Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers

1. Which of the following is NOT involved in inar! fission in pro"ar!otes#

a. Replication of $NA
. %longation of the cell
c. &eparation of da'ghter cells ! sept'( for(ation
d. Asse(l! of the n'clear envelope
The correct answer is d)
A. Answer a is incorrect. There ('st e two copies of the cell*s genetic (aterial in order for
cell division to occ'r. +oth da'ghter cells need their own cop! of the parent cell*s $NA.
The correct answer is d)
+. Answer is incorrect. %longation is a necessar! step to increase cell vol'(e and
event'all! divide into two new da'ghter cells.
The correct answer is d,)
C. Answer c is incorrect. +inar! fission is not co(plete 'ntil the parent cell has divided into
two da'ghter cells. This process occ'rs thro'gh the for(ation of a sept'( in pro"ar!otic
cells.
The correct answer is d)Asse(l! of the n'clear envelope
$. -ro"ar!otic cells do not possess internal (e(ranes. Their $NA e.ists within the
c!toplas( and is not contained in a n'clear envelope.
/. Chro(atin is co(posed of)
a. RNA and protein
. $NA and protein
c. sister chro(atids
d. chro(oso(es
The correct answer is )
A. Answer a is incorrect. Altho'gh RNA is associated with chro(oso(es0 the ter(
chromatin refers to the (aterial that ph!sicall! (a"es 'p the chro(oso(e0 which is $NA
and protein.
The correct answer is )$NA and protein
+. Answer is correct. When $NA inds with histone proteins it for(s chro(atin.
The correct answer is )
C. Answer c is incorrect. &ister chro(atids are co(posed of chro(atin0 not the other wa!
aro'nd.
The correct answer is )
$. Answer d is incorrect. Chro(oso(es are co(posed of chro(atin.
1. What is a n'cleoso(e#
a. 2t is a region in the cell*s n'cle's that contains e'chro(atin.
. 2t is a region of $NA wo'nd aro'nd a collection of histone proteins.
c. 2t is a region of a chro(oso(e (ade 'p of ('ltiple loops of chro(atin.
d. 2t is 10-n( fier fo'nd in chro(atin.
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers
The correct answer is )
A. Answer a is incorrect. %'chro(atin refers to regions of $NA that are activel! e.pressed
3transcried into RNA4 in the cell*s n'cle's.
The correct answer is )2t is a region of $NA wo'nd aro'nd a collection of histone proteins.
+. Answer is correct. The histones proteins f'nction to coil the $NA and help pac"age the
$NA within the n'cle's.
The correct answer is )
C. Answer c is incorrect. The ('ltiple radial loops of a chro(oso(e involve the 10-n( fier
that alread! contains the n'cleoso(e str'ct'res. The! contri'te to the larger overall
str'ct're of the chro(oso(e.
The correct answer is )
$. Answer d is incorrect. The 10-n( fier represents the larger folding of the n'cleoso(es
into solenoid coils.
5. 6ow do sister chromatids differ fro( homologous chromosomes#
a. &ister chro(atids onl! represent the (aternal genetic contri'tion.
. 6o(ologo's chro(oso(es are e.act copies0 't sister chro(atids are 7'st si(ilar.
c. 6o(ologo's chro(oso(es are si(ilar0 't sister chro(atids are e.act copies.
d. &ister chro(atids represent onl! half the genetic infor(ation stored in a
chro(oso(e.
The correct answer c)
A. Answer a is incorrect. The ter( sister refers to the fact that these strands of $NA are
derived fro( the sa(e 8parent9 strand of $NA.
The correct answer c)
+. Answer is incorrect. The ho(ologo's chro(oso(es represent the (aternal and paternal
contri'tions to an organis(*s geno(e. The! are not identical.
The correct answer c)6o(ologo's chro(oso(es are si(ilar0 't sister chro(atids are e.act
copies.
C. Answer c is correct. The sister chro(atids are for(ed when the $NA is replicated. The!
are e.act copies.
The correct answer c)
$. Answer d is incorrect. The sister chro(atids are copies of the cell*s $NA. The two
chro(atids are identical and contain all the infor(ation for an! one chro(oso(e.
