The Unrecognized Rights of Sex Workers

By: Shreya Kumar

INTROU!TION
"rostitution# often referred to as $the %or&d's o&dest (rofession) is a&so (ossi*&y
one of the most de*ated and contro+ersia& issues in societies today, Socia& contro& of
(rostitution is (ro*&ematic and e+en t%o decades after the (u*&ication of $The Wor&d
!harter or "rostitutes' Rights#) sex %orkers in many societies continue to *e considered
outcasts# crimina&s and de+iants,
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Because they can't seek &ega& redress# sex %orkers
*ecome easy target for crimes such as (hysica& a*use# ra(e# and e+en murder,
Issues such as the a*o&ition# &ega&ization# and decrimina&ization of (rostitution are
+ery (o&arized# ho%e+er# in this (a(er I %i&& argue that neither &ega&ization nor the
a*o&ition of (rostitution is in the *est interest of sex %orkers. instead# sex %ork needs to
*e decrimina&ized for rights of sex %orkers to *e recognized and their (hysica& and
(sycho&ogica& hea&th to *e res(ected, In order to (ro+e this# %e must first understand %hy
it is difficu&t to reach a consensus on sex %ork and the rights sex %orkers are entit&ed to,
T/0 TWO I10R20NT "0RS"0!TI10S ON S03 WORK
4i*era& thinkers recognize that there is a distinction *et%een +o&untary sex %ork
and forced sex %ork %hich resu&ts from trafficking, Kate Butcher# in her artic&e tit&ed#
$!onfusion *et%een "rostitution and Sex Trafficking#) defines (rostitution as $the sa&e of
-
Saunders# "ene&o(e, 56ifteen 7ears 8fter The Wor&d !harter for "rostitutes9 Rights,5 /uman
Rights ia&ogue :nd ser, ;Summer :<<<=: >, /uman Rights ia&ogue ;-??@ A :<<<=, B 8ug, :<<<, !arnegie
!ounci&, :> Oct, :<<? htt(:CC%%%,cceia,orgCresourcesC(u*&icationsCdia&ogueC:D<ECindex,htm&
-
sex# *y no means necessari&y %ithout consent or %ith coercion,)
:
This is different from
trafficking as trafficking is coerci+e, The t%o are different and cannot *e merged together
as they unfortunate&y often are, Foreo+er sex %orkers are not a $homogenous) grou(,
Women# men# e+en chi&dren enter the (rofession for different reasons and not a&& are
through coercion,
E
The O((onents of the aforementioned +ie% *e&ie+e that (rostitution is
$ex(&oitati+e)
G
# some feminists a&so *e&ie+e that in a (atriarcha& society# (rostitution
further stratifies %omen %here the $commoditization of fema&e sexua&ity contri*utes to
%omen9s de+a&uation and o*Hectification)
@
, They *e&ie+e in the eradication of (rostitution
on the grounds that it is immora& and unethica&, 8ccording to them# the term +o&untary
sex %ork Hust creates confusion *ecause it im(&ies that some sex %orkers are %orking *y
choice %hen it's rea&&y *ecause they ha+e no other o(tion to sur+i+e. the term $sex %ork)
im(&ies that this is actua&&y a (rofession rather than an act of +io&ence and su*ordination,
B
"rostitution is seen as an act %hich &eads to su*ordination *ecause it im(&ies that humans
can *e *ought and so&d and in this res(ect is often com(ared to s&a+ery,
Because of this onAgoing de*ate o+er %hether (rostitution shou&d *e eradicated or
acce(ted for %hat it is# the issue of the hea&th and rights of sex %orkers ends u( *eing
:
Butcher# Kate 5!onfusion *et%een (rostitution and sex trafficking,5 4ancet EB-,?E>E ;:<<E=:
-?IE, 8cademic Search "remier, 0BS!O, We*, I Oct, :<<?,
E
UN 8IS InterA8gency Task Team on 2ender and /I1C8IS# com(, /I1C8IS# 2ender# and
Sex Work, 6act Sheet ?, UN8IS, :: Oct, :<<? htt(:CC%%%,unf(a,orgChi+CdocsCfactsheetDgender%ork,(df
G
Kem(adoo# Kama&a# ed, 2&o*a& Sex Workers Rights# Resistance# and Redefinition, Ne% 7ork:
Rout&edge# -??I, >,
@
