PRE - MOBILIZATION STUDIES: -

Once the contract is signed by the company, the project execution would start. A detail plan
for mobilization is prepared and manpower as well as plant and equipment allocation is
forecasted and provision is made for the same. As a handing over of a site and other
formalities such as bank guaranties, mobilization advance would take place in due course,
the time required to complete this formalities would be use foe the project study, take off
plan and organizing the site mobilization.
epending upon the nature of work, category of work, size ! stages of completion of work
organize site staffing appropriate manner is very important. ue to there is involvement of
much more agencies like client " owner, consultant, subcontractor ,vendor " supplier, local
authorities, traffic problems on highway we need proper co#ordination, involvement, good
understanding amongst all project team.
1. Project manager:
As shown in organization chart project manager is leader for all activities and
effective communication system. $esident engineer is reporting to the project
manager.
2. Re!"ent eng!neer:
%he resident engineer is support to the project manager but all functional in charge "
heads of all departments is directly reporting to the resident engineer. %he main scope
of resident engineer is to keeping co#ordination in all the staff, site related person,
subcontractor, consultant& and supplier. 'ollowing diff department works under
supervision of resident engineer.
#. P$ann!ng "e%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t' (
(lan each and every work activity as per time limit given by the client making bar
chart material schedule, making labor schedule, making plant, machinery schedule,
achieving better quality in min cost is the main aim of this dept.
). E*ec+t!on "e%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t' (
)xecution of work as per drawing plans and specification is main work of execution
dept. *n this department +r. execution engineer and gang of ,r. )ngineers is
appointed. (ersonnel structure ! reporting system # *n execution department or.
)ngineer, supervisor under inspection of sr. execution engineer does checking of
work progressing on site. +r. engineer reports to execution manager.
,. Store "e%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t' (
*nspection of material and goods coming on site, intimate or instruct to respective
dept. -material ordered by. maintaining material inward, outward registers making
/$0, storing and housing all material on site in proper place as per the site condition
and handover material to contractor as per their requirement, keeping their records is
the main work of store dept.
-. .+a$!t' "e%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t' (
1hecking of all material coming on site ,testing of all the material as per requirement
- lab test . 2aking or verifying mix design of material going to use for site
execution ,inspection and checking of all activities of execution work regarding
quality norms and condition, testing of work executed like sample testing - cube
testing . non destructive testing making of audit report maintaining material testing,
mix design, concrete testing, audit test registers on site is the main work of this dept.
/. .+ant!t' +r0e'!ng "e%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t' (
1hecking of all drawing and specification regarding site, estimating and surveying
quantity of each work activity separately, calculating material required quantity,
labor required quantity for each and every item is the main work of this dept.
1. Acco+nt 2 B!$$!ng "e%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t' (
1hecking of all bill quoted by sub#contractor or contractor -$.A. bills or final bills.
as per their site executed work, making of payment of contractors and subcontractors
is the main work of billing dept. 3eeping total money expenditure regarding site,
checking of departmental labor bill making payment of all site office related staff and
helper is the main work of account dept.
3. Ser0!ce De%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t' (
Our site is huge type of construction therefore there is requirement of no of services
delay due to absence of any services is very dangers. Arrangement of electrical
supply, water supply, making or repairing of any construction equipment and
machinery, electrical equipment, is the main work of this dept.
Peronne$ tr+ct+re 4 re%ort!ng 'tem -
4uantity *n this dept. all types of skilled workers and supervisor like plumber,
electrician, mechanic, welder, is working under supervision of ,r. )ngineer and ,r.
)ngineer is directly report to the services engineer.
15. Sa6et' an" 7ea$t7 De%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t'
2aking safety working environment, safety all site worker and staff, improving and
applying all safety instruction on site is the main work of this dept. cleaning of site
office maintains and cleans all site awareness, cleaning of labour camp periodically,
making arrangement of good drinking water, good latrine " w .c. 'acility on site is the
main work of health dept.
11. A"m!n!trat!on De%t.:
Re%on!&!$!t'
+upervision and arrange all site office requirements" facility5s, supervision on site
security guards, checking their registers, keeping site off inward and outward is the
main work of this dept. Admin. *n charge and there asst. are responsible for this
work.
