Example & Verification Problem-5.32

CASTeR Example & Verification Problem Manual
1

CASTeR is a Geotechnical Engineering
Software Suit developed and marketed by
Technology Development Centre, 14/5
Gariahat Road, Kolkata 700019 India.
Although every effort has been made to
ensure the accuracy of this software,
Technology Development Centre will not
accept responsibility for any mistake,
error or misrepresentation in or as a
result of the usage of this software.

CASTeR
Version 5.3
Prepared By - Technology Development Centre
14/5 Gariahat Road
Kolkata 700019
West Bengal
India
www.tdcindia.com


2
Index

Section 1
Example Problems:

1. Square Root Time Fit 4
2. Time Settlement 9
3. Mohrs Circle 15
4. Pile Capacity 20
5. Grain Size 28
6. Bearing Capacity 32
7. Settlement Analysis 36

Section 2
Verification Problems:

1. Square Root Time Fit 44
2. Time Settlement 50
3. Mohrs Circle 56
4. e logP Curve 61
5. Pile Capacity 65
6. Grain Size 72
7. Bearing Capacity 76


3

Section 1

Example Problems


4
Square Root Time Fit

Example Problem from Prnciples of Geotechnical Engineering
By Braja M. Das
Fifth Edition
Publisher: Bill Stenquist
First Reprint 2002 by Thomson Asia Pte. Ltd.
Page 308

Problem : During a laboratory consolidation test , the time and dial gauge readings
obtained from an increase in pressure on the specimen from 50 to 100 kN/m
2
are
given in the following table :

Time (min) Dial Gauge Reading
(mm)
0
3.98
0.1
4.08
0.25
4.1
0.6
4.13
1
4.17
2
4.22
4
4.3
8
4.42
16
4.57
30
4.74
60
4.92
120
5.08
240
5.21
480
5.28
960
5.33
1440
5.39

Solution :

Open CASTeR and from the Tools menu select clear screen.
Select ConfigureSq. Root Time Fit tab in the Plot Configuration Dialog box.
The dialog box with the Sq. Root Time Fit tab selected is shown below.


5

1. The No. of Plot in a Page is made to 1 as we need to draw only one plot in the
page.
2. Least Count of Dial Gauge is taken to be 0.01 mm/div as we need to enter the dial
gauge reading values and not the exact height of specimen as given in the book.
3. The Draw Graph Lines box is checked
4. The Write end Co-ord box is left unchecked.
5. Connect Points By Smooth Curve radio button is checked.
6. Connect Point By St. Line box is unchecked.
7. X axis Line Interval is made 1 Y axis Line Interval is made 0.1
8. X axis Label Interval is 2 Y axis Label Interval is made 0.1 [for proper clarity of
the plot]
9. The Dial Gauge Reading is checked for Increasing with time radio button.
10. The Input through Xcel Format option enables the user to put the input in the Xcel
table. Here this option is not enabled and the input dialog box in the ordinary
format is shown below.
11. Press OK and the dialog box is closed.


6
Select Tools Font and choose a proper Text style, colour of the text and its size.
Select Tools Lines and choose the line style and its colour.
Select Tools Graph Lines and choose the style and colour of the graph lines.
Click on the Dial Gauge vs. Time option in the Lab Test Consolidation Sq.
Root Time Fit menu and the respective dialog box opens.
The values given in the table of the given problem are inserted in the Sq. Root
Time Fit -Dial Gauge Reading vs. Time Set 1 table. The values in the Dial
Gauge Reading column in the table of the given problem are inserted under the
Compression Dial Gauge Reading(R) boxes of the table and correspondingly the
Elapsed time in the Time(t) in min. boxes as shown below. As the given problem
has only 16 sets of values, the rest of the boxes have zero input values.

Dial Gauge Reading vs. Time Dialog box for Sq.Root Time Fit


7

Press OK and the dialog box
closes.
Open the Consolidation Sq. Root Time Fit menu in the top menu bar and
select Other Data. The Other Related Data 1
st
Plot dialog box opens as shown
below.

As nothing is mentioned about the BoreHole No. , Sample No. and Depth, the default
values are accepted.
But from the given problem the value for the Initial Pressure is taken to be 50 kN/m
2

(converted through the use of F2 key)and the value for the Final Pressure is taken to
be 100 kN/m
2
.
For the Initial Height click the box and press F2 and insert the given value of 5.39
mm and in the same way insert the value of 3.98 mm in the box for Final Height.

The given problem has Double Drainage system and hence the radio button for the
Double Drainage is clicked.

Press OK and the dialog box closes.
Next Select Consolidation Sq. Root Time Fit Plot from the top menu bar and
the values are plotted on the screen as shown below.


8

Open the Consolidation Sq. Root Time Fit menu from top menu bar and select
the Extrapolatemanual and extrapolate as per the instruction that comes up on
the screen as shown. There is also the guided option to extrapolate but this has not
been used here.

The output value is given on the graph and the value of

C
v
= 0.000738 cm
2
/min
= 1.233 33 310
-5
cm
2
/ sec.


9
Time Settlement

Example Problem from Prnciples of Geotechnical Engineering
By Braja M. Das
Fifth Edition
Page 308
Problem: During a laboratory consolidation test, the time and dial gauge readings
obtained from an increase in pressure on the specimen from 50 to 100 kN/m2 are
given in the following table :

Solution :

Select ConfigureTime-Settlement tab in the Plot Configuration Dialog box.
The dialog box with the Tim
e-Settlement tab selected is shown below.

Time (min) Dial Gauge Reading
(mm)
0
3.98
0.1
4.08
0.25
4.1
0.6
4.13
1
4.17
2
4.22
4
4.3
8
4.42
16
4.57
30
4.74
60
4.92
120
5.08
240
5.21
480
5.28
960
5.33
1440
5.39


10

1. The No. of Plot in a Page is made to 1 as we need to draw only one plot in the
page.
2. Least Count of Dial Gauge is taken to be 0.01 mm/div as we need to enter the
dial gauge reading values and not the exact height of specimen as given in the
book.
5. Connect Points By Smooth Curve radio button is checked.
6. Connect Point By St. Line box is unchecked.
7. Dial Gauge axis Line Interval is made 10
8. Dial Gauge axis Label Interval is made 10 [for proper clarity of the plot]
9. The Dial Gauge Reading is checked for Increasing with time radio button.
10. The Input through Xcel Format option enables the user to put the input in the
Xcel table. Here this option is not enabled and the input dialog box in the
ordinary format is shown below.



11
Select Tools Graph Lines and choose the style and colour of the graph lines
Click on the Dial Gauge Reading option in the Lab Test Consolidation
Time-Settlement menu and the respective dialog box opens.
The values given in the table of the given problem are inserted in the Time
Settlement Dial Gauge Reading vs. Time Set 1 table. The values in the Dial
Gauge Reading column in the table of the given problem are inserted under the
Elapsed time in the Time(t) in min. boxes as shown below. As the given problem has
only 16 sets of values, the rest of the boxes have zero input values.

