidised
C neutralised
D reduced
(ii) Aluminium cannot be extracted from its oxide by heating the oxide with carbon.
Electrolysis must be used.
Explain why electrolysis must be used to extract aluminium from its oxide.
(2)
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Q7.
Metallic substances have many uses.
Which row of the table shows a metallic substance with its use and the property that enables the
metal to be used in this way?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
metallic
substance

%%%
A

aluminium

B
C
D

copper
gold
steel

use
overhead electrical
cables
coins
jewellery
artificial knee joints

property
high density
high melting point
corrodes
strong

Q8.
Describe how iron is extracted from its ore.
(2)
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Q9.
Metals have many uses.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (

) in the box next to your answer.

Aluminium and magnesium are melted together to form magnalium.

Magnalium is
(1)
A
B
C
D

an element
an ore
an alloy
a type of steel

Q10.
Gold is used to make some jewellery.
(a) Explain why gold is used to make jewellery.
(2)
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(b) Complete the sentence by putting a cross (
) in the box next to your answer.
The purity of gold can be measured in carats.
Pure gold is
(1)
A 9 carat
B 18 carat
C 24 carat
D 100 carat
(c) Gold can be alloyed with other metals to produce alloys that have a higher strength than pure
gold.
Explain why gold alloys are stronger than gold.
(3)
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*(d) Iron and aluminium occur in the Earth's crust as their oxides.
Different methods are used to extract iron and aluminium from their oxides.
Explain, in terms of the position of the metal in the reactivity series and the cost of the extraction
processes,
why iron and aluminium are extracted by different methods.

(6)
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(Total for Question is 12 marks)
Q11.
This is part of the reactivity series of metals.
most reactive

magnesium

aluminium
zinc
iron
copper
silver
least reactive
gold
(a) Iron is extracted by the reduction of iron oxide.
In the extraction process, iron oxide is reduced by heating it with carbon.
(i) The extraction process involves both reduction and oxidation reactions.
State what is oxidised in this process.
(1)
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(ii) Aluminium is extracted from its oxide by electrolysis.
Explain why iron can be extracted from iron oxide by heating it with carbon but electrolysis has to
be
used to extract aluminium from its oxide.
(2)
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(b) The photograph shows a mask discovered in Colombia.
It is made from a gold and copper alloy.

The diagrams show the structure of pure gold and of the alloy containing a few atoms of
copper.

Explain how the presence of copper atoms results in an alloy with a higher strength than
pure gold.
(3)
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*(c) Metals have specific uses based on their properties.
The table shows some properties of four metals.
electrical
resistance
cost of 1 kg density
relative
metal
to
/
/ g cm-3
strength
conductivit
corrosion
y
aluminium
1
2.70
high
good
good
copper
5
8.92
high
good
very good
gold
33000
19.3
low
excellent
excellent
silver
620
10.5
low
very good
excellent
Use the data in the table to explain some uses of each of these metals in relation to their
individual properties.
(6)
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(Total for Question is 12 marks)
Q12.
Copper oxide reacts with hydrogen to form copper and water.
The equation for the reaction is
CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
Explain how this reaction involves both oxidation and reduction.
(3)
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Q13.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross (

) in the box next to your answer.

Alloys are usually stronger than the pure metals from which they are made because they
(1)
A
B
C
D

have stronger bonds between the molecules they contain

combine the properties of the metals from which they are made
have atoms of different sizes in their structures
are made using electrolysis

Q14.
Generating electricity
The photographs show two different methods of generating electricity.
Photograph A shows a wind-powered generator on the roof of a house.
Photograph B shows the inside of an oil-fired power station which is connected to the National
Grid.