2. Project 8omm+n!cat!on
2.1 INTRODU8TION
%he performance of any project can be evaluated from the daily reports and other
correspondence that it maintains. 6ell framed reporting systems serve as an effective
tool of information, which if compiled, documented and analyzed, provides a record
on the project for 7future reference. %he management can adopt certain systems to
control the progress of a project. %he documentation required, acts as an effective
tool of control over the overall performance of every individual, from the engineer,
the site staff, consultants to the architect, involved in these systems. %he procedure
for documentation of the in#house and outside correspondence, at different stages of
work, is standardized, *n this chapter we discuss some of these procedures and the
methods of correspondence, that facilitate the working and help gain overall control
over the staff and systems.
2.2 PRO9E8T 8OMMUNI8ATION :IT; ;EAD .UARTER
All correspondence is related to the progress of the site work.#
1orrespondence from the site to 8ead Office is an important communication channel
for the senior management.
%he required frequency of reports and the correspondence from the site to 8ead
office is directly proportional.
aily correspondence
'ortnightly correspondence
2onthly correspondence
DAIL< 8ORRESPONDEN8E
%his is the day to day reporting to the 8ead Office by the (roject )ngineer or site in#
charge.#
%he (roject )ngineer should leave the site, half an hour prior to the closing time for
reporting to the 8ead Office.#
*f many sites are in progress, all site engineers, reporting to the 8ead Office, should
note down the time of their respective reporting and departure.#
%he documents should be collected in their respective site trays at the 8.O.
=1> D.P.R. =DAIL< PRO?RESS REPORT>
*t is a very important report.
*t is in a tabular format, indicating the actual work completed at the site on a
particular day, the quantity of cement bags consumed per building and the
ratio of cement bags"sq.m.
.(.$. of the previous day should be written and submitted immediately on
the next day.
6ork program of each building, for the next day, should be written
separately.
%he arrival time of the contractor7s labour and the departmental labour is note
desperately.
)very .(.$. must carry the name of the site, date and should be duly signed
by the senior engineer and the (roject )ngineer.
%he .(.$. is a tool for the higher authorities " 1hief )ngineer to check the
activities of the day.
=2> MATERIAL IN:ARD REPORT
o %his report deals with the opening and closing balance of cement, empty
bags, lime, blocks etc.
o *t gives information of all the materials received and is attached with the
challans from suppliers.
o +upplier7s challan should contain the following information
+upplier7s name
1hallan number
ate
+ite
+ite stamp with the storekeeper7s signature
4uantity of material9 2easurement of truck
%ime
+ignature of the driver
o 0ame, class, type, quality and quantity of the materials received
o On every challan, the measurement of the truck, receiving time and the
vehicle number must be noted.#
o %he challan for the material received, should be stamped on the other side,
along with the (roject )ngineer7s signature.#
o *t makes records of all material received. 2aterial transferred from site to
site can also be noted with the *O.1. 0o. and the 2.%.$. 0o.
=#> M.T.R. =MATERIAL TRANS@ER RE8EIPT>
*t is the receipt for any material transferred from one site to the other. *t notes down
the quantity along with the +.$.(. -+tock register page. 0o. and the 2.%.$. 0o.
=)> MATERIAL ISSUE SLIP
%his slip is used by the site engineer"supervisor for issuing materials to the contractor
" departmental labourer from the store.
%he storekeeper must not issue any material without the material issue slip. %he
)ngineer must carry an issue slip book with him while on site.
%he material issue slip has the following advantages
*t helps control all work activities, since every material is issued by the engineer.
2aterials can be utilized properly.
)ntry of the personnel in the store can be controlled.#
2aterial reconciliation for a particular work in a particular building can be done.
+ignature of contractor "representative confirms the acceptance of materials.
=,> DAIL< STORE 8ONSUMPTION REPORT
*t notes the material issued to the contractor along with the date, particulars, quantity
and the building where it is used. *t also gives details like who issued it, to whom and
the +.$.(. 0o.#
%his report should be kept at the site along with the original issue slip.#
*t is to be written by the storekeeper.#
*t is useful in record updating and reporting to the 8ead office.
