BY

T.ANUSHA

UNDER GUIDANCE

OF

Mr.K.MAHESH

Submitted to the school of computer an information sciences in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.Sc (MSCS)

ST XAVIERS DEGREE COLLEGE

PENDURTHI, VSP.
 SCHOOL OF COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
ADITYA DEGREE COLLEGE
GOPALAPATNAM ,VSP-027

ENROLLMENT NO: 207170021

STUDY CENTER : ST XAVIERS DEGREE COLLEGE

EMAIL-ID: anoosha_tangudu@yahoo.co.in

9290017603

NAME : T.ANUSHA

TITLE OF THE PROJECT: CIVIL SUPPLIERS

NAME OF THE COUNSELOR:

SOFTWARE USED IN THE PROJECT:

Prog. Environment : Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0

Database : Oracle 8i

SIGNATURE OF THE STUDENT SIGNATURE OF THE COUNSELOR

 CERTIFICATE

This to certify that the project work entitled,”CIVIL SUPPLIERS for FAMILY details”, is

done by student T.ANUSHA Enrollment no-207170021 ST XAVIERS DEGREE

COLLEGE, VISAKHAPATNAM ,using Visual Basic6.0 as front end and Oracle as back end

towards partial fulfillment for the award of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (B.Sc) by ANDHRA

UNIVERSITY.

Lecturer in Computer Science H.O.D.of Computer Science

ST XAVIERS DEGREE COLLEGE ST XAVIERS DEGREE COLLEGE

PENDURTHI PENDURTHI
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I thank my project guide Mr. K.MAHESH for his courteous

comments and guidance that enabled the successful completion of my project

work . I thank our faculties at the Department particularly

Mr.G.A.V.S.SASTRY and Mr.K.MAHESH for their kind

suggestions and guidance all through our project works at our Computer Lab.

A project of this kind and size would not have been possible to

complete without the constant help and co-operation from my friends at the

college . The constant support of our family members always added to our

inspiration and boosted our morale to do the project in time.

 DECLARATION

I here by solemnly state that this project report entitled “AUTOMATION OF

CIVIL SUPPLIERS” submitted by me is a genuine and bonafide work done by
me and is not submitted to any other university or any published any time
before. This project work is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
the award of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE by the ANDHRA
UNIVERSITY.

BATCH LIST

1.T.ANUSHA

2.T.MADHAVI LATHA
 CONTENTS
S.NO DESCRIPTION

1 PREFACE

2 INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATION
 INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRNOMENT
 HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS
 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
 ABOUT WINDOWS 98
 ABOUT DBMS

3 SYSTEM ANALAYSIS AND DESIGN

 INPUT DESIGN
 OUPUT DESIGN

4 INTRODUCTION TO FRONT END

5 INTORODUCTION TO BACK END

6 NORMALIZATION

7 DATABASE DESIGN
CONCEPTUAL MODEL
ENTITY-RELATION SHIP DIAGRAM
DATA BASE ACTION DIAGRAM

8 USER MANUAL
 A STUDY ON PROJECT
 DATA DICTINARY
 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS
 PROGRAM CODE
 FORMS
 REPORTS
9 CONCLUSION

10 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ABSTRACT

In the present day scenario, technology is taking the lead role in

influencing the normal human life. we all

Know that technology leaps forward with unimaginable speeds .TO reach and

update the current trends the world over especially in the field of technology

is a challenging tasks as the members of this vast IT community.

This project provides us to further enhance and develop our

programming skill and social exposure .This project gives us an excellent

opportunity to our creative and communicative skills.

 INTRODUCTION

ADITYA DEGREE COLLEGE GOPALA PATNAM, is very well known

and distinguished college In industrial area .We have decided to go about

computerizing their operations.

We have decided to go about doing it module by module. The

specification for the project is as given below. We are empowered to modify

these specification if you feel that it should be modified but on every

assumption and modification made in the specification .we are supposed to

specify it in detail in the documentation as why specification modified .At the

end of completion we

Are supposed to provide with a detailed documentation of project.