Dial Gauge Reading vs. Time Dialog box for Time-Settlement



12

Open the Consolidation Time Settlement menu in the top menu bar and
st
below.

As nothing is mentioned about the BoreHole No. , Sample No. and Depth, the default
But from the given problem the value for the Initial Pressure is taken to be 50 kN/m
2

(converted through the use of F2 key)and the value for the Final Pressure is taken to
be 100 kN/m
2
.
mm and in the same way insert the value of 3.98 mm in the box for Final Height.


Next Select Consolidation TimeSettlement Plot from the top menu bar and the
values are plotted on the screen as shown below.


13

Open the ConsolidationTimeSettlement menu from the top menu bar and
select the Set Corrected Zero Reading and insert the value 1 min. in the dialog
box.

Open the ConsolidationTimeSettlement menu from the top menu bar and
select the Draw 1st Tangent anual and draw the first tangent as per the
instruction that comes up on the screen as shown. There is also the guided option
to draw the tangent.


14

Similarly select ConsolidationTimeSettlementDraw 2
nd
Tangent
Manual and draw the tangent.
The output values are given on the graph and the value of
C
v
= 0.0000092 cm
2
/sec
= 9.23 33 310
-6
cm
2
/sec.


15
Mohrs Circle

Example Problem from Design Aids in SOIL MECHANICS AND
FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
BY Shenbaga R Kaniraj
Fourth reprint
Page No. 137 , Q 9.2
Published by -Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company
Limited

Data on CU test carried out on two saturated soil samples are given beow.
Determine the total and effective stress shear strength parameters.

Sample1 Sample2
Consolidation pressure (
c
) 2.75 kg/cm
2
4.25 kg/cm
2

Back pressure (u
B
)
2 kg/cm
2
2 kg/cm
2

Confining pressure (
3 )
4.75 kg/cm
2
6.25 kg/cm
2

Axial stress at failure (
1f
) 6.75 kg/cm
2
9.25 kg/cm
2

Pore water pressure at failure ( u
f
)
3.75 kg/cm
2
4.75 kg/cm
2

Calculate the required stresses and plot them on a Mohr circle diagram to obtain the
effective stress shear strength parameters for the clay.

Solution:

Effective stress parameters are given in the following table

Sample 1 Sample 2
(
3
)= 4.75-3.75 1 kg/cm
2
1.5 kg/cm
2

1
= 6.75-3.75 3 kg/cm
2
4.5 kg/cm
2

N.B - For entering the numerical values in the given units press F2 and there
will be automatic unit conversion.

Here in this problem F2 is not required as all the values are in the default unit.

Open CASTeR and from the Tools menu and select clear screen.
Select ConfigureMohr Circle tab in the Plot Configuration Dialog box and
make the proper changes.

1. The No. of Plots in aPage is made to1
2. Write End Co-ord on Graph is left unchecked
3. Draw Graph Lines is checked


16
4. Graph Line Interval is 0.5
5. Graph Label Interval is 2
6. Input Through Xcel Format is left unchecked. This option enables the user to
make inputs in the Xcel table.
7. In Plot size, Small Plot radio button is checked.

The completed Configure dialog box is shown below.

From Lab Tests Shear Strength Mohr Circle menu from the top menu bar
open the Mohr Circle Stress Values(Kg/cm
2
)-Set 1 dialog box and insert the
1

and the
3
values given in the problem (here these values are effective stress
parameters) as shown in the following figure.

It is to be noted here that the stress parameters in CASTeR are not given any
specific demarcation and hence can take both total and effective stress parameters
as per the problem.


17
Here a table has been made as shown in the beginning of the solution to show the
stress parameters at failure and these values are inserted in the dialog box as
shown.

Stress Values (Kg/cm
2
) Dialog Box for Mohr Circle

2

As two sets of values are provided in the problem the values for the other samples
are given equal to zero.
Click OK


18
Open the Shear Strength Mohr Circle menu from top main menu bar and open
the Other Data dialog box with heading Mohr Circle Other Values -Set 1
As nothing is mentioned in the problem the default values are accepted.

Click OK
Select the plot item in the Shear Strength Mohr Circle menu from the top
menu bar and the plot of the values is obtained as shown.

Open the Shear Strength Mohr Circle menu from the top menu bar and select
the Draw Tangent Manual and draw the tangent as per the instruction that
comes up on the screen as shown above.


19

The value of and C from the plot are:

= 30.29 and C = 0


20
Pile Capacity

Determine the safe load of a driven cast-in-situ pile, 40 cm in dia, 15 m long, installed
in a cohesive deposit, as shown. The cut off level is 1.5 m below ground level.

Solution:
N.B: Press F2 for insertion of numerical values in the given unit system

Open CASTeR. From the Tools menu and pick Clear Screen and refresh the
screen
Open a new .pil file
Select Configure Pile Capacity tab from the Plot Configuration Dialog box.
Dimension Positioning
Vertical Positioning is made 20
Horizontal Positioning is made 100
Separate End Bearing Value is left unchecked as no separate end bearing
value is given in the problem.
Road Level is left unchecked as no information pertaining to the road level
is mentioned in the problem.
Location for Pd
i
Calculation
Pd
i
at Layer Middle is checked since generally pile diameter value is
taken from the value at the middle of each layer when no special
instructions pertaining to this is mentioned.

The completed Dialog box is shown below.


21

Press OK and the dialog box is closed.

Open the Analysis Pile Capacity from the main menu and select Compression.
Insert Pile Dia = 40 cm,
Cut-off Level = -1.5 M,
Termination Level = -15 M
No. of Layers = 3,
Max. Depth for Overburden Pressure = 20 x Pile Dia,
GWT Level = 0,
E.G.L Level = 0,
F.O.S = 2.5
Reduction Factor () - As per me radio button is clicked
Pile type The Driven Cast In-situ radio button is clicked.


22


The Layer Details dialog box comes up next and the input is given.

Layer 1
Thickness = 2.5 ,
= 0
Average Cohesion = 50kN/m
2

= 0.9
Bulk Density = 1.80 T / m
3
,
= 0
Earth Pressure Coeff (K) = 1

Layer 2
Thickness = 10.5,
= 0
2

= 1.0
3
,
= 0

Layer 3
Thickness = 16,
= 0
2

= 0.45
3
,


23
= 0

The completed dialog box only for Layer 1 is shown below

Open the Pile Capacity from the top menu and the next item Lateral is there.
Since this problem has no lateral values the Lateral option box is not considered.
Open the Pile Capacity from the top menu and select the next item Plot .The
output is shown on the screen as given below


24

Open the Pile Capacity from the top menu and select the next item View Output.
The output is shown on the screen as given below.


