PLM150 EngineeringChangeAndConfigurationManagement

SCM200 berblick Supply Chain
Planung
SCM200
Release 640 04/06/2006
0
SAP AG 2003
SCM200 berblick Supply Chain Planung
THE BEST-RUN E-BUSINESSES RUN SAP
SAP AG 2003
Supply Chain Planning Overview
Software Components: SAP R/3 ERP, SAP APO 3.1
2003/Q3
Material nm!er: "00#30"#
0.2
0.3SCM200-Supply Chain Planning Overview
0.4
SAP AG 2004
Copyright 2004 SAP AG. All rights reserved.
o part o! this publication "ay be reproduced or trans"itted in
any !or" or !or any purpose #ithout the e$press per"ission o!
SAP AG. %he in!or"ation contained herein "ay be changed
#ithout prior notice.
Copyright
Some software pro$%ts mar&ete$ !' SAP A( an$ its $istri!tors %ontain proprietar' software %omponents of
ot)er software *en$ors.
Mi%rosoft, +in$ows, Otloo&, an$ PowerPoint are re,istere$ tra$emar&s of Mi%rosoft Corporation.
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iSeries, pSeries, 1Series, 6Series, 6/OS, A7P, -ntelli,ent Miner, +e!Sp)ere, 8etfinit', 9i*oli, an$ -nformi1 are
tra$emar&s or re,istere$ tra$emar&s of -.M Corporation in t)e 0nite$ States an$/or ot)er %ontries.
Ora%le is a re,istere$ tra$emar& of Ora%le Corporation.
08-3, 3/Open, OS7/1, an$ Motif are re,istere$ tra$emar&s of t)e Open (rop.
Citri1, -CA, Pro,ram 8ei,)!or)oo$, Meta7rame, +in7rame, 2i$eo7rame, an$ Mlti+in are tra$emar&s or
re,istere$ tra$emar&s of Citri1 S'stems, -n%.
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Consortim, Massa%)setts -nstitte of 9e%)nolo,'.
=a*a is a re,istere$ tra$emar& of Sn Mi%ros'stems, -n%.
=a*aS%ript is a re,istere$ tra$emar& of Sn Mi%ros'stems, -n%., se$ n$er li%ense for te%)nolo,' in*ente$ an$
implemente$ !' 8ets%ape.
Ma1/. is a tra$emar& of M'SQ; A., Swe$en.
SAP, R/3, m'SAP, m'SAP.%om, 1Apps, 1App, an$ ot)er SAP pro$%ts an$ ser*i%es mentione$ )erein as well as
t)eir respe%ti*e lo,os are tra$emar&s or re,istere$ tra$emar&s of SAP A( in (erman' an$ in se*eral ot)er
%ontries all o*er t)e worl$. All ot)er pro$%t an$ ser*i%e names mentione$ are t)e tra$emar&s of t)eir respe%ti*e
%ompanies. /ata %ontaine$ in t)is $o%ment ser*es informational prposes onl'. 8ational pro$%t spe%ifi%ations
ma' *ar'.
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0.5
SAP AG 2003
%arget Group and Prere&uisites
%arget Group
%he target audience o! this course is pro'ect tea" "e"bers
and key users #ho are responsible !or the introduction o!
Supply Chain Planning using "ySAP SCM.
SAPSCM ("ySAP SCM )vervie#*
+eco""ended, P-M.00 (-i!ecycle /ata Manage"ent*
Prere&uisite
1
SAP AG 2003
Course Goals
Course )b'ectives
Course Content
Course )vervie# /iagra"
Main 0usiness Scenario
"ySAP Supply Chain Manage"ent ("ySAP SCM*
1ey 2unctional Area Planning
Contents,
Course )vervie#
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
1.2
SAP AG 2003
%his course #ill prepare you to
Gain a basic understanding o! SAP !unctions in the
area o! Supply Chain Planning
/escribe the possibilities o! Supply Chain Planning
in the "ySAP co"ponents +34 and AP)
5nderstand the interplay o! SAP +34 and SAP AP)
in Supply Chain Planning
Speci!y the advantages o! the di!!erent possibilities
o! Supply Chain Planning
Course Goals
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
1.3
SAP AG 2002
At the conclusion o! this course6 you #ill be able to,
/escribe the role o! the "ySAP co"ponents +34 and
AP) in Supply Chain Planning
Speci!y #hich "aster data and transaction data are
used in Supply Chain Planning
7$plain the integration o! SAP +34 and SAP AP)
Carry out !unda"ental planning !unctions, /e"and
Planning6 /e"and Manage"ent6 Supply et#ork
Planning6 Material +e&uire"ents Planning.
Course )b'ectives
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
1.4
SAP AG 2002
Unit 5 Supply et#ork
Planning
Unit 6 Material +e&uire"ents
Planning
Unit 7 Production Planning3
/etailed Scheduling
Unit 8 Conclusion
Unit 1 Course )vervie#
Unit 2 Master /ata and
%ransaction /ata
Unit 3 /e"and Planning
Unit 4 /e"and Manage"ent
Pre!ace
Appendi$
Course Content
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5
1.5
SAP AG 2002
)vervie# /iagra" (.*
/e"and Planning
Master /ata and %ransaction /ata
Course )vervie#
Material +e&uire"ents
Planning
/e"and
Manage"ent
Supply et#ork Planning
Production Planning and /etailed
Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 "
1.6
SAP AG 2003
8ou are a "e"ber o! the pro'ect tea" responsible !or
i"ple"enting Supply Chain Planning !unctions
%aking the Precision Pu"p co"pany as an e$a"ple6
you !a"iliari9e yoursel! #ith the !unctions o! Supply
Chain Planning. %he Precision Pu"p Co"pany o!!ers
various high:tech standard pu"ps.
;aving predicted !uture re&uire"ents in /e"and
Planning6 you !irst o! all plan your cross:plant
procure"ent net#ork.
2inally6 in the short:ter" hori9on6 you plan the
production in your production plants.
Main 0usiness Scenario
?CA SAP A( SCM200 #
1.7
SAP AG 2002
1ey 2unctional Areas o! "ySAP SCM
"ySAP SCM
SC 7$change
(Collaboration*
SC 7vent and
Per!or"ance
Manage"ent
Planning Manu!acturing
Solution,
1ey 2unctional Area
7$ternal Procure"ent
Sales Processes
and -ogistics 7$ecution
Sppl' C)ain E1%)an,e ?Colla!orationA: Spports %entral, -nternetBena!le$ %rossBenterprise eB!siness pro%essesC
t)e e1%)an,e an$ p$ate of $ata wit) partners *ia a +e! !rowser, sin, %rrent -nternet se%rit' stan$ar$s. Sppl'
C)ain E*ent Mana,ement an$ Sppl' C)ain Performan%e Mana,ement: Monitor all pro%rement, $eli*er',
pro$%tion, stora,e, an$ transport pro%esses !ase$ on e1%eption messa,es ?alertsA, stats reports an$ on realBtime
measrements of total otpt an$ total effe%ti*it'.
Plannin,: 7ore%asts mar&et $e*elopmentsC promotion plannin,C plannin, of in*oi%e$ sales an$ reDirements !'
ta&in, past fi,res into a%%ontC plannin, of reDirements %o*era,e of $ifferent sor%es of sppl'C permanent
p$atin, an$ s'n%)ronisation of sppl' plansC $eri*ation of pro$%tion reDirements alon, t)e %omplete
pro%rement networ& for pro$%ers an$ notifi%ation of pro$%tion pro,ress to partnersC mltile*el plannin,,
life%'%le mana,ement, %asal an$ %apa%it' anal'ses, Dota arran,ements, pro$%t allo%ations an$ a*aila!ilit'
%)e%&s are also inte,rate$.
Pro$%tion: Spports $is%rete pro$%tion ?or$erB!ase$ or perio$B!ase$A an$ pro%ess manfa%trin, from plannin,
to reali6ationC %reates feasi!le ma%)ine s%)e$lin, plans !' ta&in, t)e a*aila!ilit' of materials, %apa%it' an$
pro$%tion resor%es an$ tools into a%%ont.
E1ternal pro%rement: Co*ers t)e %omplete pro%rement pro%ess from pr%)ase reDisition *ia sor%in,, pr%)ase
or$er, ,oo$s re%eipt an$ in*oi%e *erifi%ation to in*entor' mana,ementC spports -nternetB!ase$ $ire%t pro%rementC
ma&es se of eBmar&etpla%es, %atalo,s an$ rlesB!ase$ pro%rement strate,ies for atomate$ pro%rement.
Sales an$ /istri!tion pro%esses an$ lo,isti% e1e%tion: Mana,es sales or$ers sin, offer %reation, $etermination of
$eli*er' $ate, (lo!al A*aila!leBtoBPromise, pi%&in,, assi,nment of in*oi%esC transport mana,ement sin, transport
plannin, an$ *e)i%le s%)e$lin,C tra%&in, of $eli*eries.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 E
1.8
SAP AG 2002
Core
<nter!ace
1ey 2unctional Area Planning : SAP Co"ponents
SAP
+34
Plug:<n
SAP
AP)
SAP
0=
...
7nterprise Portal, Consistent access to all co"ponents
Ad"inistration o! custo"er
de"and
Production Planning in plant
Production processing
...
+eporting Prediction o! de"and
Supply et#ork
Planning
>uantity and capacity
re&uire"ents planning
...
)pti"i9ation
9)e SCM &e' fn%tional area plannin, primaril' ses t)e followin, m'SAP %omponents: SAP R/3, SAP
APO ?A$*an%e$ Planner an$ Optimi6erA, SAP .+ ?.siness -nformation +are)oseA
9)e interfa%es w)i%) are responsi!le for t)e inte,ration of SAP R/3 wit) .+ or SAP APO are ma$e
a*aila!le *ia a %orrespon$in, Pl,B-n. 9)e interfa%e !etween SAP R/3 an$ SAP APO is %alle$ t)e Core
-nterfa%e ?C-7A.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 F
1.9
SAP AG 2002
Supply Chain Planning Scenario
Supply Chain
-
e
a
d

t
i
"
e
/
e
l
i
v
e
r
y

t
i
"
e
Suppliers
Plants
Custo"ers
/Cs
P
u
s
h
P
u
l
l
9)e fn$amental pro!lem of Sppl' C)ain Plannin, is t)at t)e $eli*er' time of pro$%ts to %stomers is
sppose$ to !e s!stantiall' s)orter t)an pro$%tion time or lea$Btime. 9o rea%) t)is tar,et, sto%&s, or
rat)er safet' sto%&s sall' )a*e to !e %reate$ on %omponent le*el or finis)e$ pro$%t le*el in plants or
$istri!tion %enters ?/CA.
Go se postponement strate,ies to $efine )ow far t)e sales or$er lin&s wit) t)e sppl' %)ainC in ot)er
wor$s, at w)i%) point t)e $e%oplin, of ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion ?ps) strate,iesA, an$ ma&eBtoBor$er
pro$%tion ?pll strate,iesA, ta&es pla%e.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 4
1.10
SAP AG 2002
Supply Chain Planning at a Glance
0= -<S
SC Manu!acturing 3 Procure"ent
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
2le$ible Planning
Standard S)P
Sales
Global Available:to:
Pro"ise
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Planning (M+P*
/e"and
Manage"ent
Capacity
+e&uire"ents
Planning (C+P*
%ransportation
Planning ? @ehicle
Scheduling (%P3@S*
/e"and Planning
(/P*
(enerall' spea&in,, Sppl' C)ain Plannin, %an !e $i*i$e$ into man' steps. 9o e1e%te t)ese steps,
$ifferent SAP R/3 an$ SAP APO %omponents are a*aila!le. -t is t)erefore possi!le an$ sensi!le to tili6e
!ot) s'stems in an inte,rate$ %onne%tion for plannin,. -nte,ration !etween t)e s'stems ta&es pla%e sin,
t)e Core -nterfa%e ?C-7A.
/eman$ Plannin,, w)ere past sales fi,res are se$ to $eri*e a ftre $eman$ pro,ram, %an !e e1e%te$
wit)in t)e framewor& of fle1i!le plannin, in SAP R/3 ?wit) t)e e1%eption of stan$ar$ Sales H
Operations Plannin, ?SOPAA, or wit)in /eman$ Plannin, ?/PA in SAP APO.
/eman$ Mana,ement in its tre sense ta&es pla%e in SAP R/3. -t is also possi!le )owe*er to $eri*e
planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements from SAP APO /P.
-n prin%iple, sales or$ers are %reate$ in t)e SAP R/3 S'stem. 9)e A9P %)e%& of a sales or$er %an ta&e
pla%e ,lo!all' in SAP APO ?inte,ration wit) PP//S is also possi!leA.
CrossBplant plannin, is possi!le sin, Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, in SAP APO.
Material ReDirements Plannin, %an !e e1e%te$ in SAP R/3 or SAP APO. +)ereas in SAP R/3
%apa%it' reDirements plannin, is e1e%te$ separatel' in a se%on$ step, in SAP APO PP//S ?Pro$%tion
Plannin,/ /etaile$ S%)e$lin,A, Dantities an$ %apa%ities %an !e planne$ simltaneosl'.
E1e%tion of pro$%tion, in ot)er wor$s, t)e pro%essin, of pro$%tion or$ers ?pro$%tion or pro%ess
or$ersA ta&es pla%e in t)e area of Sppl' C)ain Manfa%trin,.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 10
1.11
SAP AG 2003
<nterenterprise /e"and
Planning (<nternet:based*
Consistent and consolidated
plans
Statistical and causal
!orecasting techni&ues
-i!ecycle planning
Pro"otion planning
/e"and Planning (.*
Functions of Demand Planning
Supply Chain
/eman$ Plannin, is a %omple1, powerfl, an$ fle1i!le tool t)at spports 'or enterpriseIs $eman$
plannin, pro%ess. 9)e reslt of t)e fore%ast is t'pi%all' refle%te$ in t)e form of $eman$ fore%asts on
$istri!tion %enter le*el or $ire%tl' in pro$%tion plants.
0serBspe%ifi% plannin, la'ots of plannin, !oo&s ena!le 'o to in%l$e $ifferent $epartments or e*en
ot)er enterprises in t)e fore%astin, pro%ess. +it) APO /eman$ Plannin, 'o %an se statisti%al
fore%astin, met)o$s an$ a$*an%e$ ma%ro te%)niDes to $o t)e followin,: B Create fore%asts from sales
)istor', !ase$ on man' $ifferent %asal fa%torsC B 9est pre$efine$, an$ serB$efine$ fore%ast mo$els, an$
fore%ast resltsC B An$ se a %onsenssB!ase$ approa%) to %onsoli$ate t)e $eman$ plans of $ifferent
$epartments. Go %an se fore%ast o*erri$es an$ promotions to a$$ mar&etin, intelli,en%e an$
mana,ement a$>stments.
1.12
SAP AG 2002
/e"and Planning (2*
Flexible Planning (R/3 SOP) and Demand Planning (APO
DP)
Aggregated historical
data
2uture de"and !orecast
Statistical !orecasting
Collaborative !orecasting
Pro"otions
Planning levels6
!or e$a"ple,
SAP +34
7$cel
on:SAP syste"
<nco"ing orders
>uantities
@alues
0illing docu"ent
>uantities
@alues
SAP 0=
-ocation
Product hierarchy
Sold:to party
+egion
/eman$ Plannin, %an !e e1e%te$ in SAP R/3 wit)in t)e framewor& of fle1i!le plannin, ?Sales H
Operations Plannin,A or in SAP APO sin, t)e %omponent /eman$ Plannin, ?/PA.
-n /eman$ Plannin,, a fore%ast !ase$ on a,,re,ate$ )istori%al $ata is e1e%te$. 9)is )istori%al $ata %an
stem from t)e SAP R/3 ;o,isti%s -nformation S'stem ?SAP R/3 ;-SA or from t)e SAP .siness
+are)ose ?SAP .+A. 9)e str%tre an$ pro%essin, of plannin, $ata %an !e $efine$ e1tremel' fle1i!l'
sin, t)e respe%ti*e $ata str%tres of SAP R/3 ;-S or SAP .+ B as a rle, t)ese are !ase$ on t)e sa,e
of soB%alle$ %)ara%teristi%s ?for e1ample, lo%ation an$ sol$BtoBpart'A a%%or$in, to w)i%) &e'
performan%e in$i%ators ?for e1ample, in*oi%e$ sales Dantit'A %an !e itemi6e$.
1.13
SAP AG 2002
/e"and Manage"ent
Planned independent requirements and sales orders
2orecast
=arehouse
re&uire"ents
Custo"er
re&uire"ents
/e"and progra"
Material +e&uire"ents Planning
Coverage o! re&uire"ents through
<n:house production
7$ternal procure"ent
Stock trans!er in o#n net#ork
Plnd. indep.
re&"ts.
Sales
orders
Sales
/eman$ Mana,ement pertains to t)e a$ministration of soB%alle$ in$epen$ent reDirements. 9)e wa' in
w)i%) in$epen$ent reDirements !e)a*e in Material ReDirements Plannin, ?for e1ample, if t)e' affe%t
reDirements, if t)e' %onsme ot)er reDirementsA %an !e $etermine$ !' t)eir reDirement t'pe or t)eir
plannin, strate,'.
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements are ware)ose reDirements t)at %an !e $eri*e$ from a fore%ast of t)e
ftre reDirement sitation. -n ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion, 'o want to initiate t)e pro%rement of t)e
materials %on%erne$, wit)ot )a*in, to wait for %on%rete sales or$ers. 0sin, s%) a pro%e$re, $eli*er'
times %an !e s)ortene$ on t)e one )an$, an$ on t)e ot)er )an$, it is possi!le, t)ro,) foresi,)te$
plannin,, to $e!it oneIs own pro$%tion resor%es as e*enl' as possi!le.
Sales or$ers ?%stomer in$epen$ent reDirementsA are %reate$ !' sales an$ $istri!tion. Cstomer
reDirements %an !e re%ei*e$ $ire%tl' in Material ReDirements Plannin,, in$epen$entl' of t)eir $efine$
reDirements t'pe. 9)is is $esire$ w)en %stomerBspe%ifi% plannin, ta&es pla%e.
Sales or$ers %an ser*e as e1%lsi*e reDirements sor%es, for w)i%) pro%rement is t)en spe%ifi%all'
tri,,ere$ ?ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tionA, or, to,et)er wit) planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, t)e' %an
%reate t)e total $eman$. Consmption is also possi!le wit) planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements.
1.14
SAP AG 2002
Suppl !et"or# Planning (S!P)
Planning o! "aterial !lo# along
the supply chain
Planning o! the "id: to long:ter"
hori9on
2inite Supply et#ork Planning6
bucket:oriented
Prioriti9ation o! de"andsA supply
opti"i9ation
+esult, 2easible plans
Supply Chain
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin,, w)i%) 'o %an %arr' ot sin, t)e %omponent SAP APO S8P, sall' ta&es
pla%e in t)e mi$B to lon,Bterm )ori6on, t)at is, otsi$e of t)e pro$%tion )ori6on. 9)is is !ase$ on t)e
reDirements t)at 'o )a*e $etermine$ for t)e $istri!tion %enters in /eman$ Plannin,. 9)ese
reDirements s)ol$ !e %o*ere$ !' t)e $istri!tion %enters, pro$%tion plants an$ sppliers in 'or
networ&.
Plannin, %an !e e1e%te$ finitel'. -n t)is wa', t)e pro$%tion, ware)ose or transport resor%es of 'or
networ& %an alrea$' !e ta&en into a%%ont in ro,)B%t plannin,. -n prin%iple, plannin, in S8P ta&es
pla%e !ase$ on soB%alle$ time !%&ets, t)at is, on t)e !asis of freel' $efine$ time !%&et profiles ?t)e
smallest nit in S8P is one $a'A. -n terms of performan%e, t)is &in$ of !%&etBoriente$ plannin, is m%)
!etter t)an /etaile$ S%)e$lin, in SAP APO PP//S, so t)at plannin, of more %omple1 networ&s is also
possi!le.
8etwor& plannin, wit)in S8P ta&es pla%e in two steps: /rin, t)e first step, in t)e a%tal plannin,,
sto%& transfers are %reate$ to optimall' $istri!te an$ meet t)e reDirements in t)e networ&. 9)is means,
for e1ample, t)at t)e $eman$s of a $istri!tion %enter are partiall' met t)ro,) sto%& transfer from two
pro$%tion plants. After pro$%tion )as ta&en pla%e in t)e pro$%tion plants, a se%on$ step is %arrie$ ot:
E1e%tion of plannin, wit)in $eplo'ment. -n $eplo'ment, S8P planne$ or$ers are %on*erte$ into
$eplo'ment or$ers, !ase$ on t)e Dantities a%tall' pro$%e$, an$ sto%& transfers are t)en tri,,ere$.
-n SAP APO S8P, $ifferent plannin, an$ optimi6ation met)o$s are a*aila!le.
1.15
SAP AG 2003
%ransition !ro" Mediu" to Short:%er" Planning
SP 0)M and routing
2inite cross:plant planning
/istribution and procure"ent
>uantity:oriented and bucket:oriented
o pegging
SP planned
orders
Purch. re&uis.
Stock trans!ers
Production 0)M and routing
2inite6 detailed planning per plant
Se&uences and setup ti"es
Continuous and order:related
Pegging
Production Planning3/etailed
Scheduling
Planned orders
Purch. re&uis.
Stock trans!ers
%i"e PP3/S hori9on
SP production hori9on
%oday
Plnd. <nd.
+e&"ts
Sales
)rders
Plnd. <nd.
+e&"ts
Sales
)rders
8etwor& plannin, wit)in SAP APO S8P ta&es pla%e otsi$e of t)e S8P pro$%tion )ori6on. -n t)e
PP//S )ori6on, )owe*er, Pro$%tion Plannin,//etaile$ S%)e$lin, ta&es pla%e, t)at is, $etaile$ plannin,
of pro%rement in a plant. -t is possi!le, an$ also ma&es sense t)at t)e two )ori6ons o*erlap, an$ t)at t)e
PP//S )ori6on is !e)in$ t)e S8P pro$%tion )ori6on.
S8P Plannin, is !ase$ on S8P !ills of material an$ rotin,s, most of w)i%) are sall' simplifie$
pro$%tion plans. S8P !ills of material , for e1ample, sall' %ontain onl' t)e strate,i%all' important
%omponents for w)i%) foresi,)te$ plannin, is ne%essar', w)ereas pro%rement of t)e remainin,
%omponents is onl' planne$ in plantBspe%ifi% /etaile$ S%)e$lin,. S8P planne$ or$ers t)at are !ase$ on
t)is simplifie$ master $ata %an !e %on*erte$ into planne$ or$ers in /etaile$ S%)e$lin,.
Pe,,in, is t)e lin& !etween re%eipts an$ isses alon, t)e sppl' %)ain. +)en an or$er is s)ifte$, all
$epen$ent or$ers %an !e a$>ste$ atomati%all'. 9)is fn%tion is onl' a*aila!le in Pro$%tion Plannin,
an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin,. Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, is !ase$ prel' on Dantities an$ !%&ets.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1"
1.16
SAP AG 2002
%i"e %oday
=hen does procure"ent need to beginB
$aterial Requirements Planning in multile%el production
)p. 40 )p. 20 )p. .0
Planned order Finis&ed product
/ependent
re&uire"ent
Assembl '
.0 20 40 40
)rder ra#
"aterial A
+e&uire
"ent =hen #ill production
take placeB
=hen are the co"ponents
re&uiredB
0ill o! "aterial
Material ReDirements Plannin, is t)e first step of Pro$%tion Plannin,//etaile$ S%)e$lin,, w)i%), as a
rle, 'o %arr' ot in t)e s)ortBterm )ori6on in t)e plant.
-n Material ReDirements Plannin,, w)i%) 'o %an e1e%te in SAP R/3 ?SAP R/3 MRP: Material
ReDirements Plannin,A or in SAP APO ?SAP APO PP//S: Pro$%tion Plannin,//etaile$ S%)e$lin,A
pro%rement $ates for ne%essar' assem!lies an$ %omponents are $etermine$ !ase$ on t)e reDirements
$ates for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t ?a sales or$er, for e1ampleA.
S%)e$lin, of pro%rement for pro$%ts pro$%e$ inB)ose is %arrie$ ot on t)e !asis of a rotin,. A
rotin, spe%ifies w)i%) pro$%tion operations nee$ to !e e1e%te$ an$ )ow lon, t)e in$i*i$al
operations last. At t)e !e,innin, of pro$%tion of t)e finis)e$ pro$%t, t)e assem!lies ?from t)e !ill of
materialsA t)at are nee$e$ for pro$%tion mst !e a*aila!le. Pro%rement of t)ese assem!lies mst !e
initiate$ earlier a%%or$in,l'. -n t)is wa', assmin, t)e $epen$ent reDirements $ate is t)e a*aila!ilit'
$ate, t)e s'stem $etermines t)e !asi% or$er $ates of t)e %omponents !' means of !a%&war$ s%)e$lin,
sin, t)e inB)ose pro$%tion time or t)e planne$ $eli*er' time.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1#
1.17
SAP AG 2002
Production Planning3/etailed Scheduling (PP3/S*
(.*
Functions of PP/DS
Supply Chain
%o:the:"inute planning o! production6
e$ternal procure"ent6 and stock
trans!er #ithin the production plant
Capacity re&uire"ents planning (SAP
+34 C+P* as a separate step or
si"ultaneous "aterial and capacity
re&uire"ents planning (SAP AP)
PP3/S* on operational level in the
short:ter" area
Schedule opti"i9ation regarding
se&uences and lead:ti"es (SAP AP)
PP3/S*
9oBt)eBminte Pro$%tion Plannin, in t)e pro$%tion plant %an ta&e pla%e in SAP R/3 or SAP APO.
Plannin, in SAP APO PP//S in parti%lar offers e1tensi*e Pro$%tion Plannin,//etaile$ S%)e$lin,
possi!ilities.
Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, ?SAP APO PP//SA is se$ mainl' for s)ortBterm to t)e
minte plannin, ?!ot) for inB)ose pro$%tion an$ e1ternal pro%rementA in t)e pro$%tion plant. PP//S
s%)e$les an$ plans all operations of an or$er t)at are rele*ant for plannin, at t)e $ifferent resor%es.
-n PP//S, reDirements are met !' ,eneratin, planne$ or$ers ?to plan inB)ose pro$%tionA as well as
pr%)ase reDisitions or s%)e$le lines ?to plan e1ternal pro%rementA. Simltaneos material an$
%apa%it' reDirements plannin, %an !e se$ to $o t)is: Go %an $efine resor%es as JfiniteK resor%es
?plannin,B%riti%al resor%esA in t)e resor%e master. Or$er operations are onl' %reate$ at t)ese resor%es
if t)ere is sffi%ient %apa%it' for t)e or$er Dantit' on t)e %orrespon$in, $ate. -f t)ere is not eno,)
%apa%it' a*aila!le, t)e s'stem sear%)es for a new $ate, ta&in, t)e %apa%it' sitation into a%%ont.
+it)in t)e framewor& of SAP APO PP//S, s%)e$le optimi6ation is possi!le: -t ma' !e t)at, $rin,
plannin,, or$ers t)at $o not )a*e an optimal or$er seDen%e )a*e !een ,enerate$. Go %an %)an,e t)e
seDen%e an$ resor%e assi,nment of e1istin, or$ers in t)e optimi6ation rn.
PP//S is a plannin, tool. E1e%tion fn%tions s%) as %onfirmations an$ ,oo$s re%eipts are %reate$ in
SAP R/3. Go s)ol$ t)erefore transfer plannin, reslts to SAP R/3 w)en plannin, in SAP APO.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1E
1.18
SAP AG 2002
%i"e %oday
Production Planning3/etailed Scheduling (PP3/S*
(2*
Simultaneous quantit and capacit requirements planning
(SAP APO PP/DS)
+esource 4 (!inite*
+esource 2 (in!inite*
+esource . (!inite*
40
20
40
20
Con!ir"ed
&ty3date
Available
)ccupied
.st -oading Atte"pt
2inal -oading Atte"pt
.0 .0
)perations and resource load
according to production process
"odel
Sales order #ith
desired date and
&uantity
-f a pro$%t is not a*aila!le, t)e reDirement ?t)e sales or$er or $epen$ent reDirement, for e1ampleA
tri,,ers pro$%tion $ire%tl': -f it tri,,ers an or$er for inB)ose pro$%tion, SAP APO %reates a planne$
or$er for t)e $esire$ Dantit' in PP//S. All operations of t)e pro$%tion pro%ess mo$el ?PPMC SAP
APO master $ata re%or$, w)i%) %ontains t)e !ill of material an$ rotin, of SAP R/3A are s%)e$le$ at t)e
resor%es of t)e PPM, w)ere!' t)e s'stem %an ta&e %apa%it' %onstraints into a%%ont ?a*aila!le %apa%it'
an$ potentiall' or$ers t)at )a*e alrea$' !een s%)e$le$A.
-f a finitel' planne$ resor%e is alrea$' e1)aste$ on t)e $esire$ $ate, t)e s'stem sear%)es for a new $ate
on w)i%) t)e planne$ or$er %an !e %reate$. Go se t)e soB%alle$ strate,' profile to $efine )ow t)e
s'stem is to s%)e$le ?sear%) for a slot, infinite plannin, ...A.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1F
1.19
SAP AG 2002
SAP AP) Planning #ith SAP +34 <ntegration
AP) +34
Conversion
Supply et#ork Planning (SP*
Production Planning (PP3/S*
Consu"ption
/eploy
:"ent
Planned order
Production order
Purchase re&uisition
Purchase order
Stock transport re&uisition
Stock transport order
/e"and Planning (/P*
Plnd. ind. re&"ts
Sales order
Production Planning (PP*
2le$ible planning
Plnd. ind. re&"ts
/e"and
Manage"ent
Sales order Sales (S/*
Purchasing
(MM*
Release,
confirmations
Planned order
Production order
Purchase order
9)e m'SAP %omponent SAP APO is a plannin, tool t)at %annot !e tili6e$ on its own. /rin, plannin,,
SAP APO relies on $ata from SAP R/3 ?sto%&s or sales or$ers, for e1ampleA on t)e one )an$C on t)e
ot)er )an$, t)e e1e%tion of $ates an$ Dantities planne$ in SAP APO ta&es pla%e in SAP R/3. 9)e
plannin, pro%ess in SAP APO t)erefore is lin&e$ to a permanent e1%)an,e of $ata !etween SAP APO
an$ SAP R/3.
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, for e1ample, %an !e t)e reslt of /eman$ Plannin, in SAP APO
itself. 7or frt)er plannin,, t)ese planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements %an !e release$ to SAP APO S8P or
transferre$ toR/3.
Sales or$ers an$ planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements form t)e startin, point for !ot) Sppl' 8etwor&
Plannin, ?S8PA an$ Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, ?PP//SA in SAP APO. E1istin,
stora,e lo%ation sto%& is also in%l$e$ in t)e plannin,. Sales or$ers are entere$ in SAP R/3 an$ are
transferre$ to SAP APO *ia t)e SAP R/3 APO interfa%e ?C-7: Core -nterfa%eA.
-n Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, ?S8PA 'o plan for t)e s)ortB or mi$Bterm )ori6on for t)e entire sppl'
%)ain: 'o ,enerate sto%& transport reDisitions ?for plannin, an$ sto%& transferA !etween $istri!tion
%enters an$ plants, an$ %an also ,enerate planne$ or$ers ?for inB)ose pro$%tion plannin,A an$ pr%)ase
reDisitions ?for e1ternal pro%rement plannin,A $ire%tl' in t)e pro$%tion plant for t)e lon,er term
)ori6on. -n Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, )owe*er, 'o sall' ,enerate planne$ or$ers
an$ pr%)ase reDisitions $ire%tl' in t)e pro$%tion plant for t)e s)ortBterm )ori6on. 9ransa%tion $ata
,enerate$ in SAP APO is transferre$ to t)e SAP R/3 S'stem for e1e%tion *ia t)e SAP R/3 APO
interfa%e ?C-7: Core -nterfa%eA.
1.20
SAP AG 2002
Supply Chain Planning6 #hich in essence is reali9ed
using the "ySAP co"ponents SAP +34 and SAP AP)6
is a key !unctional area o! "ySAP SCM.
)perative planning takes place on di!!erent levels
along the supply chain, /e"and Planning !or
re&uire"ent !orecast on an aggregated level6 Supply
et#ork Planning in rough ti"e:buckets6 to:the:"inute
Production Planning and /etailed Scheduling in
production plants.
SAP AP) #orks as a planning tool together #ith SAP
+34. %he integration o! both co"ponents is an
i"portant ele"ent o! the planning process.
Course )vervie#, 5nit Su""ary
2
SAP AG 2003
SAP +34 "aster data
SAP AP) "aster data
<ntegration o! "aster data
C<2 <nter!ace
%ransaction data
Planning and production
Contents,
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
2.2
SAP AG 2003
Speci!y #hich "aster data is used in Supply Chain
Planning in SAP +34 and SAP AP)
7$plain the integration o! "aster data using the C<2
inter!ace
/escribe the principal !unctions o! the C<2 inter!ace
7$plain the trans!er o! transaction data bet#een SAP
+34 and SAP AP)
7$plain the role o! transaction data integration in
planning and production
At the conclusion o! this unit6 you #ill be able to,
Master and %ransaction /ata, 5nit )b'ectives
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
2.3
SAP AG 2003
Course )vervie# /iagra" (2*
/e"and Planning
Course )vervie#
/e"and Manage"ent
Production Planning and /etailed Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
2.4
SAP AG 2003
/ata 2lo# in Supply Chain Planning
SC Manu!acturing3Procure"ent
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
2le$ible Planning
/e"and Planning
(/P*
Sales
Pro"ise (A%P*
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Planning (M+P*
/e"and Manage"ent
Capacity +e&uire"ents
Planning (C+P*
%ransportation
Planning ? @ehicle
Scheduling (%P3@S*
Materials6 0ills o!
Material6
+outings6 ...
Planned )rders6
)rders6 /ates6 ...
(enerall' spea&in,, sppl' %)ain plannin, is $i*i$e$ into man' steps, some of w)i%) %an !e e1e%te$ !'
%omponents in SAP R/3 an$ ot)ers w)i%) %an !e e1e%te$ in SAP APO. -t is possi!le an$ a$*isa!le to
inte,rate t)ese two s'stems an$ se !ot) to,et)er w)en plannin,. -t is t)en ne%essar' to e1%)an,e a
lar,e nm!er of $ata o!>e%ts !etween !ot) s'stems: Master /ata s)ol$ !e transferre$ from SAP R/3 to
SAP APO, Plannin, reslts s)ol$ !e transferre$ !a%& ?p!lis)e$A from SAP APO to SAP R/3 an$ so
on. -nte,ration !etween t)e s'stems ta&es pla%e t)ro,) t)e APO Core -nterfa%e ?C-7A.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5
2.5
SAP AG 2003
Master /ata )b'ects in the Supply Chain
Suppliers
Plants
Custo"ers
/Cs
7$ternal Procure"ent
+elationships
%ransportation
lanes
Materials
+esources
0ills o! "aterial
+outings
...
Sppl' %)ain master $ata o!>e%ts are sall' %reate$ in SAP R/3: Plants, $istri!tion %enters ?/CsA,
*en$ors, an$ %stomers. Sppl' %)ain plannin, %on%erns materials t)at are $efine$ as material masters.
7or plants t)at pro$%e aswell as plan, 'o also )a*e to %reate resor%es, !ills of material ?.OMsA, an$
rotin,s in a$$ition to t)e materials for plannin,. .etween t)e in$i*i$al lo%ations of t)e Sppl' C)ain
?t)at is plants, *en$ors an$ so onA, transportation lanes are $efine$, an$ t)ese $efine material flow
t)ro,) t)e Sppl' C)ain.
E*en w)en sin, an SAP APO s'stem for sppl' %)ain plannin,, master $ata is ,enerall' %reate$ in a
%onne%te$ SAP R/3 s'stem an$ transferre$ to SAP APO from t)ere. Onl' master $ata t)at e1ists prel'
in SAP APO an$ )as no %onterpart in SAP R/3 is to !e %reate$ in t)e SAP APO s'stem.
-n SAP APO, transportation lanes are se$ to %onne%t to,et)er a networ& of plants an$ /Cs so t)at sto%&
transfers %an !e planne$ !etween t)ese lo%ations. Correspon$in, lanes %an also !e maintaine$ in SAP
R/3 ?in t)e form of spe%ial pro%rement &e's, for e1ampleA. At t)is point in time, it is not possi!le for
t)ese &e's to !e transferre$ to SAP APO.
9)e sppl' relations)ip !etween a *en$or an$ a plant is %reate$ in SAP R/3 in t)e form of a pr%)asin,
info re%or$ or otline a,reement. +)en 'o transfer t)ese e1ternal pro%rement relations)ips to SAP
APO, t)e' are also $ispla'e$ t)ere as e1ternal pro%rement relations)ips. A %orrespon$in,
transportation lane is %reate$ at t)e same time.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 "
2.6
SAP AG 2003
Plants and /istribution Centers
Plant
a"e
/e!inition o! a plant
Street
0road#ay CD.
%o#n .000. e# 8ork
Country 5S
e# 8ork
.000
5SA
/e!inition o! a /C
Plant ode type a"e
.000 e# 8ork
/C 2400 /C Milano
...
Planning
Production
+e&uire"ents entry
<nventory "anage"ent
...
<s this plant a
/CB
Storage locations in
plant .000
000.
2inished goods
#arehouse
0002
Material storage
/i!!erentiation
o! inventory
#ithin a plant
A plant is an or,anisational nit t)at s!$i*i$es an enterprise into pro$%tion, pro%rement, sto%&)ol$in,
or material plannin,. -n a plant, materials %an !e pro$%e$ or ,oo$s an$ ser*i%es %an !e sta,e$.
Go spe%if' an a$$ress, a lan,a,e, a %ontr' assi,nment an$ a fa%tor' %alen$ar for a plant. -f SAP APO
is to !e se$ for Sppl' C)ain Plannin,, t)e plants %an !e transferre$ from SAP R/3 to SAP APO.
/istri!tion Centers ?/CsA are pre$ominantl' plants, from w)i%) pro$%ts are sol$ or w)i%) ,enerall'
ser*es mer%)an$ise $istri!tion. 9)e' onl' $iffer fn%tionall' from plants *ia a %orrespon$in, entr' in
SAP R/3 Cstomi6in,, t)at is, a plant also %ontains fll sales an$ $istri!tion fn%tions, >st as pro$%ts
%an !e pro$%e$ in a /C. Plants an$ /Cs are represente$ !' $ifferent s'm!ols in t)e Sppl' C)ain.
One or more stora,e lo%ations %an !e $efine$ wit)in a plant. A stora,e lo%ation spe%ifies w)ere a
material is store$. Stora,e lo%ations t)s ena!le a $ifferentiation of material sto%&s wit)in a plant.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 #
2.7
SAP AG 2003
Custo"ers and Suppliers
/ebtor
a"e
/e!inition o! a custo"er
Street Calvinstr. 4C
%o#n .44CE 0erlin
0ecker 0erlin
1.000
...
Creditor
a"e
/e!inition o! a supplier
Street 1olpingstr. .
%o#n .200. 0erlin
C. 7. 0. 0erlin
-.000
...
Control o!
Sales and
/istribution
Processing
Control o!
Purchasing
Manage"ent
Cstomers an$ sppliers are $efine$ as !siness partners in t)e SAP R/3 S'stemC t)e' ena!le t)e %ontrol
of $ifferent sales, or rat)er pr%)asin, pro%esses.
Sales an$ /istri!tion pro%essin, as s%) pla's no role in SAP APO. Cstomer master re%or$s %an !e
transferre$ to SAP APO as %orespon$in, lo%ations to plan t)e transportation of a pro$%t to a %stomer,
Sor%e $etermination for e1ternal pro%rement %an ta&e pla%e in SAP R/3 or SAP APO. Spplier master
re%or$s %an !e transferre$ to t)e SAP APO S'stem for plannin, in SAP APO. Pr%)ase or$er )an$lin,,
,oo$s re%eipt an$ in*oi%e *erifi%ation ta&es pla%e in SAP R/3.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 E
2.8
SAP AG 2003
7$ternal Procure"ent +elationships
Supplier
Material
Purchasing in!o record
Planned delivery ti"e E days
SC+7=S
-.000
Plant .000
Costs 75+ .230)F
%ransportation lanes
relationships
Or outline agreement
%ransportation lane
-ocation .000 :G 2400
P5MP Priority 0
. to .000 pieces
%ruck
/uration, . day
Cost, 75+ H ...