a+is# Nanette J, "rostitution: 8n Internationa& /and*ook on Trends# "ro*&ems# and "o&icies,
Ne% 7ork: 2reen%ood "ress# -??E, -,
B
6ar&ey# Fe&issa, 5"rostitution and the In+isi*i&ity of /arm,5 Women K Thera(y ECG ;:<<E=: :G>A
I<, "rostitution Research and 0ducation, :: Oct, :<<? htt(:CC%%%,(rostitutionresearch,comC6ar&ey
"rostitutionL:BIn+isi*&e/arm:<<E,(df
:
o+ershado%ed, 7et# the di+ergence on sex %ork does not end %ith the mora& (ers(ecti+es
descri*ed a*o+e, In addition to this# there is disagreement o+er %hich &ega& a((roach
shou&d *e a((&ied to sex %ork, The fo&&o%ing section touches u(on sex %ork and ho% it
figures in Internationa& 4a%,
S03 WORK 8N T/0 48W: 8BO4ITION# 0!RIFINI4IM8TION K 40284IM8TION
There are three main a((roaches to%ards sex %ork, Abolition refers to the
com(&ete e&imination of sex %ork and the a*o&ition of (rostitution in any form inc&uding
+o&untary (rostitution,
>
Decriminalization refers to the remo+a& of &a%s against sex %ork
s(ecifica&&y a&& &a%s against consensua& sex %ork,
I
Legalization refers to the go+ernment
regu&ation of (rostitutes, In a state %here (rostitution is &ega&ized# sex %orkers are gi+en
&icense to (ractice and (ay regu&ar taxes,
?

In -?I@# the Internationa& !ommittee for "rostitutes' Rights ;I!"R= re&eased $The
Wor&d !harter for "rostitutes' Rights,) Stemming from the mid -?><s sex %orkers
mo+ements# this charter uti&ized a human rights *ased a((roach to%ards (rostitution,
The charter aims to guarantee sex %orkers a&& human rights and ci+i& &i*erties such as
freedom of s(eech# unem(&oyment insurance etc,
-<
/o%e+er# in their artic&e $"rostitution# "u*&ic /ea&th# and /uman Rights 4a%#)
4off# 2aze# and 6air&ey argue that internationa& &a% that dea&s %ith (rostitution targets
>
Thukra&# Juhu, 5!rime,5 0ncyc&o(edia of "rostitution and Sex Work NT%o 1o&umesO, By Fe&issa
/o(e itmore, 1o&, I, Ne% 7ork: 2reen%ood "# :<<B, -:E,
I
Thukra&# Juhu, 5!rime,5 -:E,
?
K&inger# Kim*er&y, 5"rostitution humanism and a %oman9s choice, ;"ers(ecti+es on "rostitution=5
The 6ree 4i*rary <- January :<<E, :: Octo*er :<<? htt(:CC%%%,thefree&i*rary,comC
"rostitution humanism and a %oman9s choice, ;"ers(ecti+es on,,,Aa<?BG->-G?P
-<
Wor&d !harter 6or "rostitutes9 Rights,5 Socia& 8&ternati+es -I,E ;-???=: E-, 8cademic Search
"remier, 0BS!O, We*, -I Oct, :<<?
E
on&y trafficking and forced (rostitution,
--
8ccording to them# sex %orkers are entit&ed to
*asic human rights ho%e+er the com(&exity of their &ega& status doesn't guarantee them
these rights, They c&aim that# $no internationa& treaties (romote the rights of %i&&ing sex
%orkers,)
-:
This i&&ustrates that Internationa& 4a% fai&s to inter(ret sex %ork ho&istica&&y,
It +ie%s sex %ork as resu&t of trafficking and disregards the conce(t of +o&untary sex
%ork,
Since Internationa& &a% does not (ro+ide a c&ear method on ho% to dea& %ith sex
%ork# domestic &a%s go+ern %hether sex %ork is (rohi*ited# decrimina&ized# or &ega&ized
%ithin a (articu&ar nation state, The next section examines %hich a((roach %orks in the
*est interest of sex %orkers,
W/I!/ IS T/0 B0TT0R 8""RO8!/Q
8*o&itionists ha+e constant&y stated that (rostitution is (hysica&&y# socia&&y# and
(sycho&ogica&&y harmfu&,
-E
To *egin %ith# their maHor arguments need to *e examined,
Abolitionist Criticisms of Legalization & Decrimalization
8*o&itionists *e&ie+e that the &ega&ization and decrimina&ization of (rostitution
ex(ands the sex industry and conseRuent&y &eads to the increase in sexua& trafficking,
-G
--
4off# Be*e# Beth 2aze# and !hristo(her 6air&ey 5"rostitution# (u*&ic hea&th# and humanArights
&a%,5 4ancet E@B,?:GE ;:<<<=: ->BG, 8cademic Search "remier, 0BS!O, We*, -I Oct, :<<?
