ANSYS v14.

5
U d t Update
March, 2013
CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. Proprietary
2012 CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. All rights reserved.
Agenda
9:00 Welcome
1:00- ComputingUtilities
9:00 Welcome
Introductions
What is new at CAEA
9:15 - Mechanical Demonstration
CAD ti tiliti ( ithi th CAD
1:00 Computing Utilities
HPC
GPU
RSM
HPC Parametric Pack)
CAD connection utilities (within the CAD
API)
Mechanical setup
Rigid Bodies, J oints, contact, meshing
Usingthe Mechanical model as a template
1:30 - CFD Update
Design iteration/optimization using CFX
Shape optimization using Fluent
1-way FSI
3:00Break
Using the Mechanical model as a template.
Submodeling(parametric mesh refinement)
10:30 - Break
10:45 - Result evaluation: What do I do
i h hi ?
3:00 Break
3:15 ANSYS Customization Toolkit
What is ACT?
Examples (acoustics, wind load, DYNA drop test.
4:00EngineeringKnowledge Manager
with this stress?
Fatigue calculation
Automating the process
Direct Optimization
4:00 Engineering Knowledge Manager
4:15 ANSYS Composite Prep-Post
4:30 MAPDL
RSO(robust design, DFSS)
Fracture
12:00 Lunch
2
Mechanical Presentation
We are taking a different approach to presenting the update topics for this We are taking a different approach to presenting the update topics for this
release.
We will be minimizing the slide show part of the presentation in favor of
more live demonstration to illustrate ANSYS/Workbench tools more live demonstration to illustrate ANSYS/Workbench tools.
We will be pointing out many of the new features as well as existing
capabilities that users may not be fully utilizing.
We hope you find this format valuable and are eager to get your feedback We hope you find this format valuable and are eager to get your feedback.
3
Analysis Flow
Initial Design
F t
CAD Model Stress Analysis
Parametric Geometry
Parametric Material Coefficients,
Mesh Controls, Loading and Output.
Fracture
Submodel
Parametric Crack
Length and K1
y
Parametric Cut
Boundary
Location
Fatigue Analysis Optimization/Robust Design
Parametric Load
Mapping and Life
Final Design
output.
4
The Challenge
Determine if the grip design is robust given variability in the material Determine if the grip design is robust given variability in the material,
loading, and geometric input data.
5
Begin at the CAD Level
We begin with a Solid Works Assembly of the vise grip We begin with a Solid Works Assembly of the vise grip.
Geometric parameters are identified at the CAD level using a parameter
prefix.
6
Begin at the CAD Level
Named Selections defined at the CAD level can be used in both Named Selections defined at the CAD level can be used in both
DesignModeler and Mechanical.
7
CAD connection
Drag and Drop an Analysis Systemonto the Project Drag and Drop an Analysis System onto the Project.
Specify parameter and Named Selection prefixes in the Geometry Details
menu.
8
CAD connection
Specify parameter and Named Selection prefixes in the Geometry Details Specify parameter and Named Selection prefixes in the Geometry Details
menu.
9
Materials
Double click on the Engineering Data rowto add materials to the project Double click on the Engineering Data row to add materials to the project.
In this case we will be using a carbon steel material model from the nCode
library.
10
Assigning Properties in Mechanical
Define the material and stiffness behavior (flexible versus rigid) for each Define the material and stiffness behavior (flexible versus rigid) for each
body.
11
Assigning Properties in Mechanical
Confirmthe material definitions and the stiffness behavior by using Confirm the material definitions and the stiffness behavior by using
Display Style in the Geometry Details menu.
12
Assigning Properties in Mechanical
Note that the geometry parameters are found in the details of the clamp2 Note that the geometry parameters are found in the details of the clamp2
part.
To use these parameters in the project, add them to the Parameter Set by
clicking in the box to the left of the parameter clicking in the box to the left of the parameter.
13
Joint and Contact Connections
We will use a combination of Contact Regions and J oint Connections for We will use a combination of Contact Regions and J oint Connections for
this model.
First turn off automatic contact generation on update.
Open the Contact Folder and delete the automatic contact regions Open the Contact Folder and delete the automatic contact regions.
Define an asymmetric frictional contact region between the jaws of the vise
grip using Named Selections from the CAD model.
14
Joint and Contact Connections
Insert a newConnection Group folder Insert a new Connection Group folder.
Set the type to J oint
Define Body-Ground fixed and revolute joints on the main grip and the link
using Named Selections fromthe CADmodel using Named Selections from the CAD model.