...
AP)
9o transfer pro$%ts !etween two lo%ations in t)e Sppl' C)ain, from a pro$%tion plant to a $istri!tion
%enter, for e1ample, a %orrespon$in, transportation lane )as to e1ist. 9ransportation lanes are %reate$ in
SAP APO for t)is reasonC t)e information t)at %orrespon$s to a transportation lane, for e1ample, a
spe%ial pro%rement &e', %an !e %reate$ in SAP R/3, in t)e material master.
Pr%)asin, info re%or$s or otline a,reements, wit) w)i%) 'o %reate pri%e an$ sppl' a,reements wit)
%ertain sppliers in SAP R/3, %an !e transferre$ to t)e SAP APO S'stem as e1ternal pro%rement
relations)ips. -n a$$ition, a %orrespon$in, transportation lane is %reate$.
-n prin%iple, transportation lanes are pro$%tBspe%ifi%. 9)e' %an !e effe%ti*e for all pro$%ts, )owe*er.
A transportation lane %ontains one or more means of transport t)at $etermine )ow t)e pro$%t %an !e
transporte$ ?for e1ample, !' tr%& or !ar,eA. Moreo*er, %osts an$ $rations %an !e $etermine$. On t)e
!asis of priorities, $e%isions %an !e ma$e a!ot sto%& transports.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 F
2.9
SAP AG 2003
Materials (.*
(lobal and )ocation*Specific Data
Material P5MP
(lobal data
Data D+ ,-..
Data plant '...
Plannin, of material flow alon, t)e Sppl' C)ain ta&es pla%e at material le*el. Materials are $efine$ !'
%orrespon$in, material masters. SAP R/3 material masters %an !e transferre$ to SAP APO as pro$%t
masters.
A material master %ontains ,lo!al $ata t)at is *ali$ %rossBlo%ation ?for e1ample, t)e information for t)is
material is t)e same in all pro$%tion plantsA, an$ lo%ationBspe%ifi% $ata, w)i%) %ontains $ifferent
settin,s for ea%) rele*ant lo%ation ?for e1ample, a %ertain pro$%tion plantA. (eneral $ata s%) as t)e
measrements or t)e wei,)t of a material is set ,lo!all', w)ereas settin,s for plannin, are sall'
pre$efine$ lo%all'. 9)is $ata, t)en, %an $iffer $epen$in, on lo%ation.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 4
2.10
SAP AG 2003
Materials (2*
Assignment of Data in /ie"s
Material "aster P5MP
M+P Sales 0asic /ata
/ivision
Mat. grp.
0.
00.
=eight
@olu"e
2H0 1G
0.H M4
0uyer
Purch.value
002
Proc. type
Strategy
7
40
@al. class
Price
ED20
75+ 400
...
... ...
...
...
... Purch. Accounting
All in!or"ation on procure"ent6 production6 storage or sales
Settings !or Supply Chain Planning
9o pro*i$e a %lear $ispla', material master $ata is s!$i*i$e$ into *iews. -n part, t)ese *iews are
,lo!all' *ali$ ?!asi% $ata, for e1ampleA an$ partl' also lo%ationBspe%ifi% ?material reDirements
plannin,, for e1ampleA.
9)e material master is t)e $ata o!>e%t t)at %ontains all information ne%essar' for t)e !siness se of a
material, in parti%lar, all settin,s for pro%rement, pro$%tion, stora,e or sales. 8ot all settin,s in t)e
material master are rele*ant for Sppl' C)ain Plannin,. 9)e settin,s partl' appl' rat)er to e*alation
an$ sales mana,ement SAP R/3Bspe%ifi% fn%tions.
Sppl' C)ain Plannin,Brele*ant settin,s are lar,el' fon$ in t)e Materials Plannin, *iews. Pro%rement
t'pe or plannin, strate,', for e1ample, is $etermine$ )ere. -n $ifferent lo%ations, t)ese settin,s %an !e
maintaine$ entirel' $ifferentl'.
2.11
SAP AG 2003
Settings for Suppl +&ain Planning
Materials (4*
M+P type
M+P . M+P 4
...
M+P
-ot si9e 7F
Procure"ent type 7
<n:house prod. ti"e H days
Sa!ety stock 20 pc
Strategy group 40
Availability check
group
02
Production versions
000. or"al production
;o# should < plan "aterial
re&uire"entsB
;o# "uch needs to be
procuredB
=ill the "aterial be produced in:
house or procured e$ternallyB
/o < need to plan a sa!ety stockB
;o# should < planB
;o# does the A%P Check take
placeB
=hat production procedure
should < useB
9)e fn$amental settin,s for Sppl' C)ain Plannin, %an !e fon$ in Material Plannin, *iews 1 to 5 of
t)e SAP R/3 material master.
9)e MRP t'pe spe%ifies )ow a material s)ol$ !e planne$ ?MRP, %onsmptionB!ase$ plannin,, no
plannin,A.
9)e lotBsi6in, pro%e$re $etermines t)e lot si6e of ea%) of t)e pro%rement proposals. 9)e pro%rement
t'pe %ontrols )ow a material is to !e pro%re$ ?inB)ose pro$%tion or e1ternal pro%rementA. 9)e inB
)ose pro$%tion time or rat)er t)e planne$ $eli*er' time spe%ifies )ow lon, pro%rement will last.
A safet' sto%& %an !e set.
9)e !e)a*ior of planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements is %ontrolle$ !' t)e strate,' ,rop. Moreo*er,
%ontrol of t)e A9P %)e%& ta&es pla%e on t)e !asis of t)e a*aila!ilit' %)e%& ,rop.
A pro$%tion pro%e$re %an !e $efine$ !' a pro$%tion *ersion. -n a pro$%tion *ersion, rotin, an$
.OM %an !e sele%te$ in parti%lar.
2.12
SAP AG 2003
Pump P*'..
0ills o! Material (0)M* (.*
0)M P5MP
Material P:.00 Pump
Plant .000
5sage . Production
0ase &uantity . pc
<te"
.00:.00 00.0 +asing . pc
.00:200 0020 Fl "&eel . pc
.00:400 0040 0ollo" s&aft . pc
.00:400 0040 1lectronic turbo*dri%e . pc
.00:.40 00I0 0exagon &ead scre" H pc
00.0
0020
0040
0040
0ills o! "aterial are single:level
<te"s o! a bill o! "aterial can the"selves contain a !urther bill o! "aterial
9)e .OM %ontains t)e assem!lies or %omponents, t)at are to !e in%l$e$ in t)e pro$%tion of a material.
SAP R/3 .OMs %an !e transferre$ to SAP APO in t)e form of pro$%tion pro%ess mo$els ?PPMsA.
.OMs are se$ in Material ReDirements Plannin,, pro$%tion, pro%rement an$ for pro$%t %ostin,.
A .OM %onsists of a .OM )ea$er an$ t)e .OM items. 9)e !ase Dantit' in t)e .OM )ea$er spe%ifies
to w)i%) amont of t)e finis)e$ pro$%t t)e item Dantities refer.
.ills of material are sin,leBle*el. An item of a .OM %an itself also %ontain %omponents. -n t)is wa',
mltile*el pro$%tion is $es%ri!e$ sin, t)e sin,leBle*el .OMs of t)e finis)e$ pro$%t an$ t)ose of t)e
assem!lies an$ w)ere reDire$, sin, t)e .OMs of t)e assem!lies of t)e assem!lies an$ so on.
A .OM %an also %ontain $o%ments or te1t items in a$$ition to sto%& items t)at are reDire$ for t)e
finis)e$ pro$%t.
2.13
SAP AG 2003
0ills o! Material (0)M* (2*
2O$ Structure
0)M P5MP
Material P:.00
Plant .000
5sage .
0ase >uantity . pc
<te"
.00:.00 00.0
.00:200 0020
.00:400 0040
.00:400 0040
.00:.40 00I0
!or e$a"ple6
Stock ite"
on:stock ite"
@ariable:si9e <te"
/ocu"ent ite"
Status
/escription
@alidity
-ot si9e area
;eader
<te" category
/escriptions
>uantities
Control data
<te"s
. pc
. pc
. pc
. pc
H pc
9)e settin,s t)at appl' for t)e w)ole .OM %an !e fon$ in t)e .OM )ea$er. .OM sa,e $etermines t)e
!siness appli%ations for w)i%) a .OM %an !e se$. 9)e stats of t)e .OM %ontrols w)et)er t)e .OM
is a%ti*e for parti%lar appli%ations ?MRP, for e1ampleA.
Mltiple .OMs, w)i%) %onsist of mltiple alternati*e .OMs, %an also e1ist in a$$ition to simple .OMs.
9)e $ifferent alternati*e .OMs %an t)en !e *ali$ for ea%) of t)e $ifferent lotBsi6e areas, for e1ample.
Components ne%essar' for t)e pro$%tion of t)e finis)e$ pro$%t are entere$ as items of t)e .OM. 9)e
item %ate,or' spe%ifies w)at &in$ of item 'o are $ealin, wit): Sto%& items are e1e%te$ in t)e
ware)ose an$ are se$ in pro$%tion. -n %ontrast, nonBsto%& items are $ire%tl' assi,ne$ to a
manfa%trin, or$er ?an$ not *ia t)e ware)oseA. 2aria!leBsi6e items %ontain *aria!leBsi6e $ata ?a steel
s)eet wit) a %ertain srfa%e area, for e1ampleA an$ finall', $o%ment items %ontain a spplementar'
$o%ment t)at $es%ri!es pro$%tion ?a &in$ of $esi,n an$ %onstr%tion $ia,ramA.
-n$i*i$al items t)emsel*es %an also !ear a mltit$e of frt)er settin,s, w)i%) t)en onl' refer to t)e
respe%ti*e item.
2.14
SAP AG 2003
=ork Centers (.*
3&ic& "or# centers are a%ailable for production4
Final Assembl =ork Center (Plant .000*
Costing Scheduling Capacities /e!ault @alue 0asic /ata
=hat ti"e ele"ents (standard values* should be considered in
planningB
=hat capacities are used in this #ork centerB
=hat available capacity is stagedB
=hat capacity category is relevant to schedulingB
;o# long do the individual steps (setup6 processing6 tear do#n*
takeB
=hat costs are incurred during processingB
A wor& %enter is t)e pla%e w)ere an operation or an a%ti*it' is %arrie$ ot in a plant. -t t)erefore spe%ifies
w)ere pro$%tion ltimatel' ta&es pla%e. +or& pla%es are se$ in rotin,s ?or also in networ&s,
inspe%tion plans ?Qalit' Mana,ementA or in maintenan%e tas& listsA. SAP R/3 wor& %enters %an !e
transferre$ to SAP APO as resor%es in t)e form of t)eir %apa%ities.
A wor& %enter is ,enerall' a %ertain ,eo,rap)i%al pla%e in t)e plant, for e1ample a %ertain ma%)ine or
$epartment of a plant.
9)e $ata of a wor& %enter is arran,e$ into $ifferent *iews a%%or$in, to topi%. -n parti%lar, t)e a*aila!le
%apa%it' of t)e parti%lar wor& %enter an$ t)e $ata nee$e$ to %al%late t)e %ostin, of wor& %omplete$ is
store$ in t)e wor& %enter. 0sin, $efalt *ales, $ata t)at )as to !e transferre$ into t)e operation of t)e
rotin, or w)i%) ser*es as a referen%e, is store$.
2.15
SAP AG 2003
=ork Centers (2*
3or# +enter +apacities
Capacities
Capacity cat. 00.
Machine capacity
Final Assembl =ork Center
Standard a%ail5 cap5
=orking ti"es
+esource utili9ation
A%ailable capacit
0. 2actory calend. </
o. indiv.capacities
E,00 to.I,00
.00J
Standard a%ail5 cap5
=orking ti"es
+esource utili9ation
A%ailable capacit
2actory calend. </
o. indiv.capacities
Capacity cat. 002
-abor capacity
=orking ti"es
0reak ti"es
<nterval o! avail. cap.
Shi!ts
Al#ays state,
Formulas for
capacit
requirements
Formulas for
capacit
requirements
0.
4
E,00 to.I,00
.00J
.
9)e %apa%ities t)at are a*aila!le to a wor& %enter are e1pli%itl' spe%ifie$ in t)e wor& %enter. More t)an
one %apa%it' per wor& %enter %an t)s !e se$. 7or e1ample, a wor& %enter %an !e assi,ne$ a ma%)ine
%apa%it' an$ a la!or %apa%it'.
9)e %apa%ities %ontain t)e wor&in, time t)at is a*aila!le. Moreo*er, formlas spe%if' )ow lon, t)e
%apa%ities will !e en%m!ere$ !' a %ertain operation.
Alon,si$e stan$ar$ a*aila!le %apa%it', inter*als of a*aila!le %apa%it' an$ wor& s%)e$les are store$.
9)ese spe%if' e1a%tl' w)en a %ertain ma%)ine is a*aila!le, for e1ample.
2.16
SAP AG 2003
+outings (.*
Production of Pump P*'..
+outing P5MP
Material P:.00 Pump
Plant .000
%ask list group I0000222
Group counter 0.
Pump (standard process)
)peratn.
00.0 .4.0
=ork
center
/escription
Staging according to pic list
%i"es
I "in. !i$ed
0020 .420 Press !l"#$eel in casing .0 "in. per . pc.
0040 .D0C Paint casing .I "in. per . pc.
0040 .D04 %o&nt s$a!t in casing 20 "in. per . pc.
00I0 .D0I 'inal asse()l" p&(p .0 "in. per . pc.
=ork
center
.4.0
=ork
center
.420
=ork
center
.D0C
=ork
center
.D04
=ork
center
.D0I
Rotin,s %ontain t)e steps t)at are ne%essar' for pro$%tion, t)at is, t)e %orrespon$in, operations, t)eir
seDen%e an$ t)e wor& %enters in w)i%) t)ese operations are to !e e1e%te$. SAP R/3 rotin,s %an !e
transferre$ to SAP APO in t)e form of pro$%tion pro%ess mo$els ?PPMsA.
An SAP R/3 rotin, %an !e $efine$ sin, t)e rotin, ,rop an$ t)e ,rop %onter. Moreo*er, t)e
rotin, %ontains referen%e to t)e material w)ose pro$%tion it $es%ri!es. A rotin, %an %ontain parallel
or alternati*e seDen%es in a$$ition to t)e stan$ar$ seDen%e.
Alon,si$e t)e stan$ar$ *ales, t)e rotin, also %ontains t)e time elements t)at are rele*ant for
s%)e$lin, operations. 9)erefore 'o nee$ to ma&e sre t)at ea%) operation in t)e rotin, %an %ontain its
own !ase Dantit', to w)i%) t)ese time elements %an refer.
2.17
SAP AG 2003
+outings (2*
2i$ed ti"e ele"ents
(independent o! lot si9e*
)peration standard values
i"ple"ented in the scheduling
!or"ulas o! the #ork center
result in,
Sc&eduling %ia Routing and 3or# +enter
)peration 40 Paint *asing
=ork center .D0C
Cap.
00.
Standard
value
Setup
Machine
;+
@ariable.
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
.
!
o
r
"
u
l
a
I "in.
.I "in.
.. Setup
2. Processing
4. %ear do#n
002
+outing P5MP
...
@ariable ti"e ele"ents
(dependent on lot si9e*
Scheduling
basis
A wor& %enter is assi,ne$ to an SAP R/3 operation. 0sin, its stan$ar$ *ale &e', t)e wor& %enter
spe%ifies w)i%) time elements ?stan$ar$ *alesA %an !e ta&en into %onsi$eration $rin, plannin, ?for
e1ample, setp time, ma%)ine time, personnel timeA. 9)e s%)e$lin, formlas store$ in t)e wor& %enter
$efine t)e $ration from t)e allowe$ time elements in t)e rotin,.
Setp, pro%essin, an$ tear $own of an SAP R/3 operation are ea%) $es%ri!e$ sin, a %orrespon$in,
formla. 9)e steps for w)i%) a formla is store$ are e1e%te$ ?for e1ample, tear $own ma' not !e
ne%essar'A.
-f se*eral %apa%ities are store$ in a wor& %enter, t)e s%)e$lin, !asis is se$ to $etermine w)i%) of t)ese
%apa%ities is rele*ant for s%)e$lin,.
2.18
SAP AG 2003
+outing and 0ill o! Material
+omponent Assignment in Routing
)p. .0
+outing
)p. 20
)p. 40
0)M
Mat. A
Mat. 0
Mat. C
Mat. P5MP
Production version 000.
+omponent assignment in
routing
)p. .0 )p. 20 )p. 40
Manu!acturing order P5MP
Mat. A Mat. 0
Mat. C
%i"e
Procure"ent and
consu"ption o! co"ponents
occur at the beginning o! the
processes to #hich they are
assigned
Pro$%tion is $es%ri!e$ *ia a rotin, an$ a .OM. 7or t)is reason, .OM %omponents %an !e assi,ne$ to
a %ertain operation. 9)e pro%rement of t)ese %omponents is t)en planne$ at t)e !e,innin, of t)e
parti%lar operation.
Component assi,nment is $ealt wit) in t)e rotin,. .OM %omponents t)at are not e1pli%itl' assi,ne$ are
%onsi$ere$ as !ein, assi,ne$ to t)e first operation.
-n a$$ition to .OM %omponents, pro$%tion resor%es/tools %an also !e assi,ne$ in t)e rotin,.
Pro$%tion resor%es/tools are operatin, fa%ilities t)at are not lo%ationB!on$, !t t)at are ne%essar' for
pro$%tion, s%) as a measrin, instrment or a spport.
2.19
SAP AG 2003
Master /ata in Process <ndustries
+outing
/iscrete "anu!acturing
0)M
=ork center
Production order
Process "anu!acturing
Process order
Master recipe
0)M
+esource
As pre*iosl' $es%ri!e$, $is%rete manfa%trin, master $ata is se$ w)en t)e %ontrollin, of pro$%tion
is mappe$ wit) pro$%tion or$ers. A pro$%tion or$er t)s ses rotin,s, wor& %enters an$ .OMs.
Ot)er master $ata is reDire$ if pro$%tion is to !e mappe$ wit) pro%ess manfa%trin, ?PPBP-A. A
master re%ipe instea$ of t)e rotin, an$ resor%es instea$ of wor& %enters are se$ for t)e pro%ess or$er.
/is%rete manfa%trin, master $ata %an lo,i%all' !e transferre$ to t)e pro%ess in$striesI terminolo,'.
9)e master re%ipe is a%tall' a spe%ial rotin, t)at was en)an%e$ wit) pro%ess in$str'Bspe%ifi%
fn%tions. Moreo*er, in Pro$%tion Plannin,BPro%ess -n$stries ?PPBP-A, pro$%tion *ersions are sall'
se$, so t)at t)e %orrespon$in, .OMs are assi,ne$ $ire%tl' to a re%ipe. Maintenan%e of t)e .OMs %an
t)s ta&e pla%e $ire%tl' from t)e re%ipe.
9)e resor%e lar,el' %orrespon$s to t)e wor& %enter.
All of t)e pre*iosl' portra'e$ %one%tions t)s also remain *ali$ in PPBP-. Material ReDirements
Plannin, for e1ample, is %ompletel' i$enti%al for PP an$ PPBP-.
2.20
SAP AG 2003
%ransaction /ata )b'ects in the Supply Chain
SP stock trans!ers
Stock trans!ers
Stock transport releases
Planned orders
Production
Production orders
Purch. re&uisitions
Purchase orders3schedule
lines
Sales orders
Plnd ind. re&"ts
Plnd ind. re&"ts
Sppl' C)ain Plannin, ta&es pla%e !ase$ on master $ata ?wor& %enters, for e1ampleA. 9)e reslt of t)is
plannin, is transa%tion $ata, w)i%) is se$ to plan pro%rement.
9)e plannin, pro%ess sall' starts wit) in$epen$ent reDirements t)at are store$ as planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements or sales or$ers. 9)ese spe%if' $eman$s in a $istri!tion %enter or sales %enter,
for e1ample. :owe*er, in$epen$ent reDirements %an also !e %reate$ $ire%tl' for an in$i*i$al
pro$%tion plant.
Go se t)e networ& to plan )ow to flfill t)ese in$epen$ent reDirements. 9)e' are flfille$ !' eit)er
sto%& transfers, inB)ose pro$%tion, or e1ternal pro%rement.
Sto%& transfers are mo$ele$ t)ro,) S8P sto%& transfers, inB)ose pro$%tion is mo$ele$ t)ro,)
planne$ or$ers an$ pro$%tion or$ers, an$ e1ternal pro%rement is mo$ele$ t)ro,) pr%)ase
reDisitions an$ pr%)ase or$ers ?or s%)e$lin, a,reement releasesA.
2.21
SAP AG 2003
Sales )rders and Planned <ndependent
+e&uire"ents
Sales order
Sold:to party 1.000 2ec#er 2erlin
Supplying plant 2I00 D+ Rotterdam
Material P:.00
Custo"er
1.000
/C
2I00
Plant
.000
=hat product does the
custo"er re&uire6 on
#hat date6 and #hat
&uantityB
2ro" #hich plant or /C
should the custo"er
receive suppliesB
.0 pc 20. .2. 2002
Planned ind. re&"nts
Plant .000 !e" 6or#
=hat &uantities o! the
product should be
producedB
Sales
Forecast
Planning table
Material P:.00 .00 pc
M ..2004
..0 pc
M 2.2004
..0 pc
M 4.2004
.20 pc
M 4.2004
...
Sales or$ers are %reate$ in Sales an$ /istri!tion ?SAP R/3 S/A. 9)e' portra' an or$er ma$e !' a
%stomer, w)ere!' a %ertain Dantit' of a pro$%t is reDire$ !' a pre$etermine$ $ate. Sales or$ers
represent a reDirement in t)e sppl'in, plant.
Ma&eBtoBsto%& plannin, is reali6e$ in a /C or a pro$%tion plant *ia planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements.
Planne$ %onsmptions are t)s fore%ast. Pro%rement ta&es pla%e as a reslt of t)is plannin, an$
fore%ast. -$eall', if %on%rete reDirements s!seDentl' e1ist ?in t)e form of sales or$ers or $epen$ent
reDirements, for e1ampleA, t)ese %an !e met from t)e ware)ose.
2.22
SAP AG 2003
Stock %rans!ers
Stock %ransport +elease
/C
2I00
Plant
.000
Plant
2400
+o%erage of Requirements %ia Stoc# 7ransport from Anot&er
)ocation
Plant (target location* 2I00
Source o! Supply
.000
Material P:.00 .0 pc 20. .2. 2002
Supplying
plant
<n #hat &uantity and
!or #hat date is the
"aterial to be
procuredB
=here #ill the
"aterial be
procuredB
<n procure"ent via
stock transport !ro"
o#n location
Material P:.00 .0 pc .E. .2. 2002
3 da
deli%er
time
=hen is the "aterial
procured in the
source locationB
Stock transports (!or e$a"ple6 !or
asse"blies* can also be carried out
bet#een t#o production plants.
ReDirements %an !e met !' sto%& transports from ot)er lo%ations in t)e lo%ation networ&. 7or t)is
pro%essin,, a pr%)ase reDisition for pro%rement from t)e @sppl'in, plant@ is %reate$ in t)e lo%ation
ma&in, t)e reDest. -n retrn, t)e sppl'in, plant re%ei*es a reDirement in t)e form of a sto%& transport
release.
2.23
SAP AG 2003
Planned )rders and Production )rders
Plant
.000
Planned )rder
Material P:.00
Plant .000
)rder &uantity .0 pc
.E..2.2002
1nd
.0..2.2002
Start
...
Production )rder
Material P:.00
Plant .000
.E..2.2002
1nd
.0..2.2002
Start
A+:+7S
...
0020 00.0 0040 0040
7&e material 8Pump8
is produced in plant
'... (procurement
tpe9 in*&ouse
production)
+asing .0 pc
/ep. re&. +asing .0 pc
Convert
Planne$ or$ers are se$ to plan t)e inB)ose pro$%tion of a material. Planne$ or$ers alrea$' %ontain t)e
!asi% $ates wit)in w)i%) pro$%tion s)ol$ ta&e pla%e. Moreo*er, t)e' %ontain, in t)e form of $epen$ent
reDirements, t)e %omponent reDirements for t)e %omponents t)at are nee$e$ for pro$%tion. Capa%it'
ReDirements Plannin, %an !e e1e%te$ !ase$ on planne$ or$ers.
7or t)e ltimate e1e%tion of pro$%tion, t)e planne$ or$er is %on*erte$ into a pro$%tion or$er, t)at is, a
pro$%tion or$er ?PPA or a pro%ess or$er ?PPBP-A.
2.24
SAP AG 2003
Purchase +e&uisitions and Purchase )rders
Plant
.000
Planned order
Material .00:.40
Plant .000
)rder &uantity H0 pc
0H..2.2002 0...2.2002
7&e material 8scre"8
is boug&t for plant
'... (procurement
tpe9 external
procurement)
Convert
Plant .000
Source o!
Supply
Material .00:.40 H0 pc .0. .2. 2002
Supplier
Purchase order
Plant .000
Source o!
Supply
Material .00:.40 H0 pc .0. .2. 2002
C.7.0. 0erlin -.000
7or e1ternall' pro%re$ materials, plannin, of pro%rement %an ta&e pla%e !' means of planne$ or$ers or
pr%)ase reDisitions. -f planne$ or$ers are %reate$ at first, t)e' )a*e to !e %on*erte$ into pr%)ase
reDisitions. Plannin, is also $ire%tl' possi!le wit) s%)e$lin, a,reement releases.
-n pr%)asin,, pr%)ase reDisitions are %on*erte$ into pr%)ase or$ers. 8o later t)an t)is step s)ol$ a
sor%e of sppl' ?a spplierA assi,ne$ to pr%)ase or$ers .
2.25
SAP AG 2003
Supply Chain Planning in the SAP Syste" Group
+34 AP)
7ransaction data
AP) +34
$aster data
Plants6 vendors6 custo"ers
Materials
=ork centers (capacities*
%ask lists and bills o!
"aterial
...
Sales orders
Planned3production
orders
Purchase orders
Stocks
...
Planning Results
Production orders
)rder proposals
+esult o! availability check
...
AP)
0=
+34 4.CC
+34 4..<
7or Sppl' C)ain Plannin,, t)e SAP APO s'stem is se$ in %onne%tion wit) t)e SAP R/3 s'stem.
;in&a,e wit) SAP R/3 s'stems ?one or moreA ta&es pla%e *ia t)e SAP APO Core -nterfa%e ?C-7A. A
mtal s'stem %onne%tion )as !een set p in Cstomi6in,, in t)e form of R7C %onne%tions, w)i%)
ma&es it possi!le to transfer $ata rele*ant for t)e plannin, pro%esses from t)e e1e%tion SAP R/3 s'stem
into SAP APO, an$ also to retrn t)e plannin, reslts from SAP APO to SAP R/3.
9)e $ata transfer !etween SAP R/3 an$ SAP APO s'stems is $efine$ an$ %ontrolle$ sin, t)e SAP APO
Core -nterfa%e ?C-7A. 9)e C-7 is t)e %entral interfa%e se$ to %onne%t SAP APO to t)e SAP R/3 s'stem
en*ironment. 9)e C-7 interfa%e is an a$$Bon to t)e SAP R/3 s'stem t)at 'o install sin, t)e rele*ant
pl,Bin.
2.26
SAP AG 2003
<ntegration Model and SAP AP):+elevant /ata
AP)
SAP APO*rele%ant master data/transaction data is selected in
t&e acti%e integration models of t&e +:F
...
P5MPS MAS%7+ /A%A
<ntegration "odels active
Materials are SAP
AP):relevant
a"e P5MPS
Applic. MAS%7+ /A%A
Material "aster
+elevant "aterials
Material
Plant .000
...
...
<ntegration "odel
Planning for
t&ese ob;ects
ta#es place in
SAP APO
P5MPS %+ASAC%. /A%A
...
Material A
Material 0
Material C
O!>e%ts t)at s)ol$ !e planne$ in SAP APO are sele%te$ in inte,ration mo$els in t)e C-7 of SAP R/3.
+)en a%ti*atin, an inte,ration mo$el for t)e first time, initial $ata transfer o%%rs, t)at is, t)e sele%te$
$ata is transferre$ to SAP APO for t)e first time. -f a mo$el is t)s a%ti*e, t)e $ata t)at )as !een sele%te$
e1ists in SAP APO a%%or$in,l'. 9)is $ata is $es%ri!e$ as SAP APOBrele*ant.
-nte,ration mo$els are $efine$ in SAP R/3. +)en $oin, so, 'o pre$etermine t)e o!>e%t t'pes first of all
?material masters, plants, %stomers, pro$%tion or$ers, for e1ampleA !efore 'o sele%t t)e in$i*i$al
o!>e%ts ?for e1ample, *ia t)e material nm!erA. -nte,ration onl' !e%omes a%ti*e on%e 'o @A%ti*ate@.
An' %)an,es 'o ma&e to t)e master $ata in t)e SAP R/3 s'stem t)at are SAP APOBrele*ant, mst !e
transferre$ into t)e SAP APO s'stem too. An in%remental $ata transfer assmes t)at an a%ti*e
inte,ration mo$el is a*aila!le for t)e rele*ant materials, an$ t)at t)e materials are SAP APOBrele*ant.
2.27
SAP AG 2003
Supply Chain Master /ata in SAP +34 and SAP AP)
:nitial transfer
:ncremental data transfer
Core
<nter!ace
(C<2*
AP) +34
=ork center3capacity
+outing and bill o! "aterial
+esource
Production process "odel
Plant
Custo"er
Supplier
Material "aster
-ocation (#ith location
type*
Product "aster
SAP +34 "aster data SAP AP) "aster data
9)e SAP APO Core -nterfa%e %on%erns a realBtime interfa%e. Onl' t)e $ata o!>e%ts nee$e$ in t)e $ata
str%tres re%on%ile$ in Sppl' C)ain Plannin, in SAP APO for t)e parti%lar plannin, an$ optimi6ation
pro%esses are transferre$ from t)e %omple1 $ataset in SAP R/3 to SAP APO.
.ot) t)e initial $ata transfer ?initial transferA an$ t)e transfer of $ata %)an,es wit)in SAP APO ta&e
pla%e *ia t)e SAP APO Core -nterfa%e.
9)e master $ata o!>e%ts in SAP APO are not i$enti%al to t)ose in SAP R/3. /rin, master $ata transfer,
t)e rele*ant SAP R/3 master $ata is sall' mappe$ onto %orrespon$in, SAP APO plannin, master $ata.
9)e SAP R/3 s'stem is alwa's t)e $ominant s'stem for master $ata. Onl' spe%ifi% SAP APO master
$ata t)at $oes not e1ist in SAP R/3 is %reate$ $ire%tl' in SAP APO.
2.28
SAP AG 2003
Master /ata Changes
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
+outing and bill o! "aterial
+esource
Plant
Custo"er
Supplier
Material "aster
-ocation (#ith location
type*
Product "aster
<ncre"ental data
trans!er
C<2
Changes to "aster
data
At "ost6 only SAP
AP) settings are
"aintained in SAP
AP)
9)e SAP R/3 s'stem remains t)e $ominant s'stem for t)e master $ata. Maintenan%e of master $ata, t)at
is, t)e %reation of new $ata or %)an,es to e1istin, $ata ta&es pla%e in SAP R/3. 8ew $ata as well as $ata
%)an,es are t)en transferre$ from SAP R/3 to SAP APO *ia t)e SAP APO Core -nterfa%e.
+it)in t)e framewor& of a $ata transfer from SAP R/3 to SAP APO, t)e %)an,e$ $ata re%or$s ?a
material master, for e1ampleA are, in prin%iple, %ompletel' retransferre$. 7or t)is reason, it $oes not
ma&e sense to maintain t)e settin,s in SAP APO, t)at %an !e transferre$ from SAP R/3.
-$eall', maintenan%e of master $ata ta&es pla%e e1%lsi*el' in SAP R/3. :owe*er, SAP APO master $ata
settin,s, t)at is, settin,s t)at )a*e no %onterpart in SAP R/3 nee$ to )a*e t)eir $ata maintaine$ $ire%tl'
in SAP APO.
2.29
SAP AG 2003
Supply Chain %ransaction /ata in SAP +34 and SAP
AP)
AP) transaction data
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
Purchase orders
Purch. re&uisitions
Sales orders
Planned orders
Planned ind. re&"ts
+eservations
Stocks
...
:nitial data
transfer
Real time
+34 transaction data
)rder #ith category
Purchase order (Pch)rd*
Purch. re&uis. (Pur+&s*
Sales order (Sales)rder*
Planned order (Pl)rd*
Pld. ind. re&s. (2Cre&*
+eservation (Prd+es*
=arehouse stock (Stock*
...
+&ange
transfer
9)e sele%tion of transa%tion $ata to !e transferre$ to SAP APO is spe%ifie$ in an inte,ration mo$el 'o
$efine in SAP R/3. All transa%tion $ata is mappe$ to or$ers in SAP APO, w)i%) are $istin,is)e$ !'
t)eir A9P %ate,or'. SAP APO transa%tion $ata is t)erefore not i$enti%al SAP R/3 transa%tion $ata.
Mappin, of o!>e%ts on top of one anot)er ta&es pla%e *ia t)e C-7 Core -nterfa%e.
An initial $ata transfer also o%%rs for transa%tion $ata. As a rle, t)e hange !ran"#er !etween SAP R/3
an$ SAP APO follows atomati%all' for transa%tion $ata o!>e%ts !elon,in, to an a%ti*e inte,ration
mo$el. 8ew transa%tion $ata or %)an,es to e1istin, transa%tion $ata are transferre$ atomati%all'.
2.30
SAP AG 2003
Supply Chain Planning takes place in the !ollo#ing
locations, Plant6 distribution center6 custo"er and
vendor.
Supply Chain Planning takes place at "aterial level.
Material "asters contain general and location:
speci!ic data.
Material !lo# in the Supply Chain is speci!ied via
e$ternal procure"ent relationships. 2or e$a"ple6 a
production plant can6 via stock transport6 procure !or
a distribution center.
Production o! a "aterial in a plant is described via
0)Ms and routings. <ndividual steps are carried out
at #ork centers.
Master and %ransaction /ata, 5nit Su""ary (.*
2.31
SAP AG 2003
<ndependent re&uire"ents in the !or" o! planned
independent re&uire"ents or sales orders trigger
procure"ent in the net#ork.
Stock transport bet#een locations o! oneKs o#n
procure"ent net#ork can be planned #ith the help o!
stock transport re&uire"ents.
<n:house production is planned on the basis o!
planned and production orders6 e$ternal procure"ent
via purchase re&uisitions and purchase orders.
=hen using SAP AP)6 all "aster data needed !or
planning is trans!erred !ro" SAP +34 to SAP AP) via
the C<2 <nter!ace, %ransaction data is also e$changed
via the C<2 <nter!ace.
Master and %ransaction /ata, 5nit Su""ary (2*
2.32Ma"!er an$ %ran"a!i&n 'a!a ()eri"e"
*ni!+ Ma"!er 'a!a an$ %ran"a!i&n 'a!a
%&pi+ S,P -.3 Ma"!er 'a!a
At t)e en$ of t)ese e1er%ises, 'o will !e a!le to:
$ispla' t)e SAP R/3 master $ata t)at is ne%essar' for t)e
pro$%tion of a material in a plant.
Pmps wit) t)e material nm!er 9B72LL ?LL represents 'or
,rop nm!erA are pro$%e$ in Plant 1000. Pro$%tion Plannin,
an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, for pmp 9B72LL ta&es pla%e in SAP
APO, w)ereas t)e master $ata is %reate$ in SAP R/3 an$
transferre$ to SAP APO from t)ere.
0sin, t)e master $ata in SAP R/3, 'o familiari6e 'orself wit)
t)e pro$%tion plannin, pro%ess of /etaile$ S%)e$lin,.
1B1 /ispla' t)e material master of pmp 9B72LL in plant 1000. -n t)e SAP R/3 S'stem, se
t)e transa%tion to $ispla' material masters, w)i%) 'o %all from t)e pro$%tion master
$ata men, for e1ample.
1B1B1 On%e 'o )a*e a%%esse$ t)e transa%tion, enter Ma!erial %-/2001 on t)e
followin, s%reen sele%t t)e *iews 2a"i 'a!a 11 M-P 1 to M-P 4 an$ 3&r4
She$uling. 7inall', enter Plan! 1000 as t)e Organi5a!i&nal 6evel.
1B1B2 /ispla' t)e .asi% /ata 1 *iew. +)at is t)e e1a%t $es%ription of t)e materialM
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
+)at material t'pe $oes t)e material !elon, toM
1B1B3 0se Enter to ,et to t)e ne1t sele%te$ *iews.
-s t)e material pro$%e$ inB)ose or pro%re$ e1ternall' ?*iew MRP2AM
1B1B5 Pro%ee$ to *iew MRP 5 ?!' %)oosin, Enter twi%e, for e1ampleA. :as a
pro$%tion *ersion !een $efine$ for t)e materialM
/ispla' t)e $etails for Pr&$u!i&n ver"i&n 0001. +)at lotBsi6e ran,e %an t)is
pro$%tion *ersion !e se$ forM
A rotin, an$ a .OM )a*e !een $efine$ in t)e pro$%tion *ersion. +)at is t)e
nm!er of t)is rotin,M
9as& list ,rop: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
(rop %onter: NNNNNNN
+)at .OM )as !een $efine$M
0se: NNNNNNNNNNNNN
Alternati*e: NNNNNNNNNNNNN
1B1B" E1it t)e pro$%tion *ersion an$ $ispla' t)e *iew +or& s%)e$lin,. +)at inB
)ose pro$%tion time )as !een entere$ )ereM
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Ro,)l' )ow lon, $oes t)e pro$%tion of 100 pmps t)s ta&eM
/oes t)is time in%l$e t)e pro%rement of t)e ne%essar' assem!l' ,rops an$
%omponentsM
1B2 9o fin$ ot w)i%) assem!lies an$ %omponents are ne%essar' for t)e pro$%tion of
Pmp 9B72LL, $ispla' t)e .OM t)at is se$ in t)e pro$%tion *ersion 0001 ?see
a!o*eA:
1B2B1 /ispla' t)e material .OM for t)e Ma!erial %-/200. Go %an fin$ t)e
%orrespon$in, transa%tion in t)e pro$%tion master $ata. Call p t)e transa%tion
an$ enter 2OM u"age 1 for t)e material, Plan! 1000. Go a%%ess t)e item
o*er*iew !' %)oosin, Enter. +)at %omponents are nee$e$ for t)e pro$%tion
of t)e pmp ?fi*e materials, one $o%mentAM
1B2B2 +)i%) O%omponentsP are t)emsel*es ma$e p of frt)er %omponentsM ?note t)e
Assembly in$i%atorA.
1B2B3 /o!le %li%& on t)e Assembly in$i%ator in t)e .OM item to enter t)e .OM of
t)e assem!l'. -n $oin, so, note w)i%) %omponents are %ontaine$ in ,""e78ly
%-2100.
1B3 7inall', $ispla' t)e $ifferent steps t)at )a*e to !e %arrie$ ot to pro$%e Pmp 9B72LL.
9o $o t)is, refer to t)e rotin, t)at is %ontaine$ in pro$%tion *ersion 0001 ?see a!o*eA:
1B3B1 /ispla' t)e rotin, for Ma!erial %-/200. Go %an fin$ t)e %orrespon$in,
transa%tion in t)e pro$%tion master $ata. Call p t)e transa%tion an$ enter t)e
material an$ Plan! 1000. Go a%%ess t)e )ea$er o*er*iew !' %)oosin, Enter.
Sele%t t)e first plan in t)e o*er*iew ?t)at is, t)e plan wit) 9r&up &un!er 1, as
$efine$ in t)e pro$%tion *ersionA an$ pro%ee$ to t)e Opera!i&n Overview for
t)is plan ?simpl' $o!le %li%& on t)e %orrespon$in, lines in t)e )ea$er
o*er*iew.