-:
4off# Be*e# Beth 2aze# and !hristo(her 6air&ey 5"rostitution# (u*&ic hea&th# and humanArights
&a%,5
-E
6ar&ey# Fe&issa, $SBad for the Body# Bad for the /eart' "rostitution /arms Women 0+en if
4ega&ized or ecrimina&ized,)1io&ence 8gainst Women -< ;:<<G=: -<I>
-G
Raymond# Janice 2, $Ten Reasons for Not 4ega&izing "rostitution 8nd a 4ega& Res(onse to the
emand for "rostitution,) Journa& of Trauma "ractice : ;:<<E=: E-@AEE:, 0m*race ignity, :G No+, :<<?
htt(:CC%%%,em*racedignity,orgCu(&oadsC-<reasons,(df
G
The case study of 1ictoria# 8ustra&ia is often used to su((ort their c&aims, In -?IG#
"rostitution %as &ega&ized in 1ictoria# 8ustra&ia to minimize the harm and to reduce the
risks of sex %ork# ho%e+er# &ega&ization &ead to ex(ansion of the sex industry,
-@
The same
is true in the Nether&ands, 8ccording to statistics# %ithin the (ast decade# the sex industry
in the Nether&ands has increased *y :@L and as much as I<L of the sex %orkers are
trafficked from other countries,
-B
8nother maHor argument is that &ega&ization and decrimina&ization neither (rotect
sex %orkers nor (romote their hea&th, 8*o&itionists c&aim that &ega& *rothe&s did not
em(o%er the sex %orkers *ut instead em(o%ered their (im(s as the (im(s cou&d no% ca&&
themse&+es &egitimate $entre(reneurs),
->
They criticize the c&aim that &ega&ization and
decrimina&ization mean greater safety for the sex %orkers *y stating that it is im(ossi*&e
to (rotect someone %hose Ho* consists of getting ra(ed e+eryday,
-I
6urthermore#
a*o&itionists use the case of Ne% Mea&and to i&&ustrate that the a*i&ity to seek &ega& redress
does not im(ro+e a sex %orker's &ife as sex %orkers rare&y take &ega& action *ecause it
stri(s a%ay their anonymity,
-?
The desire to remain anonymous is the reason %hy sex
%orkers in the Nether&ands are re&uctant to officia&&y register themse&+es e+en though it
%ou&d gi+e them *enefits and %hy sex %orkers in 2ermany a+oided unionizing,
:<
-@
Su&&i+an# F, K Jeffreys S, $4ega&izing "rostitution is Not the 8ns%er: The 0xam(&e of 1ictoria#
8ustra&ia,) !oa&ition 8gainst Trafficking in Women, Thtt(:CCaction,%e*,caChomeCcat%CattachC8USTR84I8
&egis&ation:<<<-,(dfP
-B
Raymond# Janice 2, $Ten Reasons for Not 4ega&izing "rostitutionU)
->
Su&&i+an# F, K Jeffreys S, $4ega&izing "rostitution is Not the 8ns%erU)
-I
6ar&ey# Fe&issa, $SBad for the Body# Bad for the /eartU) -<?B,
-?
