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EQUIPMENT SOUND LEVELS

FEBRUARY 1989

PAGE 1 OF 15

EGE 00-B-5 1989

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. Scope References General Equipment Sound Level Limits 4.1 Pressure Level 4.2 Power Level 4.3 Group Designations and Measurements 4.4 Exceptions to Sound Level Limits 5. Vendor/Purchaser Responsibility 5.1 Data Required 5.2 Special Designs 5.3 Guarantee 5.4 Guarantee Test

6. Equipment Sound Level Guarantee Test 6.1 General 6.2 Sound Level Test Procedures 6.3 Sound Level Test Instruments 6.4 Sound Level Measurement Locations and Calculation Methods 6.5 Correction Factors 6.6 Equipment Sound Level Test Report Appendix A Sound Power Level Calculations Appendix B Vendor Equipment Sound Level Report Forms

1. SCOPE This Guide presents sound level limits and sound level test requirements for installation of equipment in main plant areas. Vendor/purchaser (contractor) responsibilities and equipment sound level guarantee tests for compliance with the sound level limits are included. The equipment sound level limits herein are the maximum sound level limits acceptable from a single equipment item in order to achieve the desired area sound levels. Equipment location and the proximity to other equipment will determine if the equipment should level limits as specified in this Guide shall be reduced. For a discussion of plant sound level limits, see EGS 761. 2. REFERENCES The following publications from a part of this Guide. Unless otherwise specified herein, use the latest edition.
Mobil Engineering Guide EGS 761 Plant Noise Control

ANSI (American National Standards Institute) Standards S1.4 S1.11 S1.13 S1.31 S1.32 S1.33 Specification for Sound Level Meters Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-Band Analog and Digital Filters Measurement of Sound Pressure Levels Precision Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels of Broad-Band Noise Sources in Reverberation Rooms Precision Methods for the Determination of Discrete-Frequency and Narrow-Band Noise Sources in Reverberation Rooms Engineering Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources in a Special Reverberation Test Room

MOBIL ENGINEERING GUIDE EGE 00-B-5 1989


S1.34 S1.35 S1.36
PAGE 2 OF 15 FEBRUARY 1989

Engineering Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources for Essentially Free-Field Conditions Over a Reflecting Plane Precision Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources in Anechoic and Hemi-Anechoic Rooms Survey Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources

API (American Petroleum Institute) Recommended Practices RP 531M RP 631M Measurement of Noise from Fired Process Heaters Measurement of Noise from Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers

NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) Standard TR 1 Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors

3. GENERAL 3.1 Unless superseded by the project specifications to meet particular personnel and/or community sound level limits, the sound level limits for equipment as specified herein shall not be exceeded. 3.2 The sound level limits and sound level test requirements of this Guide shall be used to purchase plant equipment in all Mobil onshore facilities. 3.3 The equipment sound level limits of this Guide are intended to: (a) Provide maximum combined equipment sound levels in a plant that will satisfy both in plant and community governmental requirements. (b) Reduce the requirements for special periodic sound level surveys, hearing tests, and additional record keeping as mandated by governmental regulations. (c) Facilitate compliance with foreseeable lower sound level regulations at reasonable cost and with minimal disruption of plant operations. Where there is conflict between the sound level specifications of this Guide and other Mobil Engineering Guides, the acoustical requirements of this Guide shall govern. 4. EQUIPMENT SOUND LEVEL LIMITS This section specifies the maximum sound pressure levels (Group 1 through III) and maximum sound power levels (Groups IV through VII) at various octave band frequencies measured at specified locations for various groups of equipment. For sound pressure levels, sound power levels, and equipment designations, see Paragraphs 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, respectively. Restriction of equipment octave band sound levels will provide the equipment with the correct, overall dBA value. Specifying a dBA value only could result in excessively noisy equipment. 4.1 Pressure Level

Sound pressure levels, Lp, in decibels, dB (ref 20 micropascals), as required in Table 1, represent averaged upper limits that shall not be exceeded by the vendors equipment in any octave band.

