[ASSIGNMENT OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING] December 21, 2013

STIRRER BATCH REACTOR (SBR):

In the stirred-batch reactor, the catalyst is dispersed as slurry. Although this reactor
has better contact between the catalyst and the fluid than either the differential or integral
reactor, it has a sampling problem.
Samples of fluid are usually passed though cyclones or withdrawn through filters or
screen to separate the catalyst and fluid, thereby stopping the reaction. However, slow
quenching of the reaction in the cyclone or plugging of the filter sampling system by the
catalyst particles is a constant concern, thus making the rating in the sampling category
only fair.
Since the system is well-mixed, its isothermally is good. There is good contact
between the catalyst and reactants and the contact time is known since the catalyst and
reactants are fed at the same time. However, if the catalyst decays, the activity and
selectivity will vary during the course of data collection. This reactor is useful for substrate
solution of high viscosity and for immobilized enzymes with relatively low activity.




THE FIGURES OF STIRRED BATCH REACTOR:
[ASSIGNMENT OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING] December 21, 2013

APPLICATION OF STIRRED BATCH REACTOR:
For this reactor, some application has been present in all factories. The examples
application that used this kind of reactor is such as quit diverse, covering both waste water
treatment, food industry, polymerization, process involving microorganism and paper
industry.
1. COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION:
The coagulation-flocculation method is used for removal of solid particles from
waste water. Coagulation is the destabilization of colloidal particles by adding some
chemical. While flocculation is where the aggregation and compacting of
coagulated particles are takes place and formed into large assemblages called floc
particles. For the coagulation, it required raid mixing that can be gain from stirred
batch reactor.

2. POLYMERIZATION:
The term of polymerization is referring to the process of bonding monomer
molecules to form polymer molecules. A homopolymer is formed when identical
monomers are bonded together while copolymer is formed from two different
monomers. But the types of polymerization method are varying with the impeller
that used in the stirred batch reactor.

3. FERMENTATION:
Fermentation involves the utilization of microorganism to convert substances into
another. Common microorganisms are bacteria, yeast and molds. Fermentation can
be performed with or without oxygen present, the process is therefore said to be
aerobic or an aerobic respectively. Thus, the process is takes place in the stirred
batch reactor that used to mixed and to disperse oxygen into the slurry, suspended
microorganisms, enhance heat transfer and blend the content of the fermenter.

4. FOOD INDUSTRY:
In the production of soft drink and fruit juices, mixing is needed in blending and
storage of syrups and pulp. Sweetening of drinks is usually done by adding syrup
[ASSIGNMENT OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING] December 21, 2013

and consisting of dissolved sugar. Thus, efficient fluid motion, provided by an axial
impeller is necessary to maintain temperature uniformly to avoid colour variations.
The power level depends on the viscosity and concentration of the syrup. Agitation
is also applied for uniform suspension of pulp in fruit juices.

ADVANTAGES OF STIRRED BATCH REACTOR:
1. High conversions per unit volume for one pass.
2. Flexibility of operation same reactor can produce one product one time and a
different product the next.
3. Easy to clean.
4. Versatility. A single vessel can carry out a sequence of different operations without
the need to break containment. This is particularly useful when processing toxic or
highly potent compounds.

DISADVANTAGES OF STIRRED VATCH REACTOR:
1. High operating cost.
2. Product quality more variable than with continuous operation.
3. If use high agitator loads, it can cause shaft stability problem.
4. Inlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid which can oscillate over a wide
temperature range to cause hot or cold spots at the jacket inlet points.

LIMITATION OF STIRRED BATCH REACTOR:
1. Use smaller flowing system with high speed agitators to create higher mixing rates
and it can overcome shaft stability problems.
2. The uses of heating and cooling jackets in order to removed or add the heat to the
reactor contents and maintain to the desired temperature.
[ASSIGNMENT OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING] December 21, 2013

3. The temperature in the single jacket design is regulated to control heating or
cooling. But in the large vessels, it takes many minutes to adjust the temperature
and it cause sluggish temperature control.