6ar&ey# Fe&issa, $SBad for the Body# Bad for the /eart) -<?E,
:<
6ar&ey# Fe&issa, $SBad for the Body# Bad for the /eart) -<?G,
@
When it comes to the issue of the hea&th of sex %orkers# a*o&itionists c&aim that in
a &ega&ized system# hea&th checks for STs are on&y mandatory for the sex %orkers and
not for the Hohns,
:-
Therefore# the hea&th checks that are made mandatory in a &ega&ized
system do not (rotect the sex %orkers from disease, 8nother interesting argument is that
the (ro(onents of &ega&ization and decrimina&ization on&y focus on the (hysica& a*use that
sex %orkers suffer from and com(&ete&y a*use the (sycho&ogica& a*use,
::
/o% can
decrimina&ization and &ega&ization (rotect sex %orkers from +er*a& a*use# &oss of se&fA
res(ect# (ostAtraumatic stress disorderQ These are on&y some of the (sycho&ogica& a*uses
that a*o&itionists *e&ie+e are inherent in sex %ork,
Decriminalization
6irst and foremost# most a*o&itionist %ritings grou( 4ega&ization and
ecrimina&ization together, Often in their discourse# &ega&ization and decrimina&ization
are %ritten as $4ega&izationCecrimina&ization) %hich connotes that these t%o conce(ts
are the same and that they *oth yie&d simi&ar resu&ts, /o%e+er# this is not the case,
4ega&ization and decrimina&ization are different conce(ts, Though they *oth in+o&+e the
remo+a& of &a%s against sex %ork# it is im(ortant to remem*er that decrimina&ization does
not necessari&y entai& the go+ernment regu&ation of sex %ork as &ega&ization does,
:E
There
exist nations %here sex %ork is decrimina&ized *ut not &ega&ized, 6or exam(&e# in
S%eden# a&& &a%s that (unish the se&&ing of sex ha+e *een re(ea&ed and instead the
:-
Raymond# Janice 2, $Ten Reasons for Not 4ega&izing "rostitution)
::
6ar&ey# Fe&issa, $SBad for the Body# Bad for the /eart) --<G,
:E
K&inger# Kim*er&y, 5"rostitution humanism and a %oman9s choice)
B
(urchase of sex has *een crimina&ized,
:G
8*o&itionists make fine arguments against the
&ega&ization of (rostitution. ho%e+er they fai& to se(arate decrimina&ization from
&ega&ization, Their arguments focus around criticizing countries that ha+e &ega&ized sex
%ork# yet they don't offer any e+idence that %ou&d suggest that decrimina&ization %ithout
&ega&ization is a&so harmfu& to%ards sex %orkers, 6or exam(&e# a*o&itionists ha+e gi+en
e+idence that &ega&ization has ex(anded the sex industries in the Nether&ands and
1ictoria# 8ustra&ia# yet %hether decrimina&ization yie&ds the same resu&ts is not (resented,
8*o&itionists ha+e a&so argued that &ega&ization and decrimina&ization don't
(rotect sex %orkers *ecause it is in the nature of sex %ork to *e harmfu& and more
im(ortant&y sex %orkers (refer to remain anonymous and therefore don't seek &ega&
redress, /o%e+er# this is not a good enough argument to e&iminate decrimina&ization,
ecrimina&ization offers sex %orkers the choice to seek &ega& redress# %hether they are
doing so is another matter, 8*o&itionists need to ans%er ho% it %ou&d *enefit the sex
%orkers if they aren't e+en gi+en the o(tion to remedy their a*uses &ega&&y, Taking a%ay
this a*i&ity to exercise choice is a +io&ation of the rights of not Hust sex %orkers *ut
human *eings in genera&,
4ast&y# a*o&itionists ha+e c&aimed that decrimina&ization does not *enefit the
hea&th of sex %orkers as hea&th checks are on&y mandatory for the sex %orkers and not the
Hohns# therefore it doesn't (rotect the sex %orkers from disease, 8&so# they c&aim that sex
%orkers suffer from (sycho&ogica& a*uses %hich aren't e+en accounted for *y the
(ro(onents of decrimina&ization, /o%e+er# a*o&itionists do not ex(&ain ho%
crimina&ization of (rostitution %i&& ha+e a *etter effect on the hea&th of sex %orkers, The
:G
Ki&+ington# Judith# So(hie ay# and /e&en Ward, 5"rostitution "o&icy in 0uro(e: 8 Time of