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EGE 00-B-5 1989

4.2

Power Level
!12

4.2.1 Sound power levels, LW, in decibels, dB (ref 10 W), as required in Table 2, represent averaged under limits that shall not be exceeded by the vendors equipment in any octave band. For calculations of LW , see Appendix A. 4.2.2 Sound power level limits (Groups IV through VII) are used where sound emanates from various parts of the equipment. The sound power level limits ensure that the total equipment acoustic emissions are below sound level limit restrictions. 4.3 Group Designations and Measurements

Equipment group descriptions and sound level measurement locations are given in Table 3.

TABLE 1 PRESSURE LEVELS, dB Equipment Group (See Note) Group I Group II Group III Octave Band Center Frequencies, Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 87 92 84 89 82 87 81 86 81 86

63

8000 80 85

101 94 106 99 (See Table 3)

NOTE: For equipment grouping, see Table 3.

TABLE 2 POWER LEVELS, dB Equipment Group (Note 1) Group IV (Note 2) Group V Group VI (Note 3) Group VII (Note 3)
NOTES: 1. For equipment grouping, see Table 3. 2. In addition to the indicated sound power level limit requirements, the maximum fan tip speed shall be 3050 m/min (10,000 ft/min). 3. LW based on gas flaring rate of 27,200 kg/h (60,000 lb/h).

63 108 109 114 124

Octave Band Center Frequencies, Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 106 109 113 123 103 105 110 120 100 102 105 115 97 101 104 114 94 96 104 114 90 95 106 116

8000 85 95 107 117

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PAGE 4 OF 15 FEBRUARY 1989

TABLE 3 GROUP DESIGNATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS Equipment Item Measurement Location

Group I 1. Electric Motors 2. Compressors and engines. 3. Blowers and fans (except air coolers and cooling towers) 4. Gear boxes 5. Suction openings, atmospheric vents or silencers, or both 6. Steam boilers and deaerators 7. Forced-draft incinerators and heaters 8. Pumps 9. Gas and steam turbines 10. Control valves (Note 1), restriction orifices, flow meters, piping systems 11. Steam ejectors and condensers 12. Heaters (natural draft): a. Floor-fired type b. Wall-fired type 13. Miscellaneous noisy equipment, such as equipment for solids handling, canning and packaging, roller or pneumatic conveying, rotary kilns, and ball mills. Miscellaneous equipment should conform to the octave band spectra limits of Group 1, with measurement location of Items 1 through 11. Group II 14. Vents and silencers (noncontinuous operation) Group III 15. Transformers Group IV (Note 2) 16. Air-cooled heat exchangers (each fan) Group V (Note 3) 17. Cooling towers (each cell, fan plus water noise) Group VI (Note 3) 18. Ground flare Group VII (Note 3) 19 Elevated flare

Items 1 through 11 (except Item 5): Sound pressure level readings measured one meter from equipment and accessories at one-half the height of equipment (6 points at 60 degrees incremental or circumferential locations). Item 5: Sound pressure level readings measured one meter from openings at 90 degrees from flow (6 points at 60 degrees). Item 12a (Note 4): Sound pressure level measured along the boundary space under the heater floor and 1.7 meters above grade at 2-meter spacing. If plenum air openings are not located under floor, measurements should be taken one meter from openings and at 2-meter spacing. Item 12b (Note 4): Sound pressure level measured one meter from the burner (one point on axis and 2 points at 90 degrees to burner axis). Plenum chambers measured one meter from openings at 2-meter spacing. Item 14: Sound pressure level measured on meter from opening at 90 degrees to flow (6 points at 60 degrees). Item 15: Measurements and sound level limits as stated in NEMA TR 1. Item 16 (Note 2): Sound pressure level readings taken on the projected surfaces of an imaginary hemisphere (above the bay geometric center plant) and on an imaginary cylinder (from the geometric center plane to grade) at a 10-meter radius from the center of the bay. There shall be 9 measuring points on the hemisphere (with one point directly above the fan centerline) and 4 points on the cylinder surfaces. All measuring points shall be at the center of the representative measurement segments of the hemisphere and cylinder. Item 17: Sound pressure level readings taken one meter over equal areas above the fan (at 4 points) and at the air inlets (2 each side). Item 18: Sound pressure level readings taken 100 meters from the flare centerline at 12 meters abovegrade (2 points at 180 degrees). Item 19: Sound pressure level readings taken 300 meters from the flare centerline at 2 meters abovegrade (2 points at 180 degrees).