+)i%) operations are %arrie$ ot at w)i%) wor& %enters ?note t)e operation
$es%riptionsAM
0010: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
00"0: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
00#0: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
1B3B2 8ow enter t)e %omponent o*er*iew ?sin, C&7p&nen! all&a!i&n-generiA.
Are %omponents assi,ne$ to operations ot)er t)an t)e first oneM
8ote: no e1pli%it assi,nment means t)at %omponents !elon, to t)e first
operation.
()eri"e"
%&pi+ S,P ,PO Ma"!er 'a!a
$ispla' t)e SAP APO master $ata t)at is ne%essar' for t)e
pro$%tion of a material in a lo%ation.
%hi" e)eri"e i" &p!i&nal.
Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, for pmp 9B72LL
ta&es pla%e in SAP APO, w)ereas t)e master $ata is %reate$ in
SAP R/3 an$ transferre$ to SAP APO from t)ere.
7amiliari6e 'orself wit) t)e master $ata in SAP APO.
2B1 9)e pro$%tion of Pmp 9B72LL is planne$ in SAP APO. 9)e master $ata t)at is
ne%essar' for pro$%tion was %reate$ in SAP R/3 an$ transferre$ from t)ere to SAP
APO. 0sin, t)e pro$%t master an$ t)e pro$%tion pro%ess mo$el as an e1ample, loo&
at t)e reslt of t)e $ata transfer to SAP APO.
2B1B1 -n S,P ,PO %all p Pr&$u4! %-/200 in t)e master $ata. Display t)e $ata for
t)is pro$%t in 6&a!i&n 1000. ;oo& at t)e pro%rement ta! pa,e. +)at
pro%rement t'pe )as !een entere$ )ereM
/oes t)e pro%rement t'pe %orrespon$ to t)e settin, in t)e SAP R/3 material
master t)at 'o loo&e$ at in t)e last set of e1er%isesM
2B1B2 /ispla' t)e Pr&$u!i&n pr&e"" 7&$el :PPM; in t)e master $ata in SAP APO.
Sele%t t)is !' sin, Pr&$u! nu78er %-/200 an$ !' enterin, 6&a!i&n 1000.
Go enter t)e PPM sin, t)e Display fn%tion.
9)e SAP APO pro$%tion pro%ess mo$el is a reslt of t)e
transfer of t)e SAP R/3 rotin, an$ .OM. -t is a
%omparati*el' %omple1 master re%or$. 0sin, t)e flow%)art,
'o %an %reate an o*er*iew of t)e in$i*i$al pro$%tion
steps. 9)e' %orrespon$ to t)e pro%ess t)at 'o !e%ame
familiar wit) sin, t)e SAP R/3 rotin,.
Go $ispla' t)e PPM sin, t)ree $ifferent s%reen areas. Go se t)e ,rap)i% in
t)e !ottom left area of t)e s%reen, firstl' !' enlar,in, it onto a ,reater area of
t)e s%reen ?!' mo*in, t)e $i*i$in, linesA an$ t)en !' sin, t)e fn%tion fit to
objects. 9)e str%tre of t)e PPM s)ol$ now !e %learl' *isi!le.
Go %an see t)e $ifferent &pera!i&n" 0010 !& 0060 in t)e left part of t)e %)art.
.' pla%in, t)e mose %rsor o*er an' of t)e s'm!ols, t)e operation
$es%riptions are ma$e *isi!le. /o t)e operations %orrespon$ to t)e operations in
SAP R/3, t)at 'o note$ $own pre*iosl'M
-n t)e SAP APO PPM, an operation is split p into se*eral
a%ti*ities. Go %an re%o,ni6e t)ese a%ti*ities !' t)e
Flywheel symbol to t)e ri,)t of t)e operations. 9)e
operations are %arrie$ ot one after t)e ot)er. 9)e pro%ess
%an !e re%o,ni6e$ !' t)e re$ arrow !etween t)e a%ti*ities.
-n t)e %)art, *iew t)e %omponents t)at are assi,ne$ to operation 0010 ?or to !e
more pre%ise, t)e %omponents t)at are assi,ne$ to t)e first a%ti*it' of t)is
operationA. /o t)e %omponents %orrespon$ to t)e %omponents in t)e SAP R/3
rotin,, t)at 'o note$ $own pre*iosl'M
E1plain t)e $ifferen%e.
2.33Ma"!er an$ %ran"a!i&n 'a!a- S&lu!i&n"
%&pi+ S,P -.3 Ma"!er 'a!a
1+1 SAP R/3 (en& pat$, )ogistics Production $aster Data $aterial $aster
$aterial Displa Displa +urrent
1B1B1
1B1B2 Material $es%ription: Pu7p P-(C<S<O= 102
Material t'pe: /(-% :#ini"he$ pr&$u!;
1B1B3 Pro$%e$ inB)ose or pro%re$ e1ternall': %he 7a!erial i" pr&$ue$ in-h&u"e.
:Pr&ure7en! %ype (;.
1B1B5 Pro$%tion *ersion $efine$M: >e"1 a pr&$u!i&n ver"i&n ha" 8een $e#ine$.
%he ver"i&n in$ia!&r ha" 8een "e!.
;otBsi6e area of pro$%tion *ersion 0001: %he pr&$u!i&n ver"i&n an 8e u"e$
#&r l&!-"i5e" &# 1 !& 9991999 piee".
Rotin,:
9as& list ,rop: varie"1 #&r e)a7ple 50000492(rop %onter: 1
.ill of material:
0se: 1
Alternati*e: 1
1B1B" -nB)ose pro$%tion time: , "e!up !i7e &# 0.07 $ay"1 a ?ueue !i7e &# 0.71
$ay" an$ a pr&e""ing !i7e &# 15148 $ay" per 100 piee" ha" 8een en!ere$.
9ime ta&en to pro$%e 100 pmps: %he !&!al &# !he a8&ve-7en!i&ne$ !i7e
ele7en!" give" !he !i7e nee$e$ !& pr&$ue 100 pu7p"1 !ha! i"1 r&ughly 16
$ay".
Pro%rement of t)e ne%essar' assem!lies an$ %omponents in%l$e$M: =&1 !hi" i"
!he !i7e !a4en !& pr&$ue !he pu7p" &nly.
1+2 SAP R/3 (en& pat$, )ogistics Production $aster Data 2ills of $aterial 2ill of
$aterial $aterial 2O$ Displa
1B2B1 Components nee$e$ to pro$%e t)e pmps: Ma!erial" %-21001 %-222001 %-
23001 %-24001 %-%3001 '&u7en! @,""e78ly $rawing #&r pu7pA.
1B2B2 Components %onsistin, of frt)er %omponents: %he &7p&nen!" %-21001 %-
222001 %-23001 %-2400 are 7a$e up &# #ur!her &7p&nen!".
1B2B3 Components !elon,in, to Assem!l' 9B.1LL: Ma!erial" %-%1001 %-%2001 %-
%300.
1+3 SAP R/3 (en& pat$, )ogistics Production $aster Data Routings Routings
Standard Routings Displa
1+3+1 -perations and #or centers,
0010+ Ma!erial "!aging 8y pi4ing li"!1 %-M00
0020+ Pre"" #lywheel in a"ing1 %-B00
0030+ Pain! a"ing -,6 1015 whi!e1 %-600
0040+ <n"er! h&ll&w "ha#! in a"ing1 %-(00
0050+ /inal ,""e78ly &# pu7p1 %-/00
0060+ 'eliver !& "!&41 %-P00
1B3B2 Components assi,ne$ to operations ot)er t)an t)e first one: =&1 n&ne &# !he
&7p&nen!" are a""igne$ e)plii!ly.
S&lu!i&n"
%&pi+ S,P ,PO Ma"!er 'a!a
2+1 SAP AP- (en& pat$, AP) Master /ata Product
2B1B1 Pro%rement t'pe: Pr&ure7en! !ype ( #&r in-h&u"e pr&$u!i&n
Correspon$ to SAP R/3M >e"1 !he pr&ure7en! !ype &rre"p&n$" !& !he
"e!!ing in S,P -.3.
2B1B2 SAP APO men pat): APO Master Data Production Process Model
Operations %orrespon$ to SAP R/3M >e"1 !he &pera!i&n" &rre"p&n$ !& !h&"e
in S,P -.3.
Components %orrespon$ to t)ose in SAP R/3M <n S,P ,PO1 !he &7p&nen!
%-%300 an$ !he $&u7en! i!e7 are 7i""ing.
E1planation: C&7p&nen! %-%300 i" n&! &n!aine$ in any a!ive in!egra!i&n
7&$el1 an$ i" !hu" n&! planne$ in S,P ,PO :8u! in S,P -.3 in"!ea$;. ," a
rule1 $&u7en! i!e7" are n&! !ran"#erre$ !& S,P ,PO.
3
SAP AG 2003
/e"and Planning in SAP +34 (SAP +34 S)P*
/e"and Planning in SAP AP) (AP) /P*
Advantages o! SAP AP) /P
<ntegration bet#een SAP +34 and SAP AP)
/e"and plans and planned independent re&uire"ents
Contents,
/e"and Planning
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
3.2
SAP AG 2003
/escribe the concept and !unctions o! /e"and
Planning
a"e the "ost i"portant tools in /e"and Planning
)utline the di!!erences o! /e"and Planning in SAP
+34 and SAP AP)
Create a si"ple sales !orecast6 and release the
results to Production Planning.
/e"and Planning, 5nit )b'ectives
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
3.3
SAP AG 2003
Course )vervie# /iagra" (4*
/e"and Planning
Course )vervie#
Planning
/e"and
Manage"ent
Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
3.4
SAP AG 2003
/e"and Planning )vervie#
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
Planning (M+P*
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Capacity
+e&uire"ents
Planning (C+P*
/e"and Manage"ent
0= -<S
/e"and Planning
(/P*
2le$ible Planning
Standard S)P
/eman$ Plannin, %an !e %arrie$ ot wit)in fle1i!le plannin, in SAP R/3 or in t)e form of /eman$
Plannin, ?/PA in SAP APO.
/eman$ Plannin, is *er' fle1i!le. /ifferent past fi,res, s%) as t)ose t)at are ma$e a*aila!le in t)e
SAP R/3 ;o,isti% -nformation S'stem ?;-SA or t)e SAP .siness -nformation +are)ose ?.+A %an !e
se$ for fore%astin,. 9)ere are a mltit$e of al,orit)ms t)at 'o %an %)oose from to %reate t)e fore%ast
itself.
/eman$ Plannin, is often se$ to %reate a pro$%tion pro,ram. /eman$ Plannin, reslts are t)en
transferre$ to /eman$ Mana,ement as planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements. Go %an eit)er %ontine sin,
t)e reslt of SAP APO /eman$ Plannin, in SAP APO or transfer t)em to SAP R/3.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5
3.5
SAP AG 2003
/e"and Planning Planning -evels
/istribution centers (/C*
+egions
Aug. Sept.
.32 .33 .34 .35 .36 .37 .38 .3/ .40 .41
Material
Material hierarchy
0
u
c
k
e
t
s
S
o
l
d
:
t
o

p
a
r
t
y
/eman$ Plannin, is a tool for fore%astin, ftre $eman$s. Go %an %reate Dantit'B!ase$ as well as
*aleB!ase$ plans. Go %an freel' %)oose 'or plannin, le*els, t)at is, 'o %an plan 'or ftre $eman$s
for spe%ifi% %stomers, re,ions or sales or,ani6ations. 9ime !%&et profiles %an also !e freel' $efine$
for plannin,.
Plannin, le*els are $efine$ sin, %)ara%teristi%s in t)e s'stem. C)ara%teristi% *ales are t)s t)e o!>e%ts
!' w)i%) 'o a,,re,ate, $isa,,re,ate an$ e*alate !siness $ata.
Plannin, $ata is store$ in t)e form of &e' fi,res. Qe' fi,res %ontain nmeri%al *ales t)at si,nif'
eit)er a Dantit' or a *aleC for e1ample pro>e%te$ sales *ale in eros or pro>e%te$ sales Dantit' in
pallets.
9ime %)ara%teristi%s $efine t)e !%&ets in w)i%) 'o *iew, plan an$ store $ata.
9)e mlti$imensional natre of t)e $ata store allows for powerfl $ata anal'sis %apa!ilities sin, t)e
sele%tion, $rillBp an$ $rill $own fn%tions of /eman$ Plannin,.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 "
3.6
SAP AG 2003
%he /e"and Planning Concept
data
Statistical !orecasting
Collaborative !orecasting
)verrides
Market intelligence
Planning levels6 !or e$a"ple
-ocation
Product hierarchy
Sold:to party
Sales organi9ation
+egion
Sales
orders
<nvoices Goods
issue
9)e SAP APO /P li!rar' of statisti%al fore%astin, tools an$ a$*an%e$ ma%ro te%)niDes allows 'o to
%reate fore%asts !ase$ on sales )istor' as well as an' nm!er of %asal fa%tors, an$ se a %onsenssB
!ase$ approa%) to %onsoli$ate t)e reslts.
Mar&etin, intelli,en%e an$ mana,ement a$>stments %an !e a$$e$ sin, fore%ast o*erri$es an$
promotions.
A,,re,ate$ a%tal $ata %an !e e1tra%te$ from t)e SAP R/3 s'stem in e1a%tl' t)e same wa' as it %an !e
importe$ from SAP .+, E1%el, or le,a%' s'stems.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 #
3.7
SAP AG 2003
%he /e"and Planning Process
data
Consu"ption
possible
5pdate +elease
Planned independent
re&uire"ents
Sales
orders
9)e sli$e s)ows t)e /eman$ Plannin, %'%le: Past sales or$er Dantities form a !asis for t)e fore%astin,
of ftre $eman$s. -n a$$ition, mar&et intelli,en%e or oneBoff e*ents ?s%) as tra$e fairsA %an !e in%l$e$
in t)e fore%ast. As a reslt of t)e fore%ast, t)e $eman$ plan is release$ as a planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirement. Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements form a !asis for pro%rement an$ pro$%tion plannin,
an$ %an, for e1ample, %onsme t)e %rrent sales or$ers.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 E
3.8
SAP AG 2003
Consistent Planning
Consistent planning (top
do#n6 "iddle out6
botto" up*
/rilldo#n and drill:up
!unctions
= 24 = 24 = 24 /e"and Planning
%otal
P:.04
P:.02
P:.04
P:.0I
I0
I0
I0
200
I0
I0
C0
I0
2.0
I0
.00
.20
.00
420
.00
Pr!u"#$
Sl!-# par#y
Consistent plannin, means t)at plannin, $ata on all plannin, le*els %an !e &ept %onsistentl' ?atomati%
a,,re,ation an$ $isa,,re,ationA. Consistent plannin, in t)e w)ole enterprise ena!les $etaile$ plans to !e
atomati%all' %onsoli$ate$.
9op $own plannin,: An a,,re,ate$ plan is atomati%all' $istri!te$ $own to $etaile$ le*el ?pro$%ts,
%stomers, sales areas, an$ so onA a%%or$in, to proportional fa%tors.
Mi$$le ot plannin,: Me$im le*el plannin, $ata is a,,re,ate$ p for t)e o*erall plan an$ $istri!te$
$own to $etaile$ le*el.
.ottom p plannin,: /etaile$ $ata is atomati%all' a,,re,ate$ p to t)e o*erall plan.
-n t)e lower part of t)e sli$e, 'o %an see )ow 'o %an %onsistentl' %)an,e planne$ $ata on $ifferent
le*els: 7irst of all, planne$ sales for pmp PB102 are in%rease$ from "0 to #0 pie%es. 9)is in%reases t)e
total of sales Dantities for all pmps. 9)e sales Dantit' for all pmps $o!les an$ as a reslt, t)e
Dantities of t)e in$i*i$al pmps also $o!le.
9)is t'pe of plannin, spports t)e simlation of mltiple plannin, s%enarios.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 F
3.9
SAP AG 2003
Calculations in /e"and Planning
Grap$ 0esign
AP) : Product %otal AP) : -ocation %otal
= 24 = 2I = 2C = 2H = 2E
</ )b'ect %e$t
Selection Pro!ile
5ser
Selection </
Planning 0ook
/ata @ie#s
Macros
P:.02
P:.04
P:.04
P:.0I
P5MP 2
P5MP 4
P5MP 4
P5MP I
/e"and Planning
Actual /e"and
Correction
2orecast
<nternet Correction
/e"and Plan
*apacit" 1e2eling
Calculate totals and di!!erences
Calculate sales budgets
/e!ine your o#n alerts
-aunch status &ueries
Send e:"ails
Ma%ros perform %omple1 %al%lations Di%&l' an$ a%%ratel'. 9)e e1treme fle1i!ilit' of t)e ma%ros
allows t)e planner to mo$el a plannin, en*ironment !ase$ on in$i*i$al !siness tas&s.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 4
3.10
SAP AG 2003
2orecasting %echni&ues
/e"and Planning
Actual /e"and
2orecast
= 24
.00
= 2I
HE .20
= 2C
.0.
= 2H = 2E
DD
.04
= 2D = 40
.0I
%oday
2orecasting %echni&ues
Moving average
Constant "odels
%rend "odels
Seasonal "odel
7$ponential s"oothing
Go %an %)oose an' t'pe of )istori%al $ata for t)e fore%ast: An' &e' fi,res %an !e se$. 7or e1ample,
'o %an fore%ast material %onsmptions, in%omin, or$er Dantities, in*oi%e$ Dantities, or sales
re*enes.
9)e s'stem ses $ifferent fore%astin, mo$els to $etermine t)e ftre pattern of t)e &e' fi,re %on%erne$.
3.11
SAP AG 2003
/i!!erences 0et#een /e"and Planning in SAP +34
and SAP AP)
AP) +34
Aggregated historical data via
-<S update
Planning on -<S in!o structures
(database* #ith "a$. D
characteristics
Si"ple "acros
+ough:cut capacity planning
<ntegration #ith C)3PA
2i$ed drill:do#n
Standard !orecasting techni&ues
7vents
Global server #ith a 0=
in!rastructure
Main "e"ory:based planning
<ntegrated e$ception handling6
de!inition o! o#n alerts6 co"ple$
"acros
<ntegration #ith production
planning (S)P scenario*
2le$ible navigation in the planning
table6 variable drill do#n6 graphic
7$tensive !orecasting techni&ue
Pro"otion planning and
evaluation6 KlikeK "odeling
Collaborative planning via the
<nternet
Sales bills o! "aterial (0)Ms*
9)e .siness -nformation +are)ose ?.+A infrastr%tre in%l$es eas' to se featres for e1tra%tin, all
t)e $ata from e1e%tion s'stems an$ anal'6in, it in t)e SAP .+ .siness E1plorer.
Ma%ros %an !e se$ to perform %omple1 %al%lations, an$ to $efine %on$itions an$ e1%eption messa,es
?alertsA. EBmails %an !e sent atomati%all', an$ stats atomati%all' Derie$.
-n t)e SOP s%enario, t)e feasi!le pro$%tion plan from S8P or PP//S is %ompare$ wit) t)e ori,inal
$eman$ plan. /e*iations are i$entifie$ atomati%all' an$ reporte$ to t)e planner.
9)e followin, statisti%al pro%e$res are all a*aila!le for fore%astin,C Constant mo$el, 9ren$ mo$el,
Seasonal mo$el, 9ren$ an$ Seasonal mo$el, Croston met)o$ wit) e1ponential smoot)in,, ;inear
re,ression, an$ Casal mo$els wit) mltiple linear re,ression. E1ternal fore%astin, pro%e$res %an also
!e lin&e$ to t)is.
@;i&e mo$elin,@ refers to t)e fore%astin, of new pro$%ts sin, )istori%al $ata from ol$ pro$%ts. ;ife
%'%le $efinition is also %o*ere$ in li&e mo$elin,.
Go %an ma&e ea%) plannin, !oo& a%%essi!le to %stomers or sppliers o*er t)e internet in or$er to !e
a!le to e1%)an,e $ata as soon as possi!le.
3.12
SAP AG 2003
SAP +34 Planning Co"ponents
-<S
3&antities and dates
Planned orders
Purch. re&uisitions
0)M e$plosion
Capacity re&uire"ents
!or #ork centers
MPS3M+P
Planned ind4 re5(ts
Material
Plant
/e"and Manage"ent
Sales organi9ation
/ivision
Sold:to party
Material
Plant
0e(and plans
S)P
Prod&ction plans
444
AP)
Sales an$ Operations Plannin, ?SOPA $ispla's t)e plannin, tool wit)in t)e ;o,isti% -nformation S'stem
?;-SA.
SOP is a fle1i!le fore%astin, an$ plannin, instrment wit) w)i%) sales, pro$%tion an$ frt)er tar,et
fi,res wit)in t)e Sppl' C)ain %an !e $etermine$. :istori%al, %rrent an$/or estimate$ $ata for t)e
ftre %reates a !asis for t)is. Plannin, wit) SOP is ,enerall' me$im to lon,term. 7rt)ermore,
resor%e plannin, is also possi!le. 9)is is se$ to $etemine wor& %enter %apa%ities an$ ot)er ne%essar'
resor%es nee$e$ to reali6e preB$efine$ ,oals. SOP spports t)e plannin, of %omple1 plannin,
)ierar%)ies on a )i,)er le*el as well as t)e $etaile$ plannin, of finis)e$ pro$%ts. SOP ena!les 'o to
plan @from top to !ottom@ ?top $ownA or @from !ottom to top@ ?!ottom pA.
9)e ar%)ite%tre of t)e sppl' %)ain plannin, s'stems is !ase$ on t)e MRP -- %on%ept
3.13
SAP AG 2003
<ntegration 0et#een SAP AP) and SAP 0=
Sales history6
price6 costs6 ...
2orecast
0usiness
<n!or"ation
=arehouse
2orecast +eporting
2orecast ? planning scenarios
Causal !actors
-i!ecycle patterns
Seasonal patterns
Pro"otional patterns
Su""ari9ed data
)rder and ship"ent data
Cost in!or"ation
...
/e"and Planning
AP)
/e"and Planning Speci!ic /ata Central /ata Pool
0=
A $istin%tion is ma$e !etween t)e .siness -nformation +are)ose ?.+A %ontaine$ in SAP APO an$
t)e separate m'SAP %omponent m'SAP .+. As a rle, SAP APO /eman$ Plannin, is %arrie$ ot
!ase$ on $ata from t)e internal .+.
-f 'o %arr' ot e1tensi*e reportin,, it is re%ommen$e$ t)at 'o implement a separate .+ ser*er an$
onl' transfer $ata to SAP APO, t)at is rele*ant to plannin,.
As t)e $ata str%tres in .+ an$ SAP APO are te%)ni%all' i$enti%al, 'o %an se t)e .+ E1plorer to
e*alate SAP APO $ata.
3.14
SAP AG 2003
<nteractive SAP AP) /e"and Planning
Grap$ 0esign
AP) : Product %otal AP) : -ocation %otal
= 24 = 2I = 2C = 2H = 2E
</ )b'ect %e$t
Selection Pro!ile
5ser
Selection </
Planning 0ook
/ata @ie#s
Macros
P:.02
P:.04
P:.04
P:.0I
P5MP 2
P5MP 4
P5MP 4
P5MP I
/e"and Planning
Actual /e"and
Correction
2orecast
<nternet Correction
/e"and plan
*apacit" 1e2eling
Selector
Selected ob'ects
Standard selections
+ight "ouse
button,
Additional settings
;eader in!or"ation
9)e SAP APO mo$le /eman$ Plannin, ?SAP APO /PA an$ Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, ?SAP APO
S8PA se a niform tool for plannin,. -t %onsists of two %omponents: 9)e sele%tion area an$ t)e wor&
area.
9)e sele%tion area is t)e win$ow, in w)i%) 'o %)oose t)e -nfoO!>e%ts 'o want to plan. -n t)e sele%tion
area 'o %an sa*e freDentl' se$ sele%tions an$ loa$ e1istin, sele%tions. 9o open t)e sele%tion area,
%)oose t)e sele%tion win$ow i%on.
9)e sele%tion profile $ispla's all t)e sele%tion -/s w)i%) )a*e !een assi,ne$ to t)e planner. 9)e planner
%an a%%ess %ommonl' se$ sele%tions Di%&l' sin, t)e sele%tion -/s.
Go %)oose t)e wor& area sin, 'or plannin, !oo&s an$ *iews. Go %an $efine a filter for a*aila!le
plannin, !oo&s an$ *iews.
3.15
SAP AG 2003
2urther SAP AP) 2orecasting %echni&ues
5nivariate 2orecasting
Moving average
Constant:6 trend: and season
"odels (;olt:=inters6 !or e$a"ple*
7$ponential s"oothing
Seasonal linear regression
CrostonKs "ethod (!or sporadic
de"and*
Causal Analysis
Multiple linear regression
Co"posite 2orecasting
=eighted average o! "ultiple
"odels
A %ompan'Is pro$%t spe%trm %o*ers a *ariet' of pro$%ts in $ifferent sta,es of t)eir life%'%le an$ wit)
$ifferent $eman$ t'pes.
APO /eman$ Plannin, offers a @tool!o1@ of pro*en fore%astin, met)o$s. 9)e s'stem allows 'o to
%)oose t)e !est met)o$ for a spe%ifi% $eman$ t'pe.
Composite fore%astin, e1ten$s t)e i$ea of pi%&Bt)eB!estC wit) t)is te%)niDe 'o %om!ine two or more
met)o$s.
CrostonIs met)o$ allows 'o to mo$el spora$i% $eman$.
9)e statisti%al fore%astin, tool!o1 pro*i$es all t)e featres 'o reDire to effi%ientl' %reate a%%rate
fore%asts, in%l$in, e*er't)in, from $ata anal'sis *ia time series mo$els t)ro,) mltiple linear
re,ression.
3.16
SAP AG 2003
SAP AP) -i!ecycle Manage"ent
-ike
Actual /ata o! the )ld Product
%i"e
2orecasting o! the e# Product
%i"e
-i!ecycle
Sales
Go se life%'%le plannin, an$ @;i&e@ mo$elin, to fore%ast t)e lan%) ?p)aseBinA an$ $is%ontination
?p)aseBotA of a pro$%t.
A pro$%tIs life%'%le %onsists of $ifferent p)ases: ;an%), ,rowt), matrit', an$ $is%ontination. 9)is
pro%ess mo$els lan%), ,rowt), an$ $is%ontination p)ases.
7or all %)ara%teristi% *ale %om!inations, 'o %an se eit)er a @li&e@ profile, a p)aseBin profile, or a
p)aseBot profile, or an' %om!ination of t)ese.
-f t)e p)aseBot profile perio$ is wit)in t)e )istor' )ori6on of t)e master fore%ast profile, t)e s'stem
a$>sts )istor' inpt *ales, $ispla's t)e a$>ste$ *ales in t)e &e' fi,res ori,inal )istor' an$ t)e
%orre%te$ )istor', an$ writes t)e a$>ste$ *ales to t)e %orre%te$ )istor'.
-f t)e p)aseBin profile perio$ is wit)in t)e ftre )ori6on of t)e spe%ifie$ master fore%ast profile, t)e
s'stem a$>sts !aseline or ori,inal fore%asts, an$ writes t)e a$>ste$ *ales to t)e %orre%te$ fore%ast &e'
fi,re.
3.17
SAP AG 2003
+elease o! Sales >uantities as Planned
<ndependent +e&uire"ents
AP) AP)
Production Planning /e"and Planning
1ey !igure, Sales &uantity Planned ind.re&"nts
SP
PP3/S
Production &uantities 1ey !igure, 2easible
sales &uantity
Macros
Alerts
On%e t)e *arios sta&e)ol$ers in t)e fore%ast )a*e rea%)e$ a oneBnm!er, %onsenss plan, 'o release
t)e $eman$ plan as a planne$ in$epen$ent reDirement.
Go release t)e $eman$ plan from /eman$ Plannin, ?/PA *ia eit)er t)e $eman$ planner or t)e S8P
planner.
9)is pro%ess %reates or$er o!>e%ts or time series o!>e%ts. 9)ese anon'mos $eman$s form t)e !asis of
S8P, or PP//S, w)ere .OM e1plosion, %apa%it' plannin,, an$ sor%in, are %arrie$ ot for t)e %omplete
sppl' networ&.
After feasi!ilit' of t)e planne$ sales Dantities in S8P or PP//S )as !een %)e%&e$, t)e reslts %an !e
transferre$ !a%& to /eman$ Plannin,. Ma%ros are se$ to anal'6e t)e $ifferen%es !etween t)e $eman$
plan an$ feasi!le Dantities an$ alerts are ,enerate$ if lar,e $ifferen%es o%%r.
3.18
SAP AG 2003
8ou use /e"and Planning to derive !uture sales
&uantities !ro" historical data.
/e"and Planning is carried out interactively !ro" the
planning table. Mass processing is used !or
!orecasting and releasing planned independent
re&uire"ents.
/e"and Planning in AP) /P can be structured "ore
easily than is possible #ithin SAP +34 S)P6 as it is
based on the data structures o! SAP 0=.
/e"and Planning, 5nit Su""ary
3.19'e7an$ Planning ()eri"e"
*ni!+ 'e7an$ Planning
%&pi+ <n!era!ive Planning
Create a sales fore%ast in%l$in, %orre%tions
Release t)e $eman$ plan to Pro$%tion Plannin,
,rop nm!erA are planne$ in SAP APO. -n t)e first step of
plannin,, a $eman$ plan is %reate$ in SAP APO /eman$
Plannin,. 0sin, t)is plan, planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements
s)ol$ !e ma$e a*aila!le for Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, ?SAP
APO S8PA. 9)is plan is %reate$ sin, a statisti% fore%ast !ase$ on
)istori%al $ata. Moreo*er, re,ional sales an$ $istri!tion
information s)ol$ !e ta&en into a%%ont.
1B1 Carr' ot intera%ti*e SAP APO /eman$ Plannin, for pro$%t 9B72LL. 9o $o t)is, se
%onsmption *ales from t)e past to %reate a ftre pro$%tion plan. Plannin, for t)e
pro$%t ta&es pla%e wit)ot referen%e to a lo%ation ?pro$%tion plant or $istri!tion
%enterA. Go %an o!ser*e )ow t)e fore%ast reDirements for t)is pro$%t are $istri!te$
o*er $ifferent lo%ations in a se%on$ step.
1B1B1 7rom t)e SAP APO /eman$ Plannin, men, %all p t)e transa%tion
<n!era!ive 'e7an$ Planning. Go a%%ess t)e ta!le of t)e plannin, !oo&
SA;ES an$ $ata *iew, w)i%) is assi,ne$ to 'or ser.
9o e$it t)e plannin, sitation for pro$%t 9B72LL, %)oose Selection Window in
t)e top left s%reen area. 7irst of all, sele%t J,PO Pr&$u!K ?in t)e JS)owK
fiel$A. 2ersion 000 is alrea$' $ispla'e$ atomati%all'. -n t)e ne1t row, enter
,PO -Pr&$u! on%e a,ain, an$ on t)e ri,)tB)an$ si$e enter 'or pro$%t 9B
72LL. Adopt t)e sele%tion.
7inall', l&a$ t)e $a!a for 'or sele%tion ?t)at is, pro$%t 9B72LLA in t)e
plannin, ta!le, !' $o!leB%li%&in, on t)e sele%tion line.
9)e a*aila!le plannin, $ata is $ispla'e$ on t)e ri,)tB)an$ si$e of t)e s%reen.
Go %an see t)e sales fi,res from t)e pre*ios 'ear.
1B1B2 Pro%rement for pmp 9B72LL s)ol$ !e planne$ !ase$ on t)ese past fi,res.
Carr' ot a fore%ast.
Sele%t Stat to %arr' ot a ni*ariate fore%ast. On t)e ne1t s%reen 'o %an see t)e
fore%ast fi,res for t)e ftre, $eri*e$ from )istori%al *ales.
1B1B3 Anal'6e t)e reslt ,rap)i%all' !' sele%tin, Show/hide table: 9)e reslts are
t)en $ispla'e$ ,rap)i%all'. 9)e seasonal pattern t)at o%%rre$ in t)e past )as
!een e1trapolate$ into t)e ftre. (o 8a4 to t)e plannin, ta!le.
1B1B5 A$>st t)e fore%ast !' enterin, ,$Cu"!7en! &# 100 piee" for t)e urren!
7&n!h D 3. -f 'o %li%& on enter, t)e new fore%ast fi,re is $etermine$.
1B1B" :a*e a loo& at )ow 'or fore%ast for pro$%t 9B72LL is $istri!te$ to t)e
$ifferent lo%ations ?1000, 2500 an$ 2"00A. 0se t)e fn%tion eader on/off an$
set t)e )ea$er information a%%or$in,l'.
-n eader information settin!s %)oose t)e %)ara%teristi% APO location an$
a$opt t)e settin,. Sele%t t)e Final forecast &e' fi,re sele%tion sin, t)e
Jma,nif'in, ,lassK i%on.
Go %an now inflen%e t)e $ispla' of $ata in t)e )ea$er: E1it t)e total $ispla'
an$ enter t)e 'e!ail" :all; $ispla'. Go %an now see from t)e ta!le, )ow t)e
planne$ $ata is $istri!te$ to in$i*i$al lo%ations.
As an e1ample, note t)e plannin, fi,res for t)e ne1t t)ree mont)s in
$i"!ri8u!i&n en!er 2400:
Crrent mont) R 1: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Crrent mont) R2: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Crrent mont) R3: NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
1B1B# 7inall' sa"e 'or $eman$ plannin,.
1B2 :a*in, %reate$ a $eman$ plan for pmp 9B72LL, release t)e plannin, fi,res to
pro$%tion plannin,, t)at is, %reate %orrespon$in, planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements.
1B2B1 7rom t)e $eman$ plannin, men, %all p t)e transa%tion -elea"e !& Supply
=e!w&r4 Planning. 9o simplif' 'or entr' se t)e *ariant -(6(,S(, sin,
t)e s,,estions it ma&es to %)e%& or %)an,e information in t)e followin,
pla%es:
Planning area+ S,6(S
Planning ver"i&n :S&ure;+ 000
Eey #igure+ /<=/O-
Planning ver"i&n :%arge!;+ 000
Ca!eg&ry 6eave 8lan4 :n& en!ry;
F&ri5&n #r&7 !&$ay !& !&$ay D 3 7&n!h"
'aily peri&$ "pli! 'ele!e :leave 8lan4;
Pr&$u!+ %-/200
.e sre t)e 6&g is %)e%&e$ in t)e lower left %orner.
/o n&! spe%if' a lo%ationS +)i%) lo%ations )a*e )a$ planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements %reate$ for t)emM
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
()eu!e t)e release.
/espite t)e fa%t t)at t)e release transa%tion is $es%ri!e$ as
JRelease to Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin,K, t)e effe%t of planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements is not restri%te$ to plannin, in
SAP APO S8P. 9)e' are eDall' rele*ant for pro$%tion
plannin,/$etaile$ s%)e$lin, in SAP APO PP//S.
1B2B2 ;oo& at t)e reslts of t)e release sin, $istri!tion %enter 2500 as an e1ample:
7rom t)e pro$%tion plannin, men, %all p Pr&$u! view. -n t)e initial
s%reen, enter t)e followin, $ata:
Planning ver"i&n 000
Pr&$u!+ %-/200
6&a!i&n+ 2400
an$ %onfirm sin, Enter.
Are planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements $ispla'e$M NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Go will )a*e noti%e$ t)at t)e planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements )a*e !een transferre$ as wee&l' amonts. 9)is
is !e%ase, in intera%ti*e transfers, $ata is transferre$ wit)
t)e smallest time !%&et profile from t)e plannin, area ?if no
$ail' !%&ets profile is $efine$AC -n t)is %ase, t)e smallest
time !%&ets profile is wee&s.
Compare t)e Dantities wit) t)e *ales t)at 'o note$ a!o*e. /o t)e Dantities
mat%)M
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
3.20'e7an$ Planning S&lu!i&n"
*ni!+ 'e7an$ Planning
1B1 SAP APO Men pat): Demand Plannin! Plannin! #nteracti"e Demand
Plannin!
1+1+1
1B1B2
1B1B3
1B1B5
1B1B" Plannin, fi,res for t)e ne1t t)ree mont)s in $istri!tion %enter 2500:
Curren! 7&n!h D 1+ Barie"1 #&r e)a7ple 36 p.
1B2 SAP APO men pat): 'e7an$ Planning Planning -elea"e !& Supply =e!w&r4
Planning
1+2+1 Planned independent re5&ire(ents !or locations, Planned independent re&uire"ents
are created !or locations .0006 2400 and 2I00.
1B2B2 Men pat): ,PO Production Plannin! #nteracti"e Production Plannin!
Product $iew
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements $ispla'e$M >e"1 planne$ in$epen$en!
re?uire7en!" are $i"playe$.
Mat%)in, DantitiesM >e"1 !he ?uan!i!ie" 7a!h i# y&u a$$ up !he in$ivi$ual
wee4 ?uan!i!ie" !& ge! 7&n!h ?uan!i!ie". ," !he !ran"#er peri&$ wa"
re"!ri!e$ !& !hree 7&n!h"1 &nly a par! ?uan!i!y i" $i"playe$ #&r !he la"!
7&n!h1 i# nee""ary.
4
SAP AG 2002
Planned independent re&uire"ents
Make:to:stock production and "ake:to:order production
+e&uire"ents strategies
Consu"ption
Subasse"bly planning
A%P check
Contents,
/e"and Manage"ent
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
4.2
SAP AG 2002
7$plain the !unction o! planned independent
re&uire"ents
/escribe "ake:to:stock production and "ake:to:
order production procedures
7$plain the role o! re&uire"ents strategies
5nderstand consu"ption bet#een custo"er
re&uire"ents and planned independent re&uire"ents
7$plain the basic !unctions o! the A%P check.
/e"and Manage"ent, 5nit )be'ectives
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
4.3
SAP AG 2002
)vervie# /iagra" (4*
/e"and Planning
Course )vervie#
Planning
/e"and
Manage"ent
Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
4.4
SAP AG 2002
/e"and Manage"ent )vervie#
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
Planning (M+P*
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
Sales
Pro"ise (A%P*
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Capacity
+e&uire"ents
Planning (C+P*
C<2
/e"and Planning
(/P*
/e"and Manage"ent
2le$ible Planning
/eman$ pro,rams for finis)e$ pro$%ts are $etermine$ !' in$epen$ent reDirements, t)at is, planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements an$ %stomer in$epen$ent reDirements. Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements
are mana,e$ in $eman$ mana,ement.
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, t)at is, ma&eBtoBsto%& planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, are sall'
!ase$ on fore%asts of $eman$s to !e e1pe%te$ in t)e ftre. 9)ese $eman$ fore%asts %an ta&e pla%e in
/eman$ Plannin,, in SAP APO /eman$ Plannin,, for e1ample. 9)e %orrespon$in, &e' fi,re %an t)en
eit)er !e transferre$ to SAP R/3 as planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements or se$ $ire%tl' in SAP APO S8P
or SAP APO PP//S.
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements t)at are %reate$ in SAP R/3 %an !e transferre$ to SAP APO *ia t)e
C-7. -n prin%iple, sales or$ers are entere$ in SAP R/3 ?it is e*en possi!le to enter t)em in CRMA an$, if
ne%essar', transferre$ to SAP APO from t)ere.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5
4.5
SAP AG 2002
/e"and Progra"s in the Production Plant
Sales
orders
=arehouse re&uire"ents
Custo"er re&uire"ents
Coverage o! re&uire"ents through
<n:house production
7$ternal
procure"ent
2orecast
Plnd. indep.
re&"ts
Sales
/e"and progra"
Stock %rans!er +e&uire"ents
/eman$ Mana,ement pertains to t)e a$ministration of in$epen$ent reDirements. -n$epen$ent
reDirements %an !e entere$ $ire%tl' for a pro$%tion plant. 9)e' %an also !e $eri*e$ from $eman$
plannin,.
materials %on%erne$, wit)ot )a*in, to wait for %on%rete sales or$ers. Sales or$ers ?%stomer
in$epen$ent reDirementsA are %reate$ !' sales an$ $istri!tion. Sales or$ers %an enter t)e $eman$
pro,ram $ire%tl'. 9)is is $esire$ w)en %stomerBspe%ifi% plannin, ta&es pla%e.