!hangeQ5 6eminist Re+ie% B> ;S(ring :<<-=: IE,
>
S%edish 2o+ernment# %hich has ado(ted the decrimina&ization of sex %ork# states that
e+en though $(rostitution is not a desira*&e socia& (henomenonUit is not reasona*&e to
(unish the (erson %ho se&&s a sexua& ser+ice, In the maHority of cases at &east# this (erson
is a %eaker (artner %ho is ex(&oitedU)
:@
This Ruote demonstrates a more rea&istic %ay of
understanding sex %ork, 8s a*o&itionists *e&ie+e# sex %orkers do face a host (hysica& and
(sycho&ogica& a*uses *ecause of their (rofession# ho%e+er# crimina&izing them %i&& on&y
add to their +u&nera*i&ity,
The Human Rights Based Approach
It is often argued that the issue of (rostitution and sex %ork must *e &ooked at
%ith a $human rights *ased a((roach,) The Sex Workers "roHect ;SW"=# an organization
that ad+ocates the rights of sex %orkers# c&aim that SW" $(rotects and (romotes the
rights of indi+idua&s %ho engage in sex %ork# regard&ess of %hether they do so *y choice#
circumstance# or coercion,)
:B
This descri(tion *road&y defines %hat a human rights *ased
a((roach shou&d entai&, It must *e remem*ered that Sex %orkers' rights are a&so /uman
Rights,
The 2&o*a& Sex Workers' Fo+ements *egan in the -?><s and focused on creating
a rightsA*ased a((roach for sex %ork
:>
and $The Wor&d !harter for "rostitutes' Rights#)
ado(ted in -?I@# (ro+ided a frame%ork %ithin %hich to +ie% sex %orkers %ith human
rights *ased a((roach, It is no coincidence that the first &ine on $The Wor&d !harter for
"rostitutes' Rights#) demands to $ecrimina&ize a&& as(ects of adu&t (rostitution resu&ting
:@
Ki&+ington# Judith# So(hie ay# and /e&en Ward, $"rostitution "o&icy in 0uro(e) IE,
:B
The Sex Workers "roHect, -> Oct, :<<? htt(:CC%%%,sex%orkers(roHect,orgC
:>
Kem(adoo# Kama&a# ed, 2&o*a& Sex Workers Rights# Resistance# and Redefinition, -?,
I
from indi+idua& decision,)
:I
Fany a*o&itionists ha+e argued that sex %ork is not an
indi+idua& decision *ut rather the on&y a&ternati+e for sur+i+a& yet according to 2ai&
"heterson# editor of The 1indication of the Rights of Whores# e+ery*ody that assisted in
drafting the charter# %hich on&y inc&uded "rostitutes and 0xA"rostitutes# agreed that a
c&imate free of crimina&ization %as necessary to the human rights of sex %orkers,
:?
This is
an im(ortant (oint *ecause it demonstrates that %hen it comes to the issue of human
rights# e+en sex %orkers themse&+es agree that decrimina&ization is a good a((roach,
S03 WORK0RS 8N STs: !8N 0!RIFINI4IM8TION IF"RO10 T/0 SITU8TIONQ
The "ro*&em of Sex %orkers and their rights is no &onger Hust an issue that
concerns feminists# (o&icy makers# and the sex %orkers themse&+es, With the 8IS
e(idemic# sex %orker's rights is something %e a&& shou&d *e concerned %ith,
With the rising num*er of those infected %ith the /I1C8IS +irus# it *ecomes
essentia& to contain the (andemic in high risk (o(u&ations such as sex %orkers,
E<
The
UN8IS factsheet on /I1C8IS# 2ender# and Sex %ork c&aims that *ecause (rostitution
is i&&ega& in so many countries# sex %orkers are $outside the sco(e of nationa& /I1C8IS
"rograms,)
E-
With (o&icies that crimina&ize sex %ork# it *ecomes e+en harder for sex
%orkers to (rotect their hea&th,
:I
Wor&d !harter 6or "rostitutes9 Rights,5 Socia& 8&ternati+es -I,E ;-???=: E-, 8cademic Search
"remier, 0BS!O, We*, -I Oct, :<<?
:?
1indication of the rights of %hores, 0d, 2ai& "heterson, Seatt&e# W8: Sea& "# -?I?, EEAEG
E<
"i&&ai# Su(riya# Feena Seshu# and Feena Shi+das 50m*racing the rights of (eo(&e in (rostitution
and sex %orkers# to address /I1 and 8IS effecti+e&y,5 2ender K e+e&o(ment -B,: ;:<<I=: E-EAE:B,
8cademic Search "remier, 0BS!O, We*, I Oct, :<<?,
E-
Wo&ffers# I+an# and Ne& +an Bee&en 5"u*&ic hea&th and the human rights of sex %orkers,5
?