NOTES: 1. Control valves: Expected sound level emission calculated in accordance with the latest Fisher, Masoneilan, or equivalent methods, shall not exceed 85 dBA at one-meter measuring distance. Air-cooled heat exchangers: For further details and requirements for measurement locations and sound power level calculations, see Appendix A and API RP 631 M. Sound power levels required. For sound power level calculations, see Appendix A. Fired heaters: For further details and requirements for sound measurement locations, see API RP 531M.

2.

3. 4.

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EGE 00-B-5 1989

4.4

Exceptions to Sound Level Limits

Limits for intermittent acoustic emissions, or operation that occurs less than 5 percent of the time during a work shift and fewer than six times per hour, may be 5 dB higher than for continuous sound levels (except Group II, Table 1). However, no such allowance shall be made for sound of a periodic or hammering character. If narrow band noise occurs, as measured in one-third octave bands, the sound pressure level limits in the octave band shall be reduced by 5 dB. Where one-third octave band data are unavailable, equipment shall be deemed to have narrow band components when there is an audible tone (hum, whine, screech, etc.) associated with that equipment under normal running conditions. 5. VENDOR/PURCHASER RESPONSIBILITY 5.1 Data Required

5.1.1 The vendor shall complete the Vendor Equipment Sound Level Report Forms (see Appendix B) and shall submit them to the purchaser with the vendors quotation and signed guarantee. When sound pressure levels are requested and sound power levels are also available, this information should be included in the report. When equipment is motor driven, data for both driven and driving equipment shall be submitted. 5.1.2 Requests for quotations shall specify maximum permissible sound level limits of equipment as !12 a tabulation of sound power level, LW (ref 10 W), or as sound pressure level, LP (ref 20 Pa). Requests for quotations shall be accompanied by the Vendor Equipment Sound Level Report Forms Appendix B); maximum permissible sound level limits shall be designated on this report. 5.1.3 Purchase orders shall specify maximum sound level limits of equipment as guaranteed by the vendor. 5.2 Special Designs

5.2.1 When the purchaser's requirements cannot be satisfied by the vendor's standard design, alternatives for special design or for acoustical treatment of standard design shall be quoted. 5.2.2 When an alternative acoustical treatment is quoted by the vendor, the proposal shall contain all pertinent design details, cost, and effect on performance, if any. 5.2.3 Abatement designs shall not limit equipment operation or accessibility, nor shall they create any safety or fire hazards. 5.3 Guarantee

5.3.1 The vendor's equipment shall not exceed the sound levels stated in the purchase order. Any remedial work performed by either purchaser or vendor as a result of the latter's failure to meet the guaranteed sound level shall be at the expense of the vendor. Equipment shall be made available for remedial work at a time designated by the purchaser. 5.3.2 The purchase reserves the right to reject any item which, when shop tested (using specified test procedures), does not meet the required sound level limits. If the shop test has been waived (see Paragraph 5.4.2) and the equipment exceeds required sound level limits on field testing, remedial vendor action will be required (see Paragraph 5.3.1)

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5.4.1 A sound level guarantee acceptance test shall be performed by the vendor (see Section 6). The vendor should notify the purchaser three weeks prior to the date on which the shop- or fieldwitnessed test is to be made so that a purchaser representative may be present. 5.4.2 The requirement for a sound level test may be waived, subject to Mobil approval, for suppliers of known capability furnishing equipment similar to that recently purchased by Mobil (or the purchaser), and with which Mobil has had experience. Acceptance sound level testing may be waived by the purchaser with Mobil approval, provided acceptable and certified equipment sound level tests are furnished. 5.4.3 Charges for testing and any increase in the quoted price, because of sound level specifications, shall be shown as separate items in the vendors quotations. 6. EQUIPMENT SOUND LEVEL GUARANTEE TEST 6.1 General