15
Joint and Contact Connections
RMB click on the J oints folder and create automatic connections RMB click on the J oints folder and create automatic connections.
Delete the Fixed J oint between the upper and lower jaw (the contact region will
handle this).
Change the Fixed connections at the pins to Revolute (assign geometry and Change the Fixed connections at the pins to Revolute (assign geometry and
reference coordinate system for each).
16
Joint and Contact Connections
Use the Connection Matrix (newat v14 5) to check a summary of the joints Use the Connection Matrix (new at v14.5) to check a summary of the joints
and contacts defined.
Connections > Worksheet > Preferences >Connection Matrix > Refresh
17
Mesh Settings
Basic mesh settings will be used on the assembly model Basic mesh settings will be used on the assembly model.
Define a global sizing of .06.
Add a local mesh size to the lower jaw of .03
18
Mesh Settings
Add a Multizone Method the lower jaw Add a Multizone Method the lower jaw.
Add a Hex Dominant Method to the lower grip.
19
Mesh Settings
Assign a Mapped Face Meshing using a Named Selection fromthe CAD Assign a Mapped Face Meshing using a Named Selection from the CAD
model.
20
Mesh Settings
Set the number of divisions on the lower grip using a Named Selection Set the number of divisions on the lower grip using a Named Selection
from the CAD system.
21
Mesh Settings
Generate the mesh Generate the mesh.
Use the new Manual Mesh Setting to activate the Show Mesh button.
22
Loads and Supports
Add a frictionless support and a pressure load using Named Selections Add a frictionless support and a pressure load using Named Selections
from CAD model.
23
Static solution
Generate a static solution Generate a static solution.
Note rigid body motion due to the open (missed) contact at the jaws.
24
Setting Joint and Contact connections
Use the Contact Tool to determine the initial condition status Use the Contact Tool to determine the initial condition status.
Note that there is an initial gap between the upper and lower jaw.
25
Setting Joint and Contact connections
Set the Interface Treatment to Adjust to Touchand solve Set the Interface Treatment to Adjust to Touch and solve.
Note resulting contact pressure.
26
Setting Joint and Contact connections
Set the Interface Treatment to back to the default (Add Offset Ramped Set the Interface Treatment to back to the default (Add Offset, Ramped
Effects).
Add Stabilization Damping Factor of 0.5 and solve.
Compare the contact press re bet een the t o sol tions Compare the contact pressure between the two solutions.
Adjust to touch
Stabilization Stabilization
Damping
27
Evaluating Results
Evaluate reaction forces (via the joint probes) deflections and stress in the Evaluate reaction forces (via the joint probes), deflections and stress in the
lower jaw.
Note the stress concentration at the re-entrant corner.
28
Using the Analysis System as a Template
With a consistent set of Named Selections we can nowsubstitute a With a consistent set of Named Selections we can now substitute a
different geometry file into the Analysis System and take advantage of the
automatic mapping of all the Mechanical settings onto the new geometry.
29
Evaluating Stress Results
Back with original model we need to resolve the singular stress solution in Back with original model, we need to resolve the singular stress solution in
the lower jaw before we can determine if the design is robust.
Our choices are:
Add a fillet to the lower jawin the assembly model and resolve the entire Add a fillet to the lower jaw in the assembly model and resolve the entire
model.
Extract a submodel of the region in question, add the fillet to the submodel and
generate a local stress solution. generate a local stress solution.
30
Submodeling in Workbench
Cut boundary displacement interpolation is a newfeature in Workbench Cut boundary displacement interpolation is a new feature in Workbench
v14.5.
DesignModeler can be used to extract the submodel from a duplicate of
the global geometry Simply create a copy of the analysis systemand the global geometry. Simply create a copy of the analysis system and
modify the submodel geometry locally in DesignModeler.
In this fashion both the assembly (global) model and the submodel can
reside in the same project reside in the same project.
31
Submodeling
RMB click on the Geometry row(B3) and select Duplicate RMB click on the Geometry row (B3) and select Duplicate.
Drag and drop the Solution row from the global model onto the Setup row
of the submodel to import the global displacements.
Update the Sol tion ro (B6) and Refresh the Set p ro (C4) Update the Solution row (B6) and Refresh the Setup row (C4).
Open the submodel in Mechanical
32
Submodeling
Assign the 1045 steel material model to the submodel Assign the 1045 steel material model to the submodel.
Delete unused connections, mesh controls and loads.
Assign the same global mesh size used in the global model (0.03).
