1

Framed tube Prof Schierle 1

Fr amed Tube
Framed tube Prof Schierle 2
Framed tube
Framedtubeshavenarrowlyspacedexterior
columnsthat, combinedwithspandrel beams,
formrigidframestoresist lateral load.
1 Framedtube
2 Framedtubewithcore
3 Shear laginframedtube
Framed tube Prof Schierle 3
Large drift
(unglued boards resist independently)
Small drift
(glued boards resist in synergy
shear joins tension & compression)
Gue-lam beam anlogy
2
Framed tube Prof Schierle 4
Framed tube
Framedtubeshavenarrowlyspacedexterior
columnsthat, combinedwithspandrel beams,
formrigidframestoresist lateral load.
1 Framedtube
2 Framedtubewithcore
3 Shear laginframedtube
4 Framedtubewithoutriggers
5 Prefabframedtube
6 Prefabframedtubeelement
A Shear lag at midfaade
B Shear peakat crosswalls
C Joint at inflectionpoint of zerobending
Framed tube Prof Schierle 5
Column buckling K-factor review
Pin support Flag pole Moment frame column
K =1
K =2
K =1
(theoretic, assumes
perfectly rigid joints)
K ~1.2 (recommended,
includes a safety factor
due to semi-rigid joints)
Framed tube Prof Schierle 6
WorldTradeCenter NewYork
Architect: MinoruYamasaki
Engineer: Skilling/ Robertson
TheWorldTradecenter hadaFramedTubestructure,
composedof closely spacedcolumns(~1meter).
Moment resistingbeam/ columnjointsformeda
latticewall toresist gravityandlateral loads.
1 Axonometricviewof onetower
2 Floor framing
3 Prefabsteel element
4 Typical columncross section
3
Framed tube Prof Schierle 7
CBSTowerNewYork
Architect: EeroSaarinen
The38-storyCBStower hasaframedtubeof concrete
columnsthat aretriangular ontheupper floorsanddiamond
shapedonthegroundfloor.
Thecolumnshavenichesfor mechanical ductsthat decrease
withdecreasingduct sizes frommechanical floor ontopbut
not fromthesecondfloor mechanical room.
A Topfloor columns
B 2ndfloor columns
C Groundfloor columns
Concretefloorsspanbetweencoreandframedtube:
One-wayribslabsfacethecore
Two-waywaffleslabsat corners
Size: 155x125x494 high(47x38x151m)
Typical storyheight: 12 (3.66m)
Floor-to-ceilingheight: 8.75 (2.67m)
Height/widthratio 3.9
Framed tube Prof Schierle 8
First Interstate Bank Los Angeles
Architect: I M Pei
Engineer: CBM
Framedtubeexterior
combinedwithbracedcore
AMPTowerMelbourne
Architect/Engineer: SOM
Framedtubetower,
flankedbyL-shaped
low-risewing
Framed tube Prof Schierle 9
Sears tower Chicago
Architect/Engineer: SOM
TheSearstower isabundledtubestructure
Bundledtubeshaveinterior wallstotransfer shear from
tensiontocompressionsidetoavoidshear lag
1 Bundledtubesreduceshearlag
2 Largeshearlaginsingletube
3 Framingplan(3x3x75x75)
4 Architectural plan
5 2-moduletopfloors
6 5-modulefloors
7 7-modulefloors
8 9-modulefloors
9 Axon
B
u
n
d
l
e
d

t
u
b
e
4
Framed tube Prof Schierle 10
Fazl ur Khan hi gh-r i se c onc ept s
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazlur_Khan
Framed tube Prof Schierle 11
Mid-wall-columns
Vc=LV/B=10x932/110 Vc=85k
Mc=Vch/2=85x10x12 Mc=10200k
Axial load(gravity)
P=30floorsx100x10x15/1000 P=450k
Ptot=P+MBx=450+10200x0.175 Ptot =2235k
UseW14x500 2490>2235
FramedTube
Assume
30-storysteel officebuilding.
Exterior columnsresist gravity
andlateral loads
DesignGroundfloor
ColumnKL=1.2x20 KL=24
Windpressure P=30psf
DL=80psf
LL=25psf (beams@50%)
LL=20psf (columns@40%)
=105psf (beams)
=100psf (columns)
Baseshear
V=30psf x75x414/1000 V=932k
Overturnmoments
M
0
=30psfx75x414
2
/(2x1000) M
0
=192,821k
M
1
=30psfx75x394
2
/(2x1000) M
1
=174,641k
Vc=(L/2) V/B=5x932/110 Vc=42k
Mc=Vch/2=42x10x12 Mc=5040k
Gravityload
P=30floorsx25
2
x100/(3x1000) P=625k
Lateral load
P=M
0
/ B=192,821/110 P=1753k
P=625+1753 P=2378k
Ptot =P+MBx=2378+5040x0.17 Ptot =3235k
UseW14x665 3372>3235
HVAC floor
HVAC floor
Lobby
4
2
4
-
1
0
=
4
1
4