Sto%& transfer reDirements, t)at is, reDirements from ot)er lo%ations of t)e Sppl' C)ain ?$istri!tion
%enters, for e1ampleA %an, in a$$ition to t)e in$epen$ent reDirements t)at )a*e !een entere$ in t)e
pro$%tion plant, also enter t)e $eman$ pro,ram.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 "
4.6
SAP AG 2002
Planning Strategies
Make:to:stock production
(Production due to "ake:to:stock planning6 re&uire"ents covered by
#arehouse stock*
Subasse"bly planning
(2inished products to individual custo"er stock using "ake:to:order
production6 and #here necessary6 asse"blies to stock using "ake:to:
stock*
Make:to:stock production !or asse"blies*
Make:to:)rder production
A mltit$e of possi!ilities are a*aila!le for plannin, for pro$%tion wit) t)e )elp of planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements. 9)e $ifferent mo$e of a%tion of planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements is
%ontrolle$ !' t)e soB%alle$ plannin, strate,'.
-f strate,ies are se$ for ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion, pro$%tion sall' ta&es pla%e, wit)ot sales or$ers
alrea$' )a*in, to !e present for t)e material %on%erne$. -f sales or$ers are t)en re%ei*e$, t)ese %an !e
met !' ware)ose sto%&, so t)at s)orter $eli*er' times %an !e reali6e$. Moreo*er, in ma&eBtoBsto%&
pro$%tion, it is possi!le to reali6e as %onsistent a pro$%tion pro%ess as possi!le, in$epen$ent of %rrent
$eman$.
Ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion %an also !e e1e%te$ for assem!lies. -n t)is %ase, t)e finis)e$ pro$%ts
t)emsel*es are not pro$%e$ to sto%&C rat)er t)e ne%essar' assem!lies are pro%re$. A sales or$er for a
finis)e$ pro$%t %an t)en sall' !e flfille$ Di%&l', as it is onl' final assem!l' t)at )as to !e e1e%te$
sin%e t)e assem!lies alrea$' e1ist.
SalesBor$er !ase$ pro$%tion $oes not $eal wit) plannin, in its a%tal senseC rat)er a pro$%t is pro%re$
for an e1istin, sales or$er. Ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion is often se$ in %onne%tion wit) s!assem!l'
plannin, for %omponents, to &eep $eli*er' times as s)ort as possi!le.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 #
4.7
SAP AG 2002
Make:to:Stock Production
Planning takes place by "eans o! planned independent
re&uire"ents
Sales orders are covered by "ake:to:stock inventory.
+e&uire"ents strategy !or "ake:to:stock
production
L M additional indicator NSubasse"bly planningN set
AP) +34
Make:to:stock production
Planning #ith !inal asse"bly
Planning at asse"bly level
.0 .0
40
E0
20
20L
0sin, ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion strate,ies, pro$%tion or pro%rement is planne$C sin, planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements t)at arise from t)e fore%ast of sales e1pe%te$ in t)e ftre. A%%or$in, to t)e
%)oi%e of strate,', sales or$ers %an affe%t reDirements, %onsme planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, or
)a*e no effe%t on planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements. -n ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion, sales or$ers are
sall' flfille$ !' ware)ose sto%&.
9)e nm!er se$ to in$i%ate strate,ies in SAP R/3 an$ SAP APO is sall' $ifferent, !e%ase an SAP
APO strate,' %an %ontain more t)an one SAP R/3 strate,'.
Ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion strate,ies are se$, for e1ample, in sitations w)ere $eman$ an$ sales
fl%tate !t w)ere pro$%tion ma' !e &ept at fll %apa%it'. 7l%tations in $eman$ an$ sales are
smoot)e$ !' ware)ose sto%&.
Plannin, %an also ta&e pla%e at assem!l' le*el. 9)is ma&es sense, for e1ample, w)en an assem!l', t)at is
to !e se$ in $ifferent finis)e$ pro$%ts, )as to !e pro%re$ !efore t)e $eman$s ?sales or$ersA for t)ese
finis)e$ pro$%ts e1ist.
Plannin, at assem!l' le*el is reali6e$ in SAP APO, !' sin, t)e strate,' plannin, wit) final assem!l'
an$ settin, t)e s!assem!l' plannin, in$i%ator a$$itionall' in t)e SAP APO pro$%t master
?%orrespon$s to strate,' E0 sin, t)e mi1e$ MRP in$i%ator 1 in SAP R/3A
?CA SAP A( SCM200 E
4.8
SAP AG 2002
%he Make:to:Stock Production Process
/e"and progra"
=arehouse stock
2inished product
Sales orders
!ro" #arehouse
Planning
+eduction
Create planned
independent
re&uire"ents !or the
!inished product
Procure"ent
through production
or e$ternal
procure"ent
Coverage o!
re&uire"ents !ro"
the #arehouse
.
2
4
Requirements strateg '.
-n ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion, %stomer reDirements are not in%l$e$ in t)e $eman$ pro,ram. 9)e
pro%rement Dantities are planne$ e1%lsi*el' as planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements ?sall' !efore t)e
sales or$ers arri*eA. Sales or$ers are not MRPBrele*ant, !t are $ispla'e$ for information prposes ?t)e
sales or$ers are not pe,,in,Brele*antA.
Pro$%tion ta&es pla%e in ware)ose sto%&. Sales or$ers ?an$ ot)er reDirements for t)e pro$%tA are
%o*ere$ from t)e ware)ose. An a*aila!ilit' %)e%& %an !e performe$ in t)e plant. (oo$s wit)$rawals for
a sales or$er re$%e t)is sales or$er.
Re$%tion of planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements ta&es pla%e at ,oo$s isse for t)e $eli*er'. 9)e ol$est
planne$ in$epen$ent reDirement is re$%e$ first ?7-7O rleA. -f no more planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements e1ist in t)e past, planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements in t)e ftre %an also !e re$%e$,
pro*i$e$ a planne$ in$epen$ent reDirement re$%tion in t)e ftre is permitte$ !' a %orrespon$in,
%onsmption inter*al ?forwar$sA.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 F
4.9
SAP AG 2002
Planning #ith 2inal Asse"bly
Sales )rder Planning
2inished Product
Consu"ption
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
.. Planning at !inished product level using plnd. ind. re&s.
2. Consu"ption o! planning by sales orders
Strat. 40
+34 AP)
Strat. 20
-n plannin, wit) final assem!l' ?SAP R/3 strate,' 50, SAP APO strate,' 20A, a fle1i!le or fast rea%tion
to %stomer $eman$ is prominent, w)ere!' as smoot) as possi!le a pro$%tion pro%ess is also
simltaneosl' stri*e$ for. Sales or$ers affe%t reDirements an$ %onsme planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements.
9)e pro%rement an$ pro$%tion of all %omponents an$ assem!lies in%l$in, t)eir final assem!l' is
tri,,ere$ !' planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements !efore sales or$ers arri*e.
Go plan t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t in $eman$ mana,ement.
-n%omin, sales or$ers %onsme t)ese planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements.
-f %stomer reDirements e1%ee$ planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, t)e s'stem atomati%all' %reates a
planne$ or$er for t)e nplanne$ Dantit' in t)e ne1t MRP rn. ?Sales or$ers t)s affe%t reDirementsA.
Go %an %)e%& a*aila!ilit' from a sales or$er sin, t)e A9P lo,i%.
9)e %onsmption of planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements !' %stomer reDirements $epen$s on t)e
settin,s $efine$ for t)e %onsmption mo$e an$ t)e %onsmption perio$s.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 4
4.10
SAP AG 2002
Consu"ption
1xample9 3it&in t&e
gi%en period of time<
=. pieces are
produced for t&e
sales order and ,.
pieces are produced
(anonmousl) to
stoc#5
Planned ind. re&"ts.
Custo"er +e&s.
%i"e
0ack#ard consu"ption only
0#d per. 0ack#ard consu"ption per.
20
20
$ode '
C0
40
%i"e
2or#ard consu"ption only
2#d per. 2or#ard consu"ption period
$ode 3
%i"e
0ack#ard3!or#ard consu"ption
2#d per. 0#d per.
$ode
,/-
. 2
9)e %onsmption mo$e $etermines t)e $ire%tion on t)e time a1is in w)i%) t)e arri*in, sales or$ers are to
%onsme t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements.
-n !a%&war$ %onsmption ?%onsmption mo$e 1A, t)e sales or$er %onsmes planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements t)at lie !efore t)e %stomer reDirement.
-n forwar$ %onsmption ?%onsmption mo$e 3A, t)e sales or$er %onsmes planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements t)at lie after t)e %stomer reDirement.
Go %an %om!ine !a%&war$ an$ forwar$ %onsmption pro*i$e$ t)at 'o ta&e t)e %onsmption perio$s
into a%%ont ?%onsmption mo$e 2 or 5A.
Go %an $efine t)e %onsmption mo$e an$ t)e %onsmption perio$s eit)er in t)e material master or for
ea%) MRP ,rop. -f no *ales for eit)er %onsmption mo$e or %onsmption perio$ )a*e !een entere$,
t)en t)e s'stem ses t)e $efalt settin, wit) !a%&war$ %onsmption for 444 $a's ?8ote: -f a
%onsmption mo$e )as !een entere$ an$ t)e %onsmption perio$ is left !lan&, onl' reDirements on t)e
same $a' are %onsme$A.
4.11
SAP AG 2002
Planning at Asse"bly -evel
Sales order
.. Planning at asse"bly level using plnd. indep. re&s.
2. Consu"ption by the dependent re&"ts o! the !inished product
Strat. E0
+34 AP)
Strat. 20
O Subasse"bly
Planning <ndicator
2inished product
P
r
o
d
u
c
t
i
o
n
Consu"ption /ep.+e&.
Planning Asse"bly 0. Asse"bly 02
Plannin, at assem!l' le*el ?SAP R/3 strate,' E0, SAP APO strate,' 20 R s!assem!l' plannin,
in$i%atorA %an !e se$ w)en an assre$ $eman$ fore%ast %an !e ,i*en for %ertain assem!l' ,rops sooner
t)an for t)e in$i*i$al finis)e$ pro$%ts, in w)i%) t)e assem!l' ,rop is nee$e$.
-n t)is plannin, strate,', t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements for an assem!l' are planne$ separatel'.
9)e' are %reate$ at assem!l' le*el an$ t)e' tri,,er t)e pro$%tion of t)e assem!l'.
-f sales or$ers for t)e finis)e$ pro$%ts arri*e, planne$ or$ers ?or pro$%tion or$ersA are %reate$ for t)e
finis)e$ pro$%t an$ t)e .OM is e1plo$e$, t)at is, $epen$ent reDirements ?or reser*ationsA are %reate$
for t)e assem!l'. 9)ese %onsme t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements of t)e assem!l'.
-f lar,e sales or$er Dantities at finis)e$ pro$%t le*el %ase t)e $epen$ent reDirements or reser*ations
to e1%ee$ t)e plannin, reDirements of t)e assem!l', an a$$itional planne$ or$er is %reate$ for t)e
assem!l' in t)e ne1t plannin, rn. Se%on$ar' reDirements t)s fll' affe%t reDirements.
SAP R/3 strate,' E0 mst !e entere$ in t)e strate,' ,rop of t)e material master an$ t)e mi1e$BMRP
in$i%ator for s!assem!l' plannin, mst !e set. ?-n SAP APO t)is %orrespon$s to strate,' 20 in
%onne%tion wit) t)e s!assem!l' plannin, in$i%atorA.
4.12
SAP AG 2002
Consu"ption in Subasse"bly Planning
%i"e
/e"and
Planning
Asse"bly planning
&uantities
Asse"bly planning
&uantities
/ependent re&uire"ent
or order reservation
0ack#ard 2or#ard
Consu"ption Period
9)e %onsmption lo,i% is $efine$ !' t)e %onsmption mo$e an$ t)e %onsmption perio$s !a%&war$ an$
forwar$ as in strate,' 50. 9)ese are $efine$ in t)e material master of t)e assem!l' or *ia t)e MRP
,rop.
0sin, t)is strate,', t)e %onsmption perio$s are %al%late$ startin, from t)e $epen$ent reDirements or
t)e reser*ations.
4.13
SAP AG 2002
Production 0ased on Sales )rders
Sales orders are planned on a custo"er:speci!ic basis
Planning is possible
+e&uire"ents strategies !or
production based on sales orders
AP) +34
Make:to:order production
Planning #ithout !inal asse"bly
Planning #ith planning "aterial
20 PQR
I0
C0
40
40
+)en wor&in, wit) t)e strate,ies for ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion, t)e sales or$er is t)e pe,,e$
reDirement.
-n a$$ition to %lassi% ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion, plannin, wit)ot final assem!l' is also possi!le.
Moreo*er, $ifferent strate,ies for assem!l' pro%essin, e1ist in SAP R/3.
9o set t)e ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion strate,' ?SAP R/3 strate,' 20A, it is not ne%essar' to ma&e an entr'
in t)e propose$ strate,' of t)e SAP APO pro$%t master. -n %ontrast to SAP R/3, SAP APO propose$
strate,ies pertain to planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements onl'. Sales or$ers %annot !e entere$ in SAP
APOC t)e' !rin, t)eir settin,s wit) t)em from SAP R/3.
4.14
SAP AG 2002
Make:to:)rder Production
Sales order 2
Material A
Production
Custo"er stock
2inished product
Production
Custo"er stock
2inished product
/
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
/
e
l
i
v
e
r
y
Sales order .
Material A
Strat. 20
+34 AP)
Strat. PQR
7or ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion ?SAP R/3 strate,' 20A, ea%) sales or$er is planne$ separatel' an$
mana,e$ in its own se%tion in t)e MRP list or t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list.
9)e s'stem $oes not perform a net reDirements %al%lation !etween in$i*i$al sales or$ers or wit) t)e
anon'mos ware)ose sto%&.
-n ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion, t)e lotBforBlot or$er Dantit' is se$ as t)e $efalt settin, for t)e lotBsi6in,
pro%e$re, re,ar$less of t)e entr' 'o )a*e ma$e in t)e material master re%or$. /epen$in, on t)e settin,
of t)e lotBsi6e in$i%ator in t)e material master re%or$, 'o %an $efine a $ifferent lot si6e for ma&eBtoB
or$er pro$%tion from t)e one se$ in ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion.
0sin, t)e @in$i*i$al/%olle%ti*e@ in$i%ator, 'o %an allow ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion at an' le*el of t)e
.OM str%tre.
Go %annot swit%) t)e pro$%e$ Dantities from one sales or$er to anot)er Bt)e pro$%e$ Dantities are
mana,e$ $ire%tl' for ea%) in$i*i$al sales or$er ?in t)e in$i*i$al %stomer sto%&A.
A ,oo$s isse to t)e sales or$er re$%es t)e in$i*i$al %stomer sto%& an$ t)e reDirement. As soon as
t)e sales or$er is %omplete$ an$ t)e in$i*i$al %stomer sto%& $eplete$, t)e in$i*i$al %stomer se,ment
$isappears from t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list or t)e MRP list.
4.15
SAP AG 2002
<ndividual 3 Collective <ndicator
7o be set in t&e material master (can be o%erruled in t&e 2O$)
M+P -ist, Sha!t
/ate M+P ele"ent >uantities Avail.
6oda" Stoc 0
6oda" -rder A 0
0ate Planned order 125 10 10
0ate 0ep4 re5(ts p&(p 10+ 0
6oda" -rder 7 0
0ate 0ep4 Re5(ts P&(p 12+ 0
M+P -ist, Spiral casing
/ate M+P ele"ent >uantities Avail.
6oda" Stoc 5
0ate Planned order 127 22
0ate 0ep4 re5(ts p&(p 10+ 12
0ate 0ep4 re5(ts p&(p 12+ 0
17
Pu"p
Spiral casing Sha!t
M+P -ist, Pu"p
/ate M+P 7le"ent >uantities Avail.
6oda" Stoc 0
6oda" -rder A 0
0ate -rder A 10+ 0
6oda" -rder 7 0
0ate -rder 7 12+ 0
Sales
order A
>ty .0
Sales
order 0
>ty .2
<ndiv.3collect.
ind. M .
<ndiv.3collect.
ind. M 2
9)e in$i*i$al/%olle%ti*e in$i%ator in t)e material master re%or$ $etermines w)et)er a %omponent is
pro%re$ for a spe%ial %stomer reDirement in t)e in$i*i$al se,ment.
9)e in$i%ator @1@ for in$i*i$al reDirements means t)at t)e material is !ein, spe%iall' manfa%tre$ or
pro%re$ for a sales or$er. A spe%ial in$i*i$al se,ment is %reate$ for ea%) reDirement. An in$i*i$al
reDirement is onl' %reate$ if t)e )i,)erBle*el material $oes not %reate a %olle%ti*e reDirement.
9)e in$i%ator @2@ for %olle%ti*e reDirements means t)at t)e material is pro$%e$ or pro%re$ for *arios
reDirements. Go %an fin$ t)ese reDirements in t)e net reDirements se,ment.
9)e in$i%ator @!lan&@ means t)at t)e %omponent is to !e planne$ in t)e same wa' as t)e )i,)erBle*el
assem!l'.
-n t)e a!o*e e1ample, two in$i*i$al se,ments are %reate$ for t)e s)aft for sales or$ers
A an$ ..
-f 'o want to %ontrol t)e material item in$i*i$all' for t)e respe%ti*e .OM, se t)e @e1plosion %ontrol@
fiel$ in t)e %omponentIs item $ata ?,eneral $ata *iewA. 9)e settin, in t)e .OM o*errles t)e settin, in
t)e material master re%or$.
4.16
SAP AG 2002
Availability Check
Global Available:to:Pro"ise
Cross:location and rules:based availability check possible
Check !or sales orders
Product check and !orecast check possible
Production start possible even #hen there is no
availability
A%P (Available:%o:Pro"ise*
Check per location (Plant*
Check against consu"ption #ith planning only
+34
AP)
Check against planned independent re&uire"ents only
9)e A9P %)e%& )as a lar,e nm!er of appli%ations. Amon,st ot)ers, it %an !e se$ in sales or$ers,
pro$%tion or$ers or $rin, ,oo$s mo*ements. 9)erefore, w)en 'o %reate a sales or$er, t)e s'stem
%)e%&s, wit)in t)e framewor& of t)e A9P %)e%&, w)et)er t)ere is eno,) sto%& a*aila!le in t)e
ware)ose for t)e reDire$ material. 9)e s'stem %an also %)e%& if re%eipts ?for e1ample, pro$%tion
or$ers an$ planne$ or$ersA )a*e alrea$' !een planne$ !' t)e reDeste$ $ate. -f t)e repl' is positi*e, t)e
sales or$er %an !e %onfirme$.
-n SAP R/3 'o )a*e t)e option of performin, a*aila!ilit' %)e%&s a%%or$in, to A9P or a,ainst planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements.
7or sales or$ers, 'o %an %arr' ot t)e A9P %)e%& in SAP APO wit)in t)e framewor& of (lo!al
A*aila!leBtoBPromise. 7or t)e materials %on%erne$, 'o spe%if' in t)e inte,ration mo$el t)at t)e A9P
%)e%& s)ol$ !e e1e%te$ in t)e sales or$er in SAP APO. 9)e possi!ilities of t)e (lo!al A*aila!leBtoB
Promise ,o !e'on$ t)ose of t)e SAP R/3 A9P %)e%&.
4.17
SAP AG 2002
Availability Check 5sing A%P -ogic
Production and planned orders
Sales orders
Con!ir"ed &uantities A%P &uantities
( O *
( : *
Stock
+)en performin, an a*aila!ilit' %)e%& sin, A9P lo,i% ?A*aila!leBtoBPromiseA, t)e s'stem %)e%&s
w)et)er all reDirements are %o*ere$ !' e1istin, re%eipts an$ w)et)er t)e re%eiptsI Dantit' proportions
are still a*aila!le to %o*er newl' re%ei*e$ reDirements. 9)ese open Dantities, w)i%) )a*e not 'et !een
assi,ne$, are a$$e$ to,et)er to ,i*e t)e A9P Dantit'.
-n t)e a*aila!ilit' %)e%& sin, A9P lo,i%, t)e s'stem %)e%&s w)et)er t)e reDirement Dantities are
%o*ere$ !' spe%iall' $efine$ re%eipt an$ ,oo$s elements or !' a spe%ifi% sto%&. -f 'o %an %onfirm a
Dantit' for t)e reDirement $ate, t)is Dantit' is fla,,e$ as %onfirme$ in t)e reDirement an$ t)e A9P
Dantit' of t)e material is re$%e$ a%%or$in,l'. -n t)e ne1t a*aila!ilit' %)e%&, 'o %an onl' %onfirm
reDirements for t)e amont of t)e remainin, A9P Dantit'.
/rin, a %omponent a*aila!ilit' %)e%& in a planne$ or$er or a pro$%tion or$er, t)e s'stem %opies t)e
reslt of t)e %omponent %)e%& to t)e or$er )ea$er as t)e %onfirme$ Dantit' an$ t)e or$er %onfirmation
$ate.
4.18
SAP AG 2003
A%P Check !or Sales )rders in SAP AP)
Possible reaction if a product is not a%ailable
A7P Requests from Sales Orders
AP) +34
Con!ir"ation
Sales order
Sales (S/*
Sales order
Planned order
Planned order
A%P re&uest
Save sales order
A%P check
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling
(PP3/S*
)ptional i! a product is not available Produce
-n t)e SAP R/3 APO interfa%e, 'o %an spe%if' in t)e inte,ration mo$el t)at t)e a*aila!ilit' %)e%& ?A9P
%)e%&A in t)e sales or$er is not to !e performe$ in SAP R/3, !t rat)er in SAP APO. -f 'o %reate a sales
or$er in t)e SAP R/3 S'stem, an A9P reDest will !e sent to SAP APO. 9)e s'stem firstl' %)e%&s
w)et)er t)ere is eno,) sto%& a*aila!le for t)is pro$%t an$ w)et)er re%eipts ?for e1ample, pro$%tion
or$ers, planne$ or$ersA )a*e alrea$' !een planne$ !' t)e reDeste$ $ate.
7or nonBa*aila!ilit', 'o %an set t)e A9P %)e%& so t)at t)e s'stem performs an a*aila!ilit' %)e%& for t)e
pro$%t in a $ifferent lo%ation or for an alternati*e pro$%t. Moreo*er, for nonBa*aila!ilit' of t)e
pro$%t, 'o %an spe%if' t)at t)e sales or$er $ire%tl' tri,,ers pro$%tion: -n t)is %ase, SAP APO %reates
a planne$ or$er for t)e $esire$ Dantit' in PP//S. 9)e s'stem %an t)en ta&e %apa%it' %onstraints
?a*aila!le %apa%it' an$ e*en re%eipts t)at )a*e alrea$' !een planne$A into %onsi$eration. -n a$$ition,
%omponent a*aila!ilit' %an !e %)e%&e$. -f t)ere are no lon,er an' %apa%ities a*aila!le for t)e $esire$
$ate, t)e s'stem sear%)es for a new $ate for t)e planne$ or$er to !e %reate$. 9)e a*aila!ilit' $ate of t)e
newl' %reate$ planne$ or$er ?finis) $ateA is passe$ !a%& to t)e SAP R/3 sales or$er an$ %opie$ as t)e
internal %onfirmation $ate.
4.19
SAP AG 2002
Availability Check #. Plnd <nd. +e&"t Allocation
Plnd. indep. re&s
Sales order
Allocation
+&ec# ta#es place
against planned
independent
requirements onl5
3are&ouse stoc# and
fixed receipts are not
ta#en into account5
(2Cre&*
full
con!ir"ed
partl
con!ir"ed
.0.I.
20.I.
Sales
)rder
Sales
)rder
%i"e
%i"e
%i"e
(2Cre&*
Sales
)rder
Sales
)rder
(2Cre&*
0..0I. 0..0C.
.0.0I. 20.0I.
+est cannot be
delivered until
0..0C.
-n t)e %)e%& a,ainst planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, t)e s'stem onl' %)e%&s a,ainst t)e planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements Dantities, t)at is, no A9P Dantities are in%l$e$ in t)e a*aila!ilit' %)e%&.
-n t)is %)e%&, t)e s'stem ses t)e %onsmption mo$e ?in t)e a!o*e e1ample, a !a%&war$ %onsmptionA
an$ t)e %orrespon$in, %onsmption perio$s.
(enerall', 'o %an $efine t)e t'pe of a*aila!ilit' %)e%& to !e %arrie$ ot !' t)e reDirements %lass in t)e
strate,'. -n t)e SAP R/3 strate,' "0 ?plannin, wit)ot final assem!l'A 'o %an onl' %arr' ot t)e
a*aila!ilit' %)e%& a,ainst planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, for te%)ni%al reasons. -n t)e SAP R/3
strate,' #0 ?plannin, wit) plannin, materialA, 'o %an %)e%& a,ainst t)e planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements of t)e plannin, material, w)en pro%essin, t)e sales or$er.
4.20
SAP AG 2002
Planning takes place using planned independent
re&uire"ents
A de"and progra" consists o! planned independent
re&uire"ents6 sales orders and6 i! necessary6 stock
trans!er re&uire"ents.
<n "ake:to:stock production6 production is triggered
and #arehouse stock is created6 based on planned
independent re&uire"ents. /e"ands are "et by
#arehouse stock.
<n sales order:based production6 a "aterial is
produced !or a speci!ic sales order. Subasse"bly
planning can take place irrespectively.
/e"and Manage"ent,5nit Su""ary (.*
4.21
SAP AG 2002
%he A%P check plays an i"portant role in sales order
processing or in the e$ecution o! "anu!acturing
orders.
An A%P check !or sales orders can be e$ecuted in
SAP +34 and in SAP AP).
/e"and Manage"ent, 5nit Su""ary (2*
4.22'e7an$ Manage7en! ()eri"e"
*ni!+ 'e7an$ Manage7en!
%&pi+ Planning wi!h /inal ,""e78ly
Create planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements
0n$erstan$ t)e %onsmption of planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements an$ sales or$ers.
Pmps wit) t)e material nm!er RB71LL ?LL represents 'or
,rop nm!erA are pro$%e$ in plant 1000. /eman$ mana,ement
an$ material reDirements plannin, for t)ese pmps ta&es pla%e
in SAP R/3.
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements s)ol$ !e %onsme$ !' sales
or$ers so t)at t)e pmps %an !e planne$ sin, plannin, wit) final
assem!l'.
1B1 7or pmp RB71LL, it is important t)at in%omin, sales or$ers are spplie$ Di%&l'.
Pro$%tion of t)e pmps ta&es a %ertain amont of time an$ t)s nee$s to !e planne$ in
a$*an%e, t)at is, pro%rement of t)e pmps s)ol$ ta&e pla%e !efore %on%rete sales
or$ers arri*e. Pro$%tion of pmps in plant 1000 s)ol$ !e planne$ sin, plannin,
wit) final assem!l'. 7irst of all, %)an,e t)e 7a!erial 7a"!er of pmp --/100 in plan!
1000 in t)e followin, wa' ?to %)an,e t)e material master, %all it p from t)e
pro$%tion master $ata in SAP R/3A:
1B1B1 On%e 'o )a*e a%%esse$ t)e transa%tion, enter Ma!erial --/1001 on t)e
followin, s%reen sele%t t)e *iews M-P 1 an$ M-P 3 an$ enter Plan! 1000 as
t)e or,ani6ational le*el.
1B1B2 :a*e a loo& at *iew M-P 1. Ma&e sre t)at t)e M-P !ype M-P an$ t)e l&!-
"i5e (G are set. +)at are t)e %onseDen%es of t)ese settin,sM
+)at MRP %ontroller is responsi!le for t)e plannin, of t)is materialM
1B1B3 .' %)oosin, Enter, 'o a%%ess t)e ne1t mar&e$ *iew, t)at is, *iew M-P 3.
Ma&e sre t)at t)e followin, settin,s )a*e !een ma$e: S!ra!egy gr&up 401
&n"u7p!i&n 7&$e 2 an$ a time perio$ of 30 $ay" as %onsmption perio$s
!a%&war$s an$ forwar$s. .etween w)i%) of t)e reDirement elements t)at 'o
)a*e set )ere, $oes %onsmption ta&e pla%eM
1B1B5 E1it t)e material master, sin, Sa"e.
1B2 Create planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements for material RB71LL.
1B2B1 7or t)e %omin, mont)s, sales an$ $istri!tion e1pe%ts sales fi,res of t)e
followin, amonts:
Curren! 7&n!h D 2 70 p
Curren! 7&n!h D 3 80 p.
Create %orrespon$in, planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements. 9o $o t)is, se t)e
transa%tion Crea!e planne$ in$epen$en! re?uire7en!, w)i%) 'o %an %all p
from t)e pro,ram plannin, men. -n t)e initial s%reen of t)e transa%tion, enter
7a!erial --/1001 plan! 1000 an$ ver"i&n 00. 0se 7&n!h" as t)e planning
peri&$. .' pressin, Enter, 'o rea%) t)e plannin, ta!le, in w)i%) 'o nee$ to
enter t)e reDirements Dantities ,i*en a!o*e. Sa"e t)e reDirements.
1B2B2 -n t)e urren! "!&4.re?uire7en!" li"! t)at 'o %all p from t)e material
reDirements plannin, men, loo& at t)e reDirements t)at 'o )a*e >st
%reate$. -n t)e initial s%reen enter 'or material nm!er an$ t)e plant an$ t)en
%all t)e list p !' pressin, Enter.
Are t)e reDirements $ispla'e$M NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Are t)e reDirements %o*ere$ !' pro%rement elementsM +)' ?notAM
1B3 9o %o*er t)e reDirements 'o )a*e >st %reate$ wit) pro%rement elements, an$ to
a%)ie*e a !alan%e$ reDirements/sto%& sitation, 'o nee$ to %arr' ot mltiBle*el
material reDirements plannin,.
1B3B1 Call p "ingle i!e71 7ul!i-level in t)e material reDirements plannin, men. -n
t)e initial s%reen enter 7a!erial nu78er --/100 an$ plan! 1000. Start t)e
plannin, rn !' %)oosin, Enter twi%e. 9)e statisti%s are $ispla'e$ at t)e en$ of
t)e plannin, rn
:ow man' materials were planne$ in t)e plannin, rn ?onl' one or more t)an
oneAM +)'M
1B3B2 9a&e anot)er loo& at t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list ?if t)e list is in anot)er
mo$e, refres) itA. +ere pro%rement elements %reate$M -f 'es, w)i%) onesM
+)at is t)e a*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e listM
-s a !alan%e$ sto%&/reDirements sitation a*aila!le for material RB71LLM
1B3B3 Material reDirements plannin, reslts in planne$ or$ers. +ol$ pro%rement
of pmps !e initiate$ !ase$ on t)ese planne$ or$ers, e*en wit)ot t)e e1isten%e
of %on%rete sales or$ersM +)' ?notAM
1B5 A %stomer or$ers 30 pmps for t)e %rrent mont) R 3. 9o simplif' matters, t)is sales
or$er s)ol$ !e %reate$ in t)e form of a %orrespon$in, %stomer reDirement ?we are
onl' intereste$ in t)e impa%t of a sales or$er in MRPA:
1B5B1 7rom t)e $eman$ mana,ement men, %all p t)e transa%tion Crea!e u"!&7er
re?uire7en!. -n t)e initial s%reen, enter $elivering plan! 1000 an$ t)en
%onfirm t)is sin, Enter. -n t)e followin, entr' s%reen, enter t)e -e?. $eliv.
$a!e as t)e #i#!een!h $ay &# !he urren! 7&n!h D 3. Re%onfirm sin, Enter
an$ %reate a %stomer reDirements item %ontainin, t)e followin, $ata:
Material: --/100
Or$er Dantit': 30 p.
Confirm 'or entries sin, Enter.
9)e pro%rement t'pe QS2 ?sales or$er wit) %onsmptionA
is $etermine$ sin, t)e strate,' ,rop entere$ in t)e material
master.
Sa"e t)e %stomer reDirement.
1B5B2 ;oo& at t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list ?if t)e list is in anot)er session,
refres) itA. -s t)e %stomer reDirement t)at 'o >st %reate$ $ispla'e$M
1B5B3 /oes t)e %stomer reDirement )a*e an inflen%e on t)e MRPBa*aila!le
Dantit' ?$oes t)e MRPBa*aila!le Dantit' %)an,e to t)e $ate of t)e %stomer
reDirementAM
+)at is t)e a*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e listM
1B5B5 Go )a*e >st reali6e$ t)at t)e a*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e list is still
6ero. 9)e %stomer reDirement is rele*ant for reDirements an$ )as !een a$$e$
to t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements. :ow $o 'o e1plain t)at all
reDirements %an still !e %o*ere$ in totalM
1B" Consmption )as o!*iosl' o%%rre$ !etween t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements
an$ t)e %stomer reDirement. Anal'6e t)e %onsmption sitation sin, t)e %rrent
sto%&/reDirements list:
1B"B1 7rom t)e urren! "!&4.re?uire7en!" li"! of material --/100 ?plant 1000A,
e1e%te t)e fn%tion En"ironment %otal re&mts display. 9)e sto%& sitation,
in%l$in, %onsmption is $ispla'e$. +)i%) planne$ in$epen$ent reDirement
?w)i%) mont) Dantit'C note t)e $ate an$ Dantit'A $oes t)e sales or$er
%onsmeM
1B"B2 Retrn to t)e list an$ loo& at t)e mont) Dantit' ?t)at is $ispla'e$ for t)e first
wor&$a' of t)e mont)A. +)at Dantit' is $ispla'e$M
(i*e a reason for t)e reslt:
Consmption of planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements !' t)e
%stomer reDirement %ases %)an,es to t)e reDirements
sitation to o%%r ?t)e $ates of t)e reDirements are
res%)e$le$ !' t)e %on%rete %stomer reDirementsA. A new
plannin, rn wol$ rea%t to t)is new reDirements sitation
!' %reatin, new pro%rement s,,estions. 9)is step )as not
'et !een e1e%te$.
4.23'e7an$ Manage7en! S&lu!i&n"
*ni!+ 'e7an$ Manage7en!
%&pi+ Planning wi!h /inal ,""e78ly
1B1 SAP R/3 men pat): 'o!istics Production Master Data (ills of Material
(ill of Material Material (OM Display
1B1B1
1B1B2 ConseDen%e of settin,s: <# y&u "e! M-P !ype P'1 !he 7a!erial re?uire7en!"
planning i" "e!. *"ing !he l&!-"i5e (G1 "h&r!age ?uan!i!ie" are "a!i"#ie$
e)a!ly.
MRP %ontroller: M-P &n!r&ller 000 i" re"p&n"i8le #&r planning.
1B1B3 ReDirement elements wit) %onsmption: Cu"!&7er re?uire7en!" &n"u7e
planne$ in$epen$en! re?uire7en!".
1B2
1B2B1 SAP R/3 men pat): 'o!istics Production Production Plannin!
Demand Mana!ement Planned #ndependent )e&uirements *reate
1B2B2 Men pat): -.3 6&gi"!i" Pr&$u!i&n M-P (valua!i&n"
S!&4.re?uire7en!" li"!
Are t)e reDirements $ispla'e$M >e"1 !he re?uire7en!" are $i"playe$.
ReDirements %o*ere$ !' pro%rement elementsM =&1 !he re?uire7en!" are
n&! &vere$ 8y !he &rre"p&n$ing pr&ure7en! ele7en!"1 a" an M-P run
ha" n&! ye! 8een arrie$ &u!.
1B3
1B3B1 SAP R/3 men pat): 6&gi"!i" Pr&$u!i&n M-P Planning Single-
<!e71 Mul!i-6evel
Materials in t)e plannin, rn: 10 7a!erial" were planne$. <n 7ul!i-level
planning1 in a$$i!i&n !& !he hea$er 7a!erial1 all 7a!erial" :planne$ u"ing
M-P; in !he 2OM "!ru!ure are planne$.
1B3B2 SAP R/3 men pat): 6&gi"!i" Pr&$u!i&n M-P (valua!i&n"
Pro%rement elements %reate$M >e"1 planne$ &r$er" were rea!e$ !& &ver
!he re?uire7en!".
A*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e list: %he availa8le ?uan!i!y a! !he en$ &#
!he li"! i" 5er& piee".
.alan%e$ sto%&/reDirements sitationM >e"1 !he "!&4.re?uire7en!" "i!ua!i&n
ha" !hu" 8een 8alane$ &u!+ %he a7&un! &# pr&ure7en! ele7en!" e?ual"
!he a7&un! &# re?uire7en!".
1+3+3 Proc&re(ent o! p&(ps alread" initiated8 8es6 the procure"ent o! the pu"ps #ould
be initiated6 as planned orders can be converted into production orders. %he ai"
o! planning #ith !inal asse"bly is to initiate procure"ent be!ore concrete sales
orders arrive.
1B5
Demand Mana!ement *ustomer )e&uirements *reate
1B5B2 SAP R/3 men pat): -.3 6&gi"!i" Pr&$u!i&n M-P (valua!i&n"
Cstomer reDirements $ispla'e$M >e"1 !he u"!&7er re?uire7en! i"
$i"playe$ wi!h $a!e" an$ ?uan!i!ie".
1B5B3 -nflen%e on MRPBa*aila!le Dantit'M >e"1 u"!&7er re?uire7en!" have an
e##e! &n M-P.
A*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e list: %he availa8le ?uan!i!y a! !he en$ &#
!he li"! i" 5er& piee".
1B5B5 E1planation: %he planne$ in$epen$en! re?uire7en!" have 8een &n"u7e$
8y !he u"!&7er re?uire7en!.
1B" SAP R/3 men pat): 6&gi"!i" Pr&$u!i&n M-P (valua!i&n"
1B"B1 Mont) Dantit' wit) %onsmption: C&n"u7p!i&n :a""ign7en!; !a4e" plae
wi!h !he 7&n!h ?uan!i!y &# !he urren! 7&n!h D 31 !he re?uire7en!"
?uan!i!y a7&un!" !& 80 piee".
1B"B2 /ispla'e$ Dantit' in t)e listM <n !he urren! "!&4.re?uire7en!" li"!1 a
planne$ in$epen$en! re?uire7en!" ?uan!i!y &# 50 piee" i" $i"playe$ #&r
!he #ir"! w&r4$ay &# !he urren! 7&n!h D 3.
E1planation: Only !he n&n-&n"u7e$ a7&un! &# !he planne$ in$epen$en!
re?uire7en! i" $i"playe$1 a" &nly !hi" peren!age i" relevan! !& M-P. %he
&n"u7e$ a7&un! i" a$&p!e$ 8y !he u"!&7er re?uire7en!.
5
SAP AG 2002
<ntegration bet#een SAP +34 and SAP AP)
Purposes and environ"ent
Master data
;euristic
Capable:to:Match and opti"i9ation as !urther planning "ethods
Contents,
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
5.2
SAP AG 2002
Supply et#ork Planning, 5nit )b'ectives
/escribe the Supply et#ork Planning distribution
net#ork
/escribe the Supply et#ork Planning process
!lo#
<denti!y the "aster data that is re&uired to run
/escribe and co"pare the planning "ethods used
in Supply et#ork Planning
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
5.3
SAP AG 2002
)vervie# /iagra" (I*
/e"and Planning
Course )vervie#
Planning
/e"and
Manage"ent
Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
5.4
SAP AG 2002
Supply et#ork Planning )vervie#
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Planning (M+P*
Capacity
+e&uire"ents
Planning (C+P*
/e"and Planning
(/P*
2le$ible Planning
Standard S)P
/e"and Manage"ent
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
C<2
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, wit)in SAP APO S8P is se$ for %rossBlo%ation plannin, of t)e sppl' an$
pro%rement networ&.
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, is !ase$ on $eman$s t)at are pre$etermine$ in t)e form of sales or$ers or
planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements. 9)ese $eman$s are flfille$ !' inB)ose pro$%tion, sto%& transfers
from ot)er plants or !' e1ternal pro%rement from e1ternal sppliers. -t also ta&es into a%%ont %apa%it'
%onstraints of t)e networ&.