=-> DAIL< =DEPARTMENTAL> LABOUR SLIP
%his report records the details of labourers, directly appointed by the company as
departmental labourers. %hese details are recorded by the supervisor.#
%he )ngineer should check the sites where these labourers work.#
%he report gives self explanatory description of the work done by the departmental
labourers along with their designations. *t should be signed by the site engineer and
the (roject )ngineer.#
%he report enables in the verification and preparing of the weekly cash bill of
departmental labour.
=/> MEMO DETAILS
Avoid issuing a memo to contractors. *f at all it is to be written ensure that it is signed
by the contractor and is forwarded to 8ead office for necessary action.#
2emo notes can be sent to contractors for deduction of payment from his bill, for
reasons like non#fulfilment of work as per the agreement, failure in maintaining the
work schedule, wastage of material or instructions regarding the program of work,
improvement in quality etc.
*t should be sent in duplicate to the 8ead Office.#
After the 1hief )ngineer signs the memo, a copy should go to the contractor and the
other to the respective division for necessary actions.
:EEAL< 8ORRESPONDEN8E
=1> 8AS; BILLS
1ash bills should be submitted to the 8ead Office every week on pre#arranged day.
=2> SETTLEMENT O@ A88OUNTS
On account7 money can be given to the site engineer depending on the expenses that
might be incurred during the coming week.# 1ash voucher receipt -$efer 'ormat 0o.
:;.:<. should be made with complete narration and supporting documents. *t should
be forwarded to the 8ead Office on a pre#arranged day and should be adjusted
against the imprest amount.
=#>INDENT =RE.UISITION>
*ndent is a printed format to raise demands for materials required at the site. *t can be
submitted twice a week to the purchase department through the 1hief )ngineer.
=)>PENDIN? INDENT
(ending indents are re#submitted when the material for indents submitted earlier has
not been received, nor has the information regarding their supply been received from
the purchase department.#
%hey should be submitted on a fortnightly basis.
@ORTNI?;TL< REPORTIN?
+ubmit updated $A. =ills every fortnight to the 8ead Office.
$A. =ills could be a labour bill for $1.1. 2asonry, tiling, plumbing etc.#
1ustomer enquiry report should be submitted every :> days to the sales department.
MONT;L< REPORTIN?
%he site should send the following reports to the 8ead Office every month on a fixed
day.
=1> MONT;L< MATERIAL 8ONSUMPTION REPORT
%his statement records the total material consumption during a particular month and
sent to the 8ead Office for verification.#
*% gives an idea of the total receipt, previous balance, updated stock, consumption
during the month, and transfer to other sites etc.
=2> MONT;L< 8EMENT 8ONSUMPTION REPORT
%his report records the opening balance every day, cement received, total stock,
consumption per day, transfer to any other site -?"#., closing stock and +.$(. 0o. *t is
submitted to the 8ead Office.
=#> ELE8TRI8 METER READIN? REPORT
)very construction site has an electric meter on site.#
@arge projects will have more than one electric meter.#
*f the bills are more than expected, it might be due to wrong feeding of the meter
reading. 8ave it cross#checked with the reading noted down by the site staff.
Approach the )lectricity =oard for getting the bill corrected according to the actual
reading.
%his helps in avoiding excess payments for electricity.
=)> :ATER METER READIN? REPORT
2aintain records for water supplied by the 2unicipal 1orporation.
%his report helps calculate the total consumption of water at the construction site for
a given month. Also the bills received from the 2unicipal 1orporation can be cross
checked.
%hese readings will help calculate the constant of water charges per sq.m"s.ft. Of
built#up and for future estimations.
=,> MA8;INER< AND INSTRUMENT REPORT
1onstruction sites have construction machineries and instruments such as concrete
mixer, lift, vibrator, diesel engine, dumpy level, theodolite etc.#
Ongoing work at different sites can make very difficult to find out the conditions of
machineries at each site.#
2achinery report helps in maintaining all the machines at all times.#
%hese reports are to be sent to the maintenance division every month, along with
details of the machine, make"type, numbers, 8.(., phase condition of the machines,
causes for maintenance, estimated cost of repairs etc.
=-> EB8ESS MATERIAL LIST
)xcess material list indicates the material available at the site, not required for a
certain period and time.#
*n such cases, the material can be utilized at another site.
