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Fuzzy Systems : Soft Computing Course Lecture 35 36, notes, slides
www.myreaders.info/ , RC Chakraborty, e-mail rcchak@gmail.com , Aug. 10, 2010
http://www.myreaders.info/html/soft_computing.html
Fuzzy Systems
Soft Computing
www.myreaders.info
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Fuzzy systems, topics : Introduction, fuzzy logic, fuzzy system
elements - input vector, fuzzification, fuzzy rule base, membership
function, fuzzy inferencing, defuzzyfication, and output vector.
Classical Logic - statement, symbols, tautology, membership
functions from facts, modus ponens and modus tollens; Fuzzy
logic - proposition, connectives, quantifiers. Fuzzification, Fuzzy
inference - approximate reasoning, generalized modus ponens
(GMP), generalized modus tollens (GMT). Fuzzy rule based
system example; Defuzzification - centroid method.
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Fuzzy Systems
Soft Computing
Topics
(Lectures 35, 36 2 hours)
Slides
1. Introduction
Fuzzy Systems : Fuzzy logic and Fuzzy set theory; Fuzzy system
elements : Input vector, Fuzzification, Fuzzy Rule Base, Membership
function, Fuzzy Inferencing, Defuzzyfication, Output vector.
03-05
2. Fuzzy Logic
Definition of FL ; Classical Logic : Statement, Symbols, Tautology,
Membership functions from facts, Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens;
Fuzzy logic : Proposition, Connectives, Quantifiers.
06-19
3. Fuzzification
Examples : car speed
22
4. Fuzzy Inference
Approximate reasoning; Generalized Modus Ponens (GMP);
Generalized Modus Tollens (GMT) ;
23-27
5. Fuzzy Rule Based System
Example
28
6. Defuzzification
Centroid method.
29
7. References
30
02
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Fuzzy Systems
What are Fuzzy Systems ?
Fuzzy Systems include Fuzzy Logic and Fuzzy Set Theory.
Knowledge exists in two distinct forms :
the Objective knowledge that exists in mathematical form is used in
engineering problems; and
the Subjective knowledge that exists in linguistic form, usually
impossible to quantify.
Fuzzy Logic can coordinate these two forms of knowledge in a logical way.
Fuzzy Systems can handle simultaneously the numerical data and
linguistic knowledge.
Fuzzy Systems provide opportunities for modeling of conditions which
are inherently imprecisely defined.
Many real world problems have been modeled, simulated, and
replicated with the help of fuzzy systems.
The applications of Fuzzy Systems are many like : Information retrieval
systems, Navigation system, and Robot vision.
Expert Systems design have become easy because their domains are
inherently fuzzy and can now be handled better;
examples : Decision-support systems, Financial planners, Diagnostic
system, and Meteorological system.
03
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if and only if "p and q are either both true
or both false"
08
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)
=
p, q, r a, b, c
11
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p
(x)
q
(y) 1 -
p
(x) 1 -
q
(y)
max [ 1 -
p
(x) ,
q
(y)]
1 min [
p
(x) ,
1 -
q
(y)]
1 1
0 0 1 1
1 0
0 1 0 0
0 1
1 0 1 1
0 0
1 1 1 1
Note :
1. Entries in last two columns of this table-2 agrees with the entries in
table-1 for pq , the proof of tautologies, read T as 1 and F as 0.
2. The implication membership functions of Eq.1 and Eq.2 are not
the only ones that give agreement with pq. The others are :
pq
(x , y) = 1 -
p
(x) (1 -
q
(y)) Eq (3)
pq
(x , y) = min [ 1, 1 -
p
(x) +
q
(y)] Eq (4)
12
q
p
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B
= min [
A
(x) ,
B
(x) ] , x X (Eq. 01)
03
Fuzzy Intersection operator ( AND connective ) applied to two fuzzy sets A
and B with the membership functions
A
(x) and
B
(x) based on algebraic
product is
A
B
=
A
(x)
B
(x) , x X (Eq. 02)
04 Fuzzy Union operator U ( OR connective ) applied to two fuzzy sets A and B
with the membership functions
A
(x) and
B
(x) based on min/max
operations is
A
U B
= max [
A
(x) ,
B
(x) ] , x X (Eq. 03)
05
Fuzzy Union operator U ( OR connective ) applied to two fuzzy sets A and B
with the membership functions
A
(x) and
B
(x) based on algebraic sum is
A
U B
=
A
(x) +
B
(x) -
A
(x)
B
(x) , x X (Eq. 04)
06
Fuzzy Compliment operator (
R(x,y)
= min[
A
(x),
B
(y)] (Eq. 06) or
R(x,y)
=
A
(x)
B
(y) (Eq. 07)
Example : Relation R between fruit colour x
and maturity grade y characterized by base set
Y
x
V h-m m
G 1 0.5 0.0
Y 0.3 1 0.4
R 0 0.2 1
linguistic colorset X = {green, yellow, red}
maturity grade as Y = {verdant, half-mature, mature}
08
Max-Min Composition - combines the fuzzy relations
variables, say (x , y) and (y , z) ; x A , y B , z C .
consider the relations :
R
1
(x , y) = { ((x , y) ,
R1
(x , y)) | (x , y) A x B }
R
2
(y , z) = { ((y , y) ,
R1
(y , z)) | (y , z) B x C }
The domain of R
1
is A x B and the domain of R
2
is B x C
max-min composition denoted by R
1
R
2
with membership function
R1 R2
R
1
R
2
= { ((x , z) , (min (
R1
(x , y) ,
R2
(y , z))))} ,
(x , z) A x C , y B (Eq. 08)
Thus R
1
R
2
is relation in the domain A x C
15
A
y
max
R
R
C
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A
B
Low Medium
Speed X
0
= 40km/h
1
.8
.6
.4
.2
0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 00
V Low
Medium
Low High V High
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