25
Output from Text File:

**Sample Calculation for Reinforced Concrete Circular Pile as
per IS:2911**

Pile Dia : 0.400M
Existing Ground level : 0.000M
Existing GWT level : 0.000M
Pile Cut-Off level : -1.500M
Pile Termination level : -15.000M
For maximum overburden pressure at Pile tip 20 x dia length of pile
has been taken

****ULTIMATE END BEARING CAPACITY****

For Granular Soils
Qeg = Ap(0.5 * D * W * Nr + Pd * Nq)
where Ap = Cross sectional Area = 0.1256 Sq.M.
D = Pile Stem Dia = 0.40 M
W = Bulk Unit Wt. of soil at Pile tip =
0.80 T/Cu.M.
Nr = Bearing Capacity factor = 0.00
Pd = Effective overburden pressure at pile
tip = 6.40 T/Sq.M.
Nq = Bearing Capacity factor = 0.00

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qeg
=0.126*(0.5*0.400*0.800*0.00+6.400*0.00 )=0.00 T

For Cohesive Soils
Qec = Ap * Nc * Cp
where Ap = As defined above = 0.1256 Sq.M.
Nc = Bearing Capacity factor = 9
Cp = Average Cohesion at pile tip = 10.20
T/Sq.M.

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qec =0.126*10.196*9 =11.53 T

****Total Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qu = Qeg + Qec = 11.53 T
****

****Pd Level for this pile= -8.000 M
****
Layer No.1 Effective overburden pressure due to this layer
=0.000x1.800+2.500x(1.800-1) =2.000T/Sq.M.

=5.500x(1.800-1) =4.400T/Sq.M.

Layer No.3 No contribution from this layer
Total effective overburden pressure up to -8.000M level from
EGL=6.400T/Sq.M.


26

****ULTIMATE SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY****

For Granular Soils
Qsg = Sum[K * Pdi * tan(d) * Asi] for all layers
where K = Earth Pressure Coeff.
Pdi= Effective Overburden presure for ith
layer
d = Angle of wall friction for ith layer
Asi = Surface area of pile stem for ith
layer
Negative Skin Friction Qsg(_ve) = Sum[0.5 * K * W * Ln *
tan(d) * Asi] for all layers
W = Bulk Unit Wt. of soil
Ln = Thk. of Compressible layer
K = As defined above
d = As defined above
Asi = As defined above but with Ln

For Cohesive Soils
Qsc = Sum[a * C * As] for all layers
where a = Reduction factor
C = Average Cohesion
layer
Negative Skin Friction Qsc(_ve) = Sum[S * Asi] for all
layers
S = Shear strength

Layer no. 1:
K : 1.00 Pdi : 1.00 T/Sq.M.
tan(d) : 0.00 Asi : 1.26 Sq.M.
Qsg = K*Pdi*tan(d)*Asi =1.00*1.00*0.00*1.26 = 0.00 T
Reduction factor(a) : 0.90
Average Cohesion(C): 5.10 T/Sq.M.
Qsc = a*C*Asi =0.90*5.10*1.26 = 5.76 T
Total net skin friction of this layer =[Qsg-Qsg(_ve)]+[Qsc-Qsc(_ve)]
=[0.00-0.00]+[5.76-0.00]=5.76T/Sq.M.

Layer no. 2:
K : 1.00 Pdi : 4.20 T/Sq.M.
tan(d) : 0.00 Asi : 13.19 Sq.M.
Qsc = a*C*Asi =1.00*2.55*13.19 = 33.62 T
=[0.00-0.00]+[33.62-0.00]=33.62T/Sq.M.

Layer no. 3:
K : 1.00 Pdi : 6.40 T/Sq.M.
tan(d) : 0.00 Asi : 2.51 Sq.M.
Qsc = a*C*Asi =0.45*10.20*2.51 = 11.53 T


27
=[0.00-0.00]+[11.53-0.00]=11.53T/Sq.M.

Total Skin Friction Capacity Qus = Qsg + Qsc = 50.91 T

Total Ultimate Pile Capacity Qu = Qus + Que = 62.43 T

****Net Safe Pile Capacity Qu/FOS = 24.97 T****


28
Grain Size

Example Problem from Principles of Soil Mechanics and Foundation
Engineering
By V.N.S. Murthy
Fifth Revised Edition
Page 790
Published by: UBS Publishers Distributors Ltd.
Problem:

Observations:
The test results obtained from a sample of soil are given below.
Mass of soil taken for analysis = 300 gm

Sl. No. IS sieves (mm) % finer
1 4.75 96.22
2 2.00 66.15
3 1.00 51.33
4 0.600 36.91
5 0.425 27.54
6 0.300 22.97
7 0.15 9.33
8 0.075 4.00
9 0.00
N.B: For entering the numerical values in the given units press F2 and there
will be automatic unit conversion. Use of the unit conversion dialog box is
discussed in the operational manual.
Here in this problem F2 isnt required as all the values are in the default unit.

Solution:

Select ConfigureGrain Size tab in the Plot Configuration Dialog box and

1. No. of Curves in a Page is made to 1.
2. Connect Points by St. Line is left unchecked.
3. Connect Points by Smooth Curve is checked.
4. Draw Graph Lines is checked.
5. Write End Co-ord. On Graph is left unchecked.
6. Calculate C
c
and C
u
is checked.
8. Void Ratio Axis Line is made to 5 & Void Ratio Axis Label is made to 10.



29

From the Lab Menu Grain Size menu from top menu bar click User
Defined % Finer vs. Sieve Size and open the Finer-Size Value Set 1 dialog
box and insert the values in the table of the given problem in the %Finer and size
(mm) boxes as shown in the following figure.


30

As eight sets are available from the problem we have inserted the last set of values
in the rest of the rows of the Xcel table.
Click OK
Open the Grain Size menu from the top menu bar and select User
Defined Other Data when the dialog box with heading Finer-Size Other
Values Set 1 opens

Click OK
Select the User Defined Plot item in the Grain Size menu from the top menu
bar and the plot of the values is obtained as shown.


31

From the Plot the following values are obtained.

