Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
new
= shape factor for reservoir being analyzed
C
A
ref
reference shape factor for well centered in a
circular drainage area (31.62)
D i initial decline rate, t I, day I
G
p
gas produced, L3, Mscf
Gp{tj = cumulative gas production, L3, Mscf
G
r
= recoverable gas to the point where average
reservoir pressure has equalized with the
constant BHFP, L3. MMscf
h = formation thickness, L, ft
k = formation permeability, L2, md
m = slope
p = average reservoir pressure, m/Lt2, psia
Pi initial reservoir pressure, m/Lt
2
, psia
Pp(Pi) = pseudopressure evaluated at initial reservoir
pressure, psia
2
/ cp
GAS RESERVOIR ENGINEERING
TABLE 9.15-PRODUCTION DATA FOR EXERCISE 9.9
Gas Flow Cumulative
Time Rate Production
(days) (MscflD) (MMscf)
9.3600 2.3828 x 10
3
1.1152 x 10
4
3.1570x 10' 2.3398 x 10
3
6.3596 x 10
4
5.8120 x 10' 1.7553 x 10
3
1.1796xl0
5
8.9970 x 10
1
1.8322 x 10
3
1.7509 X 10
5
1.1902x 10
2
1.5426 x 10
3
2.2411 X 105
1.4851 X 10
2
1.5806 X 10
3
2.7016x 105
1.6735 x 10
2
1.5557x 10
3
2.9970 x 105
2.0637 x 10
2
1.6765 x 10
3
3.6276 x 105
2.3026 x 10
2
1.3860 X 10
3
3.9935 x 10
5
2.6095 x 10
2
1.3642x 10
3
4.4155 x 105
2.8752 x 10
2
1.2979 x 10
3
4.7691 X 105
3.1507 X 10
2
1.2073x 10
3
5.1142x 105
3.4902 x 10
2
1.1948x 10
3
5.5220 x 105
3.7568 x 10
2
1.2296 x 10
3
5.8452 x 105
4.0699 x 10
2
1.1566xl03 6.2187x 105
4.2866 x 10
2
1.0575 x 10
3
6.4586 x 105
4.6685 x 10
2
1.0405 x 10
3
6.8592 x 10
5
5.0228 x 10
2
1.1328 x 10
3
7.2442 x 105
5.5418x 10
2
9.1560 x 10
2
7.7758 x 10
5
6.3506 x 10
2
9.2700 x 10
2
8.5209 x 105
6.8914x10
2
7.1210 X 10
2
8.9641 X 105
7.2847 X 10
2
8.3400 x 10
2
9.2682 x 105
7.5919 x 10
2
6.9290 x 10
2
9.5027 x 10
5
7.8924 x 10
2
7.7570 x 10
2
9.7234 x 105
8.6526 x 10
2
6.8210xl0
2
1.0277xl0
6
9.6914 X 10
2
7.0220 x 10
2
1.0996 x 10
6
1.0497x 10
3
6.7930 x 10
2
1.1553x 10
6
1.0565 x 10
3
6.1400x 10
2
1.1597 x 10
6
1.1445 x 10
3
5.8080 x 10
2
1.2123x 10
6
1.2761 x 10
3
5.1940 X 10
2
1.2847 x 10
6
1.3673 x 10
3
4.6970 x 10
2
1.3298 x 10
6
1.4530 X 10
3
5.7540 x 10
2
1.3745 x 10
6
1.5599 X 10
3
4.1080x 10
2
1.4272 x 10
6
1.6625 X 10
3
3.5310x 10
2
1.4665 x 10
6
1.7999x 10
3
3.5940 x 10
2
1.5154 x 10
6
1.8923xl0
3
4.0920 x 10
2
1.5509 x 10
6
2.1109 x 10
3
3.4600 x 10
2
1.6334 x 10
6
2.1527x 10
3
2.5400 x 10
2
1.6460x 10
6
2.3312 x 10
3
2.4990 x 10
2
1.6910 x 10
6
2.4654 X 10
3
2.7660 x 10
2
1.7263 x 10
6
2.4982 X 10
3
2.2090 x 10
2
1.7345 x 10
6
2.5832 x 10
3
2.3910x 10
2
1.7540 x 10
6
2.6923 x 10
3
1.9640 x 10
2
1.7778 x 10
6
2.8189 x 10
3
1.8470 X 10
2
1.8019 X 10
6
2.9301 X 10
3
2.1030 X 10
2
1.8238 x 10
6
3.1042x10
3
1.8910xl0
2
1.8586x 10
6