%he report should be sent to the purchase department through the 1hief )ngineer, to
cater to the requirements of another site instead of purchasing new materials.
=/> 8ONSTRU8TION PRO?RESS 8;ART
%his report should be prepared every month for each site.#
*t records and helps calculate the work progress of each activity, for a particular
building, as a percentage.
%he percentage derived, is based on the average calculation of the estimated expenses
for each activity.#
%his chart is very important for the management.
%he quantum of the work completed during the month, for each site" each building,
can be justified and total funds used can also be compared and justified using this
chart.
Over and above this report, a monthly report should be prepared by the 1hief
)ngineer and forwarded to the irectors.
*t should contain the relevant information regarding the progress of project. etails of
this report are as follows
*t should be submitted by the 1hief )ngineer on a fixed day, every month.
*t should include details of all the work completed at the site, during that month.
(ossession dates should also be given along with this report.
$easons for the delay of work, if any, should be mentioned.
%he report should be submitted to the irector to inform him of the progress of work
at the site
=1> 8UBE TESTIN? REPORT
Apart from these reports, the site staff should send concrete cubes taken during
concreting work to the testing laboratory for testing purposes, as and when required.#
%est cubes should be sent with all information.#
$ecords should be maintained at site and a copy of cube testing report should be sent
to 8ead Office for office record purpose.
2.# REPORTIN? S<STEM
%he site in#charge should report to the 1hief #
)ngineer each evening. .#
+ite in#charge should leave the site half an hour prior to the closing hour for reporting
to the 1.).
Apart from this, he should discuss the following aspects of the daily schedule #
(rogress of work #
%he next day7s program#
Accidents -if any.#
Aisits of the top management.#
ecisions" drawings required from the architect" consultants#
$eceipt of material, storage and requirement of urgent material -if any.#
%hefts"disputes at the site#
$ejection of materials#
6ater "electricity supply failure"machine failure#
4uality of materials#
Any other related points
NOTE
%he site engineer should collect the required certificates"documents during the
site visits of the Architect and submit a copy to the 8ead Office.
2.) 8ORRESPONDEN8E @ROM SITE TO STRU8TURAL DESI?NER
'or any corrections after checking the working drawings with the $1.1. rawings,
the site in#charge should directly contact the structural designer after informing the
1.).
%he structural designer should be contacted for,
1hecking the strata"trial pit#
1hecking the reinforcement before the concreting of slabs#
1hecking of reinforcement for O.8.6.%." B./.6.%. " septic tanks"other critical work
4ueries regarding $1.1. rawings
1hecking the strength and stability of a particular member of the structure after
casting#
'or the structural details required for any rectification work
NOTE
C %he site engineer should collect the required certificates"documents during the site
visits of the $1.1. esigner and submit a copy to the 8ead Office.
2., 8ORRESPONDEN8E TO OT;ER 8ONSULTANTS
=1> ELE8TRI8AL 8ONSULTANT
%he site in#charge should contact the electrical consultant forC#
)stimation of cabling work"layout and to give requirement of cables#
1hecking the layout of @%. room#
uring slab concreting#
uring road work for electrical conduiting.
'or installation of meter for construction purposes and shifting of meter while the
work is in progress#
%o supervise installation of the meter.#
uring the development work"street lighting work etc.#
1hecking of material specifications#
1hecking of work samples
NOTE
C %he site engineer should collect the required certificates"documents during the site
visits of the consultant and submit a copy to the 8ead Office.
=2> PLUMBIN? 8ONSULTANT
%he plumbing consultant should be contacted after receiving all the drawings,#
%o discuss practical difficulties of the drawing.#
%o show the sample collection of plumbing pipes, fittings and accessories.#%o check
and certify water and drainage stacks, details using different testing methods like
pressure testing, smoke testing etc.#
%o get the corrections done if any changes occur due to extra amenity"practical
difficulties.#%o check the water supply grid development work, drainage line
development work and storm water drainage work.#
%o collect actual measurements on site for preparing record drawings.#'or all queries
confirmation from municipal authorities.
2.- 8ORRESPONDEN8E @ROM SITE TO SUB8ONTRA8TOR
%he site in#charge should discuss and enter all the points in the memo book"letter. A
copy should be sent to the 8ead Office as a record.