C
u
= 9.67
C
c
= 0.929


32
Bearing Capacity

Problem:
A rectangular foundation 2.5 m wide and 3.5 long is to be placed at a depth of 1.7 m
below ground level in a thick deposit of firm saturated clay. The water table is at 1.2
m below ground level. Determine the gross and net ultimate bearing capacities The
soil parameters are C
u
= 65 KN/ sq. m
u
= 0. Saturated density =21.5 kN/M
3

Problem as solved by CASTeR :
CASTeR is assumed to be open.
Select Clear Screen from the Tools menu to clear the existing graph / plot on
the screen if any.
Select New option from the File menu. From File New menu create a .brn
file for calculation of bearing capacity in the desired folder. File name chosen
will be reflected on the right side of the status bar at bottom.
Select the Font, Line and Graph from the Tools menu and make proper
selections. .
Select Analysis from the main menu. Select ConfigureBearing Capacity
from the top menu and choose the desired configurations as shown.
1. Analysis Method
As Per General Shear Failure is checked as the problem considers
General Shear Failure
As Per Local Shear Failure is left unchecked, as Local Shear Failure
is not considered here
Based Upon Relative Density is left unchecked
Based Upon Void Ratio is left unchecked
Based Upon Condition is left unchecked

2. User Supplied Nc, Nq , Ng is left unchecked .

The completed Configure dialog box is shown below


33

Select Analysis Bearing Capacity Shear Failure from the top menu and
select the box for General Shear Failure. The dialog box for the Shear
failure Dialog opens.
1. The dialog box opens with Ton-M as the default unit.
2. The inputs are as follows. :
3. Type of footing = Rectangular
4. From the Size of Footing insert
Depth (D
f
) = 1.7 m,
Length (L) = 3.5 m,
Width (B) = 2.5,
5. Cohesion = 65 kN/m
2
,
6. = 0,
7. Soil type = clay
8. Above Base of Footing Bulk Density = 21.5 kN/M
3

9. Below Base of Footing Bulk Density = 21.5 kN/M
3

10. F.O.S = 2.5
11. Under Levels insert


34
E.G.L = 0,
G.W.T = -1.2m

The completed General Shear dialog box is shown below.

Click OK.
Open Bearing Capacity Menu and choose View Output. The entire data of
the problem with the safe bearing capacity is shown in the output.
**Sample Calculation for Bearing capacity**

Failure Mode - General Shear

Footing Type - ISOLATED RECTANGULAR

SIZE : 3.50M x 2.50M

Depth of Foundation : 1.70M


Ground Water Table level: -1.20M

Bulk Density (W)of Soil Above Footing Base : 2.19 T/Cu.M.

Submerged Density (W')of Soil Above Footing Base : 1.19 T/Cu.M.

Bulk Density (W)of Soil Below Footing Base : 2.19 T/Cu.M.

Cohesion C : 6.63 T/Sq.M

factor of Safety : 2.50


35

Shape factor Depth Factor Inclination Factor
Sc = 1.143 Dc = 1.136 Ic = 1.000

****For General Shear Failure****

Ultimate Net B.C. = Qult_n = C*Nc*Sc*Dc*Ic
Bearing Capacity Factors
Nc = 5.14

Thus Qult_n = 44.23 T/Sq.M.
Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qall) = 17.69 T/Sq.M.


36
SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS

Example Problem from Theory and Practice of Foundation Design
By - N.N SOM and S.C. DAS
Publisher : Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd.
New Delhi - 110001
Page 159

Problem:

A 4m x 4m foundation is placed 1m below G.L in the stratified sandy deposit as
depicted in the following figure . Calculate the settlement of the foundation .

N.B In the book the size of the foundation is given as 5m x 5m which is a
printing mistake . The problem as solved in the book is with 4m x 4m and hence
we consider 4m x4m in solving the problem through CASTeR. Also note that we
have considered 5m as the total thickness for the first layer as against 6m as
shown in the figure given in the book.

Problem as solved by CASTeR

Open CASTeR and from the Tools menu select Clear Screen.
Select the Font, Line and Graph from the Tools menu and make proper selections.


37
Select Analysis from the main menu.
Select Configure Settlement tab from the Plot Configuration Dialog box .
The Dialog box with the Settlement tab put on is shown below .

Users Influence Factor - Generally CASTeR takes up the Influence Factor from
the I.S Code . But if the user has to specify a design
value of the Influence Factor , then this option can be
used .

How to Calculate Settlement-
Open a new Settlement Analysis Text File ( * .stl) from FileNew in CASTeR . The
creation of new file is very important as otherwise the calculations cannot be written
in the output.

Click on the Analysis Settlement tab from the top menu bar and from the pull-
down menu select Footing Parameters . A dialog box as shown opens and the
parameters related to Footing are inserted.


38

Click on the Settlement tab on the top menu bar and from the pull-down menu select
Soil Parameters. The Soil Parameter dialog box opens as shown and the soil
parameters pertaining to the 3 layers of soil as shown in the problem are entered. The
soil parameters as inserted for the first layer of soil is shown.

Layer 1 : Layer Thk.(M) = 5 ,
Bulk Density of Soil in this Layer ( T/M
3
)=18 kN/m
3
,
Immediate Settlement : SCPT Method ,
Static Cone Resistance(Kg./cm
2
)= 8000kN/m
2

Stress Distribution Method : 2:1 Method
P.W.P Corr. Factor = 1

3
)= 19 kN/m
3
,
Immediate Settlement : SCPT Method


39
2
)= 10000kN/m
2
,

3
)= 20 kN/m
3
,
Immediate Settlement : SCPT Method ,
2
)= 12000kN/m
2
,

N.B.-In CASTeR the F2 button is used for unit conversion. If the given values are not
in the default unit system, press F2 and the unit conversion dialog box opens which
enables the user to insert the values in the given unit system.

Click on the Settlement tab on the top menu bar and from the pull-down menu select
Calculate . CASTeR will perform the calculations based on the data supplied and it
will store it in the (.stl) text file .

Click on the Settlement tab on the main menu bar and from the pull-down menu
select View Output . The output of the calculations are shown.

** CALCULATION FOR SETTLEMENT **
Footing Size:
Breadth = 4.000 M Length = 4.000 M
Depth of footing = 1.000

Existing Ground Level = 0.000 M
Ground Water Table Level = -1.000 M


40
Applied Pressure at Footing Base = 10.190 T/Sq.M

****Parameters for Layer no. 1****
Immediate Settlement As per SCPT method. Ref.Cl.#9.1.2
IS:8009(Pt-I)
Stress Increment Method - 2:1 Slope Theory
Layer thickness = 5.000 M
Saturated Density = 1.835 T/Cu.M
Static Cone Penetration Value(Ckd) = 81.572 Kg/Sq.Cm
IS:8009(Pt-I)
IS:8009(Pt-I)
****End of Input Parameters ****
****Increment of Stresses for all layers****
Increment in Stress(2V:1H Slope) at centre of layer 1=
4.529 T/Sq/M.
1.479 T/Sq/M.
0.679 T/Sq/M.
****Effective Stresses for all all layers****
Effective Stress at centre of layer 1= 3.506 T/Sq/M.
****Layer 1 Settlement****