When required (see Paragraph 5.4), a guarantee acceptance test shall be made prior to shipment in accordance with this section. The vendors responsibilities are as follows: (a) The vendor shall clearly describe the test conditions and note any differences from operating conditions. (b) If the vendor supplies LW ratings, he shall state the basis on which they have been established and whether directivity has been noted. For measurement locations and calculation procedures acceptable to the purchaser, see Table 3 and Appendix A. (c) If equipment ratings are supplied on the basis of LP, the vendor shall report all pertinent details on test report forms (see Paragraph 6.6). Any exceptions shall be stated for evaluation by the purchaser. 6.2 Sound Level Test Procedures

6.2.1 Test procedures to establish Lp or Lw (guide limits) shall be in conformance with Table 3, Appendix A, and the following: (a) Tests shall be made at the vendors plant or in a suitable test location provided by the vendor and at his expense. (b) Where feasible, tests to establish Lw should be conducted in a test room, preferably 1700 m (60,000 ft) minimum, with no sound-absorbing treatment. (c) In every octave band, the ambient sound levels within the test location should be at least 10 dB below the total sound level (ambient plus machinery); if not, background sound level corrections shall be made. If either ambient or machine sound levels fluctuate appreciably, maximum levels should be recorded. If conditions do not permit the 10 dB difference between ambient and total, correction factors shown in Paragraph 6.5) shall be used. Where this difference is less than 3 dB for any octave band, ambient sound levels will be excessive and the locations shall be unacceptable for testing.

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EGE 00-B-5 1989

(d) The test microphone should be placed so that it is protected from air currents (use wind-screen) vibration, electric or magnetic fields, and other influences that might affect the readings. Location and orientation of the microphone shall be identical for measurement of total and ambient background sound levels. (e) The entire area surrounding the equipment should be explored to locate the point of maximum sound level. Starting from this point, measurements shall be made in accordance with Table 3. Additional readings shall be specified if a directivity pattern is to be established. (f) Instruments shall be in accordance with Paragraph 6.3; measurements shall be in dBA (A-weighted), dBC (C-weighted), and octave bands, unless otherwise specified. (g) The equipment tested shall be isolated from any extraneous noise as follows: (1) A noisy temporary base excited by vibration of the machine: Vibration isolation or damping shall be used. (2) Noisy test loops with pressure-reducing valves: Silencers and acoustical lagging of valves and pipes shall be used. (3) Open inlets or outlets on equipments Silencers shall be used at the openings.

(h) Unless otherwise specified, equipment shall be tested at full load. In any equipment situation where the sound levels in the nonloaded condition exceed those in the loaded condition, the vendor shall so specify to the purchaser. (I) Outdoor tests for sound power level determinations of equipment (Groups IV through VII) shall not be conducted under adverse atmospheric conditions such as rain, fog, atmospheric inversion, or winds exceeding 16.1 km/h (10 mph). mph). 6.2.2 When several identical units are to be purchased, the number of units to be tested shall be specified in the purchase order. 6.2.3 Test results shall be reported to the purchaser for analysis and acceptance before equipment is shipped, unless otherwise specified. All pertinent data shall be recorded by the vendor personnel conducting the test. The forms shown in Paragraph 6.6 shall be used when sound level tests are reported. Where sound level tests are the calculation procedures of Appendix A shall be used. 6.3 Sound Level Test Instruments

6.3.1 A Type-1 precision sound level meter including microphone, as specified in ANSI S1.4, shall be used to measure sound levels. 6.3.2 An octave band analyzer, type E, Class II, as specified in ANSI S1.11, is the required octave band analyzer. The analyzer may be used with a sound level meter or preamplifier, if required. 6.3.3 Instruments shall be calibrated by means of an acoustical calibration of coupler type (ANSI S1.4) and as recommended by the instrument manufacturer. Overall calibration of the instruments, including the microphone, and internal calibration of the meters shall be made before and after testing each piece of equipment.