(rogress of work
4uality of work
(rogram of work
(reparation of $A bills
6ork out material requirement at various stages and estimates for the same#
)xplanations regarding the drawings
1onfirmation of rates other than given in the agreement
)xtra amenity information -if any.
2emo"*nstruction for bad quality of completed work
+ite cleaning.
2isuse of material, control of wastage, minor wastage memos#
2isbehaviour of labourers
(lanning of labour hutments and discipline.
2aterial stacking at the site by the contractor#
%ermination of contract through the 8ead Office, if required
2./ 8ORRESPONDEN8E @ROM ;EAD O@@I8E TO SITE
%his includes all documents received from the 8ead Office to the site#
1irculars#
2inutes of meeting#
*ssue of drawings and contractor7s#
Agreements#
+pecifications#
)xtra amenity debit"credit notes of modifications#*.O.1. from purchase
department#
1opy of cash payment bill#
6ork order copies#
ecisions regarding any queries by the site, through higher authorities#
4ueries regarding bills, quality report, challans etc. from the account
department
*nstructions regarding seminars, site visits etc.#
=riefings about new policy matters of the management.
2.1 8ORRESPONDEN8E @ROM ;.O. TO SUB8ONTRA8TOR 2 SUPPLIERS
%his is includes discussions between the subcontractors and the management for##
6ork speed#
=alance work.#
4uality of work.#
+ite meetings.#
(ayment status#
*ssue of cheques#
2emos for bad quality#
1ontrol of wastage#
2istakes at site#
Other disciplinary actions#
6ork program#
@egal formalities#
Any other problems of the subcontractors
#. LA<OUT
/ood site layout is important to improve productivity. Dou need to arrange your
construction site in such a way as to make it function as efficiently as possible. 6ith
bad layout, time and materials are wasted through double handling. %ransport and
handling of materials always cost money. )very time you more a stack of bricks
around your site, the real cost to you increases. One of the reasons for slow progress
and high cost of construction projects is the lack of site planning, including poor site
layout.
%he layout plan of the site will depend upon two main factorsC the methods and
sequence of operations to be employed in carrying out he work, and the space
available. %he methods and sequence will have been considered at the time that the
estimate and tender were prepared. 6hen the contract is awarded, you should take
another careful look at these ideas before preparing a detailed site layout plan. %hese
plans must be prepared in advance and they must be prepared by someone with good
planning skills and experience. *t is often easier to save money through planning than
by raising site productivity, but these savings can only be obtained if you take enough
time to think about all the possible alternatives before deciding on how to layout the
site.
8ontract "oc+ment:
%he contract document for the proposed project is voluminous and contains the following
documentsC
a. 0otice inviting tender.
b. *nformation and instructions to tenderer.
c. /eneral conditions of contract.
d. +pecial conditions of contract.
e. +chedule of quantitative and cost.
f. %ender drawings.
g. +pecification for works.
h. 'orms for bank guarantee in respect of earnest money.
i.(erformance guarantee.
j. 2obilization advance etc.
3. 8ypothecation deeds for construction equipment.
l. %ender related correspondence and the letter of award"acceptance.
6hile the provisions existing in various clauses of the different sections of the
document have their own independent intent, meaning and interpretation, a proper
management of the contract is set up for interpretation of individual clauses in
harmony with others, so that it is in the interest of efficient and timely execution of
work. %his is applicable both to the client and the contractor. 'or the proposed work,
work below ground is allotted as cost plus percentage rate and for work above ground
it is allotted as item rate contract. *t is also assumed that the contract drawn up is fair
and equitable and takes into account requirements of client and possible difficulties
that may be experienced by the contractor in his operations.
SITE 8LEARAN8E
=efore setting up of enabling works, it is necessary to make the site clear from
various aspects such asC #Any stockpile of irrelevant material laid on site. Any
machinery, equipment or vehicle not related to proposed site work. (lant, vegetation
or crops of reasonable height in the proposed site area. epending upon the direction
of wind mentioned, provision of temporary unit such as barrier is made on the west
side of the bridge to avoid accumulation of unnecessary dust ! rubbish materials.