Generate the initial submodel mesh.
33
Submodeling
RMB on the Imported Load folder an insert an imported displacement for RMB on the Imported Load folder an insert an imported displacement for
each cut face.
RMB click to import the loads.
Note that this can be done for any result step of the global solution Note that this can be done for any result step of the global solution.
34
Submodeling
Generate the initial solution Generate the initial solution.
35
Results Scoping via Direct Node Selection
With Manual Mesh control turned on you can select nodes and scope With Manual Mesh control turned on you can select nodes and scope
result quantities directly.
36
Results Scoping via Direct Node Selection
Use the Annotation Preferences to turn on node numbers Use the Annotation Preferences to turn on node numbers.
37
Cut Boundary Verification
Forces: Forces:
Create a surface in the global model at the cut boundary using Construction
Geometry.
Scope a force reaction probe to the surface and compare with the submodel Scope a force reaction probe to the surface and compare with the submodel.
38
Cut Boundary Verification
Stress: Stress:
Use the surface in the global model to compare stress as well.
39
Submodel Mesh
Add mesh refinement controls to the submodel in the formof: Add mesh refinement controls to the submodel in the form of:
Global sizing : 0.02
Local sizing : 0.005 at the high stress region in the fillet (make a parameter).
Global settings for smoothing and transition rate Global settings for smoothing and transition rate.
High Transition
Slow Smoothing
Low Transition
Fast Smoothing
40
Submodel Mesh Refinement
Use a parametric mesh study to refine the mesh to a converged stress Use a parametric mesh study to refine the mesh to a converged stress
solution.
41
So now what?
We have a solution for stress but what do we do with it? We have a solution for stress but what do we do with it?
How can we be certain the part is not going to fail?
42
Types of failure
Dynamic/cyclic loading: Dynamic/cyclic loading:
Impact failure.
Fatigue.
Static loading: Independent of the time loads are sustained: Static loading: Independent of the time loads are sustained:
Static failure exceed ultimate stress.
Excessive elastic deformation.
Di t ti l ti t i Distortion or plastic strain.
Buckling.
Brittle or ductile fracture.
D d t th ti l d t i d Dependent on the time loads are sustained:
Creep failure.
43
Fatigue and Fracture
Fatigue is typically based on crack formation Fatigue is typically based on crack formation.
No cracks are included in the analysis model.
Life is based on comparing un-cracked stress/strain state with S-N test data.
Fracture mechanics is based on crack growth.
Cracks are included in the analysis model.
C d t i if k ill t t f il d t t ti l d Can determine if crack will propagate to failure under current static load.
Can combine with fatigue to determine remaining life under cyclic load.
Crack Growth
Crack Formation
44
nCode Fatigue Analysis
nCode provides the ability to performfatigue analysis based on ANSYS nCode provides the ability to perform fatigue analysis based on ANSYS
results:
Within the Workbench environment (drop nCode onto your solution):
Or standalone (open the ANSYS RST file within nCode): Or standalone (open the ANSYS RST file within nCode):
As well as results files from DYNA, NASTRAN, and ABAQUS.
45
Advantages of nCode
nCode provides easy-to-use comprehensive fatigue analysis: nCode provides easy to use, comprehensive fatigue analysis:
Has a extensive material database.
Performs life prediction based on specimen life data.
Uses multi-axial stress states. Uses multi axial stress states.
Extracts cyclic content from complex loading.
46
Advanced nCode Features at v14.5
nCode has many more advanced features some of which were added in nCode has many more advanced features, some of which were added in
the recent new release.
Temperature-dependent fatigue.
CustomS-N methods Custom S-N methods.
47
Fatigue Analysis using nCode
Drag and drop one of the nCode Analysis Systems and onto the Solution Drag and drop one of the nCode Analysis Systems and onto the Solution
row of the Submodel.
Update the Submodel Solution row and Refresh the nCode Solution row.
Open nCode Open nCode.
Refresh
Update
48
Fatigue Analysis using nCode
Set the Simulation Input display to stress Set the Simulation_Input display to stress.
Edit the following in StrainLife_Analysis:
Load Mapping Max = 1, Min = 0 (non reversible loading).
C fi th t t i l i i i th 1045 St l d l Confirm that material mapping is using the 1045 Steel model.
Run
Change from Damage to life in the Fatigue_Results_Display
49
Fatigue Analysis using nCode
Drag and drop the Design Explorer glyph fromthe DesignLife tool box Drag and drop the Design Explorer glyph from the DesignLife tool box.