4
2
4
-
3
0
=
3
9
4

Framed tube Prof Schierle 12

HVAC floor
HVAC floor
Lobby
Spandrel beams
V=(M
0
-M
1
)/B=(192821-174641)/110 V=165k
M=VL/2=165(5x12) M=9,900k
S=M/Fb =9900/22ksi S=450in
3
UseW18x234 466>450
Baseshear
V=30psf x75x414/1000 V=932k
Overturnmoments
M
0
=30psfx75x414
2
/(2x1000) M
0
=192,821k
M
1
=30psfx75x394
2
/(2x1000) M
1
=174,641k
Vc=(L/2) V/B=5x932/110 Vc=42k
Mc=Vch/2=42x10x12 Mc=5040k
Gravityload
P=30floorsx25
2
x100/(3x1000) P=625k
Lateral load
P=M
0
/ B=192,821/110 P=1753k
P=625+1753 P=2378k
Ptot =P+MBx=2378+5040x0.17 Ptot =3235k
UseW14x665 3372>3235
Mid-wall-columns
Vc=LV/B=10x932/110 Vc=85k
Mc=Vch/2=85x10x12 Mc=10200k
Axial load(gravity)
P=30floorsx100x10x15/1000 P=450k
Ptot=P+MBx=450+10200x0.175 Ptot =2235k
UseW14x500 2490>2235
FramedTube
Assume
30-storysteel officebuilding.
Exterior columnsresist gravity
andlateral loads
DesignGroundfloor
ColumnKL=1.2x20 KL=24
Windpressure P=30psf
DL=80psf
LL=25psf (beams@50%)
LL=20psf (columns@40%)
=105psf (beams)
=100psf (columns)
5
Framed tube Prof Schierle 13
HVAC floor
HVAC floor
Lobby
Joists
M=wL
2
/8=(105psf x10/1000)x30
2
/8 M=118k
S=M/Fb=118kx12/22ksi S=64in
3
UseS18x54.7 89.4>64
Spandrel beams
V=(M
0
-M
1
)/B=(192821-174641)/110 V=165k
M=VL/2=165/(5x12) M=9,900k
S=M/Fb =9900/22ksi S=450in
3
UseW18x234 466>450
Baseshear
V=30psf x75x414/1000 V=932k
Overturnmoments
M
0
=30psfx75x414
2
/(2x1000) M
0
=192,821k
M
1
=30psfx75x394
2
/(2x1000) M
1
=174,641k
Vc=(L/2) V/B=5x932/110 Vc=42k
Mc=Vch/2=42x10x12 Mc=5040k
Gravityload
P=30floorsx25
2
x100/(3x1000) P=625k
Lateral load
P=M
0
/ B=192,821/110 P=1753k
P=625+1753 P=2378k
Ptot =P+MBx=2378+5040x0.17 Ptot =3235k
UseW14x665 3372>3235
Mid-wall-columns
Vc=LV/B=10x932/110 Vc=85k
Mc=Vch/2=85x10x12 Mc=10200k
Axial load(gravity)
P=30floorsx100x10x15/1000 P=450k
Ptot=P+MBx=450+10200x0.175 Ptot =2235k
UseW14x500 2490>2235
FramedTube
Assume
30-storysteel officebuilding.
Exterior columnsresist gravity
andlateral loads
DesignGroundfloor
ColumnKL=1.2x20 KL=24
Windpressure P=30psf
DL=80psf
LL=25psf (beams@50%)
LL=20psf (columns@40%)
=105psf (beams)
=100psf (columns)
Framed tube Prof Schierle 14
Steel structureweight
Structureweight per floor areadefinesefficiencyof steel structures.
For gravityloadalone, theweight increaseonlyslightlywithheight.
Lateral load, however, acceleratestheincreaseat anon-linear rate.
1 Structural weight vs. buildingheight byFazlur Kahn
2 Structural weight per floor areaof actual buildings
A Number of stories
B Structureweight inpsf (poundsper squarefoot)
C Structureweight inN/m
2
D Structureweight for floor framingonly
E Structureweight for gravityloadonly
F Structureweight for gravityandlateral optimized
G Structureweight for gravityandlateral not optimized
H EmpireStatebuildingNewYork
I Chrysler buildingNewYork
J WorldTradecenter NewYork
K Searstower Chicago
L PanAmbuildingNewYork
M UnitedNationsbuildingNewYork
N USSteel buildingPittsburgh
O JohnHancocktower Chicago
P First InterstatebuildingLosAngeles
Q SeagrambuildingNewYork
R AlcoabuildingPittsburgh
S AlcoabuildingSanFrancisco
T Bechtel buildingSanFrancisco
U BurlingtonHouseNewYork
V IDSCenter Minneapolis
W KoenigresidenceLosAngeles
Framed tube Prof Schierle 15
Tr agedy at Wor l d Tr ade Cent er