S8P is a me$imBterm plannin, tool t)at plans pro%rements ro,)l'. 9)e time !%&et profiles
?!%&etsA t)at %an !e seen in S8P are at least one $a' lon,. /etaile$ Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$
S%)e$lin, sin, e1a%t times t)en ta&es pla%e in SAP APO PP//S ?or also in SAP R/3 MRPA.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5
5.5
SAP AG 2002
Advantages o! Supply et#ork Planning in SAP
AP)
Cross:plant "id:ter" rough:cut planning
Si"ultaneous "aterial planning and !inite capacity planning o!
production6 storage6 and transportation resources
Si"ultaneous production planning and distribution resource
planning
Planning o! critical co"ponents on bottleneck resources
Cross:plant opti"i9ation o! the resource load
Prioriti9ation o! de"ands and receipts
Collaborative procure"ent planning over the <nternet
/etailed distribution planning (deploy"ent*
Collective conversion o! stock trans!er re&uisitions
?CA SAP A( SCM200 "
5.6
SAP AG 2002
SP Process 2lo#
Planning hori9on
/e"and Planning
(plans !uture de"ands !or /Cs*
(generates !easible receipts !or
supply chain de"ands*
Production Planning3/etailed Scheduling
(plans in detail the production o! a
plant*
Shop !loor control (S2C*
/eman$ Plannin, ena!les 'o to pre$i%t material reDirements !ase$ on )istori%al an$ statisti%al
fore%astin, te%)niDes. /eman$ plannin, $ata is sall' !%&etBoriente$ an$ n%onstraine$. 9)e
fore%ast $ata is t)en release$ to Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, to %reate %onstraine$ an$ feasi!le pro$%tion
an$ $istri!tion plans.
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, is sall' a me$imBterm plannin, pro%ess.
Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, is se$ for s)ort term, or$erB!ase$ plannin,.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 #
5.7
SAP AG 2003
/e"and Progra"
Sales
orders
=arehouse re&uire"ents
Custo"er re&uire"ents
Coverage o! re&uire"ents by
<n:house production
2orecast
Plnd. ind.
re&"ts
Sales
/e"and progra"
Stock trans!er re&uire"ents
/eman$ Mana,ement pertains to t)e a$ministration of in$epen$ent reDirements. -n$epen$ent
reDirements %an !e entere$ $ire%tl' for a pro$%tion plant. 9)e' %an also !e $eri*e$ from $eman$
plannin,.
materials %on%erne$, wit)ot )a*in, to wait for %on%rete sales or$ers. Sales or$ers ?%stomer
in$epen$ent reDirementsA are %reate$ !' sales an$ $istri!tion. Sales or$ers %an enter MRP $ire%tl'.
9)is is $esire$ w)en %stomerBspe%ifi% plannin, ta&es pla%e.
Sto%& transfer reDirements, t)at is, reDirements from ot)er lo%ations of t)e Sppl' C)ain ?$istri!tion
%enters, for e1ampleA %an, in a$$ition to t)e in$epen$ent reDirements t)at )a*e !een entere$ in t)e
pro$%tion plant, also enter t)e $eman$ pro,ram.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 E
5.8
SAP AG 2003
Planning ;ori9ons in Supply Chain Planning
%i"e
/e"and Planning
(Plans the !uture de"ands !or plants6 /Cs6 and custo"ers*
(Cross:plant planning
o! supply chain receipts*
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling
(Plans production o! a
plant in detail*
/eploy"ent
%-0
Manu!acturing
7$ecution
%oday
Planning ti"e !ence
Stock trans!er hori9on
SP production
hori9on
PP3/S hori9on
/eman$ Plannin, ?/PA ena!les 'o to pre$i%t %stomer $eman$ !' fore%astin, )istori%al %onsmption
$ata, for e1ample. /eman$ Plannin, $ata is sall' !%&etBoriente$ an$ n%onstraine$. 7or%ast $ata is
t)en release$ as planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements.
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, is a !%&etBoriente$, me$imBterm, %rossBplant plannin, pro%ess t)at plans
pro$%tion otsi$e of t)e S8P pro$%tion )ori6on, an$ pro%rement otsi$e of t)e sto%& transfer
)ori6on.
Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, is se$ for s)ortBterm, or$erB!ase$ plannin, a%%or$in, to
seDen%es an$ setp times wit)in t)e PP//S )ori6on. 9)e plannin, rn $oes not %reate an' new or$ers
wit)in t)e plannin, time fen%e. -n t)is wa', pro$%tion is not $isrpte$.
9)e plannin, time fen%es of S8P an$ PP//S o*erlap if t)e S.8P pro$%tion )ori6on is smaller t)at t)e
PP//S )ori6on. -n t)is )ori6on, S8P $etermines t)e re%eipts t)at )a*e fa*ora!le sor%es of sppl' an$
lotBsi6es. PP//S plans t)e re%eipts %reate$ !' S8P in more $etail.
/eplo'ment an$ 9ransport ;oa$ .il$er ?9;.A are part of t)e S8P mo$le an$ are se$ for s)ortBterm
replenis)ment plannin, to a$>st sto%& transfers a%%or$in, to s)ortBterm %)an,es on !ot) t)e
$eman$ an$ t)e re%eipt si$e.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 F
5.9
SAP AG 2003
%ransition !ro" Mediu" to Short:%er" Planning
SP 0)M and routing
2inite cross:plant planning
/istribution and procure"ent
>uantity:oriented and bucket:oriented
o pegging
SP planned
orders
Purch. re&uis.
Stock trans!ers
Production 0)M and routing
2inite6 detailed planning per plant
Se&uences and setup ti"es
Continuous and order:related
Pegging
Production Planning3
/etailed Scheduling
Planned orders
Purch. re&uis.
Stock trans!ers
%i"e PP3/S hori9on
SP production hori9on
%oday
Plnd. ind.
re&"ts
Sales
orders
Plnd. ind.
re&"ts
Sales
orders
8etwor& plannin, wit)in SAP APO S8P ta&es pla%e otsi$e of t)e S8P pro$%tion )ori6on. -n t)e
PP//S )ori6on, )owe*er, Pro$%tion Plannin,//etaile$ S%)e$lin, ta&es pla%e, t)at is, $etaile$ plannin,
of pro%rement in a plant. -t is possi!le, an$ also ma&es sense t)at t)e two )ori6ons o*erlap, an$ t)at t)e
PP//S )ori6on is !e)in$ t)e S8P pro$%tion )ori6on.
S8P Plannin, is !ase$ on S8P !ills of material an$ rotin,s, most of w)i%) are sall' simplifie$
pro$%tion plans. S8P !ills of material , for e1ample, sall' %ontain onl' t)e strate,i%all' important
%omponents for w)i%) foresi,)te$ plannin, is ne%essar', w)ereas pro%rement of t)e remainin,
%omponents is onl' planne$ in plantBspe%ifi% /etaile$ S%)e$lin,. S8P planne$ or$ers t)at are !ase$ on
t)is simplifie$ master $ata %an !e %on*erte$ into planne$ or$ers in /etaile$ S%)e$lin,.
Pe,,in, is t)e lin& !etween re%eipts an$ isses alon, t)e sppl' %)ain. +)en an or$er is s)ifte$, all
$epen$ent or$ers %an !e a$>ste$ atomati%all'. 9)is fn%tion is onl' a*aila!le in Pro$%tion Plannin,
an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin,. Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, is !ase$ prel' on Dantities an$ !%&ets.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 4
5.10
SAP AG 2003
<ntegration o! SP and PP3/S )rders
%i"e %oday
Start /ate
)peration .0
7nd /ate
)peration 40
.0 40 20 .0 40 20
SP prod.
hori9on
SP
PP3/S
PP3/S
hori9on
9)e PP//S )ori6on an$ t)e S8P pro$%tion )ori6on are !ot) $efine$ in %alen$ar $a's from to$a'Is $ate
onwar$s. 9)e PP//S )ori6on %an !e $efine$ ,lo!all' in t)e $efinition of t)e plannin, *ersion. Go %an
$efine !ot) )ori6ons for ea%) pro$%t in t)e lo%ationBspe%ifi% pro$%t master on t)e PP//S ta! pa,e. 9)e
settin,s in t)e pro$%t master o*erri$e t)e ,lo!al settin,s. .ot) )ori6ons %an o*erlap to $efine an area
w)ere S8P ma' plan alon,si$e PP//S.
S8P planne$ or$ers %an onl' !e %reate$ or %)an,e$ in S8PC PP//S planne$ or$ers in PP//S onl'. 9)e
S8P plannin, rn onl' %reates S8P planne$ or$ers t)at )a*e an en$ $ate t)at is otsi$e of t)e S8P
)ori6on. Atomati% PP//S plannin, onl' %o*ers reDirements wit)in t)e PP//S )ori6on.
9)e PP plannin, rn $eletes all nonBfirme$ S8P planne$ or$ers t)at )a*e an en$ $ate wit)in t)e PP//S
)ori6on, an$ %reates PP//S planne$ or$ers for t)e reDirements ?planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements,
sales or$ers, releases for sto%& transfers an$ so onA wit)in t)e PP//S )ori6on.
Go %an also fin$ t)e settin,s I7i1 pro$%tionI an$ I7i1 transportsI in t)e pro$%t master. -f t)ese
in$i%ators )a*e not !een set, S8P planne$ or$ers wit)in t)e pro$%tion )ori6on, or e1ternal pro%rement
wit)in t)e sto%& transfer )ori6on are $elete$ !' PP//S.
-f for e1ample, S8P planne$ or$er %o*er reDirements otsi$e of t)e PP//S )ori6on, t)e' are $elete$ in
t)e PP//S plannin, rn an$ n& PP//S planne$ or$ers are %reate$. 9o pre*ent t)is, t)e S8P planne$
or$ers mst !e %on*erte$ into firme$ PP//S or$ers !efore t)e PP//S plannin, rn. Go %an tri,,er t)is
%on*ersion intera%ti*el' from t)e pro$%t *iew or perio$i%all' plan a !a%&,ron$ %on*ersion in PP//S.
/rin, %on*ersion, 'o %an $efine w)et)er firme$ or nfirme$ or$ers are %reate$ wit) or wit)ot a
%on*ersion in$i%ator. Moero*er, 'o %an set t)e lotBsi6in, pro%e$re wit) w)i%) or$ers are to !e %reate$
an$ w)et)er t)e S8P sor%es of sppl' are to !e %opie$. 9)e en$ $ate of t)e S8P planne$ or$er is se$
in s%)e$lin,. Go %an fin$ %on*ersion n$er Pro$%tion Plannin, BT En*ironment BT Con*ersion of
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, BT Pro$%tion Plannin, in .a%&,ron$
5.11
SAP AG 2002
<ntegration o! SP and SAP +34
Stock transport
re&uisitions
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
Planned orders
Purchase
re&uisition
Production orders
Plnd. indep. re&"ts
Planned orders
/e"and Planning
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements %ome from SAP R/3 $eman$ mana,ement or from SAP APO
/eman$ Plannin,.
Sales or$ers %ome from t)e SAP R/3 Sales an$ /istri!tion mo$le.
S8P ,enerates sto%& transfers an$ planne$ or$ers. 9)ese planne$ or$ers %an eit)er !e %on*erte$ into
pro$%tion or$ers in SAP R/3, or planne$ in $etail in SAP APO PP//S an$ transferre$ to SAP R/3 as
pro$%tion or$ers. /etaile$ S%)e$lin, %an t)s ta&e pla%e in eit)er SAP R/3 or SAP APO.
5.12
SAP AG 2002
Purposes o! Supply et#ork Planning
Supply et#ork Planning takes place in the "ediu" to long:
ter" hori9on. <t creates a rough &uantity:based6 cross:
location production and distribution plan #ith individual
rough:cut bills o! "aterial (0)M* and routings.
%he SP 0)M contains critical products that are to be
produced on bottleneck resources and products #ith a long
replenish"ent lead ti"e.
SP ensures that the correct &uantity is available on the
correct day #ithout overloading critical resources. %he
s"allest unit used !or scheduling is one day.
SP supports "ake:to:stock production only.
9)e prpose of S8P is to mat%) a feasi!le pro%rement plan to t)e $eman$ plan ?from SAP APO /P, for
e1ampleA. 9o $o t)is, it %)e%&s ,lo!al an$ %entral pro%rement, sto%& transfer, an$ pro$%tion
possi!ilities. -t t)en %reates a feasi!le soltion !ase$ on t)is.
Simlation s%enarios ena!le 'o to %reate an$ %ompare alternati*e plans.
0sin, ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion strate,ies, pro$%tion or pro%rement is planne$, sin, planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements t)at arise from t)e fore%ast of e1pe%te$ ftre sales. A%%or$in, to t)e %)oi%e
of strate,', sales or$ers %an affe%t reDirements, %onsme planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements, or )a*e no
effe%t on planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements. -n ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion, sales or$ers are sall'
flfille$ !' ware)ose sto%&. 9)e i$entifi%ation nm!er for strate,ies in SAP R/3 an$ SAP APO is
sall' $ifferent, !e%ase an SAP APO strate,' %an %ontain more t)an one SAP R/3 strate,'. S8P
spports t)e followin, SAP R/3 strate,ies: 10, ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion, an$ 50, plannin, wit) final
assem!l'.
5.13
SAP AG 2002
Planning o! the Co"plete Supply Chain
Supplier
#arehouse
Manu!acturer
/C
Custo"er /C
Production
process "odel
Production
plant
Supplier plant
/ifferent plannin, met)o$s %an !e se$ to %reate %rossBlo%ation, feasi!le plans for material flow alon,
t)e sppl' %)ain, ta&in, $eman$ %onstraints an$ penalt' %osts into a%%ont. 9)is reslts in optimi6e$
pr%)asin,, pro$%tion an$ $istri!tion $e%isions, re$%e$ sto%& le*els, an$ impro*e$ $eli*er'
relia!ilit'.
Possi!le $eman$ %onstraints are material a*aila!ilit' an$ free a*aila!ilit' of wor& %enter %apa%ities,
stora,e %apa%ities, transportation %apa%ities an$ )an$lin, %apa%ities.
5.14
SAP AG 2002
Supplier Custo"er /C Plant
-ocations in the Supply et#ork
Carrier M+P
area
Stock trans!er
point
%ransportation
9one
-ocations are only di!!erentiated
by location type sy"bols on the
"ap (e$ception, @M<*
Products can be stored at any
location
/e"ands can be !ul!illed by any
location
Any location can be assigned
storage6 handling6 supply6 and
production capacities.
Storage and purchase costs can
be de!ined per location !or each
product.
Pro$%tion, s)ippin,, an$ stora,e %alen$ars %an !e $efine$ for ea%) lo%ation.
A )an$lin, an$ a stora,e resor%e %an !e assi,ne$ to a lo%ation to represent a,,re,ate$ )an$lin, an$
stora,e %apa%it'.
9)e ,eo,rap)i%al $ata is se$ to position t)e lo%ation on t)e ,eo,rap)i%al map of t)e Sppl' C)ain
En,ineer. Pre$efinin, it as a part of t)e lo%ation $ata for%es t)e lo%ation to !e positione$ at a spe%ifi%
point on t)e map. -f 'o lea*e t)ese fiel$s !lan&, t)e' are fille$ atomati%all' w)en 'o pla%e t)e
lo%ation on t)e map.
9)e VMI customer ta! pa,e onl' applies to t)e lo%ation t'pe I1010I ?%stomerA. 9)e Crr. ta! pa,e is onl'
a%ti*ate$ w)en 'o sele%t t)e lo%ation t'pe I1020I ?CarrierA.
-npt fiel$s t)at are not a*aila!le to ot)er lo%ation t'pes are a%ti*ate$ for lo%ation t'pe I100EI ?MRP
areaA.
7or ea%) lo%ation, 'o %an $efUne %osts for stora,e, )an$lin,, pro%rement an$ pro$%tion, an$ penalt'
%osts for nonB$eli*er'. Pro%rement %osts are se$ to %)oose sppliers, an$ pro$%tion %osts to %)oose
pro$%tion pro%ess mo$els ?PPMsA. An inte,rate$ %ost %onsi$eration is e1e%te$ $rin, t)e S8P
optimi6ation rn.
5.15
SAP AG 2002
%ransportation -anes
7ransportation lanes control t&e flo" of material along
t&e suppl c&ain
Procure"ent
Means o! transport
Products that can be
delivered by a "eans o!
transport.
%ransportation capacity
by volu"e6 #eight6
pallets
%ransportation costs
per unit6 product and
"eans o! transport
A transportation lane in SAP APO represents a !siness relations)ip !etween lo%ations, w)i%) 'o %an
se to transport ,oo$s. 9)e lanes an$ t)e lo%ations represent t)e sppl' %)ain networ&. Material flow is
$efine$ !' t)e $ire%tion of t)e transportation lane from startBlo%ation to $estinationBlo%ation. 9)ese
transportation lanes ena!le 'o to:
/efine t)e pro$%t pro%rement parameters s%) as lot si6es, %ost fn%tions, nit %osts, an$ lane
priorities
/efine t)e means of transport ?tr%&, s)ip, airplane, an$ so onA for ea%) lane an$ t)e relate$
parameters s%) as transportation %osts, $istan%es, an$ times
Assi,n pro$%tBspe%ifi% means of transport
Assi,n %arriers to t)e lanes.
Go %an *iew t)e laneBrele*ant $ata from t)e Sppl' C)ain En,ineer men or on t)e map. Go %an, for
e1ample, $ispla' a list of all pro$%ts t)at are assi,ne$ to a %ertain transportation lane.
5.16
SAP AG 2002
+esource Categories
Production
;andling Storage
%ransportation
Go se !%&et resor%es for t)e !%&etBoriente$, me$im an$ lon,Bterm plannin, of Sppl' 8etwor&
Plannin,. 9)e smallest time nit t)at %an !e se$ in !%&et resor%es is one $a'.
Go %an $efine t)e %apa%it' of a !%&et resor%e as:
Qantit' ?wit)ot time !aseA B !' $efinin, t)e transportation %apa%it' of a tr%& or t)e stora,e
%apa%it' of a ware)ose, for e1ample.
Rate ?Dantit' wit) time !aseA B t)is $efines t)e %onsmption or pro$%tion %apa%it' of a resor%e, for
e1ampleC in ot)er wor$s, t)e Dantit' t)at is %onsme$ or pro$%e$ on a wor&in, $a' at t)e resor%e.
Go %an se transportation !%&et resor%es to mo$el t)e %apa%it' of transport fleets in or$er to a*oi$
o*erloa$in, t)em.
Go %an se stora,e !%&et resor%es to mo$el t)e %apa%it' of stora,e lo%ations in or$er to a*oi$
o*erloa$in, t)em.
Go %an se )an$lin, !%&et resor%es to mo$el t)e %apa%it' of for&lifts, %on*e'or !elts, or pipelines in
or$er to a*oi$ o*erloa$in, t)em.
5.17
SAP AG 2002
Structure o! Plan and PPM
)perations,
Activities,
Prod&ct
Relations$ip
Reso&rces
9n/-&t
Reso&rce cons&(ption
Se5&ence
Plan :location+independent;
Control costs
%aterial staging
Pre+asse()l"
'inal asse()l"
9nspection
Prod&ce
6ear do#n
3&e&e ti(e
Prod&ct< location<
lot+si=e area
PPM
9)e $etaile$ information reDire$ for pro$%in, a pro$%t is spe%ifie$ in t)e plan. Ea%) plan in%l$es
one or more operations. Ea%) operation in%l$es one or more a%ti*ities, t)e %omponents %onsme$ !'
t)e a%ti*it', t)e resor%es se$ an$ t)eir seDen%e wit)in t)e operation.
9)e plans se$ for S8P are sall' less $etaile$ t)an t)ose se$ for Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$
S%)e$lin, ?PP//SA.
5.18
SAP AG 2002
)ptions in Supply et#ork Planning
Finite
sc&eduling
Capable:to:Match (C%M* and opti"i9er, Si"ultaneous
&uantity and capacity re&uire"ents planning6 SP
resources and "aterial availability are checked #hen
creating orders.
:nfinite
sc&eduling
;euristic, +esources and "aterial availability are not
checked #hen creating planned orders and SP stock
trans!ers.
Mediu" to long:ter" planning strategies
Short:ter" replenish"ent planning (deploy"ent*
;euristic and opti"i9er, Adapts stock trans!ers to the
current de"and3receipt situation.
%ransport -oad 0uilder (%-0*,
Groups together stock trans!ers
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, in SAP APO %an !e e1e%te$ as finite or infinite plannin,.
Capa%ities are not %)e%&e$ in infinite pro$%tion plannin,. Re%eipts ?planne$ or$ers an$ S8P sto%&
transfersA are %reate$ wit) appropriate $ates, e*en w)en no remainin, %apa%it' is a*aila!le. E*en w)en
%omponents %annot !e pro%re$ on time, planne$ or$ers are still %reate$. Capa%it' reDirements plannin,
t)en ta&es pla%e in a se%on$ step.
/rin, finite plannin,, w)en re%eipts are !ein, %reate$, t)e a*aila!ilit' of %apa%ities an$ %omponents
nee$e$ for pro$%tion is %)e%&e$. Onl' w)en sffi%ient %apa%it' is a*aila!le %an t)e planne$ or$er !e
%reate$. -f t)ere is no %apa%it' remainin, for t)e $esire$ time, t)e planne$ or$er is %reate$ earlier or later
?w)en %apa%it' is a*aila!leA an$ t)is $ela' is in$i%ate$ !' a %orrespon$in, alert. C9M an$ t)e optimi6er
%reate feasi!le me$im term pro%rement, pro$%tion, an$ $istri!tion plans.
/eplo'ment $istri!tes t)e sto%&s an$ a*aila!le re%eipts from t)e plants to t)e /C an$ *en$or mana,e$
in*entor' %stomers ?2M-A. Sto%& transfers are a$>ste$ to t)e %rrent sitation.
9)e 9ransport ;oa$ .il$er ta&es transportation %apa%ities into a%%ont an$ ,rops to,et)er t)e
$eplo'ment sto%& transfers into 9;. s)ipments.
5.19
SAP AG 2002
SP Process 2lo#
Per!or" SP heuristic6
opti"i9ation6 or C%M run
2inali9e SP plan
(available to PP3/S*
Check plan3
Solve proble"s
/eploy"ent
run
+elease constraint:
based SP plan
to /P
%-0 run
0uild ship"ents !or
non:assigned
deploy"ent orders
Set up "aster data and
supply chain "odel
+elease de"and plan
+)en t)e $eman$ plan is release$ from /eman$ Plannin,, planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements are
%reate$ for S8P or PP//S. Eit)er t)e $eman$ planner or t)e S8P planner %an perform t)is step.
Performin, t)e S8P rn sin, t)e S8P )eristi%, S8P optimi6ation, or Capa!leBtoBMat%) reslts in a
me$im term pro$%tion an$ $istri!tion plan.
After t)e S8P rn, %)e%& t)e e1%eption messa,es ?alertsA an$ sol*e an' e1istin, pro!lems.
9)e final S8P plan %onsists of S8P sto%& transfers, an$ S8P planne$ or$ers. S8P planne$ or$ers %an !e
atomati%all' %on*erte$ into PP//S planne$ or$ers in t)e pro$%tion )ori6on. Pro$%tion Plannin, an$
/etaile$ S%)e$lin, ?PP//SA ses t)ese PP//S planne$ or$ers as a !asis for remo*in, $etaile$
!ottlene%&s an$ to %reate a feasi!le pro$%tion plan.
9)e final S8P plan %an !e retrne$ to /P to %ompare t)e n%onstraine$ $eman$ plan wit) t)e
%onstraine$ S8P plan.
On%e pro$%tion plannin, )as !een %omplete$, t)e $eplo'ment rn %onfirms t)e S8P sto%& transfers
!ase$ on %rrent re%eipts an$ $eman$s.
9)e 9;. rn ,rops t)e %onfirme$ $eplo'ment sto%& transfers resltin, from t)e $eplo'ment rn into
9;. s)ipments.
5.20
SAP AG 2002
SP Planning 5sing ;euristics
E
0
J
4
0
J
4. 7$plosion o! PPM
Create and schedule
receipts
2. @alid transportation
lanes6 &uota arrange"ents6
priorities
>uantity:based6 rapid6 cross:plant planning
Planning against in!inite capacities
%i"e:based aggregation (on #eekly bucket pro!iles6 !or e$a"ple*
.
2
.. /e"and
no stock
9)e role of t)e )eristi% is: 9o plan sppl' to %o*er $eman$s, wit)ot ta&in, $eman$ %onstraints s%) as
a*aila!le %apa%ities an$ material a*aila!ilit' into %onsi$eration ?infinite plannin,AC %rossBplant !%&etB
oriente$ plannin, of re%eipts for pr%)asin,, pro$%tion, an$ $istri!tion in t)e %omplete $eli*er'
networ&C an$ finall', t)e s'n%)roni6ation of a%ti*ities an$ plannin, of material flow t)ro,)ot t)e
w)ole sppl' %)ain.
9)is ,rap)i% s)ows an e1ample of t)e )eristi% pro%e$re.
9)ere is a $eman$ in t)e $istri!tion %enter. 9)e net reDirements %al%lation fin$s no sto%&. 9)e
pro$%t is pro%re$ e1ternall'. 9)e s'stem anal'6es possi!le transportation lanes. 9)e $eman$ is
$istri!te$ a%%or$in, to Dota arran,ements an$ passe$ on to t)e plants sin, sto%& transfers.
9)ere is no sto%& in t)e plants, t)e S8P plans ?PPMsA are t)s e1plo$e$, planne$ or$ers are %reate$
for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t, an$ $epen$ent reDirements are %reate$ for t)e %omponents. 9)e planne$
or$er wit) t)e )i,)er Dota arran,ement in t)e plant is not feasi!le $e to %apa%it' reasons. An alert is
,enerate$ an$ t)e planner )as to step in intera%ti*el'.
Pro%rement for %omponents ta&es pla%e o*er t)e possi!le transportation lanes a%%or$in, to Dota
arran,ements or priorities. 9)e spplier wit) t)e )i,)est priorit' %annot $eli*er eno,). An alert is
,enerate$ an$ t)e planner )as to step in.
9)e )eristi% %an t)s !e implemente$ for rapi$, %rossBplant $istri!tion an$ pro%rement plannin,, for
e1ample, if $eman$ %onstraints $o not pla' a role.
5.21
SAP AG 2002
Capacity -eveling
Capacity load
.00 J
0AC1=A+/ 2)+=A+/
7ime*based capacit le%eling
/ay . /ay 2 /ay 4 /ay 4 /ay 4
9)e planner %an se t)e followin, pro%e$re to a$>st t)e plan to t)e a*aila!le %apa%ities:
.a%&war$ s%)e$lin, of t)e %apa%it' loa$ to satisf' $eman$ wit) )i,) priorities wit)ot $e $ate
*iolations. 9)is res%)e$lin, $oes not %reate an' or$ers in t)e pro$%tion )ori6on, )owe*er. 7orwar$
s%)e$lin, of t)e %apa%it' loa$ relate$ to $eman$ wit) lower priorities an$ minimi6ation of $e $ate
*iolations !ase$ on $eman$ priorities.
A %om!ination of !a%&war$ an$ forwar$ s%)e$lin, of %apa%it' loa$.
-f 'o %)oose timeB!ase$ %apa%it' le*elin,, 'o %an sele%t $ifferent priorit' rles. -f 'o $o not sele%t a
priorit' rle, t)e priorit' is $etermine$ !' t)e s'stem an$ is %ompletel' ran$om. -f, for e1ample, 'o
%)oose @9imeB.ase$ Capa%it'B;e*elin, !' $e%reasin, or$er Dantit'@, t)e s'stem le*els t)e lar,est
or$er first, t)en t)e se%on$ lar,est an$ so on. -f 'o %)oose @9imeB.ase$ Capa%it'B;e*elin, !'
$e%reasin, stora,e %apa%it'@, t)e s'stem le*els t)e or$er wit) t)e lar,est stora,e %apa%it', t)en t)e one
wit) t)e se%on$ lar,est an$ so on. -f 'o %)oose @9imeB.ase$ Capa%it'B;e*elin, !' $e%reasin, pro$%t
priorit'@, t)e s'stem le*els t)e or$er wit) t)e )i,)est priorit', t)en t)e one wit) t)e se%on$ lar,est
priorit' an$ so on.
Pro$%t priorit' is maintaine$ in t)e pro$%t lo%ation master re%or$ on t)e S8P2 ta! pa,e.
5.22
SAP AG 2002
SP Planning 5sing Capable:to:Match (C%M*
)rder:based6 cross:plant planning
Planning against !inite #ork center capacities
Prioriti9ation using rules
/eter"ination o! the !irst !easible solution
4
0
J
E
0
J
.. /e"and
no stock
.
2
4. 7$plosion o! PPM
schedule receipts6 check
capacity re&uire"ents and
co"ponent availability
lanes6 &uota arrange"ents6
priorities
Capa!leBtoBMat%) ?C9MA is a rlesB%ontrolle$, %rossBplant plannin, pro%e$re t)at ta&es $eman$
%onstraints s%) as a*aila!le %apa%it' an$ material a*aila!ilit' into a%%ont in t)e plannin, rn.
9)e feasi!ilit' of re%eipts is s%%essi*el' %)e%&e$ a%%or$in, to priorities or %apa%ities an$ t)e first
feasi!le soltion is planne$.
Capa!leBtoBMat%) ?C9MA seDentiall' le*els prioriti6e$ %stomer reDirements an$ fore%asts a,ainst
feasi!le re%eipts in t)e networ&, $rin, w)i%) %omponent a*aila!ilit' an$ pro$%tion %apa%ities are
%onsi$ere$ on a mltiBle*el !asis. C9M plans t)e first feasi!le soltion. 9)is is not ne%essaril' t)e
optimal soltion for s!seDent $eman$s.
9)is sli$e s)ows an e1ample of C9M:
9)ere is a $eman$ at t)e $istri!tion %enter. 9)e net reDirements %al%lation fin$s no sto%&. 9)e
pro$%t is pro%re$ e1ternall'. 9)e s'stem anal'6es possi!le transportation lanes. C9M %)e%&s t)e
pro%rement of t)e finis)e$ pro$%t an$ of t)e %omponents from t)e plant wit) t)e )i,)er Dota
arran,ement. 9)e %omplete amont %annot !e pro%re$. Pro%rement is $istri!te$ a%%or$in, to
feasa!ilit' an$ passe$ on to t)e plants as sto%& transfers.
for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t, an$ $epen$ent reDirements are %reate$ for t)e %omponents. 9)ere is %apa%it'
in t)e plants to flfill t)e planne$ or$ers. 9)e planner $oes not nee$ to step in.
arran,ements or priorities. 9)e sppliers are a!le to sppl' eno,). 9)e planner $oes not nee$ to step
in.
5.23
SAP AG 2002
+esults o! C%M Planning
..
2.
4.
4.
I.
C.
E.
H.
D.
.0.
...
Categori9ed
Stocks
Prioriti9ed de"ands
+apable*to*$atc&
Multi:site capacity and
transportation capability check
-n t)e C9M plannin, rn, prioriti6e$ $eman$s are le*ele$ a,ainst a*aila!le sto%&s an$ re%eipts. 9)e
re%eipts an$ $eman$s are t)en le*ele$ ta&in, pro$%tion %apa%ities an$ transportation possi!ilities into
a%%ont.
9)e e1e%tion of a C9M plannin, rn in t)e S8P en*ironment pro$%es a me$im term pro$%tion an$
$istri!tion plan.
C9M %omplements S8PIs %rossBplant sppl' %)ain plannin, strate,ies. -ts prpose is to perform a Di%&
%)e%& of pro$%tion %apa%ities an$ transportation %apa!ilities !ase$ on a set of %ate,ori6e$ spplies an$
prioriti6e$ $eman$s.
C9M ta&es t)e followin, into a%%ont: -n$i*i$al reDirements, pro$%tion %apa%it', %omponent
a*aila!ilit', lo%ation priorit' an$ reDirement priorit', Pe,,in,, A9P rles for pro$%t s!stittion an$
splittin, pro$%tion !etween se*eral resor%es. :owe*er, it $oes not ta&e )an$lin,, stora,e, or
transportation %apa%ities into a%%ont.
C9M is an or$erB!ase$ plannin, tool t)at ses pe,,in, met)o$s to tra%& or$ers !a%& to t)e in$i*i$al
reDirement. Stri%tl' spea&in,, C9M is t)erefore not Dite S8P plannin,, !e%ase it pro*i$es Dantit'
plannin, rat)er t)an or$erB!ase$ plannin,. 8e*ert)eless, C9M is %onsi$ere$ in t)is nit, !e%ase it $eals
wit) a form of %rossBplant plannin,. After t)e optimi6ation rn ?or after t)e )eristi% rnA, it is no lon,er
possi!le to assi,n planne$ pro$%tion or$ers or sto%& transfers to t)e ori,inal %stomer or$er.
5.24
SAP AG 2002
Supply et#ork Planning 5sing the )pti"i9er
>uantity:based6 cross:plant planning
Planning against !inite #ork center capacities6 storage capacities6 and
transportation capacities
Prioriti9ation using control costs
/eter"ination o! the !irst !easible and opti"al solution
.. /e"and
no stock
4. 7$plosion o! PPM
schedule receipts6 check
costs and co"ponent
availability
lanes and costs
9)e S8P optimi6er is a %ostB!ase$, %rossBplant plannin, pro%e$re t)at ta&es $eman$ %onstraints s%) as
a*aila!le %apa%it' an$ material a*aila!ilit' into a%%ont in t)e plannin, rn.
9)e optimi6ation rn ?li&e t)e )eristi% rnA is a Dantit'B!ase$ plannin, wit)ot pe,,in,. -t is not
possi!le to assi,n planne$ pro$%tion or$ers or sto%& transfers to t)e ori,inal sales or$er.
9)is sli$e s)ows an e1ample of t)e optimi6er:
9)ere is a $eman$ in t)e $istri!tion %enter. 9)e net reDirements %al%lation fin$s no sto%&. 9)e
pro$%t is pro%re$ e1ternall'. 9)e s'stem anal'6es t)e possi!le transportation lanes. 9)e optimi6er
,lo!all' %)e%&s t)e most %ostBeffe%ti*e pro%rement of t)e finis)e$ pro$%t an$ of t)e %omponents.
9)e %omplete amont %annot !e pro%re$ in t)e most %ostBeffe%ti*e plant. Pro%rement is $istri!te$
a%%or$in, to feasa!ilit' an$ %osts an$ passe$ on to t)e plants as sto%& transfers.
for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t, an$ $epen$ent reDirements are %reate$ for t)e %omponents. 9)ere is %apa%it'
in t)e plants to flfill t)e planne$ or$ers. 9)e planner $oes not nee$ to step in.
arran,ements or priorities. 9)e sppliers are a!le to sppl' eno,). 9)e planner $oes not nee$ to step
in.
9)e optimi6er ta&es into a%%ont perio$i% total $eman$s, pro$%tion %apa%ities, )an$lin, %apa%ities,
stora,e %apa%ities, an$ transportation %apa%ities, %omponent a*aila!ilit', re%eipt an$ $eman$ priorit'
sin, %ontrol %osts, an$ t)e splittin, of pro$%tion !etween se*eral resor%es.
5.25
SAP AG 2002
;o# the )pti"i9er =orks
Si"ultaneous product
and resource planning
2easible receipts, Planned orders6 stock trans!ers and
purchase re&uisitions
)pti"i9er
+esult,
Constraints,
Product priority
Production capacity
Storage capacity
%ransportation capacity
-ot si9es
Sa!ety stock
-ocation products
;ori9ons
9)e optimi6er ses linear pro,rammin, to %onsi$er all rele*ant fa%tors simltaneosl'. -t %ompares
alternati*e soltions for t)e in%rre$ %osts an$ proposes t)e !est feasi!le soltion !ase$ on %onstraints
$efine$ in t)e s'stem. Go also se t)e %ontrol %osts to %onfi,re 'or priorities s%) as minimi6in,
$ela's or minimi6in, onB)an$ sto%&. 9)e optimi6er %onsi$ers all %onstraints in t)e sppl' %)ain mo$el
t)at were a%ti*ate$ in t)e optimi6er profile. As more %onstraints are a%ti*ate$, t)e optimi6ation pro!lem
!e%omes more %omple1 an$ t)e time reDire$ to sol*e t)e pro!lem in%reases.
9)e feasi!ilit' of t)e re%eipts is %)e%&e$ ,lo!all' an$ t)e most %ostBeffe%ti*e, feasi!le soltion is
planne$. Prioriti6ation is %ontrolle$ sin, %ontrol %osts, t)at are maintaine$ in SAP APO ?e1%eption:
Pro%rement %osts from pr%)asin, info re%or$s, s%)e$lin, a,reements or %ontra%tsA. 9)e optimi6er
i,nores Dota arran,ements. 9)e' %an, )owe*er, !e optimi6e$ an$ %reate$ in t)e plannin, rn.
9)e optimi6ation rn ?li&e t)e )eristi% rnA is a Dantit'B!ase$ plannin, wit)ot pe,,in,. -t %annot
assi,n planne$ pro$%tion or$ers or pr%)ase reDisitions to t)e ori,inal sales or$er.
5.26
SAP AG 2002
Purposes o! )pti"i9ation
3&at s&ould be optimi>ed4
)pti"al costs )pti"al service level
Prere&uisite,
>Real> 2aria)le costs or an ade5&ate
good esti(ate
Prere&uisite,
>Si(pli!ied> costs accepted (Control
costs*
?on+deli2er" costs @
sales price A s&rc$arge !or
c&sto(er loss/dissatis!action
?on+deli2er" costs @ $ig$
Storage costs @ B 0< CC ?0
-t$er costs @ CC ?0
@Optimal ser*i%e le*el@ on t)is ,rap)i% s)ows t)e simpler %onfi,ration. Go maintain )i,) nonB$eli*er'
%osts ?8CA an$ stora,e %osts for t)e finis)e$ pro$%ts sin, mass maintenan%e. 9)e )i,) nonB$eli*er'
%osts for%e t)e optimi6er to e1)ast all possi!le pro%rement an$ pro$%tion %apa%ities to satisf' t)e
$eman$s. 9)e stora,e %osts ma&e sre t)at pro%rement an$ pro$%tion are %arrie$ ot as late as
possi!le.
@Optimal %osts@ on t)is ,rap)i% s)ows t)e more %omple1 %onfi,ration. Go maintain realisti% %osts for
pro%rement, pro$%tion, transportation, an$ stora,e. Go mo$el lost sales an$ %stomer $issatisfa%tion
sin, $ela' an$ nonB$eli*er' %osts. -n t)is s%enario t)e optimi6er ses t)e %osts to $etermine t)e most
%ostBeffe%ti*e inte,rate$ soltion.
9)e reslt of t)e optimi6ation rn is an optimal soltion ?minimm %osts or ma1imm profitA ta&in,
a%%ont of plannin,Brele*ant transportation, pro$%tion, stora,e, an$ )an$lin, %onstraints. -n t)at sense,
t)e soltion is feasi!le. :owe*er, t)e reslt mi,)t !e t)at $eB$ate %onstraints are *iolate$ or safet'
sto%&s are not fille$. /eB$ates an$ safet' sto%&s are %onsi$ere$ to !e soft %onstraints. 9)ere are %osts
asso%iate$ wit) s%) *iolations, so t)e optimi6er onl' proposes t)is soltion if, a%%or$in, to t)e %osts
spe%ifie$ in t)e s'stem, it is t)e most %ostBeffe%ti*e soltion.
5.27
SAP AG 2002
Co"parison o! SP Strategies (.*
0e(and at a location
0ependent de(and at loc4
Process !lo#
;euristic, )pti"i9er,
C%M,
9)e )eristi% is a rapi$ infinite plannin, met)o$ t)at ,enerates alerts w)en t)ere is a material s)ortfall or
resor%e o*erloa$.
C9M is a rlesB!ase$ met)o$ wit) e1tensi*e prioriti6ation %apa!ilities an$ finite, ,lo!al plannin, of
pro$%tion resor%es. C9M pro*i$es or$erB!ase$ plannin,, sin, pe,,in, met)o$s to tra%& or$ers !a%&
to t)e in$i*i$al reDirement.