Connect it to the output of the StrainLife_Analysis glyph.
50
Fatigue Analysis using nCode
Exit nCode Exit nCode
Update the nCode Solution row on the Project Page.
Note that output from nCode is being fed to the Parameter Set.
51
Fatigue Analysis using nCode
Note that the output parameter Lifehas been added to the Parameter Note that the output parameter Life has been added to the Parameter
Set.
52
nCode Fatigue Analysis
Fatigue material properties: Fatigue material properties:
nCode has a built-in material library, accessed within the Engineering Data in
Workbench or directly within nCode (currently 186 different sets).
If data is available can import and create your own fatigue material If data is available, can import and create your own fatigue material.
From within Engineering Data or directly in nCode.
nCode provides many different types of fatigue material property nCode provides many different types of fatigue material property
definitions:
High cycle (Stress Life) and low cycle (Strain Life).
Standard S-N curve linear segments on log-log plot Standard S-N curve linear segments on log-log plot.
S-N mean multi-curve digitized curves at different mean stress values.
S-N R-ratio multi-curve digitized curves at different load ratios.
S N temperature dependent multi curve digitized curves at different S-N temperature-dependent multi-curve digitized curves at different
temperatures.
Custom S-N data via python programming.
Other: Haigh Bastenaire
53
Other: Haigh, Bastenaire.
nCode Fatigue Analysis
There are many other material factors that There are many other material factors that
have an effect on the life.
All of these factors are a ailable in nCode All of these factors are available in nCode:
Scale factors.
Offsets.
K f t f f t t t K-factor for surface treatment.
K-factor for surface roughness.
User-defined K-factor.
St d d d t i t f i l Standard error and certainty of survival.
Standard error describes the spread of data.
Certainty of survival describes where within
the spread the S-N data should be used in the spread the S N data should be used in
the analysis.
Default in nCode is 50% certainty of survival
probably not what you want.
54
nCode Fatigue Analysis
nCode provides several ways to define the cyclic loading fromyour FE nCode provides several ways to define the cyclic loading from your FE
results:
Can use one or more results and assume all are constant amplitude.
Provide min and max scale factors for each loading Provide min and max scale factors for each loading.
Can use two or more results to define the cycle.
For example, can use 100 DYNA result sets to define the cycle.
Can combine the FE results with test data to define the cycle. Can combine the FE results with test data to define the cycle.
Can superpose different types of loading (e.g. stress and temperature).
Can combine all types above in a duty cycle.
55
Standard nCode Fatigue Analysis
nCode provides many options and defaults to provide a comprehensive nCode provides many options and defaults to provide a comprehensive
fatigue analysis:
Stress combination and multiaxial assessment.
Rainflowcount to extract cyclic information fromcomplex loading Rainflowcount to extract cyclic information from complex loading.
Damage accumulation due to different cyclic loadings.
Mean stress correction.
Stress gradient correction at stress concentrations Stress gradient correction at stress concentrations.
Elastic-plastic correction (Neuber approach shown below).
56
Calculate life
Plug nCode into the project and calculate life fromthe submodel stress Plug nCode into the project and calculate life from the submodel stress
solution.
Highlight scoping the fatigue life calculation to a selected region.
57
Using DesignXploration
The parametric nature of the Workbench environment is ideal for The parametric nature of the Workbench environment is ideal for
automating the study of a designs sensitivity to changes in the input
variables.
Begin by dragging one of the Design Exploration tools for Direct Begin by dragging one of the Design Exploration tools for Direct
Optimization, Response Surface Optimization, or Six Sigma Analysis.
58
Consistent Mesh Sizing
Before generating the design point solution for any optimization run you Before generating the design point solution for any optimization run you
may want define a consistent mesh size for each design point.
Edit the Parameter Set and make the mesh sizing a function of the fillet
radius radius.
Below the mesh sizing is the fillet is set to the radius/8.
59
DesignXplorer Direct optimization
Newat v14 5 New at v14.5.
Set objectives and constraints and iterate towards an optimum design.
60
Response Surface and Six Sigma Analysis
Drag and drop a Six Sigma Analysis onto the project page Drag and drop a Six Sigma Analysis onto the project page.
Double click on the Design of Experiments row.
Specify the statistical distribution type and the ranges for each input
ariable (E normal distrib tion for the load magnit de variable (Ex: normal distribution for the load magnitude
61
Six Sigma Analysis Settings
Previewthe design points and update solution Preview the design points and update solution.