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6.3.4 If the sound level produced by the equipment has significant high-frequency components in the range of 1000 Hz to 10,000 Hz, instruments capable of accurately measuring sound in this range shall be used and this sound level data shall be reported to the purchaser. 6.4 Sound Level Measurement Locations and Calculation Methods

For group designations and measurements, refer to Table 3: sound power level calculations are covered in Appendix A. 6.5 Correction Factors

For acceptable sound level measurements, correction factors allowed for high-ambient sound levels are as follows:
Difference Between Total and Ambient Sound Levels dB 3* 4 6 8 10
*

Correction to be Subtracted from Total Sound Level dB

!3.0 !2.2 !1.3 !0.8 !0.4

The maximum permissible correction to the measured sound level is 3 dB. If the ambient sound levels are within 1 or 2 dB of the total sound level, the equipment sound level cannot be determined and the test is not valid.

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EGE 00-B-5 1989

6.6 6.6.1

Equipment Sound Level Test Report General Test Information Type of Equipment Manufacturer Vendor Order No. Purchaser Order No. Equipment Specifications: Model No. Size Speed Machine Test Load: Test Room: Dimensions Materials Full Length Floor Walls Operation: Continuous Intermittent* Impact* Yes No Width Ceiling Vendor Shop Order No. Project No. Serial No. Capacity Horsepower Percent Full Height

Does High-Frequency Noise Exist? Sound Level Meter: Octave Band Analyzer: Microphone: Was Microphone Cable Used? * For intermittent or impact sound levels indicate:
Time/Frequency of Occurrence Time/Duration of Occurrence

Make Make Make Yes No

Model Model Model dB Correction

Signature of Tester Job Title Company Date

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Equipment Orientation and Microphone Location

Prior to a sound level test, the tester shall prepare a sketch showing the location and elevation of the microphone and the position of the equipment as placed in the room or field space. The orientation of equipment shall be indicated on the sketch by some identifying feature; for example, symbols A through F as shown in Paragraph 6.6.3. 6.6.3 Equipment Sound Level Test Octave Band Analysis
ANSI Octave Bank Designation, Hz 250 500 1000 2000 4000 Sound Pressure Level, dB (Ref 20 FPa )

Sound Level Microphone MeasureLocation* ment 1 2 A 3 4 1 2 B 3 4 1 2 C 3 4 1 2 D 3 4 1 2 E 3 4 1 2 F 3 4 Sound Power Level Calculation Method Used

Weighted Scale dBA dBC

63

125

8000

Sound Power Level, dB -12 (Ref 10 W)

Symbols A through F in accordance with sketch (see Paragraph 6.6.2). Measurements 1 through 4 are identified as follows: 1 Machine and background sound levels. 2 Background sound level. 3 Ambient correction. 4 Adjusted sound level. Fast scale-reading fluctuations greater than 6 dB shall be recorded; otherwise, average slow response shall be used.

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EGE 00-B-5 1989

APPENDIX A SOUND POWER LEVEL CALCULATIONS Calculation procedures to establish the sound power level, from sound pressure level test readings for Groups IV, V, VI, and VII (see Table 3 for measurement locations), are outlined in this appendix. A-1. Group IV Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers (Each Fan)

The sound power level for the hemispheric and cylindrical surfaces for each frequency shall be calculated from the test readings by means of Equation A-1: Hemisphere: LW = LP + 10 log10 2BR Cylinder: LW = LP + 10 log10 2BR
2 2

(A-1)

Where: LW = sound power level of the hemisphere or cylinder, in decibels !12 (ref 10 W).
LP = average sound pressure level of all the test readings on the hemisphere or cylinder, in decibels (ref 20 Pa). R= H= radius of the measuring surface of the projected imaginary hemisphere or cylinder, in meters. height of the bay geometric center plane above grade, in meters.

With fans in the bay operating at nominal design tip speed, horsepower, and static pressure, sound pressure level readings shall be taken at the measurement locations indicated in Table 3 for Equipment Item 16. If the difference between the highest and lowest test readings on the respective hemisphere and cylinder reading locations is not larger than 6 dB, the readings for the respective areas may be averaged arithmetically. Otherwise, logarithmic averages shall be established. Sound power level values for each frequency shall calculated separately for the hemisphere and cylinder. The total sound power level for the bay shall be obtained for each frequency by summing logarithmically the values obtained for the hemisphere and cylinder power levels. If the bay contains two identical operating fans during the test, the sound power level for one fan shall be determined by subtracting 3 dB in each octave band from the total sound power level obtained for the total buy with two fans operating. If the test is run at slightly lower than design horse-power (hp), the sound power level test results shall be corrected to design sound power level as follows:

