PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION OF

AQUA AMMONIA AUTO AIR CONDITIONER

SYSTEM USING EXHAUST WASTE
ENERGY









MA J I D K HA N
ME - 0 1 7 S E C # A
B . E ME C HA NI C A L
B A T C H 2 0 0 9 - 1 0

REFRIGERATION & AIR
CONDITIONING
Assignment #1:
Summary of the Research Article
Teacher: Dr. Nasiruddin Sheikh

PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION OF AQUA AMMONIA AUTO AIR
CONDITIONER SYSTEM USING EXHAUST WASTE ENERGY
INTRODUCTION:

During the period 2005 to 2009 Jordon was relatively poor in the production of conventional
energy resources like natural gas and crude oil. Huge amount of oil products were imported
to meet the energy demands, which in turn was bulky expensive. The only long term security
requirement of Jordan was to reduce its dependency on conventional energy resources and
moved towards some alternative energy sources such as waste energy. In this regard a no. of
experiments were performed on large scale to design air conditioning system of vehicles with
their waste energy.
This research article is also based on one of the experimental study that was conducted at
Tafilia Technical University in Jordan. It examines the performance and feasibility of aqua
ammonia absorption system for automobile air conditioning. It also discusses different
aspects of absorption system such as environmental impact, fuel economy of vehicles and
recovery of waste energy.
OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the feasibility of automobile air conditioning system utilizing waste heat from
exhaust and to study its advantages over the conventional air-conditioning system.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS:
Experiment was performed on four cylinder diesel engine in laboratory of Tafilia University.
A) Design factors:
Several design factors must be considered in designing of automobile air conditioning:
Air conditioner should provide comfort cooling to the passengers at different ambient
conditions. Cooling load factors are constantly changes as the automobile moves at different
speeds and through various surroundings. Also Infiltration rate into the car increases with its
speed which results increase in heat transfer with the outdoor. Moreover the size of the air-
conditioning system is of crucial importance because of the limited space in vehicles.
B) Analysis:
Through several experiments the cooling load for temperature difference between 40C and
20C for automobile of 5 passengers is found to be 4.8 kW (equivalent to 1.37 ton
refrigeration).Therefore from load calculations, the cooling capacity or heat that must be
removed from the evaporator space is nearly 5 kW.
C) Calculation:
Generator of absorption cycle is a shell and tube heat exchanger in which water pass through
tubes and hot gases through shell. The waste heat form hot exhaust gases transferred to water
is given by:


Schematic of Aqua ammonia absorption cycle

The coefficient of performance (COP) of cycle is
D) System design:
Major components of absorption cycle are Generator, condenser, evaporator and absorber.
Generator is used instead of compressor of conventional cycle and is located where heat from
exhaust gases is available. Here its design has following parameters:
Capacity: 4.8kw
Temperature & Pressure: 90oC & 19bar
Available space: 50cm long. 25cm wide, 15 cm high
Overall heat transfer coefficient U: 7.19W/m2k
By Calculation, total heat transfer area A is found 0.3978m2, which represent 6.6m long
tubes.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Evaluation of available energy in exhaust requires the knowledge of engine performance on
different parameters such as engine rpm, exhaust temperature and exhaust flow rate. The
effect of these parameters is discussed below:

As the engine speed increases the flow gases temperature and flow rates and hence energy
available in exhaust will increase i.e. engine speed directly affect the performance of the
air conditioning unit.

Generator temperature, generator capacity and the refrigeration effect increases with the
increase in engine speed.


COP mainly depends on the evaporation and regeneration energies. Changing any one of
them will change the COP. It also increases slightly by increasing the evaporator
temperature.

Condenser temperature has reverse effect on the COP. Increasing the condenser
temperature will increase rate of heat rejected from the condenser and this will lead to
large heat gain required in the evaporator.

It is clear from above results that the proposed system is feasible for commercial
incorporation into vehicles with remarkable reduction in fuel and power consumption. It can
lower the cost of operation and engine emissions. A small draw back is size and weight of
system but in spite of this, the system would lead to extraordinary fuel saving. Moreover; the
system would replace the environmentally harmful refrigerants employed in existing air
conditioning systems.
Thus proposed system require further researched for reduction in components size to enable
its incorporation in future automobiles.
CONCLUSION:
In this experimental research, Aqua ammonia auto air conditioner system is visualized and
investigated and then following conclusion is drawn:

Air conditioning of automobile by absorption system with aqua ammonia as refrigerant is
practically as well economically feasible.

The exhaust gas is confirmed as a potential power source for this absorption system.

Introduction of the absorption system in the engine exhaust system does not cause
significant pressure drop in the exhaust flow, as the engine output power is increased and
specific fuel consumption is decreased with removal of other exhaust system components.

Overall, carbon monoxide emission is decreased when the absorption refrigerator is
installed in the exhaust gas, So Changes in exhaust components concentration is a
consequence of the major modifications in the exhaust system.

Smooth operation of absorption system provides low maintenance, give high reliability
and cut down the compressor noise.