9)e optimi6er %onsi$ers material an$ resor%e a*aila!ilit' simltaneosl'. -t ses linear pro,rammin, to
%onsi$er all rele*ant fa%tors simltaneosl' as one pro!lem. -n ot)er wor$s, seDential pro%essin, is not
se$ to $etermine a soltion. 9)e optimi6er %onsi$ers transportation, pro$%tion, stora,e, an$ )an$lin,
%osts to propose a minimm %ost soltion t)at meets t)e respe%ti*e %onstraints.
9)e la%& of pe,,in, of or$ers !a%& to t)e in$i*i$al reDirement )as t)e followin, reper%ssions: =&
or$erB!ase$ plannin, ta&es pla%e in Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin,. After t)e optimi6ation rn ?or after t)e
)eristi% rnA, no information relatin, to %onne%tions !etween parti%lar planne$ pro$%tion or$ers an$
ori,inal sales or$ers %an !e $etermine$ ?)owe*er, C9M %an pro*i$e s%) information t)ro,) or$er
tra%&in,A.
5.28
SAP AG 2002
Co"parison o! SP Strategies (2*
Speed
>uality
Prod. resources
)ther resources
Multi:level
Costs
Priorities
>uota arrange"ents
;euristic )pti"i9er C%M
O
:
2. Step6 local
:
O
:
:
O
:
O
global O
global O
O
O
Product3location
creates
global O
:
O
:
-ocation 3 prod.O
O
9)e performan%e of t)e t)ree plannin, met)o$s %an !e appro1imate$ as follows: 9)e )eristi% is t)e
fastest met)o$, C9M is t)e se%on$ fastest an$ t)e optimi6er is t)e most %omple1 an$ t)e slowest
met)o$. 9)is statement is onl' a ro,) ,i$eline: -f 'o plan a lot of or$ers per perio$ an$ lo%ation
pro$%t, t)e performan%e of C9M an$ t)e optimi6er is %ompara!le sin%e plannin, in C9M is or$erB
!ase$.
9)e Dalit' of t)e plannin, reslts will !e worst sin, t)e )eristi% ?infinite plannin,A, t)e ne1t !est
reslt s)ol$ !e rea%)e$ sin, C9M an$ finall', t)e !est reslt is e1pe%te$ w)en sin, t)e optimi6er, as
t)is al,orit)m wei,)s p all possi!ilities.
9)e optimi6er an$ C9M %onsi$er resor%es ,lo!all' an$ finitel', w)ile t)e infinite plannin, reslt of t)e
)eristi% mst !e postpro%esse$ intera%ti*el'.
9)e optimi6er %an %onsi$er transportation, stora,e an$ )an$lin, resor%es %an !e %onsi$ere$ ,lo!all'
an$ finitel', w)ile t)e infinite plannin, reslt of C9M an$ t)e )eristi% %an !e postpro%esse$
intera%ti*el'.
Costs are onl' rele*ant to t)e optimi6er.
C9M plannin, is %ontrolle$ sin, priorities. 9)ere are pro$%t, lo%ation, or$er an$ $e $ate,
pro%rement an$ sto%& transfer priorities. Go set priorities for t)e optimi6er sin, penalt' %osts for late
$eli*er' an$ nonB$eli*er'.
Qota arran,ements are se$ !' t)e )eristi% an$ C9M. 9)e' %an !e optimi6e$ sin, t)e optimi6er.
5.29
SAP AG 2002
Supply et#ork Planning, 5nit Su""ary
8ou can display the distribution net#ork o! Supply
et#ork Planning using the Supply Chain 7ngineer.
%he distribution net#ork is "ade up o! locations and
their reciprocal supply relationships.
Supply et#ork Planning is a rough:cut planning tool
in the "ediu" to long:ter" ti"e hori9on.
Production Planning3/etailed Scheduling then !ollo#s
on in the production hori9on.
Supply et#ork Planning can be e$ecuted using three
planning "ethods, ;euristic6 C%M6 and the opti"i9er.
Supply et#ork Planning results in !easible
production and procure"ent plans.
5.30Supply =e!w&r4 Planning ()eri"e"
*ni!+ Supply =e!w&r4 Planning
Call p intera%ti*e plannin, in S8P
E1e%te t)e )eristi% rn
E*alate t)e %apa%it' sitation for a resor%e
,rop nm!erA are planne$ in SAP APO. -n t)e first step of
plannin,, a $eman$ plan is %reate$ in SAP APO /eman$
Plannin, an$ t)en release$ to Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, ?APO
S8PA 0sin, t)e S8P :eristi%, a ro,) pro$%tion an$
$istri!tion plan is %reate$ in S8P, an$ %)e%&e$ in t)e pro$%tion
plants for %apa%it' o*erloa$s.
1B1 Carr' ot intera%ti*e S8P plannin, for pro$%t 9B72LL in $istri!tion %enter 2500. -n
$oin, so, plan t)e reDirements t)at were release$ from SAP APO $eman$ plannin,.
1B1B1 Call p t)e transa%tion <n!era!ive Supply =e!w&r4 Planning from t)e S8P
men. 9o e$it t)e plannin, sitation for pro$%t 9B72LL in lo%ation 2500,
%)oose Selection Window in t)e top left s%reen area. 7irst of all, sele%t J,PO
6&a!i&n Pr&$u!K ?in t)e JS)owK fiel$A. Ber"i&n 000 is alrea$' $ispla'e$
atomati%all'. -n t)e ne1t row, enter ,PO H6&a!i&n Pr&$u! on%e a,ain, an$
on t)e ri,)tB)an$ si$e enter 'or pro$%t %-/200. *opy t)e sele%tion.
7inall', l&a$ t)e $a!a for l&a!i&n 2400 ?t)at is, pro$%t 9B72LLA in t)e
plannin, ta!le, !' $o!leB%li%&in, on t)e %orrespon$in, sele%tion line.
9)e plannin, $ata t)at pre*iosl' e1iste$ ?total $eman$sA is $ispla'e$ on t)e
ri,)tB)an$ si$e of t)e s%reen: :ere 'o %an see t)e fore%aste$ sales fi,res for
lo%ation 2500.
1B1B2 C)e%& w)et)er t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements t)at 'o release$ are also
$ispla'e$ for $istri!tion %enter 2500 an$ plant 1000. ?;oa$ t)e $ata !' $o!leB
%li%&in, on t)e %orrespon$in, sele%tion line in t)e sele%tion s%reenA. Ma&e sre
t)at no re%eipts e1ist 'et.
1B1B3 -n w)i%) &e' fi,re are t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements s)ownM ?9o
answer t)is Destion, $o!leB%li%& on t)e fiel$ Jtotal $eman$KA.
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
1B1B5 Ma&e sre t)at no $istri!te$ $eman$s an$ pro$%tion or$ers e1ist for
pro$%tion plants 1000 an$ 2300.
1B2 Plan t)e pro%rement networ&:
1B2B1 Pro%ee$ to t)e Change mo$e an$ rn t)e Feuri"!i :ne!w&r4;, !' %)oosin, t)e
%orrespon$in, !tton in t)e a!o*e ri,)t area of t)e s%reen. 8ote t)e messa,e
t)at is $ispla'e$ at t)e en$ of plannin,. :ow man' lo%ation pro$%ts were
planne$M
1B2B2 C)e%& t)e sitation for pro$%t %-/200 for $istri!tion %enter 2400 ?Save 'or
plannin, if t)e s'stem prompts 'o toA. +ere re%eipt elements %reate$M
+)i%) plants sppl' t)e re%eiptsM ?;oo& at t)e $etails of a %ell sin, a ri,)t
mose %li%& for t)e &e' fi,re ?planne$A $istri!tion re%eiptsA.
1B3 C)e%& t)e %apa%it' sitation for re"&ure %-600 in plant 1000 in t)e Capa%it' 2iew:
1B3B1 C)an,e t)e $ata *iew, !' $o!leB%li%&in, on Planning 8&&4.$a!a view
C,P,C<%> CF(CE in t)e !ottom ri,)t area of t)e s%reen.
Open t)e "ele!i&n win$&w an$, n$er Sh&w, sele%t ,PO -e"&ure. Ber"i&n
000 is $ispla'e$ atomati%all'. -n t)e ne1t line, a$$ ,PO re"&ure a,ain an$
enter -e""&ure 3%-600I1000I001. ;oa$ t)e $ata for t)e resor%e into t)e
plannin, ta!le. Are a*aila!le %apa%it' an$ %apa%it' %onsmption $ispla'e$ for
t)is resor%eM
Are t)ere an' %apa%it' o*erloa$sM
1B3B2 -f t)ere are an' %apa%it' o*erloa$s, rn *apacity 'e"elin! in t)e %)an,e mo$e,
!' %)oosin, t)e %orrespon$in, !tton. 7irst of all, %)oose Capai!y 6eveling
8y #&rwar$ "he$uling an$ finall' %i7e-8a"e$ apai!y leveling wi!h&u!
pri&ri!y rule. 9)e 7a)i7u7 l&a$ s)ol$ !e 100J an$ re"ul! ?uan!i!ie"
s)ol$ n&! !e fi1e$. Save t)e reslt an$ "ele! a,ain.
/o %apa%it' o*erloa$s still o%%r on resor%e +9B;LLN1000N001M
-f so, w)en $o t)e *iolations o%%rMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
5.31Supply =e!w&r4 Planning S&lu!i&n"
*ni!+ Supply =e!w&r4 Planning
1B1 SAP APO men pat): Supply =e!w&r4 Planning Planning <n!era!ive Supply
=e!w&r4 Planning
1B1B1
1B1B2
1B1B3 Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements &e' fi,re: Planne$ in$epen$en!
re?uire7en!" are $i"playe$ in !he 4ey #igure @/&rea"!A.
1B2
1B2B1 8m!er of planne$ lo%ation pro$%ts: 4 l&a!i&n pr&$u!" were planne$+
Pr&$u4! %-/200 in l&a!i&n" 10001 23001 2400 an$ 2500.
1B2B2 Re%eipt elements %reate$M >e"1 reeip! ele7en!" were rea!e$1 !he"e 8eing
@'i"!ri8u!i&n reeip!" :planne$;A.
+)i%) plants $eli*er t)e re%eiptsM %he reeip!" are $elivere$ #r&7
pr&$u!i&n plan!" 1000 an$ 2300.
1B3
1B3B1 A*aila!le %apa%it' an$ %apa%it' %onsmption $ispla'e$M >e"1 8&!h availa8le
apai!y an$ apai!y &n"u7p!i&n are $i"playe$.
Capa%it' o*erloa$sM Barie". ," a rule1 apai!y &verl&a$" &ur a! !he
8eginning &# !he S=P planning peri&$.
1B3B2 7rt)er %apa%it' o*erloa$sM Barie". ," a rule1 n& #ur!her &verl&a$" &ur.
-f 'es, w)en $o %apa%it' *iolations o%%rM <! varie".
6
SAP AG 2003
Material +e&uire"ents Planning (SAP +34 M+P*
Consu"ption:0ased Planning and Materials +e&uire"ents
Planning
Multilevel +e&uire"ents Planning
<nternal and 7$ternal Procure"ent
Scheduling and 0)M 7$plosion
M+P 7valuations
M+P and Capacity Planning
Contents,
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
6.2
SAP AG 2003
/escribe the !unctions o! SAP +34 Material
+e&uire"ents Planning
7$ecute and evaluate "ultilevel re&uire"ents
planning
7$plain scheduling !or in:house production and
e$ternal procure"ent
7$plain the connection bet#een M+P and Capacity
Planning
Material +e&uire"ents Planning, 5nit )b'ectives
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
6.3
SAP AG 2003
Course )vervie# /iagra" (C*
/e"and Planning
Course )vervie#
Planning
/e"and
Manage"ent
Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
6.4
SAP AG 2003
Material +e&uire"ents Planning )vervie#
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
2le$ible Planning
/e"and Planning
(/P*
Standard S)P
Sales
C<2
Pro"ise (A%P*
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Planning (M+P*
/e"and Manage"ent
Capacity +e&uire"ents
Planning (C+P*
SAP R/3 Material ReDirements Plannin, ?MRPA %an !e e1e%te$ as %onsmptionB!ase$ plannin, or as
material reDirements plannin,.
MRP ta&es pla%e !ase$ on in$epen$ent reDirements for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t ?or for an assem!l'A: 9)e
in$epen$ent reDirements are %reate$ as planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements or sales or$ers ?%stomer
in$epen$ent reDirementsA in $eman$ mana,ement, t)at is, in sales an$ $istri!tion an$ are in%l$e$ in
MRP.
-n mltile*el reDirements plannin,, t)e entire .OM str%tre is planne$ sin, @$epen$ent
reDirements@ t)at are !ase$ on in$epen$ent reDirements. -n t)is wa', material a*aila!ilit' in
mltile*el pro$%tion is ensre$.
Capa%it' plannin, %an follow on from MRP ?w)i%) in SAP R/3, ta&es pla%e !ase$ on infinite %apa%itiesA
as an a$$itional step.
-t is also possi!le to transfer S8P planne$ or$ers from SAP APO to SAP R/3. A MRP is t)en e1e%te$
for t)e assem!lies an$ %omponents of t)ese planne$ or$ers in SAP R/3.
7or PP//S planne$ or pro$%tion or$ers a MRP also ta&es pla%e in SAP R/3 for t)ose %omponents, t)at
are not planne$ in SAP APO.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5
6.5
SAP AG 2003
M+P Procedures
0o" s&ould : plan material requirements in SAP R/34
Material "aster
M+P.
M+P %ype
Material
+e&uire"ents
Planning
P/
2urther control via
re&uire"ents strategies
(M+P4*
+eorder:Point Planning @0
+onsumption*2ased Planning
0ased on independent
re&uire"ents
2orecast:0ased Planning @@
%i"e:Phased Planning +.
...
...
0ased on consu"ption in the
past
...
9)e !asi% plannin, t'pe is $efine$ per material sin, t)e MRP t'pe, t)at is entere$ in t)e MRP 1 *iew of
t)e material master. Plannin, of a material %an !e MRP or %onsmptionB!ase$. A material %an also !e
e1%l$e$ from MRP sin, t)e %orrespon$in, MRP t'pe.
Material reDirements plannin, ta&es %rrent an$ ftre sales as its referen%e point an$ is e1e%te$ for
t)e w)ole .OM str%tre. 9)e planne$ reDirements Dantit' ?in t)e form of planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements or sales or$ersA tri,,ers reDirements %al%lation.
ConsmptionB!ase$ plannin, is !ase$ on %onsmption *ales in t)e past an$ ses fore%ast or statisti%al
pro%e$res to $etermine ftre reDirements. ConsmptionB!ase$ plannin, is %)ara%teri6e$ !' its
simpli%it' an$ is mainl' se$ for @. an$ C parts@, or in ot)er wor$s, t)ose wit) low *ales.
-f MRP for a material ta&es pla%e in SAP APO, 'o nee$ to $efine t)e SAP R/3 MRP t'pe, so t)at t)e
material $oesnIt ta&e part in t)e plannin, in SAP R/3.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 "
6.6
SAP AG 2003
Consu"ption:0ased Planning
?sing reorder point planning as an example
Stock -ot Si9e
%i"e
+eorder point /elivery ti"e:spot
+eplenish"ent
lead ti"e
+eorder
stock
Sa!ety
stock
Manal reor$er point plannin, is a t'pi%al pro%ess in %onsmptionB!ase$ plannin,. -t is %)ara%teri6e$ !'
its simpli%it'.
Go %ontrol t)e plannin, sin, a manall' entere$ reor$er point ?for e1ample, "0 pie%esA. /rin, t)e
plannin, rn, t)e s'stem %)e%&s onl' w)et)er sto%& )as fallen !elow t)is reor$er point or not ?t)at is,
w)et)er t)ere are less t)an "0 pie%es in sto%&A. -f t)at is t)e %ase, t)e s'stem tri,,ers pro%rement to t)e
amont of t)e lot si6e ?a fi1e$ lot si6e of "00 pie%es for e1ampleA.
-f s%)e$le lines are %reate$ $ire%tl' !' t)e plannin, rn, for e1ample, for materials pro%re$ e1ternall',
t)e a$ministrati*e wor& for t)is sort of plannin, is minimal.
Reor$er point plannin, is appropriate onl' for materials wit) $eman$ t)at sta's relati*el' %onsistent.
RealBtime in*entor' mana,ement is also ne%essar'.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 #
6.7
SAP AG 2003
et +e&uire"ents Calculation
in $aterial Requirements Planning
2ir"ed planned orders
2ir"ed purchase
re&uisitions
Procure"ent proposal
lot:si9e
Stock
Material
shortage
Sa!ety stock
+e&"ts
(Sales orders6
planned independent
re&uire"ents6
secondary
re&uire"ents6
reservations6 and so
on*
2ir"ed receipts
Purchase orders6 !or e$a"ple
=ithin the
rescheduling
hori9on
-n MRP, a net reDirements %al%lation is also e1e%te$ in t)e plannin, rn to $etermine w)et)er a
material s)orta,e e1ists for a %ertain material. -n a$$ition, sto%& an$ fi1e$ re%eipts t)at %rrentl' e1ist
?pr%)ase or$ers, pro$%tion or$ers, fi1e$ pr%)ase reDisitions an$ planne$ or$ers...A are %ompare$
wit) t)e safet' sto%& an$ reDirements. 9)e reslt of t)is %omparison is t)e Dantit' a*aila!le for
plannin,.
-f t)e Dantit' a*aila!le for plannin, is lower t)an 6ero, a material s)orta,e e1ists. MRP rea%ts to
material s)orta,es !' %reatin, new pro%rement proposals, t)at is, !' %reatin, pr%)ase reDisitions or
planne$ or$ers, in$epen$entl' of t)eir pro%rement t'pe. 9)e s,,este$ pro%rement Dantit' reslts
from t)e lotBsi6in, pro%e$re, t)at is set in t)e material master.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 E
6.8
SAP AG 2003
Procure"ent %ypes
Subcontracting
40
Stock trans!er
!ro" o#n plant
40
Material "aster
M+P 2
Procure"ent type ...
Special procure"ent ...
<n:house production 7
7$ternal procure"ent 2
0oth procure"ent types F
<n:house production 7$ternal procure"ent
S
Production in o#n
plant
Production in
another plant
H0
Furt&er determination of procurement tpes
%ia special procurement tpes (needs to be
defined in +ustomi>ing)
9)e pro%rement t'pe $efines w)et)er a material is pro$%e$ inB)ose or w)et)er it is pro%re$
e1ternall'.
9)e pro%rement t'pe is pre$efine$ !' t)e material t'pe in Cstomi6in, for t)e Material Master an$ is
$efine$ in t)e material master re%or$ ?MRP $ata s%reen 1, pro%rement t'pe fiel$A.
-f t)e pro%rement t'pe allows !ot) inB)ose pro$%tion an$ e1ternal pro%rement, t)e s'stem alwa's
ses inB)ose pro$%tion.
A $ifferent t'pe of pro%rement to inB)ose pro$%tion or e1ternal pro%rement %an !e set sin, t)e
spe%ial pro%rement &e' in t)e material master. Spe%ial pro%rement t'pes are $efine$ in Cstomi6in,
?Cstomi6in, step Define special procurement typeAC Spe%ial pro%rement t'pes are t)s assi,ne$ a
pro%rement t'pe, $efinin, t)e pro%rement t'pe more pre%isel'.
-n t)is nit, we will %on%entrate on inB)ose pro$%tion.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 F
6.9
SAP AG 2003
M+P +un
Planning
%otal planning
)nline
As background 'ob
<nd. planning Multilevel
Single:level
<nteractive
Planning o! all "aterials
o! one or several plants
Planning o! a "aterialKs
0)M
Planning o! a "aterial <nd. planning
<nd. planning
<nteractive single:level
planning
Go %an %arr' ot t)e plannin, rn on two le*els: as total plannin, for a plant or for an in$i*i$al
material. -t is t)s possi!le to e1e%te a total plannin, rn for se*eral plants an$/or MRP areas.
Go %an e1e%te a sin,leBitem plannin, rn eit)er for a spe%ifi% material onl' ?sin,le le*elA or for all
.OM le*els ?mlti le*elA. -ntera%ti*e plannin, of a material is also possi!le.
A total plannin, rn %an !e e1e%te$ online or as a !a%&,ron$ >o!.
9otal plannin, for a plant en%ompasses all materials rele*ant to MRP for t)is plant an$ in%l$es t)e
.OM e1plosion for materials wit) .OMs.
7rom t)e MRP men, 'o %an e1e%te total plannin, @Online@ or @As !a%&,ron$ >o!@. -n or$er to
e1e%te t)e total plannin, rn as a !a%&,ron$ >o!, 'o sele%t a report *ariant limitin, it to t)e
%orrespon$in, plant an$ plan t)e >o!.
A ser e1it ena!les 'o to limit t)e total plannin, rn spe%ifi%all' to t)ose materials w)i%) flfill freel'
$efina!le %riteria. Go %an se t)is, for e1ample, to sele%t all t)e materials !elon,in, to a parti%lar MRP
%ontroller.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 4
6.10
SAP AG 2003
Scope o! the Planning +un
Processing key
75P- Regenerati%e planning
Planning o! all M+P:relevant "aterials
Processing key 7%C; !et c&ange for total &ori>on
Planning all "aterials #hich have undergone
a change relevant to the planning run
Processing key 7%P-
!et c&ange for planning
&ori>on
Planning all "aterials !or #hich M+P:relevant changes
have been "ade in the planning hori9on
Planning #ithin the planning hori9on only
/rin, re,enerati*e plannin,, t)e s'stem plans all materials of a plant. 9)is is pra%ti%al w)en %arr'in,
ot t)e plannin, rn for t)e first time an$ on rare o%%asions w)en, $e to te%)ni%al errors, t)e
%onsisten%' of t)e $ata %annot !e ,arantee$.
-n a wor&in, plant, it sall' ma&es sense ?espe%iall' w)en 'o are sin, man' materialsA to onl' %arr'
ot MRP for t)ose materials t)at )a*e n$er,one MRPBrele*ant %)an,es ?t)ro,) ,oo$s isses, new
sales or$ers, %)an,es to t)e .OM strs%tre, for e1ampleA. /e to its s)ort rnBtime, net %)an,e
plannin, B w)i%) is se$ to plan t)ese materials onl' B ena!les 'o to %arr' ot t)e plannin, rn in s)ort
time inter*als, so t)at 'o %an alwa's wor& wit) t)e %rrent plannin, reslt.
/rin, net %)an,e plannin, in t)e plannin, )ori6on, t)e s'stem onl' ta&es %)an,es wit)in t)e plannin,
)ori6on into a%%ont. 9)e s'stem plans onl' t)ose materials t)at )a*e !een s!>e%t to an MRPB%)an,e
wit)in t)e plannin, )ori6on. 9)e materials are planne$ wit)in t)is )ori6on onl'.
Go set t)e plannin, )ori6on in Cstomi6in, for MRP as a plant or MRP ,rop parameter. 9)e plannin,
)ori6on s)ol$ at least span t)e time perio$ in w)i%) sales or$ers are re%ei*e$, an$, frt)ermore, %ontain
t)e $eli*er' an$ total lea$ times for t)e material.
Go spe%if' t)e t'pe of plannin, rn *ia t)e @pro%essin, &e'@ fiel$ in t)e initial s%reen for plannin,. -n
sin,leBitem plannin,, 'o are onl' a!le to $ifferentiate w)et)er @net %)an,e plannin,@ ?8E9C:A or @net
%)an,e plannin, in t)e plannin, )ori6on@ ?8E9P;A is to !e performe$. -n total plannin,, 'o also )a*e
t)e option of sin, t)e &e' 8E0P;, wit) w)i%) all materials in t)e plannin, file are planne$.
6.11
SAP AG 2003
Control Para"eters !or M+P
Processing key
75P-
7%C;
7%P-
Create purch. re&uisition
.
2
4
in t&e opening period for
planned orders
Schedule lines
.
2
4
in t&e opening period for
planned orders
Create M+P list
.
2
4
onl for exception messages
ne%er
Planning "ode
.
2
4
!e" 2O$ and routing
Delete planning data
Ad;ust data
M+P Group
al"as
9)e followin, %ontrol parameters for MRP are reDire$ for t)e plannin, rn:
Pro%essin, &e': Go $efine t)e plannin, t'pe as re,enerati*e plannin, or net %)an,e plannin, o*er t)e
w)ole perio$ or restri%te$ to t)e plannin, )ori6on.
9)e in$i%ators @Create pr%)ase reDisition@ an$ @S%)e$le lines@ are onl' rele*ant for materals t)at are
pro%re$ e1ternall'. Go %an $etermine w)et)er or in w)i%) perio$ pr%)ase reDisitions an$ s%)e$le
lines are reDire$ as t)e reslt of t)e plannin, rn.
Go %an $etermine frt)er w)et)er t)e plannin, rn is to ,enerate MRP lists. -t is also possi!le to )a*e
t)e s'stem ,enerate MRP lists onl' w)en %ertain e1%eption messa,es )a*e appeare$ for a material ?t)e
e1%eption messa,es t)at s)ol$ tri,,er an MRP list to !e ,enerate$ %an !e $efine$ in t)e Cstomi6in,
-M( a%ti*it' @/efine an$ ,rop e1%eption messa,es@A.
9)e plannin, mo$e $efines w)et)er t)e e1istin, plannin, $ata s)ol$ simpl' !e a$>ste$, w)et)er
.OMs an$ rotin,s s)ol$ also !e reBe1plo$e$ or w)et)er t)e plannin, s)ol$ !e starte$ from t)e *er'
!e,innin, a,ain.
Go %an also set t)e %reation in$i%ator for pr%)ase reDisitions, s%)e$le lines an$ MRP lists in t)e
MRP ,rop. 9)e materials t)at are assi,ne$ to t)is MRP ,rop are t)en planne$ a%%or$in,l' in t)e total
plannin, rn.
6.12
SAP AG 2003
Material +e&uire"ents Planning, +esults
<n:house
production
Convert
Planned order
Production
order
Process order
M+P
$aterial A
Directl possible for
externall procured
materials onl
Purchase
re&uisition
Schedule
lines
Purchase order
-f MRP $is%o*ers s)orta,e Dantities, pro%rement proposals are ,enerate$: pr%)ase reDisitions an$
planne$ or$ers are internal plannin, elements w)i%) %an !e %)an,e$, res%)e$le$ or $elete$ at an' time.
-n t)e %ase of inB)ose pro$%tion, t)e s'stem %reates planne$ or$ers for t)e plannin, of pro$%tion
Dantities. +)en plannin, is %omplete, plannne$ or$ers %an !e %on*erte$ into pro$%tion or$ers.
-n t)e %ase of e1ternal pro%rement, t)e s'stem %reates eit)er a planne$ or$er, or $ire%tl' %reates a
pr%)ase reDisition, or a s%)e$le line for a preBe1istin, s%)e$lin, a,reement for plannin, t)e e1ternal
pr%)ase or$er Dantit'. +)en plannin, is %omplete, planne$ or$ers %an !e %on*erte$ into pr%)ase
reDisitions an$, at a later $ate, t)e pr%)ase reDisitions %an !e %on*erte$ into pr%)ase or$ers.
Go %ontrol w)et)er t)e s'stem imme$iatel' %reates pr%)ase reDisitions or firstl' %reates planne$
or$ers for e1ternall' pro%re$ materials in t)e initial s%reen of t)e plannin, rn sin, t)e @%reation@
in$i%ator for pr%)ase reDisitions.
-f a s%)e$lin, a,reement e1ists for a material an$ is rele*ant to MRP in t)e sor%e list, t)en 'o %an
also %reate s%)e$le lines $ire%tl' in MRP. Go %ontrol t)is sin, t)e %reation in$i%ator for s%)e$le
lines in t)e initial s%reen of t)e plannin, rn.
6.13
SAP AG 2003
Multilevel Material +e&uire"ents Planning
Purch. re&uis.
M+P
+omponent '
Planned order
/ep.re&.
...
Planned )rder
M+P
Assembl ,
/ep.re&.
M+P
Assembl '
/ep.re&.
M+P
Finis&ed Product
Sales )rder6
2Cre&.
Single:ite"6
"ultilevel
planning
Single:ite"6
single:level
planning
MRP %an !e e1e%te$ as total plannin, for all materials or as in$i*i$al plannin,.
9)e tas& of in$i*i$al plannin, is to plan a material separatel' ?for e1ample, intera%ti*el'A, w)ereas
mltile*el in$i*i$al plannin, ta&es pla%e o*er all .OM le*els of t)is material. -n sin,leBle*el plannin,
it is onl' t)e )ea$er material t)at is planne$. -n mltile*el plannin,, $epen$ent reDirements are t)s
also planne$.
Se%on$ar' reDirements t)at arise from t)e plannin, of a finis)e$ pro$%tIs .OM %omponents, are set
*ia se%on$ar' reDirements, t)at arise from t)e e1plosion of a materialIs .OM. /epen$ent reDirements
$epen$ on respe%ti*e planne$ or$ers. Materials ?assem!liesA are nee$e$ to reali6e t)ese planne$ or$ers.
-f a planne$ or$er is %on*erte$ into a pro$%tion or$er, t)e $epen$ent reDirements are transferre$ to
or$er reser*ations.
6.14
SAP AG 2003
Mutilevel 0ack#ard Scheduling
%i"e
+e&"ts date
2inished
product
Finis&ed product
Assembl '
Assembl ,
+omponent '
%oday
Planned order
MRP ses !a%&war$ s%)e$lin, B t)e s'stem %al%lates t)e ne%essar' start $ates !ase$ on a pre$efine$
en$ $ate.
MRP rea%ts to t)e reDirements nee$e$ for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t ?a sales or$er, for e1ampleA Pro%rement
proposals are %reate$ for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t an$ $epen$ent reDirements for t)e %omponents are
%al%late$ *ia t)e .OM e1plosion. 9)e $epen$ent reDirements $ate arises from t)e start $ate of t)e
planne$ or$er t)at %ase$ t)e reDirements.
MRP rea%ts to t)e reDirements nee$e$ for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t ?a sales or$er, for e1ampleA Pro%rement
proposals are %reate$ for t)e finis)e$ pro$%t an$ $epen$ent reDirements for t)e %omponents are
%al%late$ *ia t)e .OM e1plosion. 9)e $epen$ent reDirements $ate arises from t)e start $ate of t)e
planne$ or$er t)at %ase$ t)e reDirements.
6.15
SAP AG 2003
0ack#ard Scheduling !or <n:;ouse Production
%i"e
Planned order
Goods receipt
processing ti"e
<n:house prod. ti"e
)pening period
Availability
date
)rder start
date
)rder !inish
date
)pening
date
+it) materials planne$ sin, MRP, ftre reDirements $ates are &nown. .a%&war$ s%)e$lin, is se$
for t)ese materials.
+it) !a%&war$ s%)e$lin,, t)e s'stem $etermines t)e or$er finis) $ate !' %al%latin, t)e ,oo$s re%eipt
pro%essin, time !a%&war$s from t)e reDirements $ate. 9)is spe%ifies t)e nm!er of wor&$a's t)at are
reDire$ after t)e re%eipt of t)e ,oo$s for %)e%&in, t)e material an$ pla%in, it in stora,e. Go $efine t)is
in t)e MRP $ata 2 s%reen of t)e material master.
9)e s'stem %al%lates startin, from t)e or$er finis) $ate !a%&war$s !' t)e inB)ose pro$%tion time to
$etermine t)e or$er start $ate. 9)e inB)ose pro$%tion time %omprises t)e lea$ time an$ floats. Go %an
maintain t)e inB)ose pro$%tion time eit)er in t)e material master as a *ale in$epen$ent of t)e lot si6e
or as a *ale $epen$ent on t)e lot ?wor& s%)e$lin,A.
+it) t)e inB)ose pro$%tion time in$epen$ent of t)e lot, t)e s'stem $etermines t)e !asi% $ates
in$epen$ent of t)e or$er Dantit'. +it) inB)ose pro$%tion time $epen$ent on t)e lot, t)e s'stem
$etermines t)e time $epen$in, on t)e or$er lot si6e. Setp time an$ Dee time, t)at are in%l$e$ in t)e
inB)ose pro$%tion time, are in$epen$ent of t)e lot.
9)e openin, perio$ is t)en s!tra%te$ from t)e or$er start $ate. 9)is %al%lates t)e openin, $ate.
9)e openin, perio$ refle%ts t)e pro%essin, time t)at t)e MRP %ontroller reDires to %on*ert planne$
or$ers. 9)e openin, time is $efine$ as a float of t)e s%)e$lin, mar,in &e'.
6.16
SAP AG 2003
2or#ard Scheduling !or <n:;ouse Production
0appens automaticall< if order start date is in t&e past during
bac#"ard sc&eduling
%i"e
Planned order
Goods receipt
processing ti"e
<n:house prod. ti"e
Availability
date
)rder !inish
date
%oday
)rder start
date
-f $rin, !a%&war$ s%)e$lin, of materials planne$ sin, MRP, t)e s'stem $etermines an or$er start
$ate t)at is in t)e past, t)e s'stem atomati%all' swit%)es to forwar$ s%)e$lin,.
+it) forwar$ s%)e$lin,, t)e s'stem sets t)e %rrent $ate as t)e or$er start $ate. 9)e inB)ose
pro$%tion time is a$$e$ to t)e %rrent $ate, w)i%) in trn $etermines t)e or$er finis) $ate. 9)e ,oo$s
re%eipt pro%essin, time is a$$e$ to t)e or$er finis) $ate in or$er to $etermine t)e a*aila!ilit' $ate.
-n Cstomi6in, for MRP, in t)e -M( a%ti*it' @Parameters for $eterminin, t)e !asi% $ates@, 'o %an
$efine for ea%) plant t)at t)e s'stem is not to atomati%all' swit%) to forwar$ s%)e$lin, w)en
$eterminin, t)e !asi% $ates if t)e or$er start $ate is in t)e past. -f t)e in$i%ator is set, !a%&war$
s%)e$lin, is alwa's se$ to $etermine t)e !asi% $ates e*en if t)e start $ate is in t)e past.
6.17
SAP AG 2003
Scheduling !or 7$ternal Procure"ent
<n:house prod. ti"e
Planned delivery
ti"e
Processing ti"e
!or purchasing
/elivery date +elease date
... ...
)rder start
date
)rder !inish
date
%i"e
S%)e$lin, for e1ternall'Bpro%re$ materials ta&es pla%e at t)e same time as for materials t)at are
pro$%e$ inB)ose: 9)e element inB)ose pro$%tion time is repla%e$ wit) t)e sm of pr%)asin,
$epartment pro%essin, time an$ planne$ $eli*er' time.
Go $efine t)e pr%)asin, $epartment pro%essin, time in Cstomi6in, as a plant parameter in wor&$a's.
9)e planne$ $eli*er' time is in %alen$ar $a's. -t %an !e $etermine$ on a nonB*en$orBspe%ifi% or *en$orB
spe%ifi% !asis.
Go maintain t)e nonB*en$orBspe%ifi% planne$ $eli*er' time in t)e material master ?*iew @MRP 2@A.
Go enter a *en$orBspe%ifi% planne$ $eli*er' time in t)e pr%)asin, info re%or$ or in t)e otline
a,reement. -t is se$ in t)e plannin, rn, if t)e in$i%ator @S%)e$lin, info re%or$/a,reement@ in
Cstomi6in, is maintaine$ as a plant parameter or MRP ,rop parameter an$ if, in t)e area of atomati%
sor%e $etermination, an in$i*i$al *en$or %an !e assi,ne$.
6.18
SAP AG 2003
Stock3+e&uire"ents -ist and M+P -ist
M
a
t
e
r
i
a
l

t
r
e
e
M+P
ele"ents
7le"ents
/ariable &eader
General structure Current
stock3re&"ts.list
Planned orders
Purch. re&uisitions
Production orders
Purchase orders
...
Plant stock3
Storage location stock
Sales orders
Plnd. ind. re&uire"ents
...
Current
M+P list
Planning
run
9)e %rrent sto%& / reDirements list %ontains pBtoB$ate information on t)e %rrent stats of sto%&s,
reDirements an$ re%eipts. Go are a!le to *iew an' %)an,es imme$iatel'. 9)is %an !e $one as soon as
t)e %rrent sto%& / reDirements list is %alle$ p or, pon $ispla'in, t)e %rrent
sto%& / reDirements list, t)e elements are reBrea$ from t)e $ata!ase sin, t)e @Refres)@ fn%tion.
9)e MRP list $epi%ts t)e reslt of t)e latest plannin, rn an$ is t)erefore stati%: C)an,es t)at are ma$e
after t)e plannin, rn %annot !e seen. Go %an %ontrol w)et)er or not an MRP list is ,enerate$ $rin,
t)e plannin, rn.
9)e !asi% str%tre of !ot) lists is t)e same:
;in&s are in t)e form of a tree for t)e wor&list of t)e MRP %ontroller.
A!o*e t)e list is t)e )ea$er wit) t)e material nm!er. Go %an $ispla' a$$itional $ata in t)e )ea$er
$etails.
9)e list itself %ontains t)e in$i*i$al MRP elements an$ t)e %orrespon$in, a*aila!le Dantities.
0serBspe%ifi% settin,s ena!le 'o to a$apt t)e lists to personal reDirements B t)ese appl' to !ot) lists
?see t)e %orrespon$in, Cstomi6in, $o%mentation in t)e e*alations for MRP @Confi,re MRP list /
sto%&/reDirements list@A. Go %an $ispla' a$$itional $ata, w)i%) %an t)en !e a%%esse$ sin, a fn%tion
&e', o*er a %stomer e1it ?see Cstomi6in,, @CstomerBE1it: Pro,ram a$$itional %olmns@A
6.19
SAP AG 2003
2unctions o! the Current Stock3+e&uire"ents -ist
;eader data
Material "aster data
Stocks
Consu"ption values
?ser*specific
Actions !or M+P
ele"ents
/isplay
Change
Convert
Pegged re&uire"ents
...
)rder +eport
(o to
Capacity
check
Receipts
Re5(ts
Daria)le $eader
Planning seg(ents
Processing
Material "e"o
Search
Stock statistics
...
?ser*specific
/isplay
Period totals
+e&"ts grouping
@ariable date display
user*specific
9)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list, li&e t)e MRP list offers se*eral $ispla' options: Go %an $ispla'
$ifferent $ates ?t)e a*aila!ilit' $ate or t)e ,oo$s re%eipt $ate, wit)/wit)ot safet' timeA. Go %an wor&
wit) $ispla' filters an$ sele%tion rles, 'o %an wor& in t)e perio$ totals $ispla' an$ so on. Go %an
$efine t)e $ispla' a%%or$in,l' in 'or personal settin,s.
@Perio$ totals@ is a $ispla' fn%tion in t)e MRP list an$ sto%&/reDirements list e*alations w)i%) ,rops
t)e plannin, reslts into perio$i% !%&ets ?for e1ample, wee&l' or mont)l' !%&etsA. -n t)e Cstomi6in,
-M( a%ti*it' @/efine perio$ $ispla' for perio$ totals@, 'o $efine w)i%) perio$s are to !e $epi%te$ w)en
'o $ispla' t)e perio$ totals. 9)e perio$s sele%te$ )ere are $ispla'e$ on *arios ta! pa,es in t)e perio$
totals $ispla'.
Go %an anal'6e t)e %apa%it' sitation from t)e sto%&/reDirements list. 7or t)is, t)e s'stem $ispla's t)e
a*aila!le %apa%it', an$ t)e total %apa%it' reDirements of t)is material are $ispla'e$ for ea%) wor& %enter
an$ %apa%it' %ate,or'. O*erloa$ sitations are )i,)li,)te$ in %olor. Go s)ol$ note t)at planne$ or$ers
t)at )a*e not !een s%)e$le$ sin, $etaile$ s%)e$lin, $o not %reate %apa%it' reDirements.
9)e fn%tions in t)e MRP list are, for e1ample, t)ose relate$ to t)e pro%essin, of MRP elements or are
$ispla' options. 9o a lar,e e1tent, t)ese fn%tions are i$enti%al to t)ose in t)e sto%&/reDirements list.
