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Unix Sed Tutorial: Append, Insert,
Replace, and Count File Lines
by Sasikala on November 9, 2009
This article is part of the on going Unix sed
command tutorial series. In our previous articles we learned sed with single commands
printing, deletion, substitute and le write.
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1 of 13 11/28/2009 12:10 AM
Sed provides lot of commands to perform number of operations with the lines in a file.
In this article let us review how to append, insert, replace a line in a file and how to
get line numbers of a file.
Append Lines
Insert Lines
Replace Lines
Count Lines
Let us first create thegeekstuff.txt file that will be used in all the examples mentioned
below.
$cat thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin
Databases - Oracle, mySQL etc.
Security (Firewall, Network, Online Security etc)
Storage in Linux
Productivity (Too many technologies to explore, not much time available)
Windows- Sysadmin, reboot etc.
Append Lines Using Sed Command
Sed provides the command a which appends a line after every line with the address
or pattern.
Syntax:
#sed 'ADDRESS a\
Line which you want to append' filename
#sed '/PATTERN/ a\
Line which you want to append' filename
Sed Append Example 1. Add a line after the 3rd line of the file.
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2 of 13 11/28/2009 12:10 AM
Add the line Cool gadgets and websites after the 3rd line. sed a command inserts
the line after match.
$ sed '3 a\
> Cool gadgets and websites' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin
Cool gadgets and websites
Storage in Linux
Sed Append Example 2. Append a line after every line matching the
pattern
The below sed command will add the line Linux Scripting after every line that
matches the pattern Sysadmin.
$ sed '/Sysadmin/a \
> Linux Scripting' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin
Linux Scripting
Storage in Linux
Linux Scripting
Sed Append Example 3. Append a line at the end of the file
The following example, appends the line Website Design at the end of the le.
$ sed '$ a\
> Website Design' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin
Storage in Linux
Website Design
Insert Lines Using Sed Command
Sed command i is used to insert a line before every line with the range or pattern.
Syntax:
#sed 'ADDRESS i\
Line which you want to insert' filename
3 of 13 11/28/2009 12:10 AM
#sed '/PATTERN/ i\
Line which you want to insert' filename
Sed Insert Example 1. Add a line before the 4th line of the line.
Add a line Cool gadgets and websites before 4th line. a command inserts the line
after match whereas i inserts before match.
$ sed '4 i\
> Cool gadgets and websites' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin
Cool gadgets and websites
Storage in Linux
Sed Insert Example 2. Insert a line before every line with the pattern
The below sed command will add a line Linux Scripting before every line that
matches with the pattern called Sysadmin.
$ sed '/Sysadmin/i \
> Linux Scripting' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Scripting
Linux Sysadmin
Storage in Linux
Linux Scripting
Sed Insert Example 3. Insert a line before the last line of the file.
Append a line Website Design before the last line of the le.
$ sed '$ i\
> Website Design' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin
Storage in Linux
Website Design
Replace Lines Using Sed Command
c command in sed used to replace every line matches with the pattern or ranges with
4 of 13 11/28/2009 12:10 AM
the new given line.
Syntax:
#sed 'ADDRESS c\
new line' filename
#sed '/PATTERN/ c\
new line' filename
Sed Replace Example 1. Replace a first line of the file
The below command replaces the rst line of the le with the The Geek Stu.
$ sed '1 c\
> The Geek Stuff' thegeekstuff.txt
The Geek Stuff
Storage in Linux
Sed Replace Example 2. Replace a line which matches the pattern
Replace everyline which has a pattern Linux Sysadmin to Linux Sysadmin
Scripting.
$ sed '/Linux Sysadmin/c \
> Linux Sysadmin - Scripting' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin - Scripting
Storage in Linux
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Sed Replace Example 3. Replace the last line of the file
Sed command given below replaces the last line of the le with Last Line of the le.
$ sed '$ c\
> Last line of the file' thegeekstuff.txt
Linux Sysadmin
Storage in Linux
Last line of the file
Print Line Numbers Using Sed Command
= is a command in sed to print the current line number to the standard output.
Syntax:
#sed '=' filename
The above send command syntax prints line number in the first line and the original
line from the file in the next line .
sed = command accepts only one address, so if you want to print line number for a
range of lines, you must use the curly braces.
Syntax:
# sed -n '/PATTERN/,/PATTERN/ {
=
p
}' filename
Sed Line Number Example 1. Find the line number which contains
the pattern
The below sed command prints the line number for which matches with the pattern
Databases
$ sed -n '/Databases/=' thegeekstuff.txt
2
Sed Line Number Example 2. Printing Range of line numbers
Print the line numbers for the lines matches from the pattern Oracle to
Productivity.
$ sed -n '/Oracle/,/Productivity/{
> =
> p
> }' thegeekstuff.txt
6 of 13 11/28/2009 12:10 AM
2
3
4
Storage in Linux
5
Sed Line Number Example 3. Print the total number of lines in a file
Line number of the last line of the file will be the total lines in a file. Pattern $ specifies
the last line of the file.
$ sed -n '$=' thegeekstuff.txt
6
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Tags: Linux Sed Command, Sed Command, Sed Examples, Sed File Manipulation
Commands, Sed Tips and Tricks, Unix Sed Command
{ 1 trackback }
7 of 13 11/28/2009 12:10 AM
Destillat KW46-2009 | duetsch.info - GNU/Linux, Open Source, Softwareentwicklung,
Selbstmanagement, Vim ...
November 13, 2009 at 12:42 am
{ 1 comment read it below or add one }
1 linuxindetails November 12, 2009 at 3:31 am
very nice tutorial !
With Debian version of sed, you need to use the option -i to really append lines in
your le.By default, the modication appears on the standard output.
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