(a) The table shows some information about the wind-powered generator.
cost (including installation)
2500
electrical energy produced in one year
900 kWh
Electricity from the National Grid costs 15 p per kWh.
Calculate the payback time for the wind-powered generator.
(3)
payback time = .............................................................................. years
(b) Transformers are used on a small scale in the home and on a large scale in the National Grid.
(i) The transformer for an electric toothbrush charger steps down the mains voltage to 9.0 V.
The mains voltage is 230 V.
The transformer has 690 turns on its primary coil.
Calculate the number of turns on the secondary coil.
(3)
number of turns = ..............................................................................
*(ii) The National Grid transmits electricity around the country.
Explain how using transformers makes the transmission of electrical energy more efficient.
(6)
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Q15.
A small notebook computer has a power rating of 40 W.
The computer is connected to the mains supply through a step-down transformer.
The mains supply is a.c.
The step-down transformer has:
2400 turns on the primary coil
200 turns on the secondary coil
a primary voltage of 230 V.
Calculate the voltage output of the
secondary coil.
(3)

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Q16.
* The diagram shows how electricity produced at a power station is transmitted to distant houses.

Transformers R and S are not 100% efficient.

By using transformers, energy losses in the transmission lines are reduced.
Explain how this reduction is achieved, even though some energy is wasted in the transformers
themselves.
(6)
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Q17.
A transformer is 100% efficient.
It has 200 turns on the primary coil and 3000 turns on the secondary coil. The input voltage is 55
V.
(i) Show that the output voltage is about 800 V.
(3)
(ii) Calculate the current in the secondary coil when the current in the primary coil is 0.50 A.
(2)
current in secondary coil =............................... A

Answer
1(a)(i)

(a)(ii)

(b)

(c)(i)
(c)(ii)

Acceptable
answers
give full marks for
correct answer, no
working Accept
1,512,000 (2
marks)

substitution (1)
2700000/100 or
27,000 evaluation
(1)
27000 56 =
1.512 (million
people) / 1.5
not every person
was questioned /
not all people
questioned would
give a correct
answer /be honest /
people may have
taken more than
one type of drug /
reference to date
so may not be
relevant
Any two of the
following points
tobacco
contains nicotine
(1)
is addictive (1)
it acts on
receptor sites in
the brain to make
you crave more of
the same drug (1)
B caffeine
An explanation
speed up
linking the following neurotransmission
points
(2)
stimulants
reduce reaction
times/increase the

Mark

(2)

(1)

(2)
(1)

(2)

2(i)
(ii)

3(a)(i)

(a)(ii)
(a)(iii)

(b)(i)

speed of reactions /
speed up reaction
times (1)
by increasing
neurotransmission
(1)
acts at the
synapse (1)
D
An explanation
makes you crave
linking the following it
points nicotine
(1) addictive /
causes you to want
more (1) as the
receptor sites in the
brain become more
used to the nicotine
it has less effect /
increased amounts
are needed for the
same effect (1)
the later that a
person gives up
smoking/the longer
ORA
you smoke for the
higher risk of lung
cancer
9 (%)
2 marks for the
correct bald answer
if value other than 9
= 45 000 (1)
(2 14) inserted
into correct
equation ecf
applies if
calculation is
correct
An explanation
linking two of the
following:
tobacco
contains tar (1)
tobacco/tar
contains
carcinogens /
causes mutations
/is cancer forming
(1)
nicotine in
tobacco is addictive
which makes it
difficult to give up

(1)

(2)

(1)
(1)

(2)

(2)

(ii)
(c)

/causes people to
smoke for longer
(1)
A carbon
monoxide
An explanation
including three of
the following:
(stimulants)
act at the synapse
(1)
more
neurotransmitters
(1)
so speeds up
neurotransmission(
1)
an explanation
linking one of the
following pairs
when bent /
deformed (1)
shape memory
alloys return to their
original shape (1)
OR shape
memory alloys
return to their
original shape (1)
(but) other alloys
stay deformed (1)

(1)
Accept increases
neurotransmitters
Accept decreases
reaction
time/speeds up
reactions/ speeds
up brain activity

(3)
must refer to
metals shape
being changed i.e.
ignore broke, sat
on etc.