Sele%tion rles, )owe*er, are onl' se$ in t)e sto%&/reDirements list. -n %ontrast to t)e
sto%&/reDirements list, 'o %an set a pro%essin, in$i%ator for t)e MRP list. 9)is in$i%ator ser*es to
)i,)li,)t lists t)at )a*e alrea$' !een pro%esse$ ?t)at is, mana,e$A !' t)e MRP %ontroller.
6.20
SAP AG 2003
Special 2unctions, 2ilter and avigation Pro!ile
avigation pro!ile -ist
/isplay :
!ilter
M+P list
Current
stock3re&"ts.list
M+P list
Current
stock3re&"ts.list
%ransaction calls ...
Conte$t:
sensitive
Go %an inflen%e t)e $ispla' in t)e lists sin, filters. Go $efine if sele%tion rles an$ $ispla' filters are
to !e se$ w)en a%%essin, t)e list. 9)is is $one !' %)oosin, t)e in$i%ator @+it) filter@ in t)e initial
s%reen, or in t)e list itself !' %)oosin, t)e i%on @7ilter on@, or in t)e serBspe%ifi% settin,s.
9)ere are two t'pes of filters, t)e $ispla' filters an$ sele%tion rles. Sele%tion rles appl' to t)e
sto%&/reDirements list onl'. Go $efine w)i%) MRP elements are $ispla'e$ an$ w)i%) of t)ese elements
are se$ in t)e %al%lation of t)e a*aila!le Dantit'. 9)e' ena!le t)e anal'sis in t)e sto%&/reDirements
list of *arios plannin, sitations t)at are $ifferent wit) re,ar$ to t)e MRP elements t)at are ta&en into
a%%ont. Sele%tion rles )a*e no inflen%e on t)e %al%lation of reDirementsS Go $efine t)ese in t)e
Cstomi6in, -M( a%ti*it' @/efine sele%tion rles@.
/ispla' filters are se$ in t)e sto%&/reDirements list an$ in t)e MRP list. /ispla' filters )a*e no
inflen%e on t)e MRP elements t)at are se$ in t)e %al%lation of t)e a*aila!le Dantit'. Go $efine
$ispla' filters in t)e Cstomi6in, -M( a%ti*it' @/efine $ispla' filter@.
A na*i,ation profile %ontains transa%tion %alls for transa%tions t)at are a%%esse$ $ire%tl' from t)e
sto%&/reDirements list or t)e MRP list. 9)e transa%tions are eit)er ,eneral, ?meanin, a%tions at material
le*elA, or t)e' refer to a parti%lar MRP element. Onl' t)e transa%tion %alls t)at are *ali$ in t)e %rrent
%onte1t are $ispla'e$.
6.21
SAP AG 2003
Personal Settings
for t&e current stoc#/reqmts list and t&e $RP list
Settings !or user %7MP-A%7
/isplay
;eader details
)vervie# tree
<ndividual seg"ents
+e&uire"ents
grouping
/ate
+e&"ts3avail.date
Sa!ety ti"e
Co"plete
replenish"ent lead
ti"e
General settings
5nit o! "easure
Checking rule
avigation pro!ile
0uckets
Single line : display
Period totals display
2ilter
Access #ith !ilter
/isplay !ilter
Selection rule
O )#n !avorites
9)e s%reen for t)e sto%&/reDirements list an$ t)e MRP list offers a nm!er of options t)at %an !e set on
a serBspe%ifi% !asis.
Gor personal settin,s ?as well as 'or @Own fa*orites@A $etermine t)e s%reen t)at appears w)en
a%%essin, t)e lists. 7rom t)e lists, 'o %an %)an,e t)e *arios serBspe%ifi% $efalt settin,s at an' time B
for e1ample, 'o %an s)ow or )i$e t)e o*er*iew tree.
6.22
SAP AG 2003
Collective Access o! M+P -ists
Materials overvie#
Select "aterials
5tilities,
%ra!!ic lights
Processing indicator
e# e$ceptions
Sort
Search
in t$e o2er2ie#
in indi2id&al lists
Processing
M+P list
M+P list
Selection according to,
M+P controller
Product group
+estrict !urther using,
M+P date
Processing date
+anges o! coverage
7$ception groups
Processing indicator
Material data
9)ere is a %olle%ti*e $ispla' for t)e sto%&/reDirements list as well as for t)e MRP list. -n t)is wa', t)e
sele%tion %riteria for MRP lists $iffer from t)ose of t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list. 7or e1ample, for
MRP lists, 'o )a*e t)e MRP $ate, t)e pro%essin, $ate or e*en t)e pro%essin, in$i%ator for t)e sele%tion.
7or !ot) list t'pes, 'o %an, for e1ample, $ispla' all lists for w)i%) 'o are responsi!le as MRP
%ontroller.
9)e s'stem t)en $ispla's a material o*er*iew wit) all t)e materials sele%te$. 9raffi% li,)ts ?'o %an
$efine t)e %riteria for t)e $ispla'A, *arios sear%) fn%tions in t)e o*er*iew an$ in t)e in$i*i$al lists
an$ sort fn%tions ?also for in$i*i$al %stomer se,ments !' $ate or nm!erA are a*aila!le as orientation
)elp. -t is also possi!le to se t)e sear%) fn%tion to sele%t materials !' %ertain e1%eption messa,es.
Go a%%ess t)e in$i*i$al lists from t)e o*er*iew an$ %an pro%ess t)e materials t)ere. -f, for e1ample,
'o )a*e sele%te$ se*eral lists for pro%essin, o*er t)e sear%) fn%tion, 'o %an >mp from one list
$ire%tl' into t)e ne1t list sele%te$.
6.23
SAP AG 2003
7$ception Messages
/ate 7le"ent 7M >uantity ...
..2.2004 Pl)rd I0 pc
0I
...
)pening date in the past
e#ly generated proc&re(ent proposal8
0ates in t$e past :start< !inis$ or opening date;8
Pro)le(s #it$ 0)M e$plosionB
Pro)le(s #it$ scheduling8
+escheduling situation8
Stock3re&uire"ents list : M+P list
Ad'ustable in Custo"i9ing,
Priority ("a$i"u" o! 2 e$ception "essages per ele"ent*
Assign"ent to e$ception groups (select in the M+P lists*
9)e MRP reslts are monitore$ wit) t)e )elp of e1%eption messa,es. E1%eption messa,es alert 'o to
sitations t)at reDire frt)er pro%essin, s%) as start $ate in t)e past, sto%&s fallin, !elow t)e safet'
le*el an$ so on. 0sin, e1%eption messa,es to )i,)li,)t plannin, sitations pro!lems, t)e MRP %ontroller
%an sele%t t)ose materials from t)e plannin, reslts t)at reDire a$$itional pro%essin,.
-n t)e Cstomi6in, -M( a%ti*it' @/efine an$ ,rop to,et)er e1%eption messa,es@, 'o %an spe%if' t)e
%)ara%teristi%s of t)e e1%eption messa,es.
-f t)ere are se*eral e1%eption messa,es t)at appl' for one MRP element, t)e priorit' t)at )as !een
assi,ne$ to t)ese messa,es $e%i$es w)i%) messa,es will !e $ispla'e$. 9)e s'stem $ispla's a ma1imm
of two e1%eption messa,es per MRP element.
+)ile not all e1%eption messa,es will !e $ispla'e$ in t)e sto%&/reDirements list, in t)e %ase of
s%)e$lin, pro!lems, t)e s'stem $ispla's !ot) a %orrespon$in, e1%eption messa,e in t)e
sto%&/reDirements list as well as in t)e MRP list. A res%)e$lin, proposal is also $ispla'e$. -f t)is
proposal is to !e a%%epte$, 'o mst a$>st t)e $ates for t)e re%eipt element manall'. 9)e atomati%
a$>stment of t)ese $ates is possi!le in t)e plannin, reslt $ispla' or e*alation ?for e1ample, in
intera%ti*e plannin, or w)en t)e in$i%ator @/ispla' reslt@ )as !een sele%te$ in t)e initial s%reen of t)e
plannin, rnA: 9)e res%)e$lin, proposal %an !e a%%epte$ )ere sin, t)e fn%tion @Res%)e$le or$er
proposal@.
6.24
SAP AG 2003
M+P #ith -ead:%i"e Scheduling
Sc&eduling ind5 @ ,< capacit requirements are calculated
)S )2
)perations (!ro" the routing*
2loat be!ore
production
Sa!ety ti"e
.0 40 20
)S
)2
Production
!inish date
Production
start date
.
2
)rder start
date
)rder !inish
date
Planned order
Go %an set lea$ time s%)e$lin, for t)e plannin, rn !' sin, t)e s%)e$lin, in$i%ator @2@ ?lea$ time
s%)e$lin, an$ %apa%it' plannin,A.
/rin, t)e plannin, rn wit) t)e s%)e$lin, in$i%ator 2, t)e or$er start an$ or$er finis) $ate are
$etermine$ for ea%) !asi% s%)e$lin,. 9)is is t)en followe$ !' lea$ time s%)e$lin,.
-n lea$ time s%)e$lin,, t)e pre%ise pro$%tion times ?t)at is, pro$%tion start an$ finis) $atesA are
$efine$ for material pro$%e$ inB)ose an$ at t)e same time t)e %apa%it' reDirements are %reate$. 9)e
materials sta,in, $ate for t)e %omponents is also $etermine$.
;ea$ time s%)e$lin, is %arrie$ ot sin, t)e times from t)e rotin,. 9)is ta&es pla%e as !a%&war$ or
forwar$ s%)e$lin, a%%or$in, to t)e settin, in t)e Cstomi6in, -M( a%ti*it' @/efine s%)e$lin,
parameters for planne$ or$ers@. 9)e followin, times are ta&en into a%%ont:
7loats ?float !efore an$ after pro$%tionA t)at are assi,ne$ to t)e material sin, t)e s%)e$lin, mar,in
&e',
-n$i*i$al times from t)e rotin,: Qee time, setp time, la!or an$ ma%)ine time.
-n !a%&war$ s%)e$lin,, t)e s'stem first %al%lates !a%& from t)e or$er finis) $ate to $etermine t)e float
after pro$%tion, w)i%) in trn %al%lates t)e pro$%tion finis) $ate. 9)e in$i*i$al operations of t)e
rotin, are s%)e$le$ !a%&war$ startin, from t)e pro$%tion finis) $ate. 9)e start $ate of t)e first
operation !e%omes t)e pro$%tion start $ate.
6.25
SAP AG 2003
M+P and Capacity Planning
Step '9 $RP
%akes place on the basis o!
Nin!inite capacitiesN
Capacity re&uire"ents are
created !or #ork centers
Step ,9 +apacit Planning
Availability o! capacities !or
production dates is checked
)perations are scheduled at
their #ork center
=ork center paint s&op
Occupied Occupied )p. 20
Capacity !ree6
scheduling
possible
)p. 40 )p. 20 )p. .0
Planned order
Finis&ed product
+e&"t
=hen should production take
placeB
%i"e
-n MRP, %apa%it' reDirements t)at reslt from planne$ or$ers %an !e %al%late$ sin, t)e rotin,. MRP
itself %reates t)e reDirements onl'. A %)e%& to ensre w)et)er a wor& %enter is still a*aila!le for t)e
respe%ti*e $ates $oes not ta&e pla%e first of all ?SAP R/3 MRPA.
-n a se%on$ step 'o s)ol$ %)e%& w)et)er plannin, %an !e reali6e$, w)et)er wor& %enters are a*aila!le
for t)e reDire$ $ates, t)erefore. 9)is ta&es pla%e in Capa%it' Plannin,.
As a rle, Capa%it' Plannin, is wor& %enterBrelate$. 9)e ,oal of Capa%it' Plannin, is to s%)e$le all
operations of planne$ an$ pro$%tion or$ers, so t)at t)e pro$%tion plan %an !e fille$.
6.26
SAP AG 2003
=ithin the !ra"e#ork o! Material +e&uire"ents
Planning6 "aterial availability should be ensured. <!
"aterial shortages e$ist6 the corresponding
procure"ent ele"ents are produced.
%he "aterials can be produced in:house or procured
e$ternally. Stock trans!ers !ro" other locations are
also possible.
2or "aterials that are produced in:house6 "ultilevel
re&uire"ents planning is e$ecuted. %he availability o!
the co"ponents that are needed !or production is
ensured via dependent re&uire"ents.
Material +e&uire"ents Planning, 5nit Su""ary (.*
6.27
SAP AG 2003
%he results o! Materials +e&uire"ents Planning can
be checked and evaluated using the current
stock3re&uire"ents list and the M+P list. A "ultitude
o! !unctions are available in both lists to process
M+P ele"ents.
Subse&uent to M+P6 capacity planning takes place.
%his ensures that the #ork centers re&uired !or
production are available.
Material +e&uire"ents Planning, 5nit Su""ary (2*
6.28Ma!erial -e?uire7en!" Planning ()eri"e"
*ni!+ Ma!erial -e?uire7en!" Planning
%&pi+ M-P -un
E1e%te MRP as sin,leBitem, mltile*el plannin,.
Pmps wit) t)e material nm!er RB71LL ?LL represents 'or
,rop nm!erA are pro$%e$ in plant 1000. /eman$ mana,ement
an$ material reDirements plannin, for t)ese pmps ta&es pla%e
in SAP R/3.
Go )a*e alrea$' %reate$ planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements an$
%stomer reDirements for t)is material. 9)ese reDirements
s)ol$ !e %o*ere$ !' MRP.
1+1 'irstl"< get an o2er2ie# o! t$e stoc/re5&ire(ents list !or t$e p&(p,
1B1B1 A%%ess t)e sto%&/reDirements list for 7a!erial %-/100 in plan! 1000.
ReDirements ?planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements an$ %stomer reDirementsA
an$ pro%rement elements s)ol$ alrea$' e1ist. Are 'o $ealin, wit) a
!alan%e$ sto%&/reDirements sitationM +)' ?notAM
1B1B2 20 pro$%e$ pmps enter t)e ware)ose from pro$%tion. Post a %orrespon$in,
,oo$s re%eipt. ?9o simplif' matters, 'o s)ol$ a*oi$ referrin, to t)e
pro$%tion or$er at t)is sta,eA.
7rom t)e in*entor' mana,ement men, %all p t)e transa%tion 9&&$" reeip!
&!her. -n t)e initial s%reen, enter t)e followin, $ata:
M&ve7en! !ype+ 501 ?(- re%eipt w/o POA
Plan!+ 1000
S!&rage l&a!i&n+ 0002
Confirm 'or entries sin, Enter an$ %reate t)e followin, ,oo$s re%eipt
element:
Ma!erial+ --/100
Kuan!i!y+ 20 p.
Confirm 'or entries sin, Enter an$ post t)e re%eipt.
1B1B3 A%%ess t)e sto%&/reDirements list for 7a!erial %-/100 in plan! 1000 a,ain ?or
refres) itA. +)at is t)e a*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e listM +)'M
1+2 Use %RP to deal #it$ t$e ne# stoc/re5&ire(ents sit&ation4 As "o& #ant to o)ser2e t$e
e!!ects on all (aterials in t$e 7-% str&ct&re< carr" o&t single+ite(< (&ltile2el planning,
1B2B1 Call p Single-i!e71 7ul!ilevel from t)e MRP men an$ enter t)e followin,
$ata in t)e initial s%reen:
Ma!erial+ --/100
Plan!+ 1000
Pr&e""ing 4ey+ =(%CF
Crea!e M-P li"! 1
Planning 7&$e 1
She$uling+ 1
,l"& plan unhange$ &7p&nen!"+ Sele!
.efore 'o start t)e plannin,, sa*e 'or settin,s ?*ia Se!!ing" SaveA.
Confirm wit) Enter.
Start MRP !' %)oosin, Enter twi%e.
1B2B2 Call p t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements sitation ?or refres) itA. +)at is t)e
a*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e list nowM
:as a sita!le planne$ or$er !een %reate$ for t)e $ate of t)e %stomer
reDirementM
1B2B3 7rom t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list %)an,e t)e planne$ &r$er wi!h !he
earlie"! $a!e ?sele%t it an$ %)oose t)e Change ele7en! i%onA. 9)e planne$
or$er as it appears on t)e s%reen %ontains no pro$%tion $ates ?ta! pa,e
J:ea$erKA. 7rom t)e planne$ or$er, 'o nee$ to t)s %)oose t)e fn%tion
Edit Schedulin!: 9)e rotin, is t)en rea$ an$ t)e pro$%tion $ates are
%al%late$ an$ a$$e$ to t)e planne$ or$er.
Retrn to t)e J:ea$erK ta! pa,e an$ #i) t)e or$er !' settin, t)e %orrespon$in,
in$i%ator. Save t)e or$er an$ re#re"h t)e %rrent sto%&/reDirements list.
:a$ 'o e1e%te$ t)e plannin, rn sin, s%)e$lin,
in$i%ator 2 ?lea$ time s%)e$lin,A, t)en t)e planne$ or$ers
wol$ )a*e alrea$' !een spplie$ wit) $etaile$ s%)e$lin,
$ata. Go )a*e >st e1pli%itl' %arrie$ ot t)is lea$ time
s%)e$lin, step for an or$er.
-s t)e planne$ or$er now $ispla'e$ $ifferentl' in t)e listM
1B2B5 9o finall' initiate pro$%tion, %on*ert t)e fi1e$ planne$ or$er from t)e list into
a pro$%tion or$er. 9o $o t)is %)oose Additional data for element an$ t)en
*on"ert planned order into production order. Sa"e t)e pro$%tion or$er,
retrn to t)e list an$ refresh it. 9)e pro$%tion or$er is t)en $ispla'e$.
Con*ertin, a planne$ or$er into a pro$%tion or$er is t)e last
step in t)e plannin, pro%ess of Sppl' C)ain Plannin,.
E1e%tion of t)e or$er ?Printin, of or$er $o%ments,
%onfirmations an$ so onA t)en follows.
()eri"e"
%&pi+ (valua!ing planning u"ing !he M-P li"!
E*alate t)e plannin, reslt sin, t)e MRP list
On%e 'o )a*e %arrie$ ot plannin, for pmp RB71LL an$ its
%omponents, e*alate t)e plannin, reslt sin, t)e %olle%ti*e
$ispla' of MRP lists.
2+1 Starting !ro( t$e %RP (en&< access t$e $RP list * +ollecti%e displa4
2B1B1 On t)e initial s%reen, sele%t t)e lists in plan! 1000 for M-P &n!r&ller 000
?lea*e t)e remainin, sele%tion win$ows empt'A. After %arr'in, ot t)e sele%tion
sin, Enter+ an o*er*iew of t)e materials t)at were sele%te$ appears.
:ow man' materials were sele%te$M
:a*e e1%eption messa,es o%%rs for some of t)ese materialsM
2B1B2 C)e%& t)e MRP for finis)e$ pro$%t --/100. Call p t)is list, !' $&u8le-
li4ing on t)e %orrespon$in, line in t)e material o*er*iew, for e1ample. /o
e1%eption messa,es e1ist for t)is materialM
+)at, for e1ample, $oes t)e last e1%eption messa,e $ispla'e$ in t)e list meanM
2B1B3 -n t)e pre%e$in, e1er%ise, 'o %on*erte$ t)e planne$ or$er wit) t)e earliest $ate
into a pro$%tion or$er. :owe*er, t)is pro$%tion or$er is not $ispla'e$ in t)e
MRP list. +)at is t)e reason for t)isM
2B1B5 E,pand t)e eader details for t)is MRP list. Pro%ee$ to t)e ta! pa,e
@S!&4".&verageA. :ow !i, is t)e $a'Ps sppl' for material RB71LLM
+)at time perio$ is spe%ifie$M
2+2 )ptional, EFit t$e collecti2e displa" o! %RP lists< and eFec&te single:ite"6 "ultilevel
planning !or "aterial +:2.TT in plant .000 and call &p t$e M+P list !or t$e p&(p again :in
indi2id&al displa"< or collecti2e displa" as a)o2e;4
2B2B1 -s t)e pro$%tion or$er $ispla'e$ nowM +)' ?notAM
2B2B2 E,pand t)e eader details for t)is MRP list again an$ pro%ee$ to t)e ta! pa,e
@S!&4".&verageA. :ow !i, is t)e first re%eipt $a'sPsppl' for material RB
71LLM
+)at time perio$ is spe%ifie$ )ereM :ow %an 'o e1plain t)e $ifferen%e to t)e
sto%& $a'Ps sppl'M
6.29Ma!erial -e?uire7en!" Planning S&lu!i&n"
%&pi+ M-P -un
1+1
S!&4.-e?uire7en!" 6i"!
.alan%e$ sto%&/reDirements listM =&1 !he "!&4.re?uire7en!" "i!ua!i&n i" n&!
8alane$. <n !&!al1 !he &rre! ?uan!i!ie" are pr&ure$1 pr&ure7en! #&r !he
"ale" &r$er :30 p.; &ur"1 8u!1 a" &riginally "he$ule$ in planne$
in$epen$en! re?uire7en!"1 righ! a! !he 8eginning &# !he 7&n!h an$ !hu"
!&& early.
1B1B2 SAP R/3 men pat): 'o!istics Materials Mana!ement #n"entory
Mana!ement -oods Mo"ement -oods )eceipt Other
1B1B3 A*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e list: ,! !he en$ &# !he li"! :an$ al"& #&r !he
in$ivi$ual $a!e" in !he li"!; 20 piee" are availa8le. %hi" i" !he re"ul! &# !he
g&&$" reeip!.
1+2
1B2B1 Men pat): 6&gi"!i" Pr&$u!i&n M-P Planning Single-<!e71
Mul!i-6evel
A*aila!le Dantit' at t)e en$ of t)e list: ,! !he en$ &# !he li"!1 5er& piee" are
availa8le1 !he "i!ua!i&n i" 8alane$.
Planne$ or$er for %stomer reDirement: >e"1 a planne$ &r$er wi!h
appr&pria!e $a!e" wa" rea!e$ #&r !he u"!&7er re?uire7en!.
1B2B3 Planne$ or$er $ispla'e$ $ifferentl'M >e"1 !he plan i" #i)e$1 an$ !hu" 7ar4e$
wi!h a "!ar.
S&lu!i&n"
%&pi+ (valua!ing planning u"ing !he M-P li"!
2+1 SAP R/3 (en& pat$, -ogistics Production M+P 7valuations Stock3+e&uire"ents
-ist
2+1+1 ?&()er o! (aterials selected, @aries. As a rule6 4C "aterials are selected.
E1%eption messa,es: Barie". ," a rule1 e)ep!i&n 7e""age" &ur.
2B1B2 E1%eption messa,es: Barie". ," a rule1 e)ep!i&n 7e""age" &ur #&r !hi"
7a!erial.
;ast e1%eption messa,e: Barie". ()ep!i&n 7e""age 01 appear" a" @newly
rea!e$A.
2B1B3 Pro$%tion or$er not $ispla'e$: %he pr&$u!i&n &r$er i" n&! ye! $i"playe$
8eau"e i! wa" rea!e$ a#!er !he la"! planning run. %he &n"e?uene i" !ha!
&nly !he re"ul! &# !he la"! planning an 8e "een.
2B1B5 Sto%& $a'sPsppl': Barie"1 #&r e)a7ple 28.3 :w&r4$ay";.
9ime perio$: %hi" "pei#ie" h&w l&ng !he re?uire7en!" an "!ill 8e &vere$
8y !he e)i"!ing "!&41 in !hi" e)a7ple 28 $ay". %he $ei7al plae" "h&w
wha! a7&un! &# !he re?uire7en!1 !ha! lea$" !& "h&r!age"1 an "!ill 8e
&vere$ :in !hi" e)a7ple1 30 peren!;.
2+2
2B2B1 Pro$%tion or$er now $ispla'e$M %he pr&$u!i&n &r$er i" n&w $i"playe$1
8eau"e i! ha" 8een a&un!e$ #&r in !he planning run.
2B2B2 1. Re%eipt $a'sPsppl': Barie"1 #&r e)a7ple 48.0 :w&r4$ay";.
9ime perio$: %hi" "pei#ie" h&w l&ng !he re?uire7en!" an "!ill 8e &vere$
8y e)i"!ing "!&4 an$ #i)e$ reeip!". %he pr&$u!i&n &r$er !hu" a&un!"
#&r !he $i##erene here.
7
SAP AG 2002
SAP AP) "aster data
Si"ultaneous &uantity and capacity re&uire"ents planning
Planning results in SAP AP) and e$ecution in SAP +34
)pti"i9ation
Contents,
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
7.2
SAP AG 2002
7$plain the !unctions and bene!its o! PP3/S
Speci!y #hich SAP AP) "aster data is used in PP3/S
7$plain si"ultaneous &uantity and capacity
re&uire"ents planning
/isplay and revie# planning results in SAP AP)
7$plain the procedure used to e$ecute planning
results
Production Planning and /etailed Scheduling, 5nit
)b'ectives
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
7.3
SAP AG 2002
)vervie# /iagra" (E*
/e"and Planning
Course )vervie#
Planning
/e"and
Manage"ent
Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
7.4
SAP AG 2002
PP3/S )vervie#
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
2le$ible Planning
/e"and Planning
(/P*
Production
Planning3/etailed
Scheduling (PP3/S*
Planning (M+P*
Capacity
+e&uire"ents
Planning (C+P*
Standard S)P
Sales
/e"and Manage"ent
C<2
Supply et#ork
Planning (SP*
-n$epen$ent reDirements are t)e startin, point for pro$%tion plannin, in SAP APO PP//S: Sales
or$ers are ,enerall' %reate$ in SAP R/3 an$ transferre$ from t)ere to SAP APO for plannin,. Planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements %an !e %reate$ in SAP R/3 ?$eman$ mana,ementA. -t is also possi!le,
)owe*er, to $eri*e t)em from SAP APO /P.
Sto%& transfer reDirements %an !e $eri*e$ from sppl' networ& plannin, wit)in SAP APO S8P, w)i%)
%an t)en !e %o*ere$ sin, PP//S. -t is also possi!le to $ire%tl' %on*ert S8P planne$ or$ers into PP//S
planne$ or$ers.
+)ereas in SAP R/3, %apa%it' reDirements plannin, is e1e%te$ separatel' in a se%on$ step, in SAP
APO PP//S, Dantities an$ %apa%ities %an !e planne$ simltaneosl'.
E1e%tion of pro$%tion, in ot)er wor$s, t)e pro%essin, of manfa%trin, or$ers ?pro$%tion or pro%ess
or$ersA ta&es pla%e in t)e area of Sppl' C)ain Manfa%trin,. Sppl' C)ain Manfa%trin, ta&es pla%e
pre$ominantl' in SAP R/3.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5
7.5
SAP AG 2003
%ransition !ro" SP )rders to PP3/S Planned
)rders
Planning
in SP
Planning in PP3/S
Create
%oday
100
%oday
100
%oday
/elete
Create using PP3/S PPM
30 10 20
SP prod. hori9on
PP3/S
hori9on
SP prod. hori9on
Alternative, Copy SP planned orders directly by converting the" into
PP3/S orders
PP3/S
hori9on
Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, is se$ for me$imBterm to lon,Bterm plannin, a%ross t)e w)ole sppl' %)ain
?espe%iall' if se*eral plants an$ $istri!tion %enters are a*aila!leA. As s%), reDirements for a set !%&et
?$a', for e1ampleA are a,,re,ate$. +)en e1a%tl' t)e reDirement is a%%mlate$ in t)e respe%ti*e !%&et
$oes not 'et pla' a role. Or$er seDen%es $o not pla' a role in S8P eit)er..
-n t)e a!o*e e1ample, an or$er is !ein, %reate$ in S8P wit) t)e )elp of t)e S8P pro$%tion pro%ess
mo$el. S8P or$ers are t)s a,,re,ate$ for ea%) $efine$ !%&et. S8P ta&es pla%e otsi$e of t)e S8P
)ori6on. PP//S or$ers are *ali$ as firme$ re%eipts in S8P an$ are ta&en into %onsi$eration $rin,
plannin,.
On%e t)e start $ate of an S8P or$er enters t)e PP//S )ori6on, it is s!>e%t to PP//S. -t is t)s $elete$ in
PP//S plannin, an$ repla%e$ !' a PP//S or$er, w)i%) is %reate$ !ase$ on PP//S master $ata.
-f S8P or$ers are to !e $ire%tl' transferre$ to plannin, in PP//S, t)e' mst !e %on*erte$ into PP//S
or$ers in ,oo$ time, t)at is, !efore t)e PP//S )ori6on is rea%)e$. 9o allow 'o to $o t)is, !a%&,ron$
%on*ersion is a*aila!le in t)e PP//S men, w)i%) %an also !e s%)e$le$ perio$i%all'. As a reslt of t)e
%on*ersion, t)e or$er is %reate$ a,ain in PP//S sin, t)e pro$%tion pro%ess mo$el $efine$ t)ere.
9)e PP//S )ori6on spe%ifies a nm!er of $a's on w)i%) PP//S is se$ for plannin,. 9)e PP//S )ori6on
%an !e $efine$ in t)e Cstomi6in, for Sppl' C)ain Plannin,. Go ma' also $efine a PP//S )ori6on,
per lo%ation, for ea%) of t)e pro$%ts in t)e pro$%t master.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 "
7.6
SAP AG 2002
Purposes o! PP3/S in SAP AP)
Supply Chain
%o:the:"inute planning o! production
and e$ternal procure"ent
Capacity +e&uire"ents Planning
(separately or si"ultaneously* on
operation level in the short:ter"
hori9on
Machine Scheduling )pti"i9ation
A!o*e all, t)e prpose of pro$%tion plannin, is s)ortBterm toBt)eBminte plannin, ?!ot) for inB)ose
pro$%tion an$ e1ternal pro%rementA in t)e pro$%tion plant.
-n PP//S, reDirements are met !' ,eneratin, planne$ or$ers ?to plan inB)ose pro$%tionA as well as
pr%)ase reDisitions or s%)e$lin, a,reement s%)e$le lines ?to plan e1ternal pro%rementA.
-n %ontrast to mi$Bterm plannin, in SAP APO S8P, pro$%tion plannin, in t)e plant is $etaile$ an$ ses
e1a%t times. E1a%t pro$%tion times for t)e pro$%tion of materials are t)s $etermine$.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 #
7.7
SAP AG 2003
0ene!its o! PP3/S in SAP AP)
PP3/S #ith si"ultaneous >uantity and Capacity
+e&uire"ents Planning
%o:the:"inute Material +e&uire"ents Planning (hours6
"inutes* !or dependent re&uire"ents also
Multilevel "aterial and capacity availability check possible
(pegging*
Multilevel A%P check possible
)pti"i9ation procedures #ithin PP3/S ("ini"i9e setup ti"es6
setup costs6 scheduling delays6 alternative resource
selection6 ..*
/yna"ic e$ception "essages (alerts*
Capacity categories, %i"e6 activity6 volu"e6 piece
Simltaneos material an$ %apa%it' reDirements plannin,: Go %an $efine resor%es as finite resources
in t)e resor%e master. Or$er operations are onl' %reate$ at t)ese resor%es if t)ere is sffi%ient %apa%it'
for t)e or$er Dantit' on t)e %orrespon$in, $ate. -f t)ere is not eno,) %apa%it' a*aila!le, t)e s'stem
sear%)es for a new $ate, ta&in, t)e %apa%it' sitation into a%%ont.
Atomati% plannin, imme$iatel': -f 'o set t)is in$i%ator for a pro$%t, t)e s'stem starts a sin,leBle*el
plannin, rn for t)is pro$%t for ea%) %)an,e ma$e t)at is rele*ant to plannin, ?for e1ample, a new sales
or$erA.
Plannin, wit) e1a%t times: /epen$ent reDirements an$ or$ers are %reate$ wit) a time.
Ma%)ine S%)e$lin, Optimi6ation: /rin, plannin,, it ma' !e t)at or$ers were ,enerate$ w)ose or$er
seDen%e is not optimm. 9)erefore, 'o %an %)an,e t)e seDen%e an$ resor%e assi,nment of e1istin,
or$ers in t)e optimi6ation rn.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 E
7.8
SAP AG 2002
5sage o! PP3/S in SAP AP)
Planning critical products (!or e$a"ple6 products #hich have
long replenish"ent lead ti"es or products that are produced
on bottleneck resources*
Planning in the short:ter" hori9on6 or6 #here necessary6
using si"ultaneous capacity re&uire"ents planning
)pti"i9ation o! the production plan
Reduced lead times
:ncreased t&roug&put of products based on a better
coordination of resources
Reduced stoc# costs based on more exact production
planning
8ot ne%essaril' all t)e materials of a plant )a*e to !e planne$ in SAP APO. Advanced Planning
fn%tions t)at are a*aila!le in SAP APO are not ne%essar' for all materials. Go wol$ t'pi%all' plan
%riti%al pro$%ts ?t)at are pro$%e$ on !ottlene%& resor%es, per)apsA in SAP APO.
Go s)ol$ !e aware t)at t)e %)oi%e of materials to !e planne$ in SAP APO )as to !e $efine$ sensi!l':
7or e1ample, 'o s)ol$ plan all pro$%ts in SAP APO t)at are planne$ on %ertain resor%es, as sensi!le
%apa%it' reDirements plannin, wol$ not !e possi!le wit)ot all materials in SAP APO.
Plannin, in SAP APO %reates a wi$e ran,e of !enefits. .' optimi6in, or$er seDen%es, lea$ times %an
!e re$%e$, more pre%ise plannin, ena!les 'o to re$%e sto%&s, an$, at t)e same time, 'o %an a%)ie*e
impro*e$ onBtime $eli*er' performan%e, an$ so on.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 F
7.9
SAP AG 2003
SAP AP) PP3/S and SAP +34 M+P
<ncorrect Correct 1ey
Planned in SAP AP)
Planned in SAP +34
Planning o! a 0)M
structure in SAP AP)
and SAP +34
SAP AP) PP3/S carries out production planning onlyA
7$ecution (con!ir"ations6 goods receipt and so on* is carried
out in SAP +34
Products that are planned in SAP AP) PP3/S should be
e$cluded !ro" planning using a corresponding M+P type in
SAP +34
Planning results are trans!erred !ro" SAP AP) to SAP +34 !or
e$ecution <! re&uired6 planning is co"pleted in +34 (!or e$a"ple6
i! all o! the products o! a 0)M structure are not planned in
AP)*.
-n prin%iple, pro$%tion plannin,/$etaile$ s%)e$lin, %an !e e1e%te$ in SAP APO PP//S or in SAP R/3
MRP. Plannin, in SAP APO offers se*eral fn%tional !enfits.
-n ,eneral, not all materials are planne$ in SAP APO. Rat)er, plannin, in SAP APO is limite$ to
important materials, w)ereas plannin, for less %riti%al parts is %omplete$ in SAP R/3. Materials t)at are
planne$ in SAP APO s)ol$ !e e1%l$e$ from plannin, sin, a %orrespon$in, MRP t'pe in SAP R/3
?CA SAP A( SCM200 4
7.10
SAP AG 2003
M+P %ype NF0N
+34
+34
Material "aster /
Material "aster C
Material "aster 0
Material "aster A
Mat. A
F0
M+P %ype
F0
M+P Procedure
F
=ithout M+P (in SAP +34*6
#ith 0)M e$plosion
Mat. 0
F0
Mat. C
F0
Mat. /
@0
AP)
AP)
Product C
Product 0
Product A
<ntegration "odel
=hich "aterials
should be planned
in SAP AP)B
=hich "aster and
transaction data
should be
e$changedB
Plannin, is not ne%essaril' e1e%te$ for all materials in SAP APO. Plannin, for %riti%al materials %an
ta&e pla%e in SAP APO, w)ile less %riti%al materials ?s%) as %onsmptionB%ontrolle$ pr%)asin,
materialsA %an !e planne$ in SAP R/3.
Materials t)at )a*e !een planne$ in SAP APO ma' not !e planne$ a,ain in SAP R/3 B t)e plannin,
reslts from SAP APO are transferre$ $ire%tl' to SAP R/3 as planne$ or$ers . 8e*ert)eless, $epen$ent
reDirements mst !e $etermine$ for materials t)at )a*e a .OM in R/3 ?normall' as a reslt of material
reDirements plannin,A. Go assi,n t)ese materials a spe%ial MRP t'pe wit) t)e MRP pro%e$re, @3@
?@wit)ot MRP, wit) .OM e1plosion@A.
-t is also possi!le to se t)e MRP t'pe 3O to sele%t materials rele*ant for SAP APO in t)e inte,ration
mo$el.
-n ,eneral, 'o s)ol$ !e %arefl a!ot separatin, SAP APOBrele*ant materials from t)ose t)at are not
SAP APOBrele*ant: 7or effe%ti*e plannin, in SAP APO, 'o mst !e sre t)at all materials important
for t)e plannin, pro%ess %an a%tall' !e planne$ in SAP APO. ?7or e1ample, wit) %apa%it' plannin,, if
t)e %apa%ities in SAP APO are to !e planne$ for t)e $ifferent resor%es, all materials w)ose pro$%tion
ses t)ese resor%es mst !e planne$ in SAP APO.A
7.11
SAP AG 2002
Pri"ary Processes in SAP AP) PP3/S
$a#e*to*stoc#
production
Production planning #ith !inite or in!inite
capacity re&uire"ents planning
$a#e*to*order production
Planning !or individual sales orders #ith !inite
or in!inite capacity re&uire"ents planning
C%P scenario possible on single or "ultilevel
1xternal procurement
C%P scenario possible !or sales orders in the
PP3/S hori9on (Capable:to:Pro"ise*
Source deter"ination
Scheduling agree"ent processing and
subcontracting possible
9)e pro$%tion of a pro$%t %an !e planne$ in ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion. 2arios plannin, strate,ies are
a*aila!le. 9)e pro$%tion pro,ram is $etermine$ in ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion sin, plannin,
reDirements, an$ if ne%essar', sin, sales or$ers t)at alrea$' e1ist.
ReDirements %an !e %o*ere$ sin, finite or infinite plannin,. /ifferent optimi6ation pro%e$res %an !e
se$ wit)in %apa%it' reDirements plannin,.
Sales or$ers %an also !e planne$ in ma&eBtoBsto%& pro$%tion wit)in a C9P %)e%&. +)en a sales or$er is
%reate$, an A9P %)e%& is %arrie$ ot to see if t)e ne%essar' pro%rement elements e1ist, an$, if
ne%essar', a new pro%rement element is %reate$ an$ s%)e$le$ a%%or$in, to %apa%it'. Possi!le $ela's
?!e%ase of %apa%it' o*erloa$s, for e1ampleA are $ire%tl' reporte$ to t)e sales or$er. -n ma&eBtoBsto%&
pro$%tion, a C9P %)e%& is onl' possi!le wit)in t)e PP//S )ori6on.
-n ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion, ea%) sales or$er is planne$ in a separate se,ment. Plannin, %an !e finite or
infinite. As t)e PP//S )ori6on pla's no role in ma&eBtoBor$er pro$%tion, t)e C9P %)e%& %an !e %arrie$
ot wit)ot an' time restri%tions.
-n a$$ition to inB)ose pro$%tion, e1ternal pro%rement %an !e planne$ in SAP APO. Atomati%
sor%e $etermination ?!ase$ on %osts, for e1ampleA %an also ta&e pla%e. S%)e$lin, a,reement
pro%essin, an$ s!%ontra%tin, %an also !e $epi%te$.
7.12
SAP AG 2002
SAP AP) Master /ata !or <n:house Production
AP)
AP)
+34
+34
SAP +34 "aster
data
SAP AP) "aster
data
-ocation
Product
Production version
+outing
0)M
+esource
(PPM*
Plant
Custo"er
@endor
Material "aster
-n SAP APO, resor%es an$ pro$%tion pro%ess mo$els are se$ to plan inB)ose pro$%tion. 9)is $ata is
transferre$ from SAP R/3 to SAP APO. SAP R/3 wor& %enter %apa%ities are mappe$ onto SAP APO
resor%es an$ SAP R/3 rotin,s an$ .OMs are mappe$ onto a SAP APO pro$%tion pro%ess mo$el.
7or rotin,s an$ .OMs to !e transferre$ from SAP R/3, a %orrespon$in, pro$%tion *ersion mst !e
present in t)e SAP R/3 material master. 9)e pro$%tion *ersion $etermines a manfa%trin, pro%ess !'
spe%if'in, a rotin, an$ a !ill of material.