:. What is the role of cohesin proteins in cell division#
a. The! organi;e the $NA of the chro(oso(es into highl! condensed str'ct'res.
. The! hold the $NA of the sister chro(atids together.
c. The! help the cell divide into two da'ghter cells.
d. The! hold the (icrot''les onto the chro(oso(e.
The correct answer is )
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers
A. Answer a is incorrect. Condensin is the protein tho'ght to e responsile for the
condensation of chro(oso(es.
The correct answer is )The! hold the $NA of the sister chro(atids together.
+. Answer is correct. The cohesin protein lin"s the two sister chro(atids together. Cohesin
is concentrated at the centro(ere in condensed chro(oso(es.
The correct answer is )
C. Answer c is incorrect. The ph!sical separation of the cell into two da'ghter cells is called
c!to"inesis.
The correct answer is )
$. Answer d is incorrect. The "inetochore is the str'ct're responsile for lin"ing
(icrot''les to sister chro(atids.
<. Replication of the organelles of the e'"ar!otic cell occ'rs d'ring)
a. interphase
. =
1
c. &
d. =
/
The correct answer is d)
A. Answer a is incorrect. The ter( interphase refers to all phases of the cell c!cle other than
(itosis. Organelle replication does occ'r d'ring this ti(e> however0 there is a (ore
precise answer possile.
The correct answer is d)
+. Answer is incorrect. ?an! cell'lar processes occ'r d'ring =
1
> however0 organelle
replication is not associated with this phase.
The correct answer is d)
C. Answer c is incorrect. & phase is associated with $NA replication.
The correct answer is d)=
/
$. Answer d is correct. Organelles replicate d'ring =
/
in preparation for cell division.
@. Replicated copies of each chro(oso(e are calledAAAAAAA and are connected at the
AAAAAAAAA.
a. ho(olog'es> centro(ere
. sister chro(atids> "inetochores
c. sister chro(atids> centro(ere
d. ho(olog'es> "inetochore
The correct answer is c)
A. Answer a is incorrect. The $NA copies generated d'ring & phase for( the sister
chro(atids. The! are0 however0 held together ! the centro(ere.
The correct answer is c)
+. Answer is incorrect. The $NA copies generated d'ring & phase do for( the sister
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers
chro(atids> however0 the "inetochores f'nction to lin" the chro(atids to (icrot''les0
not to each other.
The correct answer is c)sister chro(atids> centro(ere
C. Answer c is correct. & phase replicates the $NA to for( the sister chro(atids. The
chro(atids are connected to each other ! the centro(ere.
The correct answer is c)
$. Answer d is incorrect. The ho(ologo's chro(oso(es are separate strands of $NA and
not copies. Binetochores lin" the chro(atids to (icrot''les and not to each other.
C. Binetochores are associated with which of the following on a sister chro(atid#
a. Centro(ere
. Centriole
c. Condensation
d. Cohesion
The correct answer is a)Centro(ere
A. Answer a is correct. The centro(ere is the point along the chro(oso(e where the two
sister chro(atids are connected and where the (icrot''les connect via the "inetochore.
The correct answer is a)
+. Answer is incorrect. The centriole is a (icrot''le str'ct're that organi;es the (itotic
spindle. 2t is not part of the chro(atids.
The correct answer is a)
C. Answer c is incorrect. Condensation is the pac"aging of the cell*s $NA into
chro(oso(es.
The correct answer is a)
$. Answer d is incorrect. Cohesion lin"s the two sister chro(atids0 't is independent of the
presence of the "inetochores.
D. &eparation of the sister chro(atids and elongation of the cell occ'rs d'ring)
a. prophase
. pro(etaphase
c. anaphase
d. telophase
The correct answer is c)
A. Answer a is incorrect. The n'clear envelope rea"s down0 and the (itotic spindles for(
d'ring prophase. The sister chro(atids are still connected.
The correct answer is c)
+. Answer is incorrect. -ro(etaphase is a ti(e when chro(oso(es are attaching to and
(oving along the (itotic spindle. The sister chro(atids are still connected.