62
Six Sigma Analysis Settings
Return to the project and edit the Response Surface rowto viewthe Return to the project and edit the Response Surface row to view the
mapped response and local parameter sensitivity.
63
Six Sigma Analysis Settings
Return to the project and edit the Six Sigma Analysis rowto viewthe life Return to the project and edit the Six Sigma Analysis row to view the life
probability distribution.
64
Six Sigma Analysis Settings
Return to the project and edit the Six Sigma Analysis rowto viewthe life Return to the project and edit the Six Sigma Analysis row to view the life
probability distribution.
Switch to Percentile-Quantile in the probability table and enter in a value
of 9999966 (3 4 in 1 million) to determine the six sigma life number of .9999966 (3.4 in 1 million) to determine the six sigma life number.
This will return a 4.5 sigma level accounting for the 1.5 sigma shift over
time in the manufacturing process.
In this case 3 4 in 1 million parts will have a life of 4489 cycles or less In this case 3.4 in 1 million parts will have a life of 4489 cycles or less.
65
Fracture
M h i Mechanics
in Workbench
v14.5
CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. Proprietary
2012 CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. All rights reserved.
Fracture Mechanics
Fracture mechanics is an important tool of engineering analysis that: Fracture mechanics is an important tool of engineering analysis that:
Makes it possible to determine whether a crack of given length in a material of
known fracture toughness will propagate to fracture at a given stress level.
The stress at the tip of a crack is infinite based on theory of elasticity.
In fracture mechanics, the stress intensity factor, K, is calculated to determine
the behavior at the crack tip the behavior at the crack tip.
Fracture toughness, K
IC
, is a measured material property.
If K >K : The crack will propagate If K
I
> K
IC
: The crack will propagate.
67
Fracture Mechanics Analysis
Performing a fracture analysis requires: Performing a fracture analysis requires:
Including a crack in the finite element mesh.
Calculating K along crack front.
Comparingresult to material fracture toughness Comparing result to material fracture toughness.
68
Fracture Mechanics Analysis
Creating a finite element mesh with a crack can be a challenging and time- Creating a finite element mesh with a crack can be a challenging and time-
consuming effort.
In addition, it is often of interest to model various crack sizes to determine the
critical crack size and location. critical crack size and location.
Workbench v14.5 provides two options for quickly and efficiently including
a crack in the finite element model: a crack in the finite element model:
Pre-meshed crack that can be imported.
Automatic crack creation within Mechanical.
Crack definition input can be assigned as parameters in Workbench.
Can parametrically model the effect of different size and locations of cracks.
69
Fracture Mechanics Analysis
Workbench v14 5 has 3 methods available to calculate K via post- Workbench v14.5 has 3 methods available to calculate K via post-
processing:
Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) extraction.
J -Integral (J ) J -Integral (J ).
Energy release rate (G) using Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT).
70
Fracture Mechanics Analysis
Workbench uses the CINT (contour integration) approach to performthe Workbench uses the CINT (contour integration) approach to perform the
fracture post-processing calculations.
Contours are numbered outward from the crack front.
No limit on the number of contours user-controlled No limit on the number of contours user-controlled.
Radial/ring mesh is not required but usually results in more accurate solution.
For 3D models, hexahedral elements are desirable.
ANSYS performs this crack meshing automatically.
71
3D Automated Crack Procedure
The procedure to include a crack in an The procedure to include a crack in an
existing model in Workbench v14.5 includes
the following steps:
Create base mesh (no cracks) must use Create base mesh (no cracks) must use
quadratic tetrahedrons in the region where the
crack will be modeled.
Create a crack coordinate system using the hit
point method to automatically create a local
coordinate system normal to the surface.
Insert the Fracture branch into the Outline Tree,
and insert a Crack Object and insert a Crack Object.
Define the crack geometry and mesh via the
Details of the Crack Object.
72
3D Automated Crack Procedure
Automatically define the location of the crack using the hit point coordinate Automatically define the location of the crack using the hit point coordinate
approach.
Toggle on the Hit Point Coordinate button in the Graphics Toolbar.
Select a point on a surface.
Right click the Graphics windowand select Create Coordinate SystemAligned Right-click the Graphics window and select Create Coordinate System Aligned
with Hit Point.
73
3D Automated Crack Procedure
The Crack Shape is currently set to Semi-Elliptical The Crack Shape is currently set to Semi-Elliptical.
Indicate the body where the crack will be scoped.
Indicate the local crack coordinate system.
Define the crack size and shape by major and minor Define the crack size and shape by major and minor
radii.
Crack lies in X-Z plane Crack lies in X-Z plane.