-n t)e SAP R/3 material master, se*eral pro$%tion *ersions %an !e $efine$ ?for $ifferent lot si6e
inter*als, for e1ampleA. Ea%) of t)ese pro$%tion *ersions is transferre$ to SAP APO as an in$i*i$al
PPM.
9)e PPMs t)at are transferre$ from SAP R/3 )a*e sa,e @P@: 9)e' %an !e se$ in SAP APO for
Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, ?PP//SA. -f t)e plans are to !e se$ for Sppl' 8etwor&
Plannin, ?S8PA as well, t)e' nee$ to !e %opie$ as PPMs wit) sa,e @S@. 9)ere is a spe%ial report for t)is
a*aila!le in SAP APO.
7.13
SAP AG 2002
+esources in SAP AP)
Single:activity resources (PP3/S*
%i"e:continuous
Available capacity !or one activity
Multiactivity resources (PP3/S*
%i"e:continuous
Available capacity !or "ultiple
activities
0ucket resources (SP*
%i"e intervals
Available capacity per ti"e interval
Mi$ed resources (PP3/S and SP*
Resor%es are SAP APO master $ata, in w)i%) %apa%ities an$ wor&in, times of ma%)ines, personnel,
*e)i%les an$ ware)oses are $efine$. 9)e' %an !e %reate$ in SAP APO w)en SAP R/3 wor& %enters are
transferre$ *ia t)e C-7.
Resor%es %an !e $efine$ as sin,leBa%ti*it' resor%es, mltiBa%ti*it' resor%es or !%&et resor%es.
Sin,leB an$ mltiBa%ti*it' resor%es %an !e se$ for %ontinos an$ e1a%t time plannin, in PP//S,
!%&et resor%es are se$ for mi$B an$ lon,Bterm plannin, in Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, ?S8PA. 9)e time
perio$s ?!%&etsA for !%&et resor%es are at least one $a' lon,.
Mi1e$ resor%es %an !e se$ in !ot) S8P ?!%&etBoriente$ s%)e$lin,A an$ in PP//S ?timeB%ontinos
s%)e$lin,A.
7.14
SAP AG 2002
=ork Center and +esources
An APO resource for eac& SAP R/3 "or# center capacit
=ork Center
Capacities
00.
Capacity cat. $ac&ine
002
Capacity cat. Person
.D04
Plant
.000
+esource
2 "ulti "i$ed
=.D04Q.000Q00.
+esource Cat. -ocation
P .000
=.D04Q.000Q002 P .000
<! necessary6 de!ine
capacity variants
and shi!ts
+34 AP)
/rin, t)e transfer of an SAP R/3 wor& %enter to SAP APO, ea%) %apa%it' %ate,or' is mappe$ in its
own resor%e. 9)e transfer ta&es pla%e a%%or$in, to t)e followin, namin, %on*ention: 9)e name of t)e
wor& %enter will start wit) a @+@, t)en %omes t)e plant from w)i%) t)e wor& %enter stems, an$ t)en t)e
%apa%it' %ate,or' %omes at t)e en$.
SAP R/3 wor& %enter %apa%ities are normall' transferre$ as @pro$%tion@ t'pe mlti or sin,leBa%ti*it'
resor%es. -f 'o want mi1e$ resor%es, w)i%) %an !e se$ in PP//S an$ S8P ?!%&et resor%esA to !e
%reate$ $rin, t)e transfer sin, t)e C-7, t)en 'o s)ol$ se a %orrespon$in, %stomer e1it.
7.15
SAP AG 2002
Production Process Model (PPM* (.*
Plan I000EE0.000.
AP)
PPM Product A
)peration .0
Assembl
Activity, Setup
+omponents
Activity, Production
+elationships
)peration 20
+&ec#s
+elationships
...
+34
Standard routing
Group counter
SAP R/3 prod5 %ersion 000.
I000EE
0.
9)e Pro$%tion Pro%ess Mo$el ?PPMA in SAP APO %ontains t)e information reDire$ for manfa%trin,
a pro$%t. -t represents t)e %om!ination of rotin, an$ !ill of material for a master $ata o!>e%t.
9)e plan nm!er in SAP APO is $eri*e$ from ori,inal $ata $rin, t)e transfer of an SAP R/3
pro$%tion *ersion. -t is ma$e p of t)e rotin, nm!er, ,rop %onter an$ t)e pro$%tion *ersion
nm!er.
A PPM %ontains one or more operations. Ea%) operation in%l$es at least one a%ti*it'. ?9)ese a%ti*ities
ma' !e @pro$%e@, @setp@, @tear $own@ or @wait@A. 9)e %omponents %onsme$ ?or pro$%e$A !' t)e
a%ti*it' are assi,ne$ to t)e a%ti*ities. 9)e seDen%e of a%ti*ities wit)in t)e operation is $efine$ !'
relations)ips.
7.16
SAP AG 2002
Production Process Model (PPM* (2*
Acti%ities and resources
PPM Product A
)peration .0
Mode 2
Pri"ary resource
Secondary resource
=.D0IQ.000Q00.
=.D0IQ.000Q002
Mode .
Pri"ary resource
Secondary resource
=.D04Q.000Q00.
=.D04Q.000Q002
Selection o! "ode
is dyna"ic !or
scheduling
9)e resor%e an$ t)e %apa%it' reDirement nee$e$ to e1e%te an a%ti*it' are $etermine$ !' t)e mo$e. As
well as t)e primar' resor%e t)at is rele*ant for s%)e$lin,, one or more se%on$ar' resor%es %an also !e
entere$ in a mo$e. 9)e s'stem also $etermines %apa%it' reDirements for se%on$ar' resor%es $rin,
s%)e$lin,.
Se*eral mo$es %an !e assi,ne$ to one a%ti*it', t)at is, se*eral alternati*e resor%es %an !e assi,ne$ at
w)i%) t)e a%ti*it' %an !e pro%esse$. /rin, s%)e$lin, in PP//S, t)e s'stem atomati%all' sele%ts a
mo$e. 9)e mo$e sele%te$ is t)e mo$e t)at starts latest if 'o ta&e t)e a*aila!le %apa%it' into
%onsi$eration.
-n optimi6ation in PP//S, it is possi!le to ,i*e preferen%e to parti%lar mo$es. 9)e mo$es %an t)erefore
!e ,i*en $ifferent priorities.
7.17
SAP AG 2002
/e"and Progra"s in the Production Plant
Planned independent re&"ts
Sales orders
Stock trans!er re&uire"ents
/e"and progra"
PP3/S in the plant
AP)
<n:house production
9)e $eman$ pro,ram t)at )as to !e %o*ere$ !' PP//S in t)e plant, is $etermine$ sin, planne$
in$epen$ent reDirements, sales or$ers an$ sto%& transfer reDirements.
Planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements %an %ome from SAP R/3 $eman$ mana,ement or from SAP APO /P,
sales or$ers are %reate$ in sales ?SAP R/3 S/A, sto%& transfer reDirements %an !e $eri*e$ from SAP
APO S8P or from SAP R/3.
7.18
SAP AG 2002
PP3/S Planned )rders
Planned order 4E.. (<n:house production*
+eceipts
Pump P:.00 .0 pc.
+e&"ts
.00:.00 +asing
.00:400 S&aft
.0 pc
.0 pc
...
)perations
00.0 Staging
0020 Pressing
...
3&at "ill be
produced4 3&en "ill
it be read4
3&ic& components are
needed4 For "&ic&
dates4
3&ic& steps are carried out
in production4 3&en are
t&e carried out4 On "&ic&
resources4
Pro%rement of a pro$%t in inB)ose pro$%tion is planne$ sin, SAP APO planne$ or$ers.
An SAP APO planne$ or$er is sall' s%)e$le$ sin, $etaile$ s%)e$lin,, t)at is, it %ontains all
operation $ates. Pro%rement of ne%essar' %omponents is also planne$ spe%ifi%all' for ea%) operation.
-f a strate,' t)at en*isa,es finite plannin, is se$ in t)e plannin, of a planne$ or$er, simltaneos
Dantit' an$ %apa%it' reDirements plannin, ta&es pla%e at planne$ or$er le*el. 9)e a*aila!ilit' of t)e
%apa%ities t)at are nee$e$ for pro$%tion is t)en ,arantee$. /rin, infinite plannin,, %apa%it'
reDirements plannin, ta&es pla%e in a $ownstream step.
7.19
SAP AG 2002
Multilevel 0ack#ard Scheduling in PP3/S
%i"e
2inished
product
Asse"bly .
Availability date
Start date
)peration .0
+e&uire"ents
date
.0 20
7nd date
)peration 40
.0 40 20
.0 40 20
Asse"bly 2
+a# "at..
+a# "at.2
+a# "at.4
-f t)ere are not eno,) sto%& or re%eipt Dantities to %o*er a reDirement, t)e pro$%tion plannin, rn
,enerates a planne$ or$er. 9)e PPM is e1plo$e$ an$ $epen$ent reDirements are %reate$ for t)e
assem!lies. Plannin, in t)e ne1t .OM le*el ta&es pla%e in t)e same wa'. -f t)ere are not eno,) sto%& or
re%eipt Dantities, planne$ or$ers are %reate$ )ere also, w)i%), in trn, %an )a*e $epen$ent reDirements,
an$ so on.
+)en t)e lot si6e of t)e planne$ or$er )as !een $etermine$ an$ t)e PPM )as !een e1plo$e$, t)e
pro$%tion plannin, rn %al%lates t)e $ates of t)e planne$ or$ers. 9)e operation times in t)e PPM, as
well as an' ,oo$s re%eipt pro%essin, times maintaine$ in t)e pro$%t master, are ta&en into a%%ont.
9)e $epen$ent reDirements $ates are mo*e$ to t)e $ates of operations !elon,in, to t)e PPM. Pr%)ase
or$ers for materials %an t)s !e operationBspe%ifi% an$ ma$e on s%)e$le.
9)e s'stem starts wit) material sta,in, a%%or$in, to t)e assi,nment of %omponents to operations in t)e
PPM. 9)e $epen$ent reDirements $ate of t)e .OM %omponents is pla%e$ on t)e pro$%tion start $ate of
t)e operations to w)i%) t)e' are assi,ne$.
7.20
SAP AG 2002
Possibilities o! Production Planning in PP3/S
Finite sc&eduling
Si"ultaneous &uantity and capacity
re&uire"ents planning, All (!inite*
resources are checked #hen a planned
order is created. %he planned order is only
created i! capacities are available.
:nfinite sc&eduling
+esources are not checked #hen a planned
order is created. A planned order is created
even i! there is a capacity overload.
/o#nstrea" /S heuristics (capacity
re&uire"ents planning* produce a !easible
production plan.
/o#nstrea" opti"i9ation o! the plan is
possible.
2inal opti"i9ation o! the plan is possible.
Pro$%tion plannin, in SAP APO PP//S %an !e e1e%te$ as finite or infinite plannin,. 9)e
%orrespon$in, !asi% settin,s are ma$e sin, t)e strate,' profile in PP//S Cstomi6in,.
+)en a planne$ or$er is %reate$ $rin, finite plannin,, t)e a*aila!ilit' of t)e %apa%ities an$ %omponents
t)at are nee$e$ for pro$%tion is %)e%&e$. Onl' w)en sffi%ient %apa%it' is a*aila!le %an t)e planne$
or$er !e %reate$. -f no %apa%it' remains for t)e $esire$ time, t)e planne$ or$er is %reate$ later, if
ne%essar', ?w)en %apa%it' is a*aila!leA an$ t)is $ela' is in$i%ate$ !' a %orrespon$in, alert.
A pro$%tion plan t)at )as !een %reate$ in finite pro$%tion plannin, %an !e pro%esse$ in $ownstream
optimi6ation. 9)e ,oal of t)is optimi6ation %ol$ !e t)e re$%tion in t)e nm!er of $ela's t)at reslt
from t)e ori,inal plannin,.
Capa%ities are not %)e%&e$ in infinite pro$%tion plannin,. Planne$ or$ers are %reate$ wit) appropriate
$ates, e*en w)en no remainin, %apa%it' remains. Capa%it' reDirements plannin, ta&es pla%e in a se%on$
step sin, spe%ial /S )eristi%s. /rin, t)is pro%e$re, plannin, %an also !e en)an%e$ !' final
optimi6ation.
7.21
SAP AG 2002
Si"ultaneous >uantity and Capacity +e&uire"ents
Planning
%i"e %oday
+esource 4 (!inite*
+esource 2 (in!inite*
+esource . (!inite*
40
20
40
20
Alert6
i! necessary
Available
)ccupied
.st loading atte"pt
2inal loading atte"pt
.0 .0
)perations and resource load
according to production process
"odel
(Sales orders6
dependent
re&uire"ents6 and so
on*
+e&uire"ent
.0 40 20
-f a pro$%t is not a*aila!le, t)e reDirement ?t)e sales or$er or $epen$ent reDirement, for e1ampleA
tri,,ers pro$%tionPro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin,: -f it tri,,ers an or$er for inB)ose
pro$%tion, SAP APO %reates a planne$ or$er for t)e $esire$ Dantit' in PP//S. All operations of t)e
pro$%tion pro%ess mo$el ?PPMC SAP APO master $ata re%or$, w)i%) %ontains t)e SAP R/3 !ill of
material an$ rotin,A are s%)e$le$ at t)e resor%es of t)e PPM an$ t)e s'stem ta&es %apa%it'
%onstraints into a%%ont ?a*aila!le %apa%it' an$, possi!l' or$ers t)at )a*e alrea$' !een s%)e$le$A.
-f a finitel' planne$ resor%e is alrea$' e1)aste$ on t)e $esire$ $ate, t)e s'stem sear%)es for a new $ate
on w)i%) t)e planne$ or$er %an !e %reate$. Go se t)e strate,' profile to $efine )ow t)e s'stem is to
s%)e$le ?sear%) for a slot, infinite plannin, ...A.
A finitel' planne$ resor%e is $efine$ in t)e resor%e master sin, t)e in$i%ator J7inite S%)e$lin,@. O
perations of or$ers are onl' %reate$ on t)ese resor%es if t)ere is eno,) %apa%it' a*aila!le for t)e or$er
Dantit' on t)e or$er $ate.
A strate,' profile is maintaine$ in SAP APO Cstomi6in,. -n t)e ,lo!al settin,s of PP//S, 'o $efine
w)i%) profile s)ol$ !e se$ for t)e s%)e$lin, of planne$ or$ers. 9)e $efalt strate,' profile in t)e
$eli*er' s'stem is SAP002 ?sear%) for a slot !a%&war$A.
7.22
SAP AG 2002
;euristics 5sed in Production Planning
SAPA$RPA..'
Production planning run according to lo#:
level code
SAPA$RPA..,
Possible shortage on co"ponent level is
displayed using alerts
%he procedure is very !ast
%he production planning run also takes
place according to lo#:level code6 but
co"ponents #ith Nauto"atic planning
i""ediatelyN are planned directly
Scheduling delays on co"ponent level are
propagated to the !inished product
/ate3ti"e alerts usually occur at !inished
product level
Production planning run
Global settings
Processing step 0euristic
...
Selection o! products ...
9wo main )eristi%s are a*aila!le for t)e pro$%tion plannin, rn in SAP APO PP//S: Pro$%t Plannin,
?%omponents a%%or$in, to lowBle*el plannin,A ?SAPNMRPN001A an$ plan %omponents imme$iatel'
?SAPNMRPN002A.
0sin, t)e )eristi% SAPNMRPN001, pro$%ts are planne$ in or$er of t)eir lowBle*el %o$in,. -f a
$epen$ent reDirement at %omponent le*el %annot !e %o*ere$ in time, t)e $ela'e$ pro%rement element
is %reate$ an$ pro*i$e$ wit) an alert. 9)is $ela' is not atomati%all' passe$ on to s!seDent affe%te$
or$ers.
-f infinite plannin, ta&es pla%e, t)e )eristi% SAPNMRPN001 pro%ess %orrespon$s fn%tionall' to t)e
MRP rn in SAP R/3 MRP. 9)is pro%ess is *er' fast an$ is t)s parti%larl' sita!le for mass
appli%ations.
9)e )eristi% SAPNMRPN002 $iffers from t)e )eristi% SAPNMRPN001 wit) re,ar$s to t)e %omponents
t)at %an !e fon$ in t)e pro$%t master n$er t)e Automatic planning immediately in$i%ator: 9)ese
%omponents are planne$ imme$iatel' if a $epen$ent reDirement was %reate$ for t)em in t)e plannin, of
t)e sperior pro$%t. -f t)is $epen$ent reDirement %annot !e %o*ere$ on time, t)e sperior planne$
or$er is also mo*e$ an$ pro*i$e$ wit) an alert. /ate/time alerts t'pi%all' o%%r at finis)e$ pro$%t le*el
wit) t)is &in$ of plannin,. 7orwar$ propa,ation of $ela's %an also ta&e pla%e at se*eral lowBle*el %o$es.
7.23
SAP AG 2002
Product @ie#
1%aluating t&e planning result9
)
v
e
r
v
i
e
#

t
r
e
e
M+P
ele"ents
7le"ents Product 2orecast ...
Product
P?$P
-ocation
'...
Product vie# P5MP
/isplay and edit
individual procure"ent
ele"ents
>uick display o!
ad'oining in!or"ation
(product "aster6 A%P6
!orecast and so on*.
<nteractive planning
AlertsA Possible to 'u"p
to the alert "onitor
Ad'ustable user:
speci!ic settings
9)e plannin, sitation for a %ertain lo%ation pro$%t %an !e e*alate$ sin, t)e SAP APO pro$%t *iew.
9)e pro$%t *iew is a *ersatile an$ fle1i!le tool t)at 'o %an se to e1e%te a ran,e of fn%tions: Go
%an $ispla' an$ %)an,e in$i*i$al MRP elements, 'o %an plan intera%ti*el', 'o %an >mp to t)e alert
monitor an$ so on.
9)e top part of t)e pro$%t *iew %ontains a )ea$er wit) a pro$%t nm!er, on t)e left ?optionalA t)ere is
an o*er*iew tree an$ in t)e lower part, t)e list itself wit) t)e in$i*i$al MRP elements an$ t)e
%orrespon$in, a*aila!le elements. 7rt)er ta! pa,es %ontain a%%ompan'in, information. 0serBspe%ifi%
settin,s ena!le 'o to a$>st t)e $ispla' to 'or personal nee$s.
9)e pro$%t *iew is a $'nami% list. -ntera%ti*e plannin, %an !e e1e%te$, for e1ample, an$ as soon as
'o )a*e sa*e$ t)e reslt, t)e %rrent sitation is t)en $ispla'e$. -t is also possi!le to refres) t)e list, if,
after some time )as elapse$, 'o nee$ to $ispla' t)e %rrent plannin, stats.
7.24
SAP AG 2002
Product Planning %able as a 2urther %ool
Planner
G4%i ller
Sho#n
Product Planning 7able
.6+'00H1000H002
.6+%IIH1000H002
.6+100H1000H001
.6+%IIH1000H002
Reso&rce per prod&ct +periodic planning
Prod&ct 2ie#, periodic
Charts
22406402 24406402 25406402 26406402 27406402 28406402 01407402 02407402 Reso&rce Die#, Periodic
Prod&ct 2ie#, periodic
Alert %onitor
Pl-rd / 6+'200 pc4
6otal re5&ire(ents/con!4 pc4
A2aila)le 5&antit" pc4 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+ 200+
0a"sJ s&ppl" 0a" /+ 12+ 13+ 14+ 15+ 16+ 1/ 20
'*Re5 / 20 / P1anning #&t$ !inal asse()l" pc4
6+'200II
.6+100H1000H001 / Utili=ation K
Re5&ire(ent G 1<450 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000
A2aila)le G 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000 7<000
.6+%00H1000H002 / Utili=ation44 K 24<641 50 50 50
.6+100H1000H001 / Utili=ations4444K 20<710 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
;idden
22406402 24406402 25406402 26406402 27406402 28406402 01407402 02407402
Prod&ct Die#, 3&antit" Planning
.6+%IIH1000H002
.6+%IIH1000H002
Product vie#, >uantity graphic
avigation tree
Chart selection
+esource @ie#, Periodic
Product vie#, periodic
9)e pro$%t plannin, ta!le is a powerfl tool, an$ it %an !e se$ to e1e%te an$ e*alate plannin, in
PP//S. A ran,e of $ispla'a!le %)arts are a*aila!le. /epen$in, on 'or %)oi%e of %)arts, t)e pro$%t
plannin, ta!le %an !e tailore$ to $ifferent tas&s.
9)e na*i,ation tree on t)e top left e$,e of t)e s%reen $ispla's t)e wor&s%ope of t)e pro$%t plannin,
ta!le. 0sin, t)e na*i,ation tree, 'o %an $efine w)i%) o!>e%ts %an !e seen in t)e in$i*i$al *iews. Go
%an ,rop t)e na*i,ation tree a%%or$in, to $ifferent %ate,ories ?planner, pro$%t ,rop, lo%ation,
resor%e, for e1ampleA.
On t)e !ottom left e$,e of t)e s%reen, 'o $etermine w)i%) %)arts ?for e1ample, pro$%t *iew: perio$i%,
resor%e *iew: perio$i%, alert monitor, Dantit' ,rap)i%A 'o want to $ispla'. Capa%it' reDirements
plannin, %an !e e1e%te$ in t)e pro$%t plannin, ta!le sin, %orrespon$in, %)arts.
-n t)e resor%e *iew: perio$i%, t)e reDirement of resor%es is $ispla'e$ an$ t)eir tili6ation of %apa%it'
is s)own as a per%enta,e.
-n t)e pro$%t *iew: perio$i%, pro$%ts, t)e or$er Dantities t)at )a*e to !e pro$%e$ in ea%) !%&et as
well as $etaile$ information a!ot $ates an$ Dantities also appear in a$$ition to resor%es.
7.25
SAP AG 2003
)pti"i9ation 5sing Setup %i"es as an 7$a"ple
Setup ti"es at resource
paint shop
Prod. A 0 C
A 0 10 20
0 30 0 15
C 30 25 0
Setup ti"es in
"inutes
Product A,
Product 0,
Product C,
Ob;ecti%e9 7o
minimi>e setup
times (8ob;ecti%e
function8)
%i"e
)perations o! products A to C at paint shop according to schedule (starting situation !or
opti"i9ation*, Planned orders !or A #ere created !irst6 then !or 0 and C
+e&uire"ents ti"e C 0 A A
-pti(i=ation res&lt :#it$ lig$t #eig$ting o! dela"s;
0 A
Setup
ti"e
-pti(i=ation res&lt :#it$o&t #eig$ting o! dela"s;
A C
Setup
ti"e
A
Setup
ti"e
0
C
Setup
ti"e
Setup
ti"e
A
Setup
ti"e
0
C
Setup
ti"e
A
A
S!seDent to %apa%it' reDirements plannin,, t)e pro$%tion plan %an !e optimi6e$. Go %an optimi6e
t)e s%)e$le for sin,le resor%es !ase$ on t)e sm of t)e setp times an$ sm of t)e setp %osts. 9)e
s'stem $etermines seDen%e $epen$ent setp times an$ setp %osts from t)e setp matri1 ?w)i%) %an
onl' !e maintaine$ for sin,le resor%esA.
Go %an $etermine t)e o!>e%ti*e of optimi6ation sin, t)e o!>e%ti*e fn%tion. /ifferent o!>e%ti*e
fn%tions are possi!le ?minimi6ation of %osts an$ $ela's, for e1ampleA. -n t)e e1ample $epi%te$ a!o*e,
t)e o!>e%ti*e fn%tion is t)e sm of setp times, w)ere t)e setp times ?or t)e setp %ostsA flow from t)e
setp matri1 into t)e o!>e%ti*e fn%tion: 9)e setp matri1 %ontains t)e setp time in a time nit of 'or
%)oi%e ?)ors or mintes, for e1ampleA w)ile t)e s'tem ses t)e setp $ration in se%on$s in t)e
o!>e%ti*e fn%tion. -f, for e1ample, 'o enter a setp $ration of 10 mintes in t)e setp matri1, t)e
s'stem ses t)e *ale of #00 ?se%on$sA in t)e o!>e%ti*e fn%tion.
Setp %osts %an also !e entere$ in t)e setp matri1. Setp %osts )a*e no nit. -n t)e o!>e%ti*e fn%tion,
t)e s'stem $ire%tl' ses t)e *ale t)at )as !een entere$ in t)e setp matri1.
7.26
SAP AG 2003
Converting Planned )rders in SAP AP)
C<2
C<2
SAP AP) planned order
Product Master P:.00 Source .000
+eceipt &uantity .0 pc
.E..2.2002
1nd
.0..2.2002
Start
0020 00.0 0040
Conversion indicator
SAP AP) prod. order
Product Master P:.00 Source .000
+eceipt &uantity .0 pc
Conversion indicator
SAP +34 production order
Material P:.00
Plant .000
.E..2.2002
1nd
.0..2.2002
Start
0020 00.0 0040
.E..2.2002
1nd
.0..2.2002
Start
0020 00.0 0040
SAP +34 e$ecution !unctions
SAP +34 planned order
Material P:.00
Plant .000
.E..2.2002
1nd
.0..2.2002
Start
Planne$ or$ers are se$ to plan t)e inB)ose pro$%tion of a material. SAP APO planne$ or$ers t)s
alrea$' %ontain all pro$%tion $ates.
SAP APO planne$ or$ers %an !e transferre$ to SAP R/3. 9)e %orrespon$in, SAP R/3 planne$ or$ers,
)owe*er, %ontain no operation $ates, !t rat)er !asi% $ates wit)in w)i%) pro$%tion s)ol$ ta&e pla%e.
Moreo*er, t)e' %ontain t)e $epen$ent reDirements, for !ot) SAP APO an$ non SAP APO %omponents.
9)e pro%rement of t)ese %omponents %an !e planne$ in SAP R/3 !ase$ on t)ese $epen$ent
reDirements.
Go nee$ to %on*ert t)e planne$ or$ers from SAP APO into pro$%tion or$ers, if pro$%tion plannin, is
to ta&e pla%e in SAP APO PP//S. A SAP APO pro$%tion or$er $iffers from a SAP APO planne$ or$er
!' its %on*ersion in$i%ator onl'. -f t)e %on*ersion in$i%ator )as !een set in SAP APO, a %orrespon$in,
SAP R/3 pro$%tion or$er is %reate$ in SAP R/3. 9)is or$er assmes t)e pro$%tion $ates, t)at )a*e
!een $etermine$ in SAP APO. Moreo*er, li&e e*er' SAP R/3 pro$%tion or$er, it %ontains all t)e
fn%tions nee$e$ to e1e%te pro$%tion ?printin, of or$er $o%ments, %onfirmations, an$ so onA.
7.27
SAP AG 2002
7$ecution o! SAP AP) Planning in SAP +34
AP) +34
Conversion
Production Planning (PP3/S*
Consu"ption
/eploy
:"ent
Planned order
Production order
Purchase re&uisition order
Purchase order
/e"and Planning (/P*
Plnd. ind.re&"ts
Sales order
Production Planning (PP*
2le$ible planning
Plnd. ind.re&"ts
/e"and
"anage"ent
Sales order Sales (S/*
Purchasing
(MM*
Release,
confirmations
Planned order
Production order
Purchase re&uisition order
Purchase order
9)e m'SAP %omponent SAP APO is a plannin, tool t)at %annot !e se$ on its own. On t)e one )an$,
SAP APO relies on $ata from SAP R/3 ?sto%&s or sales or$ers, for e1ampleA $rin, plannin,C on t)e
ot)er )an$, t)e e1e%tion of $ates an$ Dantities planne$ in SAP APO ta&es pla%e in SAP R/3. 9)e
plannin, pro%ess in SAP APO t)erefore is lin&e$ to a permanent e1%)an,e of $ata !etween SAP APO
an$ SAP R/3.
-n Sppl' 8etwor& Plannin, ?S8PA 'o plan for t)e s)ortB or mi$Bterm )ori6on for t)e entire sppl'
%)ain: Go ,enerate sto%& transport reDisitions ?for plannin, an$ sto%& transferA !etween $istri!tion
%enters an$ plants, an$ %an also ,enerate planne$ or$ers ?for inB)ose pro$%tion plannin,A an$ pr%)ase
reDisitions ?for e1ternal pro%rement plannin,A $ire%tl' in t)e pro$%tion plant for t)e lon,er term
)ori6on. -n Pro$%tion Plannin, an$ /etaile$ S%)e$lin, )owe*er, 'o sall' ,enerate planne$ or$ers
an$ pr%)ase reDisitions $ire%tl' in t)e pro$%tion plant for t)e s)ortBterm )ori6on. 9ransa%tion $ata
,enerate$ in SAP APO is transferre$ to SAP R/3 for e1e%tion *ia t)e SAP R/3 APO interfa%e ?C-7:
Core -nterfa%eA.
As soon as planne$ or$ers an$ pr%)ase reDisitions approa%) to$a'Is $ate, t)e %olle%ti*e %on*ersion of
planne$ or$ers into pro$%tion or$ers as well as t)e %on*ersion of pr%)ase reDisitions into pr%)ase
or$ers is tri,,ere$. 9)e s'stem %an %on*ert sto%& transport reDisitions into sto%& transport or$ers in
SAP APO /eplo'ment. 9)ese $o%ments are also transferre$ to SAP R/3 for e1e%tion. E1e%tion
fn%tions s%) as release, %onfirmation, material sta,in,, or ,oo$s mo*ement for pro$%tion or$ers or
pr%)ase or$ers are performe$ in SAP R/3. Confirmation an$ ot)er $ata is t)en transferre$ !a%& to SAP
APO from SAP R/3.
7.28
SAP AG 2002
%o:the:"inute production and procure"ent planning
can be carried out in SAP AP) PP3/S. A #ide range o!
other !unctions6 #hich go beyond the possibilities o!
SAP +34 M+P6 are available.
Production Planning in SAP AP) can be carried out
!or "ake:to:stock or "ake:to:production.
Planning can be !inite or in!inite. <n !inite planning6
&uantity and capacity re&uire"ents planning takes
place si"ultaneously.
%he production plan can be opti"i9ed #ithin capacity
re&uire"ents planning.
%he conversion o! planned orders into "anu!acturing
orders takes place in SAP AP).
Production Planning3/etailed Scheduling, 5nit
Su""ary
7.29Pr&$u!i&n Planning.'e!aile$ She$uling ()eri"e"
*ni!+ Pr&$u!i&n Planning an$ 'e!aile$ She$uling
:PP.'S;
%&pi+ <n!era!ive planning an$ pr&$u! view
0se t)e pro$%t *iew
E1e%te intera%ti*e plannin, from t)e pro$%t *iew
,rop nm!erA are planne$ in SAP APO. After reDirements )a*e
!een planne$ otsi$e t)e pro$%tion )ori6on, PP//S s)ol$ !e
%arrie$ ot on t)e s)ortBterm area.
1B1 -n t)e SAP APO pro$%t *iew, loo& at t)e plannin, sitation for material 9B72LL in
plant 1000:
1B1B1 7rom t)e PP//S men, %all p t)e pr&$u! view for pro$%t 9B72LL in plant
1000:
Plannin, 2ersion: 000
Pro$%t: %-/200
;o%ation: 1000
Confirm %rrent messa,es sin, Enter an$ enter t)e pro$%t *iew. Crrent
plannin, elements are $ispla'e$ on t)e JElementsK ta! pa,e.
1B1B2 Go %an see t)e PP//S )ori6on in t)e list. /o reDirements e1ist wit)in t)is
)ori6onM
-f 'es, w)ere $o t)ese reDirements %ome fromM
Are t)e reDirements %o*ere$ !' re%eipt elements in t)e PP//S )ori6onM
:ow )i,) is t)e ware)ose sto%& for t)e pro$%tM
1B1B3 Go )a*e >st as%ertaine$ t)at planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements e1ist in t)e
PP//S )ori6on. +)i%) reDirements strate,' $o t)ese planne$ in$epen$ent
reDirements !elon, toM ?9o answer t)is Destion, loo& at t)e ta! pa,es
J7ore%astK an$ JPro$%t masterK.A
1B2 -n t)e pro$%t *iew, %arr' ot intera%ti*e plannin, for 'or pro$%t.
1B2B1 Retrn to t)e JElementsK ta! pa,e an$ pro%ee$ to t)e *han!e mo$e of t)e
pro$%t *iew. -f ne%essar', %)oose t)e propa,ation ran,e SAPA;;.
1B2B2 Carr' ot plannin, for 'or pro$%t, sin, t)e Product heuristic ta!. Confirm
t)e $ialo, !o1 t)at appears sin, Enter.
+ere new pro%rement elements %reate$M
8ote $own t)e nm!er of t)e first planne$ or$er t)at was newl' %reate$:
Sa"e t)e plannin,.
1B2B3 )efresh t)e list an$ loo& at t)e nm!er of t)e first planne$ or$er. +)at is
stri&in,M
1B3 A %stomer or$ers 2 pmps for t)e %rrent $ate R E $a's. Create t)is or$er in S,P -.3
in t)e form of a %orrespon$in, %stomer reDirement:
Sales or$ers %annot !e %reate$ in t)e SAP APO S'stem.
9)e' are transferre$ from SAP R/3 to SAP APO *ia t)e C-7
interfa%e.
1B3B1 7rom t)e S,P -.3 Pr&gra7 Planning men, %all p t)e transa%tion Crea!e
u"!&7er re?uire7en!. -n t)e initial s%reen, enter $i"!ri8u!i&n plan! 1000
an$ t)en %onfirm t)is sin, Enter. -n t)e followin, entr' s%reen, enter t)e
'e"ire$ $elivery $a!e as t)e urren! $a!e D 7 $ay". Re%onfirm sin, Enter
an$ %reate a %stomer reDirements item %ontainin, t)e followin, $ata:
Material: %-/200
Or$er Dantit': 2 p.
Confirm 'or entries sin, Enter an$ sa"e t)e sales or$er.
1B3B2 )efresh t)e SAP APO product "iew -s t)e sales or$er $ispla'e$M
1B3B3 :a*e t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements !een %onsme$ !' t)e %stomer
reDirements Dantit'M ?;oo& at t)e J7ore%astK ta! pa,eA.
1B5 9o initiate pro$%tion, %on*ert t)e first planne$ or$er into a pro$%tion or$er.
-f PP//S ta&es pla%e in SAP APO, planne$ or$ers from SAP
APO )a*e to !e %on*erte$ into pro$%tion or$ers. -n SAP
APO, a planne$ or$er $iffers from a pro$%tion or$er !' its
%on*ersion in$i%ator onl'.
1B5B1 Con*ert t)e planne$ or$er wit) t)e earliest $ate in t)e pro$%t *iew into a
pro$%tion or$er. Pro%ee$ from t)e ta! pa,e JElementsK to t)e *han!e mo$e,
sele%t t)e first planne$ or$er an$ %arr' ot t)e fn%tion Set on"ersion
indicator: Sa"e t)e plannin,.
1B5B2 )efresh t)e pro$%t *iew ntil a pro$%tion or$er is $ispla'e$.
As a pro$%tion or$er is !ein, %reate$ in t)e !a%&,ron$ in
SAP R/3, it %an ta&e a few moments !efore 'o see a
pro$%tion or$er in t)e pro$%t *iew.
1B5B3 Pro%ee$ to t)e *urrent stoc./re&uirements list of t)e SAP )// System: Call p
t)e list from t)e SAP R/3 MRP men. -n t)e initial s%reen enter 'or material
nm!er %-/200 an$ plant 1000 an$ t)en %all p t)e list !' %)oosin, Enter.
-s t)e pro$%tion or$er $ispla'e$M
/ispla' t)e or$er from t)e list !' "ele!ing it an$ %)oosin, t)e Display element
fn%tion. Pro%ee$ to t)e Operation o"er"iew. :a*e a loo& at t)e s'stem stats
of t)e in$i*i$al operations. :a*e t)ese operations !een $ispat%)e$ wit)in
%apa%it' plannin,M
7.30Pr&$u!i&n Planning an$ 'e!aile$ She$uling S&lu!i&n"
*ni!+ Pr&$u!i&n Planning an$ 'e!aile$ She$uling
:PP.'S;
%&pi+ <n!era!ive planning an$ pr&$u! view
1+1 SAP AP- (en& pat$, Production Planning :nteracti%e Production Planning Product
/ie"
1B1B1
1B1B2 ReDirements presentM >e"1 re?uire7en!" e)i"! in !he PP.'S h&ri5&n.
Reason: %he re?uire7en!" &7e #r&7 !he #&rea"! !ran"#er #r&7 'e7an$
Planning :/C-e?.; M&re&ver1 "!&4 !ran"#er re?uire7en!" #r&7 Supply
=e!w&r4 Planning :Pre?-el;.
ReDirements %o*ere$ in t)e PP//S )ori6onM =&1 !he re?uire7en!" are n&!
ye! &vere$ 8y reeip!" in !he pr&$u!i&n h&ri5&n. PP.'S planning ha" n&!
ye! !a4en plae.
+are)ose sto%&: 3areh&u"e "!&4 in l&a!i&n 1000 i" 5er& piee"
:wareh&u"e "!&4 i" n&! $i"playe$.
1B1B3 ReDirements strate,' of t)e planne$ in$epen$ent reDirements: %he
re?uire7en!" 8el&ng !& re?uire7en!" "!ra!egy 201 planning wi!h #inal
a""e78ly.
1+2
1B2B1
1B2B2 8ew pro%rement elementsM >e"1 new pr&ure7en! ele7en!" :planne$
&r$er"; were rea!e$.
8m!er of t)e first newl'B%reate$ planne$ or$er: Barie"1 #&r e)a7ple 11799.
1B2B3 +)at is stri&in,M %he nu78er &# !he planne$ &r$er hange" :!& 301761 #&r
e)a7ple;. %hi" new nu78er &7e" #r&7 S,P -.3+ %he planne$ &r$er wa"
!ran"#erre$ !& S,P -.3 in !he 8a4gr&un$1 given a nu78er !here a&r$ing
!& S,P -.3 nu78er range"1 an$ !hi" nu78er wa" !hen !ran"#erre$ 8a4 !&
S,P ,PO.
1B3
Demand Mana!ement *ustomer )e&uirements *reate
1B3B2 Cstomer reDirement s)ownM >e"1 !he u"!&7er re?uire7en! i" $i"playe$.
1B3B3 ConsmptionM >e"1 &n"u7p!i&n !a4e" plae.
1+4
1B5B1
1B5B2
Pro$%tion or$er $ispla'e$M >e"1 !he u"!&7er re?uire7en! i" $i"playe$.
Re%eipts planne$ a%%or$in, to %apa%it'M >e"1 !he reeip!" are planne$
a&r$ing !& apai!y :S!a!u" 'SP%;.
8
SAP AG 2002
Conclusion
/e"and Planning
Course )vervie#
Planning
/e"and
Manage"ent
Scheduling
Conclusion
?CA SAP A( SCM200 1
8.2
SAP AG 2002
Course Su""ary
8ou are no# able to,
/escribe the role o! the "ySAP co"ponents +34
and AP) in Supply Chain Planning
Speci!y #hich "aster data and transaction data is
used in Supply Chain Planning
7$plain the integration o! SAP +34 and SAP AP)
Carry out !unda"ental planning !unctions,
/e"and Planning6 /e"and Manage"ent6 Supply
et#ork Planning6 Material +e&uire"ents
Planning.
?CA SAP A( SCM200 2
8.3
SAP AG 2002
+eco""ended 2ollo#:5p Courses
SCM220 /e"and Planning
SCM240 Supply et#ork Planning
SCM240 Production Planning Part .
SCM242 Production Planning Part 2 (SAP AP) PP3/S*
SCM244 Production Planning Part 2 (SAP +34 M+P*
<n ter"s o! content6 the !ollo#ing overvie# course !ollo#s on directly
!ro" this overvie# course,
SCM400 )vervie# Supply Chain Manu!acturing
2ollo#:up courses in Supply Chain Planning are,
?CA SAP A( SCM200 3
8.4
SAP AG 2002
+eco""ended 2ollo#:5p Activities
Go through the e$ercises using </7S data or your o#n data
+ead online docu"entation
+ead <MG docu"entation
+ead release notes
?CA SAP A( SCM200 5

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