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LW design = LW test + 10 (log10 hpdesign ! log10 hptest) If the test is run at slightly higher than design hp, the sound power test results shall be corrected to design sound power level as follows: LW design = LW test ! 10 (log10 hptest ! log 10 hpdesign) A-2. Group V Cooling Towers (Each Cell-Fan Plus Water Noise)

The cooling tower sound power level for each frequency shall be calculated by Equation A-2: Where: S= LW + LP + 10 log S measuring surface area, in square meters. (A-2)

With water flowing over the fill at the design rate in gallons per minute (GPM) and with the fan operating, sound pressure level reading shall be taken over the area of the air intakes and on a 10-meter hemisphere radius above the fan. Sound power level values for each frequency shall be calculated separately for each zone. The total sound power level of the cooling tower shall be obtained by logarithmically summing the individual Lw values obtained. A-3. Groups VI and VII Ground and Elevated Flares

Sound power level for each frequency shall be calculated from test readings by means of Equation A-3: Where: LW = LP + 10 log 2BR + a
2

(A-3)

R= distance between the flare centerline and the measuring position, in meters. a= air absorption sound level reductions based on distance and atmospheric condition for given frequencies.

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EGE 00-B-5 1989

APPENDIX B VENDOR EQUIPMENT SOUND LEVEL REPORT FORMS The purchaser shall complete the items listed in Paragraph B-1 and shall include permissible equipment sound pressure or sound power level limitations, or both (see Paragraphs B-2 and B-4), based on the respective equipment sound measurement locations of Table 3, before submitting with initial vendor inquiry. The basis for sound level measurement shall comply with the use of the octave band analyzer in accordance with ANSI S1.4 and S1.11 and procedures in accordance with ANSI S1.13, S1.31, S1.32, S1.33, S1.34, S1.35, and S1.36. B-1. Equipment Design Data

For sound pressure measurement locations, see Table 3. Equipment No. Equipment Description Size Horsepower B-2. Design Capacity Speed Requisition No.

Sound Pressure Level Data (Corrected for Background Sound Level)


Sound Pressure (Ref 20 FPa) Permissible Stock Item: Equipment Transmission Driver Equipment Transmission Driver Equipment Transmission Driver Octave Band Center Frequency, Hz 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

Cost*

Special Design:

Acoustical Treatment:

* Show cost of stock item and additional costs for special design or acoustical treatment, or both, in dollars.

We, above.

Company, guarantee to meet equipment sound level limits as specified Signature: Date:

MOBIL ENGINEERING GUIDE EGE 00-B-5 1989 B-3. Measurement Conditions Room Size: Walls: Ceiling: Floor: Length Material Material Material Width Finish Finish Finish Height
PAGE 14 OF 15 FEBRUARY 1989

Insert background sound level spectrum at the following measurement locations:


Sound Pressure (Ref 20 FPa) Octave Band Center Frequency, Hz 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

Sound pressure level based on: Actual equipment B-4. Similar equipment Model

Sound Power Level Data (Corrected for Background Sound Level)

For LW calculation methods, see Appendix A.


Sound Pressure -12 (Ref 10 W) Permissible Stock Item: Equipment Transmission Driver Equipment Transmission Driver Equipment Transmission Driver Octave Band Center Frequency, Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

Cost*

63

Special Design:

Acoustical Treatment:

* Show cost of stock item and additional costs for special design or acoustical treatment, or both, in dollars.

We, above.

Company, guarantee to meet equipment sound level limits as specified Signature: Date:

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Items Below to Be Completed by Purchaser


B-5. Sound Level Test Summary to Be Completed by Purchaser of Operating Equipment

Location Indicate Indoor or Outdoor Acoustical Treatment, Specify Type

Sound Pressure (LP), Average at Measurement Locations* (Ref 20 FPa) Measured LP Backgroun LP Corrected LP
* For measurement locations, see Table 3.

63

Octave Band Center Frequency, Hz 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000

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