Pp(P"f) pseudopressure evaluated at constant BHFP, psia
2
/cp
Psc = pressure at standard conditions, m/Lt2, psia
P"f = bottomhole flowing pressure, m/Lt2, psia
q(t) == gas flow rate at time t, L3/t, MscflD
qD = dimensionless rate for Carter type curve
qDd = dimensionless decline rate for Fetkovich type curve
qi = initial surface gas flow rate at 1=0, L
3
/t, MscflD
QDd = dimensionless cumulative production
re = drainage radius, L, ft
r w wellbore radius, L, ft
rwa = apparent wellbore radius, L, ft
R = ratio of drainage radius to apparent well bore radius
5 = skin factor
t = time, t, days
tD = dimensionless time for Carter type curve
tDd = dimensionless decline time for Fetkovich type curve
T = bottomhole temperature, T, OR
Tsc = temperature at standard conditions, T, OR (5200R)
Vp = reservoir volume drained by well at beginning of
pseudosteady-state flow, L3, ft
3
z = gas z factor
at = first-order coefficient derived from series
expansion of dimensionless flow rate in terms of
first-order Bessel functions
DECLINE-CURVE ANALYSIS FOR GAS WELLS
1/ = transient-flow-period correlation parameter for
Carter type curve
A = boundary-dominated-flow-period correlation
parameter for Carter type curve
/L
g
== gas viscosity, miLt, cp
/Lg{ Pi) == gas viscosity evaluated at original reservoir pressure,
mILt, cp
() = fraction of 211" radius defining approximate
equivalent reservoir ring shape
q, == porosity, fraction
Subscripts
i initial
MP = match point
"1 :=; bottomhole flowing
References
I. Arps, J.J.: "Analysis of Decline Curves," Trans. , AIME (1945) 160,
228-47.
229
2. Campbell, 1.M.: Petroleum Reservoir Property Evaluation, Campbell
Petroleum Series, Nonnan (1973).
3. Thompson, R.S. and Wright, J.D.: Oil Property Evaluation, Thompson-
Wright Assocs., Golden, CO (1984).
4. Fetkovich, M.J.: "Decline Curve Analysis Using Type Curves," JPT
(June 1980) 1065-77.
5. Carter, R.D. "Type Curves for Finite Radial and Linear Gas-Flow
Systems: Constant-Terminal Pressure Case," SPEf (Oct. 1985) 719-28.
6. Fetkovich, M.l. et al.: "Decline-Curve Analysis Using Type Curves-
Case Histories," SPEFE (Dec. 1987) 637-56; Trans., AIME, 283.
7. AI-Hussainy, R., Ramey, H.J. Jr., and Crawford, P.B.: "The Flow
of Real Gases Through Porous Media," JPT (May 1966) 624-36;
Trans., AIME, 237.
8. Fetkovich, M.J. and Vienot, M.H.: "Shape Factor, C
A
, Expressed as
Skin, $01," JPT(Feb. 1985) 321-22.
9. Smith, R.V.: Practical Natural Gas Engineering, PennWell Publish-
ing Co., Tulsa, OK (1983).
10. Fraim, M.L. and Wattenbarger, R.A.: "Gas Reservoir Decline-Curve
Analysis Using Type Curves With Real Gas Pseudopressure and Nor-
malized Time," SPEFE (Dec. 1987) 671-82.