The correct answer is c)anaphase
C. Answer c is correct. The cohesin proteins holding the two chro(atids together are severed
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers
d'ring anaphase. This allows the spindle (icrot''les to p'll the two chro(atids apart
while also ca'sing the cell to elongate.
The correct answer is c)
$. Answer d is incorrect. The n'clear envelope refor(s d'ring telophase0 and the (itotic
spindle disasse(les. The separation of the sister chro(atids and elongation of the cell
has alread! occ'rred.
10. Wh! is c!to"inesis an i(portant part of cell division#
a. 2t is responsile for the proper separation of genetic infor(ation.
. 2t is responsile for the proper separation of the c!toplas(ic contents.
c. 2t triggers the (ove(ent of a cell thro'gh the cell c!cle.
d. 2t is responsile for the elongation of the cell.
The correct answer is )
A. Answer a is incorrect. The proper separation of the genetic infor(ation in a cell depends
on the (icrot''le spindle.
The correct answer is )2t is responsile for the proper separation of the c!toplas(ic contents.
+. Answer is correct. C!to"inesis is the process that pinches the cell in two0 distri'ting
the c!toplas( etween the two da'ghter cells.
The correct answer is )
C. Answer c is incorrect. The reg'lation of the cell c!cle is controlled ! proteins called
c!clins and the associated c!clin-dependent "inases.
The correct answer is )
$. Answer d is incorrect. %longation of the cell occ'rs independentl! of the process of
c!to"inesis.
11. At which stage in the cell c!cle does a cell (a"e a co((it(ent to 'ndergo cell division#
a. At the =
1
/& chec"point
. At the =
/
/? chec"point
c. At the spindle chec"point
d. At c!to"inesis
The correct answer is a)At the =
1
/& chec"point
A. Answer a is correct. Once a cell has passed the =
1
chec"point and has replicated its $NA
3in & phase40 it ('st 'ndergo cell division to separate those $NA copies into da'ghter
cells.
The correct answer is a)
+. Answer is not correct. The =
/
/? chec"point is an i(portant step that leads to (itosis>
however0 the cell can onl! reach this step if it has alread! replicated its $NA.
The correct answer is a)
C. Answer c is incorrect. The spindle chec"point is an i(portant step that ens'res that the
sister chro(atids are properl! segregated into the da'ghter cells> however0 the cell wo'ld
not reach this stage if it had not replicated its $NA.
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers
The correct answer is a)
$. Answer d is incorrect. C!to"inesis is the ph!sical separation of the two da'ghter cells>
however0 a cell wo'ld not reach this stage witho't first co((itting to & phase.
1/. 6ow is the activit! of c!clin-dependent "inases 3Cd"*s4 reg'lated#
a. -resence or asence of c!clins
. -hosphor!lation
c. =rowth factors
d. All of the aove
The correct answer is d)
A. Answer a is incorrect. Cd" activit! reE'ires the presence of c!clins> however0 other
(echanis(s reg'late the activit!.
The correct answer is d)
+. Answer is incorrect. -hosphor!lation is an i(portant reg'lator! (echanis( for Cd"0 't
it is not the onl! one.
The correct answer is d)
C. Answer c is incorrect. =rowth factors can infl'ence the activit! of Cd" ! altering the
e.pression of c!clins> however0 other (echanis(s are involved in its reg'lation.
The correct answer is d)All of the aove
$. Answer d is correct. All of the (echanis(s listed aove pla! a role in reg'lating Cd".
11. Wh! is the f'nction of the protein p:1 i(portant for preventing cancer#
a. 2t ens'res that the chro(oso(es are properl! aligned for anaphase.
. 2t integrates signals in the cell leading to the prod'ction of c!clins.
c. 2t chec"s for $NA da(age efore allowing replication d'ring & phase.
d. 2t f'nctions as a phosphatase0 re(oving phosphates to reg'late Cd".
The correct answer is c)
A. Answer a is incorrect. Align(ent of the chro(oso(es at anaphase is i(portant for the
proper segregation of sister chro(atids to the two da'ghter cells. This process involves
the anaphase-pro(oting co(ple..