$emoval of small pebbles, sharp edge stones, loose soil material from the surface of
site area. emolition of any previous temporary structure present on the site.
8ONSTRU8TIN? IN@RASTRU8TURAL @A8ILITIES
%he following infrastructure facilities should be constructed for the proposed bridge siteC
:. %emporary roads should be leveled and a sufficient base course should be
provided to cope with the traffic that is unlikely to use them.
E. $egular power supply should be made available from the grid passing nearby Or
electric power will have to be generated by installing diesel#penetrating sets at the
site.
;. 6ater supply can be arranged by providing underground storage tank and
distribution through a pumping system and overhead tank. 'or sewage disposal,
septic tank should be provided and if it is not sufficient it may be necessary to
provide oxidation pond. +ite camps are erected on site for resident engineers !
persons working onsite. %hese are in the form of light steel or wooden structure,
which are mounted on skid beams or wheels, so that they can be moved as and
when required. %hese are provided with electrical, plumbing and sanitary fixture,
and the system becomes operational at site by plugging into the electrical and
water supply. %he site is also provided with the latest possible communication
technology, such as cellular phone, *nternet, intranet, wan etc.
OR?ANIZIN? UTILITIES
All the utilities and resources available on the proposed bridge should be organized
properly so as to avail the maximum benefit. +toreroom containing FA5 class items
should be provided by a watchman5s cabin adjacent to it. +teel should stacked in
open yard, protected by fencing. %he utility yard should be attached to the steel yard
by a common fencing. Aggregates should be stacked as near as possible to the
batching plant or concrete mix, so as to avoid unnecessary movement and double
handling of material. 1amp for persons working on site should be located on one side
of the site for avoiding dust and noise, generated on site. +tore roomsC# +tore rooms
should be constructed in a place where access for unloading of materials is easier,
which leads to safety of the work forces. %oilets, latrines should be constructed
downwind with proper slope for drainage.
+pecialist shops like steel bender, carpenter, and block makers should be
located"constructed near to their stores or mixer, inside crane radius.
SE8URIT<
%he proposed bridge site should be secured against possible thefts and damage
causing loss to the governing authority. *t should be secured forC @oss of material,
mobile machinery or equipment, at night times or at times when work is not in
progress. E nos. of watchmen, each working for a :E#hour shift will serve for this
purpose. 1onfidential information prevailing outside the organizationC %his can be
prevented by storing the confidential data in systems and records, approachable only
to the top management with the 2.. keeping the password key. %he entire
document, paperwork related to site work should be properly stored in cupboards
under the jurisdiction of a reliable accountant"clerk, acting as a common person to all
the concerned departments. All the persons working on site, should be well secured
against thefts, robbery, political influence ! undue pressure of higher authorities.
Also the personnel working on site should be secured against any sort of mishap or
accident, likely to occur due to negligence of safety conditions. $econciliation of
materialsC A daily checkups should be done on site especially for the stores, from the
+torekeeper. %here are three ways to find out how much money the company is
losing because of damage and deterioration of materials.
a. @ooking carefully around the site and checking through the site, usually shows
example of poor placing and storage of materials.
b. 1omparing figures given in orders, receipts and issues, and checking of remaining
stocks.
c. 2easuring the work done and calculating the materials used.
) MOBILIZATIONS:
De%artmenta$ Sta66: -
i. =efore mobilizing staff members like engineers, supervisors and workmen, it is
necessary to construct and prepare proper accommodation such as residential quarters
! workmen5s hut with accurate fencing"boundary wall around the project.
ii. +ecurity check post should be fixed at gates, with guiding instructions to the
security person for receiving ! issuance of men, materials ! machinery.
iii. epartmental site office shall be erected at proper location i.e. free from any
noise, dust, easily accessible from all directions of site. Also the location should not
obstruct movement of men, materials ! machinery.
iv.%he departmental staff should be mobilized at least ; days prior to commencement
of work ! a mandatory visit of the complete site should be arranged for the entire
department -technical ! non# technical. so as to get acquainted with the site area for
convenience in working.
v. %he departmental staff shall be informed well in advance about the mobilization
date by a formal notice, and on that particular date, the entire staff shall be mobilized
by means of conveyance arranged. i.e. =us, for people residing in the range of :<<
km. ! trains for people exceeding the range of :<< km.