Immediate Settlement of this layer 1 = 9.507 mm.
Pore Water Pressure Correction Factor for layer
no. 1 = 1.000

no. 2 = 1.000



41
no. 3 = 1.000

Total Settlement of all layers below Footing base
with P.W.P correction factors= 15.722 mm.
Depth Correction factor= 0.970
Rigidity Correction factor= 0.800
**** Total Settlement of all layers below Footing base
with depth correction factor= 15.250 mm.****
**** Total Settlement of all layers below Footing base
with rigidity factor= 12.200 mm.****


42
NOTE

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43

Section 2
(Verification Problem)


44
Square Root Time Fit

Verification Problem from Soil Mechanics and Foundations
By Dr. B.C. Punmia
Publisher: Standard Book House
1705 A, Nai Sarak, Delhi 6
Fifth Edition: Feb 1979
Page 360

Problem: TO DETERMINE THE COEFFICIENT OF
CONSOLIDATION(C
v
)
(Method suggested by Taylor)
Data obtained from test is as follows.
Pressure Range: 1 kg/cm
2
to 2 kg/cm
2

Initial Height of specimen (under pressure of 1 kg/cm
2
) = 17.38 mm
Final Height of specimen (under pressure of 2 kg /cm
2
) = 16.11 mm

Elapsed Time t (min) Dial Reading R (10
-2
mm)
0 340
0.25 360
1 370
2.25 378
4 386
6.25 394
9 402
12.25 410
16 416
20.25 422
25 426
36 434
49 440
60 445
120 454
180 456
300 459
480 462
1440 467


45
Solution:
Select Configure menuSq. Root Time Fit tab in the Plot
Configuration dialog box. The dialog box with the Sq. Root Time Fit tab
put on is shown below.

1. The No. of Plots in a Page is made to 1 as we need to draw only one plot in the
page.
2. Least Count of dial gauge is kept to 0.002 mm/div (this value has no implication
and hence the default value is accepted.)
5. The Connect Points by Smooth Curves box is checked.
6. The Connect Points by St. Line box is left unchecked.
7. X axis Line Interval is made 1 Y axis Line Interval is made 0.1
8. X axis Label Interval is 2 Y axis Label Interval is made 0.1 [for proper clarity of
the plot]
9. The Dial Gauge Reading is checked for Increasing with time....


46
table. Here this option is not enabled and the input dialog box in the ordinary
format is shown below.

Click on the Dial Gauge vs. Time option in the Lab tests Consolidation .Sq.
Root Time Fit menu and the respective dialog box opens.
The values given in the table of the given problem are inserted in the Sq. Root
Time Fit-Dial Gauge Reading vs. Time Set 1 table: The values in the Dial
Reading R column in the table of the given problem are inserted under the
Elapsed time in the Time(t) in min boxes as shown below. As only 19 sets of data
are provided in the given problem, the rest of the boxes in the dialog box are given
input of zero values.



47

Open the Consolidation Sq. Root Time Fit menu from the top menu bar and
st
below.

As nothing is mentioned about the BoreHole No., Sample No. and the Depth the
default values are accepted.
But from the given problem the value for the Initial Pressure is taken to be 1 Kg/cm
2
and the value for the Final Pressure is taken to be 2 Kg/cm
2
.
mm and in the same way insert the value of 16.11mm in the box for Final Height.



48
Next Select Plot in the Consolidation Sq. Root Time Fit from the top menu
bar and the values are plotted on the screen as shown below.

Open the Consolidation Sq. Root Time Fit menu from the top menu bar and
select the Extrapolate anual and extrapolate as per the instruction that comes
up on the screen as shown. There is also the guided option to extrapolate but this
has not been used here.
Please note that to compare with the curve given in the book and as shown above
you will have to enter only 14 sets of values from the starting i.e. data set for 15
th

to 19
th
are to be put as zero.

C
v
= 0.021310sq. cm
2
/min
= 3.56 x 10
-4
cm
2
/sec.


49
Verification:
Remarks
From
Book
3.94 x 10
-4

cm
2
/ sec
From
CASTeR
3.56 x 10
-4
cm
2
/ sec
Difference 0.38 10
-4
cm
2
/ sec
This difference is due to lack of expertise in doing
the extrapolation, higher the expertise, lower will
be the difference.


50
Time Settlement

Verification Problem from Soil Mechanics and Foundations by Dr. B.C. Punmia
Publisher: Standard Book House
1705 A, Nai Sarak, Delhi 6
Fifth Edition: Feb 1979
Page 360

Problem: TO DETERMINE THE COEFFICIENT OF
CONSOLIDATION(C
v
)
(Method suggested by Casagrande)
Data obtained from test is as follows.
Pressure Range: 1 kg/cm
2
to 2 kg/cm
2

Initial Height of specimen (under pressure of 1 kg/cm
2
) = 17.38 mm
Final Height of specimen (under pressure of 2 kg /cm
2
) = 16.11 mm

Elapsed Time t (min) Dial Reading R (10
-2
mm)
0 340
0.25 360
1 370
2.25 378
4 386
6.25 394
9 402
12.25 410
16 416
20.25 422
25 426
36 434
49 440
60 445
120 454
180 456
300 459
480 462
1440 467

Solution:

Select ConfigureTimeSettlement tab from the Plot Configuration Dialog
box The Dialog box with the TimeSettlement tab put on is shown below.


51

1. The No. of Plots in a Page is made to 1 as we need to draw only one plot in the
page.
2. Least Count of Dial Gauge is kept to 0.002 mm/div ( as shown in the table, but
this has no implication and hence the default value is accepted. )
5. The Connect Points By Smooth Curve box is checked.
6. The Connect Points By St. Line box is left unchecked.
7. Dial Gauge axis Line Interval is made 50
8. Dial Gauge axis Label Interval is made 50 [ for proper clarity of the plot ]
9. The Dial Gauge Reading is checked for Increasing with time.
table but the use of this option is not shown in this problem. Hence this option is
not enabled and the input dialog box in the ordinary format is shown below.


52
Click on the Dial Gauge Reading option on Lab Tests Consolidation
TimeSettlement from top menu and the respective dialog box opens.
The values given in the table of the given problem are inserted in the Time-
Settlement Dial Gauge Reading vs. Time Set 1 dialog box table. The values in
the Dial Reading R column in the table of the given problem are inserted under
the Compression Dial Gauge Reading (R) boxes of the table and correspondingly
the Elapsed time in the Time(t) in min boxes as shown below. As only 19 sets of
data are provided in the given problem, the rest of the boxes in the dialog box are
given input of zero values.



53


Open the Consolidation TimeSettlement from the top menu bar and select
Other Data. The Other Related Data 1
st
Plot dialog box opens as shown below.

As nothing is mentioned about the BoreHole No., Sample No. and the Depth, default
But from the given problem the value for the Initial Pressure is taken to be 1 Kg/cm
2
and the value for the Final Pressure is taken to be 2 kg/cm
2
.

mm and click on ACCEPT button and in the same way insert the value of 16.11mm
in the box for Final Height.