Z is major direction, X is minor direction.
Y is perpendicular to crack face.
MajorRadius
MinorRadius
74
3D Automated Crack Procedure
Define mesh settings for crack Define mesh settings for crack.
Can also automatically create named selections of
crack nodes crack nodes.
For example, can create top and bottom crack face
nodes which can be used to apply pressure on the
crack faces
75
crack faces.
3D Automated Crack Procedure
Mesh crack which will eventually connect to base mesh Mesh crack which will eventually connect to base mesh.
Bonded contact used between buffer zone and base mesh.
R t ti t t l l i Run static structural analysis.
76
3D Automated Crack Procedure
Insert Fracture Tool under Solution and Insert either J -Integral or SIFS Insert Fracture Tool under Solution, and Insert either J -Integral or SIFS
Results.
VCCT is not available with the automated Crack Object since it requires linear
elements in Workbench v14.5. elements in Workbench v14.5.
77
3D Automated Crack Procedure
Graphics display and plot with contain crack front variation Graphics display and plot with contain crack front variation.
Can export results to text or XLS file.
78
Using Parameters With Crack Object
Crack input and fracture output can be defined as parameters Crack input and fracture output can be defined as parameters.
79
Using Parameters With Crack Object
Crack input and fracture output can be defined as parameters Crack input and fracture output can be defined as parameters.
80
Other New
F t i Features in
Mechanical
CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. Proprietary
2012 CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. All rights reserved.
Additional v14.5 features in WB
Tagging and filtering of the outline Tagging and filtering of the outline.
2D bolt pretension
Annotation/View Preferences
Pre-stress mode superposition transient.
82
MAPDL Updates
CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. Proprietary
2012 CAE Associates Inc. and ANSYS Inc. All rights reserved.
Results File Modifications
Element results that are written to the result file using single precision to reduce Element results that are written to the result file using single precision to reduce
the results file size which include the following:
Stresses
Strains
Nodal forces
Miscellaneous data (SMISC and NMISC), etc.
Nodal solution results such as displacements and reaction solutions (PRRSOL)
i d bl i i remain as double precision.
Result file sizes are reduced in size by up to 50 percent.
Single precision 8 significant digits with exponent range of +/-E37 when compared
to double precision 15 significant digits with exponent range of +/ E308 to double precision 15 significant digits with exponent range of +/-E308.
84
Results File Modifications
The modal results file (jobname MODE) is also smaller when the element The modal results file (jobname.MODE) is also smaller when the element
results are written during the modal expansion pass:
MXPAND nmode freqb freqe Ecalc signif MSUPke MXPAND, nmode, freqb, freqe, Ecalc, signif, MSUPkey
Elcalc = YES
Calculate element results reaction forces energies and the nodal degree of freedom solution Calculate element results, reaction forces, energies, and the nodal degree of freedom solution.
MSUPkey = YES
Write element result to the mode file for use in the expansion pass of a subsequent mode-superposition
PSD transient or harmonic analysis (default if Elcalc = YES) PSD, transient, or harmonic analysis (default if Elcalc = YES).
85
New Features/Elements
Diffusion elements Diffusion elements
New pure diffusion elements PLANE228, SOLID239 and SOLID240.
PLANE223, SOLID226, and SOLID227 coupled field elements support new surface
load of diffusion flux (DFLUX) and new body load of diffusion substance generation
(DGEN)
2.6 THOPT uses radiosity solver.
2.7.3 PCG solver supports Lagrange Multiplier Method for all MPC184
elements.
To activate this functionality, set LM_Key = ON on the PCGOPT command.
2.8.2. Support for Superelements
The use of superelements (MATRIX50) during a linear perturbation static or
modal analysis is now supported.
86
Modified Element Types
Modified Element Types Modified Element Types
Shell181- new formulation option for incorporating initial curvature effects
COMBIN14 - stiffness and damping coefficients can be function of frequency.
Useful for modeling frequency dependent material Useful for modeling frequency dependent material
LINK180 (not shown in Release Notes) real constant input replaced as follows
AREA now input using SECTYPE and SECDATA commands
ADDMASS now input via SECCONTROL command p
TENSKEY now set via KEYOPT(3) to control tension/compression behavior
See the Release notes for full details.
87
Element Manual:
Documentation change Each elements special features section in the Documentation change Each elements special features section in the
Elements Reference no longer includes any material behaviors. Under
the material properties section there is a reference to the TB command
section on Element Support for Material Models section on Element Support for Material Models
88