8ontractor:
i. 1ontractors should be informed with a formal notice, after the allotment of work
-i.e. 1ontract. for mobilization of their staff, machineries ! other required resources.
ii. *t is the duty of contractor to get himself ! his resources mobilized well in
advance before the initiation of work i.e. before the actual execution of work starts
i.e. around a week before, so as to avoid inconvenience to the client ! the
subcontractors.
iii. After mobilizing on site physically, he should impart instruction ! guidelines to
his staff ! sub contractors about the proposed work ! thereby the work line of
action. 8e should also, make his staff well acquainted with the site area ! arrange his
machinery in consultation with the client5s engineer so as to avoid unnecessary
wastage of time ! materials.
SUB8ONTRA8TORS:
i. 'or the proposed work, the contractor has appointed subcontractors related to
various stages of work such asC @abours for pre#stressing work.. @abour for casting
work. @abour for disposal of scrap ! wastage.
ii. %he contractors should arrange the mobilization of subcontractor !possibly it
should be according to his planned mobilization so as to get himself ! the sub#
contractors ensured about the adequacy of resources !information required for the
execution of work.
iii. *n case of any requirement from the contractor5s side, the subcontractor should
intimate him, well before the work starts so that the contractor will arrange for it or
arrange for a suitable alternative, after consulting with the clients engineer.
2obilisation also includes carrying out enabling works, some of which are
mentioned belowC
Ena&$!ng CorD
Bnder works of this category, structures and appurtenants which facilitate
undertaking the actual project work are included. *n the 2aster 1ontrol 0etwork and
planning for the project details of enabling work would be included. %he extent of
enabling work would vary depending the size and nature of the project. On a large
project costing a few hundred cores, the enabling work itself could form into a mini#
project. %he enabling works would include the following items
Ci. 'encing"boundary wall around the project, fixing security check post and gates.
ii. +ite Office
iii. 1amp for accommodatin )ngineers, +upervisors, and 6orkmen.
iv. +tore for materials
v. 1onstruction (lant and equipment
vi. +tatic plant such as concrete batching plant, pre#cast concrete element plant, block
making plant, hot mix plant.vii. 2obile plant such as %rucks, umper, =ulldozer
/rader, Aibratory and pneumatic $oad $oller, =itumen sprayer %ransit mixer,
1oncrete (ump, 1rane, front end loader, compressor. %hese (lant and )quipment are
mobile, and can be shifted from place to place on regular basis.
Store an" +%%$!er:
+torage areas should be located near to the static plants. 'or storage of ;><tons of
cement, stacking yards should be covered with shed. =ut here as the cement is to be
used in large quantity for concreting by batching plant and pre#stressed element plant,
so it is stored in bulk in vertical silos. Also ;<< tons of steel is to be stored which can
be stored in open yards with proper fencing and near to bar bender5s workshop. 1are
should be taken that water does not get accumulated in this yard and there is proper
slope to drain the rain water. +tone metal and sand can be stored in open yards,
stacked in heaps with proper fencing so that the material does not get mix up with the
outer material. %he suppliers in the vicinity of elhi should be invited on site by a
formal notice and a meeting should be held up with the consultation of clients
engineer and contractor, specifying the suppliers clearly about the following factorsC
:. 4uantity of material.
E. 4uality of material.
;. %erms and conditions of contract.
G. 2ode of transportation.
>. elivery at a short notice.
%he suppliers should make the above factors clear in a formal quotation and submit it
to the organization. %he department will further scrutinize the quotations of various
suppliers and allot the same to the most optimum supplier.
:orD7o%
'or the maintenance of plant and equipment both static and mobile, it is necessary to
have a workshop which will undertake the maintenance, repair, overhauling and
major replacement of equipment. 6orkshop is geared up to& carry out preventive and
scheduled maintenance which is essential to keep the break#down of equipment to
bare minimum. %he workshop should have facilities for servicing, carrying
outgeneral repair, engine over#haul, calibration of iesel (ump etc. 6orkshop should
have a small machine shop attached with lathes, drilling machine, welding, boring
machine, painting, denting, sheet metal work etc. *t is also to be equipped with auto#
electrical repair, battery charger, tyre repair etc.