54

Next Select Consolidation TimeSettlement Plot and the values are plotted
on the screen as shown below.

Open the Consolidation TimeSettlement from the top menu bar and select
the Set Corrected Zero Reading and insert the value 1 min. in the Parabola
Starting Pt. Selection-1
st
Plot dialog box.

Open the Consolidation TimeSettlement menu from the top menu bar and
select the Draw 1st Tangent anual and draw the first tangent as per the
instruction that comes up on the screen as shown. There is also the guided option
to draw the tangent but this has not been used here. Here the top tangent is drawn
as the first tangent.


55

Similarly select Consolidation TimeSettlement Draw 2nd Tangent
Manual and draw the tangent at the bottom part of the plotted curve.
Cv = 0.0002723 cm
2
/sec.

Verification:

Remarks
From
Book
2.71 x 10
-4
cm
2
/ sec
From
CASTeR
2.723 x 10
-4
cm
2
/ sec
Difference 0.01 x 10
-4
cm
2
/ sec
This difference is due to lack of expertise in
drawing the tangents. Higher the expertise, lower
will be the difference.


56
Mohrs Circle

Verification Problem from Soil Mechanics: Principles And Practice
By Graham Barnes
Second Edition, Page No. - 214
Worked example - 7.4
Published by -
Problem: TO FIND THE SHEAR PARAMETERS FROM
TEST OF TRIAXIAL TEST.
The results of a consolidated Undrained triaxial compression test on a sample
of fully saturated clay are given below. Each specimen has been consolidated
to a back pressure of 200 kN/m
2
.

Parameter (kN/m
2
) Specimen 1 Specimen2 Specimen 3
Cell pressure 300 400 600
Pore pressure at failure 146 206 280

Calculate the required stresses and plot them on a Mohr circle diagram to obtain the
effective stress shear strength parameters for the clay.

Solution:

At failure: The parameters are given in the following table

Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3

3
300 400 600
Uf 146 206 280

1
-
3
326 416 635

1
626 816 1235
`
1
480 610 955
`
3
154 194 320

: N.B - For entering the numerical values in the given units press F2 and there
will be automatic unit conversion.

Select Configure Mohr Circle tab in the Plot Configuration dialog box and

1. The No. of Plots in a Page is made to 1
2. Write End Co-ord on Graph is left unchecked
4. Graph Line Interval is 1
5. Graph Label Interval is 1


57
6. Input through Xcel Format is left unchecked. This option enables the user to make
inputs in the Xcel table.
7. In Plot Size, Small Plot is checked.


From the Lab Tests Shear Strength Mohr Circle from the top menu bar
open the Stress dialog box and insert the
1
and the
3
values as shown in the
following figure.

It is to be noted here that the stress parameters in CASTeR are not given any
specific demarcation and hence can be both total or effective stress parameters as
per the problem.
Here a table has been made as shown in the beginning of the solution to show the
stress parameters at failure and these values are inserted in the dialog box as
shown.


58

2

2

As three sets of values are provided in the problem the values for the other
samples are given zero.
Click OK
Open the Shear Strength Mohr Circle from the top menu bar and open the
Other Data dialog box.


59

Click OK
Select the Plot item in the Shear Strength Mohr Circle from the top menu bar
and the plot of the values is obtained as shown.

Open the Shear Strength Mohr Circle from the top menu bar and select the
Draw Tangent Manual and draw the tangent as per the instruction that comes
up on the screen as shown.


60
The value of and c from the plot are:
= 28.76 and c = 0.146 kg/cm2 = 14.6 kN/m
2

Verification:

Remarks
From Book
28.5
15 kN/m
2

From
CASTeR
28.76
14.6 kN/m
2

Difference 0.26 0.4
This difference is due to lack
of expertise in drawing the
tangent, higher the expertise,
the lower the difference.


61
e logP Curve

Verification Problem from Problems in Soil Mechanics
By B. P Verma
Seventh Edition
Page 82, Problem No. 4.13
Published By: Khanna Publishers,
2-B Nath Market,
Nai Sarak,
Delhi 110006
Page 82
Problem: TO FIND COMPRESSION INDEX Cc
In a consolidation test on undisturbed clay specimen, the following results were
tabulated.
Pr. Kg / cm2 Void Ratio
0.2 0.953
0.4 0.948
0.8 0.938
1.6 0.92
3.2 0.878
6.4 0.789
12.8 0.691
3.2 0.719
0.8 0.754
0.2 0.791
0.0 0.890

Plot these results and draw the compression curve.

Solution:
N.B - For entering the numerical values in the given units press F2 and there will
be automatic unit conversion.
Select Configure eLogP tab in the Plot Configuration Dialog box and make
the proper changes.

1. The No. of Curves in a Page is made to 1.
2. Connect Points is checked
4. Void Ratio Axis Line Interval is made 0.025
5. Void Ratio Axis Label Interval is made 0.025
6. Dial Gauge Least Count is made 0.001 cm/div
7. Dial Gauge Reading is made Increasing with Pressure.
8. Dry Weight Method of M
v
Calculation is checked.



62

Select Consolidation e-LogP e & p Values menu and open the corresponding
Void Ratio & Pressure Value Set 1 dialog box and insert the e (void ratio) and
the p (pressure) values as shown in the following figure.


63

The initial void ratio e
0
is = 0.975 (Since nothing is mentioned about the initial
void ratio we have assumed e
0 =
0.975
The final e
1
p
1
and the final e
2
p
2
values are two sets of void ratio and pressure
values during release of pressure. Here in the problem 4 sets of values during
release of pressure are given. But as CASTeR has the provision of accepting only
two sets of values during release of pressure, we have selected the following value
e
1
= 0.719 p
1
= 0.2 kg /cm
2
& e
2
= 0.791

p
2
= 0.2kg/cm
2

Click OK
The next dialog box Other Data comes either from the Consolidation e-LogP
from the top main bar or from the menu that comes up by right clicking the
mouse. As nothing is mentioned in the problem the default values are accepted.

Click OK
Select the Plot item in the Consolidation e-LogP menu and the plot of the
values is obtained
We have a provision in CASTeR of intelligent scaling by which the scale is fixed
according to the values provided by the user. Since the plot obtained by the


64
default scale is not very clear we select the Intelligent Scale from Tools
menu(refer to the manual) and a clear picture of the plot is obtained as shown
below.

Select the Consolidation e-LogP Draw Tangent for C
c

and draw the tangent at the lower straight part of the curve by reading the
CASTeR INSTRUCTION NOTICE as shown below. The final tangent gives the
value of C
c
= 0.327676

Verification:

Cc
Remarks
From Book 0.325
From
CASTeR
0.328
Difference 0.00267
This difference is due to lack of expertise in
drawing the tangent. Higher the expertise, the
lower will be the difference.