The correct answer is c)
+. Answer is incorrect. 2ntegration of cell signals is the 7o of proteins li"e R that interact
oth with transcription factors and Cd".
The correct answer is c)2t chec"s for $NA da(age efore allowing replication d'ring & phase.
C. Answer c is correct. The role of p:1 protein is specific to =
1
. The activit! of p:1 prevents
the replication of da(aged $NA that (ight lead to cancer.
The correct answer is c)
$. Answer d is incorrect. -hosphatases 3en;!(es that re(ove phosphate gro'ps4 are
i(portant in the reg'lation of the cell c!cle> however0 p:1 is not a phosphatase.
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers
15. What is a protooncogene#
a. A ('tant gene associated with the cell c!cle that lead to cancer
. A nor(al gene that can res'lt in cancer if it eco(es ('tated
c. A gene introd'ced into a cell that can ca'se cancer
d. A gene that s'ppresses 'nreg'lated cell divisions
The correct answer is )
A. Answer a is incorrect. ?'tant genes associated with cancer are called oncogenes.
The correct answer is )A nor(al gene that can res'lt in cancer if it eco(es ('tated
+. Answer is correct. -rotooncogenes are nor(al genes that have the potential to ca'se
cancer if the! eco(e ('tated.
The correct answer is )
C. Answer c is incorrect. A protooncogene is one that is nor(all! present in the cell. 2t is not
introd'ced fro( an o'tside so'rce.
The correct answer is )
$. Answer d is incorrect. =enes that help to s'ppress 'ncontrolled cell division are called
t'(or-s'ppressor genes.
Challenge F'estions
1. Reg'lation of the cell c!cle is ver! co(ple. and involves ('ltiple proteins0 all interacting
to control the process of cell division. ?-G is the c!clin-Cd" co(ple. that is responsile
for (oving the cell past the =
/
/? chec"point. The activit! of the c!clin-dependent "inase
of ?-G is reg'lated ! phosphor!lation. Cd" is inhiited when it is phosphor!lated ! the
"inase0 Wee-1. -redict what wo'ld happen to a cell if Wee-1 were asent.
Answer)2f Wee-1 were asent then there wo'ld e no wa! for the cell to phosphor!late Cd". 2f
Cd" is not phosphor!lated0 then it cannot e inhiited. 2f Cd" is not inhiited0 then it will re(ain
active. 2f Cd" re(ains active0 then it will contin'e to signal the cell to (ove thro'gh the =
/
/?
chec"point0 't now in an 'nreg'lated (anner. The cells wo'ld 'ndergo ('ltiple ro'nds of cell
division witho't the growth associated with =
/
. As a conseE'ence0 the da'ghter cells will eco(e
s(aller and s(aller with each division)hence the na(e of the proteinH
/. Review !o'r "nowledge of signaling pathwa!s 3chapter D4. Create an o'tline ill'strating
how a growth factor 3ligand4 can lead to the prod'ction of a c!clin protein that wo'ld
trigger & phase.
Answer)
=rowth factor I ligand
1. Jigand inds to receptor 3the growth factor will ind to a growth factor
receptor4.
/. A signal is transd'ced 3carried4 into the c!toplas(.
1. A signal cascade is triggered. ?'ltiple inter(ediate proteins or second
(essengers will e affected.
5. A transcription factor will e activated to ind to a specific site on the $NA.
Raven/Johnson Biology 8e Chapter 10 - Answers
:. Transcription occ'rs and the (RNA enters the c!toplas(.
<. The (RNA is translated and a protein is for(ed.
@. The protein f'nctions within the c!toplas()possil! triggering & phase.
2f !o' st'd! Gig're 10.// !o' will see a si(ilar pathwa! for the for(ation of & phase proteins
following receptor,ligand inding ! a growth factor. 2n this diagra( vario's proteins in the
signaling pathwa! eco(e phosphor!lated and then dephosphor!lated. Klti(atel!0 the R protein
that reg'lated the transcription factor %/G eco(es phosphor!lated. This releases the %/G and
allows it to ind to the gene for & phase proteins and c!clins.