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Cystic fibrosis patients have difficulty maintaining body mass and absorbing nutrients due to pancreatic enzymes not being properly released into the small intestine. Pancreatic enzymes help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids ingested in food. People with cystic fibrosis have blocked pancreatic ducts due to thick mucus, resulting in a lower concentration of enzymes reaching the small intestine and reducing the rate of digestion. As a result, nutrients cannot be properly absorbed, energy is lost, and a condition called malabsorption syndrome can occur.
Cystic fibrosis patients have difficulty maintaining body mass and absorbing nutrients due to pancreatic enzymes not being properly released into the small intestine. Pancreatic enzymes help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids ingested in food. People with cystic fibrosis have blocked pancreatic ducts due to thick mucus, resulting in a lower concentration of enzymes reaching the small intestine and reducing the rate of digestion. As a result, nutrients cannot be properly absorbed, energy is lost, and a condition called malabsorption syndrome can occur.
Cystic fibrosis patients have difficulty maintaining body mass and absorbing nutrients due to pancreatic enzymes not being properly released into the small intestine. Pancreatic enzymes help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids ingested in food. People with cystic fibrosis have blocked pancreatic ducts due to thick mucus, resulting in a lower concentration of enzymes reaching the small intestine and reducing the rate of digestion. As a result, nutrients cannot be properly absorbed, energy is lost, and a condition called malabsorption syndrome can occur.
Cystic Fibrosis sufferers have difficulty at maintaining body mass. They have high basal metabolic rates. They require 120-140% of the daily intake People with CF may take supplement with enzymes to help break down the food.
The breaking down of food and absorption of nutrients occurs mostly in the small intestine. Glands secrete digestive enzymes that act as catalysts to speed up food breakdown. A wide range of enzymes are produced by exocrine glands outside the gut and into the membranes of the gut wall.
Pancreatic cells produce enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. This enzymes are delivered to the gut in pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct People with CF have pancreatic ducts blocked with sticky mucus. The lower concentration of enzymes in the small intestine reduces the rate of digestion. Nutrients cant be properly absorbed and energy is lost in the faeces Malabsorption syndrome Enzymes trapped in the duct damage the pancreas Hormone insulin produced in the pancreas stops controlling blood sugar levels and can lead to a form of Diabetes What are they? : Enzymes are globular proteins that act as biological catalysts- speed up chemical reactions. They have a three-dimensional shape of a protein molecule with a depression on the surface called active site. Either a single molecule with a complementary shape or more than two molecules that together have a complementary shape can fit in the active site. - Substrates bond to the amino acids to form an Enzyme-substrate complex. The active site is flexible- when a substrate enters it, the enzyme molecule changes shape to fit more closely around the substrate = Induced fit theory of enzyme action. Properties of Enzymes: They are mostly proteins They generally work rapidly They are not destroyed by reactions which they catalysecan be recycled. They are inactivated by high temperatures They are sensitive to pH They are specific for specific reactions. How enzymes probably work: Enzymes are globular proteins. Their shapes depend on the order of their amino acids. The Active site provides a platform for reactants or substrates which have the exact shape. The enzymes together with the substrates are known as the Enzyme-substrate complex. A reaction between the substrates occurs thanks to the enzyme- less energy is required for the reaction. Enzymes + substrates= lock and key model After the reaction, the substrates dont fit and are released- this is the product. Synthesis reactions are those which bring substrates together to produce a complex product. Degradation reactions are those which break down the active site in to two or more products.