65
Pile Capacity

Verification Problem From Design Aids in SOIL MECHANICS AND
FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
By Shenbaga R Kaniraj
Fourth reprint, Page No. 443, Q 15.2
Published By -Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Limited
Problem:
Determine the ultimate load capacity of a driven circular pipe pile. The following are
the pile and soil data. D= 45cm, L= 22m, C
u
= 0.4 kg/cm
2
,
u
= 0 ,
sat
= 1.85T/m
2
.
The soil is deep homogeneous clay and the groundwater is at the level of the ground
surface.

Solution:
N.B: Press F2 for insertion of numerical values in the given unit system

Open CASTeR. From the Tools menu and pick Clear Screen and refresh the
screen
Open a new file from FileNew with File type *.PIL
Select ConfigurePile Capacity tab in the Plot Configuration Dialog box.

Dimension Positioning
Vertical Positioning is made 20
Horizontal Positioning is made 100
Separate End Bearing Value is left unchecked as no separate end bearing
value is given in the problem.
Road Level is left unchecked as no information pertaining to the road level is
mentioned in the problem, though it has got no implication in the calculation..
Location for Pd
i
Calculation
Pd
i
at Layer Middle is checked no special instructions pertaining to
this is mentioned.
The completed Dialog box is shown below.


66

Press OK and the dialog box is closed

Open the Analysis Pile Capacity from the main menu and select Compression.
Insert Pile Dia = 45 cm,
Cut-off Level = -1.5 M,
Termination Level = -22 M, No. of Layers = 1 ,
Max. Depth for Overburden Pressure = 25 * Pile Dia,
GWT Level = 0,
E.G.L Level = 0,
F.O.S = 2.5,
Reduction Factor - As per me radio button is clicked since the factors used
in the book are to be entered.
Pile Type The Driven Cast In-Situ radio button is clicked.


67


The Layer Details for Pile dialog box comes up next and the input is given.
Thickness = 25,
= 0,
Average Cohesion = 0.4 kg / cm
2
,
= 1,
3
,
= 0,

The completed dialog box is shown below


68

Open the Pile Capacity from the top menu and select the next item Plot. The
output is shown on the screen as given below

Open the Pile Capacity from the top menu and select the next item View Output.
The output is shown on the screen as given below

Output from Text File:-
**Sample Calculation for Reinforced Concrete Circular Pile as
per IS:2911**

Pile Dia : 0.450M
Existing GWT level : 0.000M
Pile Cut-Off level : -1.500M
Pile Termination level : -22.000M


69
For maximum overburden pressure at Pile tip 14 x dia length of pile
has been taken

****ULTIMATE END BEARING CAPACITY****

For Granular Soils
Qeg = Ap(0.5 * D * W * Nr + Pd * Nq)
where Ap = Cross sectional Area = 0.1590 Sq.M.
D = Pile Stem Dia = 0.45 M
W = Bulk Unit Wt. of soil at Pile tip =
0.85 T/Cu.M.
Nr = Bearing Capacity factor = 0.00
Pd = Effective overburden pressure at pile
tip = 5.36 T/Sq.M.
Nq = Bearing Capacity factor = 0.00

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qeg
=0.159*(0.5*0.450*0.850*0.00+5.355*0.00 )=0.00 T

For Cohesive Soils
Qec = Ap * Nc * Cp
where Ap = As defined above = 0.1590 Sq.M.
Nc = Bearing Capacity factor = 9
Cp = Average Cohesion at pile tip = 4.00
T/Sq.M.

Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qec =0.159*4.000*9 =5.72 T

****Total Ultimate End Bearing Capacity Qu = Qeg + Qec = 5.72 T
****

****Pd Level for this pile= -6.300 M
****
=0.000x1.850+6.300x(1.850-1) =5.355T/Sq.M.
Total effective overburden pressure up to -6.300M level from
EGL=5.355T/Sq.M.

****ULTIMATE SKIN FRICTION CAPACITY****

For Granular Soils
Qsg = Sum[K * Pdi * tan(d) * Asi] for all layers
where K = Earth Pressure Coeff.
Pdi= Effective Overburden presure for ith
layer
d = Angle of wall friction for ith layer
layer
Negative Skin Friction Qsg(_ve) = Sum[0.5 * K * W * Ln *
tan(d) * Asi] for all layers
W = Bulk Unit Wt. of soil
Ln = Thk. of Compressible layer
K = As defined above
d = As defined above


70

For Cohesive Soils
Qsc = Sum[a * C * As] for all layers
where a = Reduction factor
C = Average Cohesion
layer
Negative Skin Friction Qsc(_ve) = Sum[S * Asi] for all
layers
S = Shear strength

Layer no. 1:
K : 1.00 Pdi : 2.68
T/Sq.M. tan(d) : 0.00 Asi :
31.09 Sq.M.
Qsg = K*Pdi*tan(d)*Asi =1.00*2.68*0.00*31.09 =
0.00 T
Reduction factor(a) : 1.00 Average
Cohesion(C): 4.00 T/Sq.M.
Qsc = a*C*Asi =1.00*4.00*31.09 = 124.34 T
Total net skin friction of this layer =[Qsg-
Qsg(_ve)]+[Qsc-Qsc(_ve)]
=[0.00-0.00]+[124.34-0.00]=124.34T/Sq.M.

Total Skin Friction Capacity Qus = Qsg + Qsc = 124.34 T

Total Ultimate Pile Capacity Qu = Qus + Que = 130.07 T

****Net Ultimate Pile Capacity Qu/FOS = 52.03 T****

Verification:

Here L / D = 22 / 0.45 = 48.89
Using alpha method:

C
u
= 0.4 kg / cm
2
( = 4 T/m
2
) , is medium clay.
The Adhesion factor for driven piles in clay (After Tomlinson, 1970)
For piles driven through clay without any overlying strata = 1.0 for stiff clay
Therefore for medium clay also alpha = 1.0 is more appropriate.

The total skin friction load on the pile
Q
su
= summation through 0 to L of (perimeter of pile x skin friction resistance)
= x 0.45 x 22 x 1 x 4
= 124 kg/cm
2

The ultimate point load of piles into clays is given by
Q
pu
= Undrained cohesion of soil at the pile base x bearing capacity factor x area base
= 4 x 9 x x 0.45 x 0.45 /4 = 6 T
Therefore Qu = 124T + 6 T = 130 T


71

Q
u

Remarks
From
Book
130. T
From
CASTeR
130.07 T
Difference 0.07 T
This difference is due to the high precision used in
the computation within CASTeR.


72

Grain Size

Verification Problem from Principles of Geotechnical Engineering
By Braja M. Das
Fifth Edition
Page 38

Following are the results of a sieve analysis. Make the necessary calculations and
draw a particle size distribution curve.