(2)

5.

Question
Number

Answer

Acceptable
answers

Mark

6(i)
(ii)

7
8

9
10(a)

(b)
(c)

D
An explanation
linking two of the
following
(aluminium) more
reactive (1) forms
more stable
compounds (1)
more difficult to
remove oxygen
/split (compound)
(1) electrolysis is
more powerful
method of
reduction (1)
D
a description
including the
following
heat/reduced
with (1) (with)
carbon/coke/carbo
n monoxide(1)
C
An explanation
including two of
does not
corrode/tarnish (1)
M1
unreactive (1)
M2

shiny/lustrous
(1) M3
malleable/easily
shaped (1) M4

scarce/expensi
ve/maintain s its
value (1) M5
C 24 carat
An explanation
linking three of
(gold) atoms all
same size (1) M1
layers/sheets
(of atoms)
slide/slip/move M2
(over one another
easily) (1)
(alloy) added

(1)
too
reactive/above
carbon/higher up in
reactivity series
forms compounds
with stronger
bonds carbon
cannot remove
oxygen/displace
aluminium

(2)
(1)
Ignore
references to blast
furnace Reject
references to
electrolysis

Ignore does not

rust does not
react with oxygen
and/or water Ignore
least reactive/less
reactive/not very
reactive/reacts very
slowly attractive
Ignore soft/strong
valuable

(2)
(1)
(2)

(1)
Marks can be
(3)
gained from
suitable diagrams
No mention of
layers/sheets in
answer maximum 2
marks Accept
particles/ions for
atoms reject
molecules (once

metals atoms are

different size (1)
M3

disruptlayers/str
ucture/
arrangement of
gold atoms (1) M4
prevent
layers/atoms
slide/slip/move (1)
M5

only)
lock/hold
layers/atoms
together

Indicative Content Mark

QWC

*(d)

An explanation
including some of
the following points
reactivity series
aluminium more
reactive than
iron/aluminium
higher than iron in
reactivity series
aluminium
forms stronger
bonds with oxygen
than iron does
aluminium
oxide more stable
(to decomposition)
than iron oxide
aluminium more
reactive than
carbon/aluminium
(6)
higher than carbon
in reactivity
seriescost

electrolysis/elec
tricity (more)
expensive (than
heating with
carbon)
heating with
carbon is
(relatively) cheap
methodIron
carbon more
reactive than
iron/iron less
reactive than
carbon
iron oxide

Level
1

0
1-2

reduced
by heating with
carbon
no need to use
(expensive)
electrolysisAlumini
um
aluminium
oxide difficult to
reduce
aluminium
oxide cannot be
reduced by
(heating with)
carbon
(cheaper)
reduction with
carbon does not
work
need more
powerful method of
reduction
therefore must
use electrolysis
No rewardable content
a limited description e.g. aluminium is
very reactive
e.g. aluminium extracted by electrolysis
e.g. iron extracted using carbon
e.g. costs more to extract aluminium
the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
spelling, punctuation and grammar
are used with limited accuracy

3-4
a simple description containing two
statements referring to one method of
extraction and a cost e.g. iron is extracted
by heating iron oxide with carbon and this
is cheaper
OR the relative reactivity of one metal
and a method of extraction e.g.
aluminium is extracted by electrolysis.
Aluminium is more reactive than iron (has
made a comparison in reactivity)
OR the relative reactivity of one metal
and reference to cost e.g. aluminium is a
more reactive metal and so is expensive
to extract

 the answer communicates ideas

showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific
terminology appropriately
spelling, punctuation and grammar
are used with some accuracy
3

5-6
a detailed description containing at
least three statements referring to relative
reactivity of both metals, a method of
extraction of at least one metal, and a
cost reference

11(a)(i)
(a)(ii)