If sex %orkers are not considered crimina&s# they can demand the use of condoms#
and seek &ega& redress %hen customers fai& to use them, 8&so# %ith decrimina&ization# sex
%orkers %i&& sto( a+oiding media& assistance and state institutions# e+en ones that can
he&( them, /I1C8IS (re+ention (rograms ha+e re(orted success in reducing /I1
num*ers and not on&y do these (rograms teach (re+ention# they a&so em(o%er sex
%orkers through education,
E:
Studies ha+e sho%n that in nations %here sex %ork has *een
decrimina&ized# there has *een an increase in condom usage,
EE
"erha(s# this is the resu&t of
(re+ention and education (rograms %hich em(o%er %omen to demand the use of
condoms or to deny intercourse in the a*sence of condoms, It is *ecause of this reason
that e+en esteemed organizations such as W/O ha+e *een ad+ocating rights *ased
a((roach and decrimina&ization of sex %ork,
EG
T/0 SITU8TION TO87
8&most ha&f a century has (assed since the sex %orkers mo+ement started and
demanded that sex %orkers *e guaranteed the *asic human rights to %hich they are
entit&ed, Since then# considera*&e %ork has *een done at the &oca& &e+e& in the
ad+ancement of a rights *ased a((roach,
E@
6or exam(&e# formation of +arious sex %orkers
organizations ha+e attem(ted at mo*i&izing sex %orkers, es(ite &imited funding and
maHor o((osition from a*o&itions# sex %ork acti+ists ha+e created &inks %ith human rights
organizations and re(resented themse&+es in internationa& conferences,
EB
E:
UN 8IS InterA8gency Task Team on 2ender and /I1C8IS
EE
Wo&ffers# I+an# and Ne& +an Bee&en 5"u*&ic hea&th and the human rights of sex %orkers,5 4ancet
EB-,?E>E ;:<<E=: -?I-, 8cademic Search "remier, 0BS!O, We*, I Oct, :<<?
EG
Wo&ffers# I+an# and Ne& +an Bee&en 5"u*&ic hea&th and the human rights of sex %orkers,5 4ancet
EB-,?E>E ;:<<E=: -?I-, 8cademic Search "remier, 0BS!O, We*, I Oct, :<<?,
E@
Saunders# "ene&o(e, 56ifteen 7ears 8fter The Wor&d !harter for "rostitutes9 Rights,5
EB
-<
Within the (ast decade# many countries ha+e ado(ted decrimina&ization as the
method of dea&ing %ith sex %orkers rather than a*o&ition, 0xam(&es are S%eden#
8ustra&ia# Ne% Mea&and# and Nor%ay# 2ermany among many others,
E>
!ON!4USION
If sex %orkers rights are to *e recognized# %e ha+e to change the %ay %e think
and redefine the a((roach %ith %hich %e +ie% "rostitution, "rostitution can no &onger *e
thought of in terms of mora&ity and ethics as i&&ustrates *y the s(read of STs and 8IS,
It must *e recognized that Sex Workers' Rights are a&so /uman Rights, Before coming to
a conc&usion on %hich &ega& a((roach to a((&y to sex %ork# %e must consider %hat is in
the *est interest of the sex %orkers,
I ha+e argued that sex %ork is not homogenous, There is a difference *et%een
+o&untary sex %ork and forced sex %ork and Internationa& 4a% a&ong %ith 8*o&itionists
shou&d %ork to%ards inc&uding consensua& sex %ork in their discourse, 4ega&ization is
a&so not the idea& o(tion *ecause studies ha+e i&&ustrated that it (romotes sexua&
trafficking, The on&y %ay that the human rights of sex %orkers %i&& *e recognized is if
sex %ork is decrimina&ized, This is *ecause decrimina&ization# un&ike a*o&ition# takes into
account *oth +o&untary sex %ork and trafficking and is therefore more ho&istic than the
a*o&itionist a((roach, 8s &ong as sex %ork %i&& *e considered a crimina& act# sex %orkers
%i&& continue to *e a*used. ecrimina&ization mo*i&izes and em(o%ers sex %orkers *y
(ro+iding the o((ortunity for &ega& action %hen their *asic rights are +io&ated, Rather than
!rago# 8nnaA4ouise, Our 4i+es Fatter, Re(, Ne% 7ork: O(en Society Institute# :<<I, :G Ju&y
:<<I, The Sex Workers "roHect, :? Oct, :<<? htt(:CC%%%,sex%orkers(roHect,orgC(u*&icationsC
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5/umanTrafficking,org V Ne%s K U(dates: e*ating 4ega&ized "rostitution,5
/umanTrafficking,org: 8 We* Resource for !om*ating /uman Trafficking in the 0ast 8sia "acific
Region, <E ec, :<<? Thtt(:CC%%%,humantrafficking,orgCu(datesCBGEP,
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focusing on the mora& de*ate# it is time to focus on (romoting the %e&&A*eing and hea&th
of sex %orkers %hich can *e done *est through their decrimina&ization,
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