U.S. sieve Opening ( mm) Percent finer
4 4.75 100
10 2.00 94.5
20 0.850 86.3
40 0.425 74.1
60 0.25 54.9
80 0.18 38.1
100 0.15 9.3
200 0.075 1.7
Pan - 0

solution:

.B - For entering the numerical values in the given units press F2 and there will
be automatic unit conversion. Use of the unit conversion dialog box is discussed in
the operational manual.
Here in this problem F2 isnt required as all the values are in the default unit.

From the Tools menu select clear screen.
Select ConfigureGrain Size tab in the Plot Configuration Dialog box and

1. No. of Curves in a Page is made to1
2. Connect Points by Smooth Curve is checked
3. Connect Points by St. Line is left unchecked
5. Write End Co-ord. On Graph is left unchecked
6. Calculate C
c
and C
u
is checked
7. % Finer axis Line is made to 5.
8. % Finer axis Label is made to 5.


73

From the Lab Tests Grain Size User Defined from the top menu bar select
% finer vs. Sieve Size option and insert the values in the table of the given
problem in the %Fine and size (mm) boxes as shown in the following figure.


74

As eight sets are available from the problem we have inserted the last set of values
in the rest of the rows of the Xcel table.
Click OK
Open the Grain Size User Defined menu in the main menu bar and open the
other data dialog box.

Click OK
Select the Plot item in the Grain Size User Defined from the top menu bar and
the plot of the values is obtained as shown.


75

From the Plot the following values are obtained
C
u
= 1.910
C
c
= 0.67
Verification:

Cc Cu Remarks
From Book 0.71 1.8
From CASTeR 0.67 1.910
Difference 0.04 0.11
This difference is due to high precision used in
the calculations and plotting within CASTeR
where as in the book there is a high percentage of
approximation in decimal digits in plotting and
calculations.


76
Bearing Capacity

Verification problem From TheTheory and Practice of Foundation
Design
By N.N Som and S.C Das
Publisher: Prentice Hall of India Private
Limited
ISBN 81 203 2190-1
Page- 135

Problem: A rectangular footing with a plan area of 1.4 m x 2 m is to be placed at
a depth of 2 m below the ground surface. The footing would be
subjected to a load inclined at 10 To the vertical. The subsoil is
clayey, sandy silt with saturated unit weight of 18 kN/M
3
, and c = 10
kN/M
2
and = 30. Assuming the rate of loading is such that drained
condition prevails, compute the magnitude of load the footing can
carry if the water table is at the base of the footing. Fs = 3

Solution:

CASTeR is assumed to be open.
Select Clear Screen from the Tools menu to clear the existing graph / plot on
the screen if any.
Select New option from the File menu. In the FileNew box create a .brn
file for calculation of bearing capacity in the desired folder. File name chosen
will be reflected on the right side of the status bar at bottom of your screen.
Select ConfigureBearing Capacity from the top menu and choose the
desired configurations as shown.
1. Analysis Method
As Per General Shear Failure is checked as the problem considers
General Shear Failure
As Per Local Shear Failure is left unchecked, as Local Shear Failure
is not considered here
Based Upon Relative Density is left unchecked
Based Upon Void Ratio is left unchecked
Based Upon Condition is left unchecked

2. User Supplied N
C,
N
q
, N
g
is left unchecked.

The completed Configure dialog box is shown below


77

2. Select Analysis Bearing Capacity from the top menu and select Shear Failure.
The dialog box for the general shears failure analysis opens. The dialog box opens
with Ton_M as the default unit. The inputs are as follows. :
Type of footing = Rectangular
From the size of footing insert
Depth (D
f
) = 2 m,
Length (L) = 2 m,
Width (B) = 1.4,
Cohesion = 10 kN/m
2

= 10
= 30
Soil type = other (because it is neither clay nor sand but c- soil)
Above Footing Base Bulk Density = 18 kN/M
3

Below Footing Base Bulk Density = 18 kN/M
3

F.O.S = 3
Under Levels insert
E.G.L = 0 ,


78
G.W.T = -2m
Under Layer choose the radio button Single Layer.

The completed Shear Failure Dialog box is shown below.

3. Click OK
4. Open Bearing Capacity Menu and choose View Output. The entire data of the
problem with the safe bearing capacity is shown in the output.

**Sample Calculation for Bearing capacity**

Failure Mode - General Shear

Footing Type - ISOLATED RECTANGULAR

SIZE : 2.00M x 1.40M

Depth of Foundation : 2.00M


Ground Water Table level: -2.00M

Bulk Density (W)of Soil Above Footing Base : 1.84 T/Cu.M.

Bulk Density (W)of Soil Below Footing Base : 1.84 T/Cu.M.


79
Cohesion C : 1.02 T/Sq.M

Inclination Angle of Load with vertical : 10.00

factor of Safety : 3.00

Shape factor Depth Factor Inclination Factor
Sc = 1.140 Dc = 1.495 Ic = 0.790
Sq = 1.140 Dq = 1.247 Iq = 0.790
Sg = 0.720 Dg = 1.247 Ig = 0.444

Water Table Correction Factor w' = 0.50

Effective surcharge at base level q = 3.67 T/Sq.M.

****For General Shear Failure****

Ultimate Net B.C. = Qult_n = C*Nc*Sc*Dc*Ic + q*(Nq-1)*Sq*Dq*Iq +
0.5*B*W*Ng*Sg*Dg*Ig*W'
Angle of Internal Friction(phai) : 30.00

Bearing Capacity Factors
Nc = 30.16
Nq = 18.41
Ng = 22.42

Thus Qult_n = 118.99 T/Sq.M.
Allowable Bearing Capacity (Qall) = 39.66 T/Sq.M.

Verification:

5. Open Bearing Capacity Menu and choose Range. The respective dialog box
opens. The following inputs are made.

Min Width is made 0.75
Max Width is made 2.5
Step is made 0.5
Min Length is made 0.75
Max Length is made 0.75
Step is made 0.5
The completed Range dialog box is shown below.

(q
net
)safe Qult Remarks
From
Book
380 kN/M
2

1166.8
kN/M
2

From
CASTeR
39.66T/M
2

118.99kT/M
2

Difference 2.38% 0.042%
This difference is due to high
precision used in the calculations
within CASTeR where as in the
book there is a high percentage of
approximation in decimal digits
in plotting and calculations.


80

The final output with the bearing capacity calculations as well as the table showing
the stresses for the given Range of values is shown. From this table we can adjust the
size of the footing to bear safe stress.

P.S It is to be noted that the safe load obtained from the Bearing Capacity calculations
as done by CASTeR should be checked against safe settlement calculations and only
then the final safe load could be decided upon.

N.B: The variation in the values with the calculated values is due to the high precision
used in CASTeR


81
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Example & Verification Problem-5.32

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