(b)

e.g. aluminium is more reactive than iron

so is extracted by electrolysis which is
expensive
the answer communicates ideas
clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
spelling, punctuation and grammar
are used with few errors
carbon (is oxidised) Just 'carbon
dioxide' (0)
(1)
Maximum 1 mark
Allow carbon is (2)
if answer only
more reactive than
mentions one of
iron /ORA(1)
the metals. An
Allow aluminium is
explanation linking more reactive than
two of iron is
carbon /ORA (1)
lower in reactivity
Ignore carbon can
than
reduce iron oxide
aluminium/ORA (1) Ignore electrolysis
carbon can remove is used to extract
the oxygen from
aluminium
iron oxide (1)
electrolysis is a
more powerful
method (than using
carbon) /
electrolysis is
needed to remove
the oxygen
from/reduce
aluminium oxide (1)
iron compounds
less stable than
aluminium
compounds/ORA
(1)
An explanation
Reject the use of
(3)
linking three of
the word molecule
atoms of gold all
once only Allow

the same (size) (1)

in pure gold
layers/rows/sheets/
lines of the gold /
metal atoms slide
over each other
(when force is
applied) (1)
copper atoms are
smaller / different
size (1) (copper
atoms) disrupt /
distort /disturb the
structure / layers
(1) stops
layers/rows/sheets/
lines of
gold
atoms from sliding
over each other (1)

particles If
layers/rows/sheets/
lines is omitted
twice, you can
award one mark.

Indicative Content Mark

*(c)

An explanation
including some of
the following points

General points
A property must
be relevant to the
use and from the
table in the
question.
Ignore additional
properties. Look for
the use first, then
the relevant
property.
Candidates who
just re-write or
compare the
properties with no
uses score no
marks.
Ignore non-specific
uses such as
building
materials/structure

(6)

Level
1

0
1-2

s, making alloys
No rewardable content
a limited explanation e.g. states
correct uses of two metals / explains a
use of one of the metals related to a
property in the table
the answer communicates ideas using
simple language and uses limited
scientific terminology
spelling, punctuation and grammar
are used with limited accuracy

3-4
a simple explanation e.g. states
correct uses of three metals and relates
one use to a property / explains uses of
two metals related to their properties in
the table
the answer communicates ideas
showing some evidence of clarity and
organisation and uses scientific
terminology appropriately
spelling, punctuation and grammar
are used with some accuracy

Question
Number
12

5-6

Answer
A description
including three of
the following, with a
maximum of two
from either group of
three reduction is
the loss of oxygen
(1) copper(oxide)
loses oxygen (1)
(hence) copper
(oxide) is reduced
(1) OR oxidation
is the gain of
oxygen (1)
hydrogen gains
oxygen (1)
(hence)
hydrogen is

a detailed explanation e.g. explains

uses of three metals and relates use to
property in the table in each case
the answer communicates ideas
clearly and coherently uses a range of
scientific terminology accurately
spelling, punctuation and grammar
are used with few errors
Acceptable
Mark
answers

(3)

Question
Number
13
14(a)

oxidised (1)
Answer
C
substitutions (2)
(saving per year =)
900 0.15
(payback time =)
2500/135
evaluation (1) 18.5
(years)

(b)(i)

Acceptable
answers

(1)
135 give 3marks
for correct answer,
no working

(3)
Acceptdeither
order for
transformation /
substitution give 2
marks for correct
answer, no working

evaluation (1) 27
Question
Number
QWC

Mark

Indicative content
*(b)(ii)

(3)
Mark

Basic
ideas transforme
rs change voltage
and/or current
transformers use
a.c. the current
warms the
transmission wires
step-up
transformers
increase the
voltage step-up
transformers
decrease the
current energy is
wasted
Linked power
depends on both
current and voltage
power = current
voltage (P = I V)
at high voltage,
the same power
needs less current
correct mention
of turns ratio
related to voltage
change a
smaller current in a
wire produces less
heat Including
reasons when
you use a higher
voltage, the current (6)