.UERIES:
'or the proposed bridge site near ehli certain queries are searched and found for
arranging materials required for the construction of pre#stressed bridge such asC
:. At a distance of :< kms. from the site, strata below the ground i.e. around
;mbelow ground is found adequately hard so as to be used as aggregate after
processing it in crushers.
E. Also at a distance of E> kms. from the site, along the coastal side, natural sand is
available in plenty known as river sand, which is screened and used as required.
*f transportation cost is affordable, then in between @onavla ! 3hopoli, abundant of
hard rock, boulder ! stones are available, which can be used at various construction
stages of pre#stressed concrete bridge.
Store an" tacD!ng 'ar"
*n the project site, sufficient covered stores or open storage is necessary for
maintaining the material in good condition. 1ement is usually supplied in bags,
which is stored at the site in covered shed. %he sheds are constructed with brick wall,
*(+ floor, tubular structure trusses, roofing with sheets. =ags not exceeding :< are
stacked one over another. *f more than :< bags are stacked then the lower bags tend
to set, making cement non#usable. *n case cement is used in large quantities for
concreting by the batching plant, and pre#cast element plant, is stored in bulk in
vertical silos. %he silos are filled up by a pneumatic pump fixed on the cement bulk
carrier. 'rom the silo cement is conveyed into the mixer of the batching plant and
pre#cast element plant, through a screw conveyor.
Ser0!ce
%he site camp is to be provided with services like electric supply, sewage disposal,
communication, telephone. *n case regular power supply is available from the grid, it
can be tapped and necessary substation with transformer installed at site. *f grid
power is not available then, it may be necessary to generate own power by installing
diesel penetrating se:s at the sets. 6ater supply can similarly be tapped, if water
lines are passing nearby in the vicinity, by providing underground storage tank and
distribution through a pumping system and over head tank. *n case water mains are
not available, tube well could be bored for water. 0ecessary treatment of water to
make it safe for intended consumption will have to be carried out. 'or sewage
disposal, since the camp is only for a temporary duration septic tank, could be
provided. *f it is a large site, and enough land is available, then it may be possible to
provide an oxidation pond for sewage disposal. %he effluent from the pond could be
used for horticultural purposes of the site.
*n order to carry out the enabling work which is required at the very initial stage of
the project itself, it may be desirable for the organization, to set up a 7crack team7
which can go in advance to the site and build up all the temporary structures, services
required for the enabling works. %his will cut down the time required by the main
project team, on their arrival at the site, and they could embark upon straight#away on
execution of the main project. +uch a 7crack team7 can move from project to project
for the organization, and they would be well trained in carrying out this activity. On
the other hand, if project team assigned with the main work, is to first build up the
enabling works, a lot of time is lost for the project. On most international project, and
on some major projects within country, of structure being adopted for the site camp is
of portable nature. %hese are in the form of light steel or wooden structure, which are
mounted on skid beams or wheels, and can be moved to the camp site, at a very short
notice. %he (ort cabins are provided with electrical, plumbing and sanitary fixture,
and the system becomes operational at site by plugging into the electrical and water
supply. %hrough the initial cost of the system may be more but over a period of time
it would become economically viable since the structure can be shifted to site,
whereas, if the camp is built with conventional materials. @ike steel, concrete, the
cost would be higher in the longer run, besides the extra time required to build the
1amp.
TRANSPORTATION:
%he proposed bridge site is at 3irari, located ;> kms away from elhi. %he means of
transportation are as followsC
i. 'or staff workers ! engineers, not residing on site, a minibus is arranged by the
organization for their daily conveyance.
ii. *n case of emergencies, such as fatal accident or injury on site, the organization
has arranged an ambulance in the form of omni#van with small stretcher laid inside
the van.
iii. 'or immediate or unexpected requirement of material o site, E standby trucks are
arranged for conveyance of material on site from around the vicinity of :<< kms from
site.
iv. 'or receiving consultants and executives from the nearest terminal, an automobile
such as +corpio or 4ualis is arranged by the organization. All the expenses required
for the above conveyance are added into the total cost of the project as contingencies.
B!&$!ogra%7'2Rea"!ng
1onstruction site organization management -0*12A$.