Level
1

0
1-2

3-4

5-6

Answer

is lower. With lower

current, the amount
of heat produced is
less. If less heat is
lost, the efficiency
is greater.
correct use of (P
= I V) to show that
current is less in
the transmission
wires. Less heat is
lost because the
current is lower. If
less heat is lost, the
efficiency is
greater. current
wastes heat in
wires. Using a
higher transmision
voltage, and
therefore a lower
current, saves
more energy in the
transmission wire
than is lost in the
transformers
no rewardable material
basic relevant ideas, not linked and no
explanation or reason e.g. the current
warms the transmission wires the
answer communicates ideas using simple
language and uses limited scientific
terminology spelling, punctuation and
grammar are used with limited accuracy
detailed comments linking ideas
e.g. a smaller current in a wire
produces less heat the answer
communicates ideas showing some
evidence of clarity and organisation and
uses scientific terminology appropriately
spelling, punctuation and grammar are
used with some accuracy
full explanation with reasons e.g.
transformers are used to reduce the
current so that the heat loss is less and
efficiency is more the answer
communicates ideas clearly and
coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately spelling,
punctuation and grammar are used with
few errors
Acceptable
Mark
answers

15

16 QWC

substitution (1)
2400/200 = 230/
Vs transposition
(1)
(Vs =) 230
200/2400
Evalu
ation (1)
(Vs =) 19 (V)

substitution and
transposition in
either order
230/12 = 2 marks
(s&t)
200/10.43 = 2
marks (s&t) 19.2
(V)
19.17 (V)
Give full marks for
correct answer, no
working
1.9 x any other
power of 10 = 2
An explanation
linking some of the
following points
Basic
ideas transmi
ssion lines have
resistance the
current warms the
transmission wires
energy is wasted
as heat
transformers
change voltage
and/or current R
increase the
voltage / RA for S
R decrease the
current / RA for S
Linked ideas the
long transmission
lines have high
resistance
power depends
on both current and
voltage power =
current voltage (P
= I V) at high
voltage, the same
power needs less
current correct
mention of turns
ratio related to
voltage change
a smaller current
in a wire produces
less heat high
voltage
transmission saves
more energy than
is lost in the
(6)

(3)

Level
1

0
1-2

3-4

5-6

Question
Number
17(i)

Answer
substitution: (1)

transformers
No rewardable material
a limited explanation including some
relevant details e.g. R steps up the
voltage, S steps it down the answer
communicates ideas using simple
language and uses limited scientific
terminology spelling, punctuation and
grammar are used with limited accuracy
a simple explanation relating operation
of transformers to heat loss in
transmission lines and/or transformers
e.g. R steps up the voltage so that less
heat is lost in transmission lines or high
voltage transmission saves more energy
than is lost in the transformers the
answer communicates ideas showing
some evidence of clarity and organisation
and uses scientific terminology
appropriately spelling, punctuation and
grammar are used with some accuracy
a detailed explanation relating
operation of transformers to current and
energy losses in transmission lines
and/or transformers e.g. R steps up the
voltage so that, for the same power, I is
less meaning less heat is lost in
transmission lines the answer
communicates ideas clearly and
coherently uses a range of scientific
terminology accurately spelling,
punctuation and grammar are used with
few errors
Acceptable
Mark
answers
Allow substitution
and transposition in
either order if clear

transposition: (1)
evaluation /
comment: (1)
825(V) / which is
about 800 (V)
Question
Number
(ii)

Answer
power input =
power output (1)
I = 0.033 (A) (1)

Correct
comparison of
ratios scores 3 (15
and 14.5, 0.067
and 0.069)
(3)
Acceptable
Mark
answers
power input = 55 x
0.5 (W) power input
= 27.5 (W) I = 0.034
(A) Give full marks
for correct answer
(2)

no working