Hardware Requirements:-

Processor : Any PC with Microsoft Windows

Hard Disk : Min 10 GB

RAM : 128 MB

Monitor : 14” color Monitor

Keyboard : 101 keys Keyboard

Mouse : 2-button mouse

Printer : Optional

Multimedia : Sound card with speakers(optional)

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:-

Operating System : Microsoft Windows XP

Prog. Environment : Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0

Database : Oracle 8i

ODBC : Microsoft ODBC 3.0

 WINDOWS 98
An interface is a medium through which a user can interact with the system. They are two
types of interfaces , namely , characters user interface and graphical user interface.
Character user interface is the interface where the user interacts with the system through
commands and
Command prompt.

For example : DOS , Older versions of UNIX.

Windows 98 is Graphical User Interface which enable the user to interact with the system
through Graphical Objects.

Booting in Windows 98 :

As soon as the system is switched on the message “ Starting Windows 98”

is displayed in text mode for 2 or 3 seconds immediately a graphical screen with the logo of
windows appears along with the process bar at the bottom finally the desktop appears with
all icons and task bar the mouse pointer also gets initialized. This indicates the system files
(IO.SYS , MSDOS.SYS and COMMAND.COM) and configuration files(WIN.INI ,
CONFIG.SYS , SYSTEM.INI and AUTOEXE.BAT).

The desktop contains a mouse pointer and icons (icon is a Graphical objects
which has some properties attached to it or applications . ) to the left .The icons are

My Computers:
It contains list of drives( local and network) , printers , control panel, Dial-up Networking,
Scheduled tasks and Web folders.

My Documents:
It contains list of files , which were created by the user. It also allows restoring and deleted
files or folders. By default Recycle Bin is allocated 10% of disk space. The user according to
his requirement can change this %

Network Neighborhood:
This folder contains a list of computers, which are connected to a network. It also allows
sharing resources on the remote system.
The taskbar contains 3 important areas they are
1)Start Menu:
The start menu contains various options such as Programs ,
Documents , settings , Find , Help, Run and Shutdown.
2)Program area:
This area contains tasks or tabs for all opened applications .A program can either be in
a minimized mode or maximized mode.
3)System Tray:
The System Tray is located at right bottom corner of the desktop . It contains system-
minimized applications such as
Volume Control , System Agent , Resource Meter , Modern Status , Microsoft Fax ,
New E-Mail , Printing Status, Ac Power Meter,
Keyboard Language , System Time.

The uses of Windows are :-

1)Innovative ,easy to use:-
Windows 98 is a graphical user Interface. The icons on the desktop are easy to remember
and are related to the application.

2)Improved Reliability

3)Faster

4)Allows Web Integration

 Introduction to DBMS

A Data Base Management system consists of collection of interrelated data and a set of
programs to access that data. The collection of data, usually referred to as the database,
contains about one particular enterprise. The primary goal of DBMS is to provide an
environment that is both convenient and efficient use in retrieving and storing database
information.

Components of DBMS:
Database system involves four major components :
1)Data,
2) Hardware,
3) Software
4) Users

Data: The data is known as collection of raw facts of information. The data stored in the
system is partitioned into one or more data bases. Database then is a repository for stored
data. In general, it is both integrated and shared. By integrated mean that the database
may be thought of as unification of several otherwise distinct data files.

Hardware : The hardware consists of secondary storage volumes-disks, drums etc.

On which the data base resides ,together with the associated devices,control units,channels

Software : The layer between the physical database and users of the system is the software,
usually called the DBMS. The DBMS provides a view of the database that is elevated
somewhat above the hardware level, and supports user operations that are expressed in
terms of that higher level view.

Users: There are three different classes of users:

1) Application programmers
2) End users
 3) Data base Administrator(DBA)
Application programmers responsible for writing application programs that use the
database.
The end-user is accessing the database from the terminal.

The DBA is responsible for all database operations. The functions of DBA are
1) Define the data structures
2) Grant authorization of data access
3) Define backup and recovery procedures
4) Provides security
5) Monitor system performance and response time.
6) Define the integrity specifications.

Advantages of RDBMS:

The database approach offers a number of potential advantages compared to traditional

file processing systems. Some of the specific advantages of DBMS approaches are
Controlled data Redundancy:
In non database approach, same data will be stored in different files in an
organization. In DBMS approach the data can be kept ins single place. Hence the
redundancy can be controlled considerably in DBMS approach

2 ) Elimination of inconsistency: In non DBMS approach, same data will be stored in

different files, suppose if we modify after a data item in one place, the change will not
reflect automatically in other places. In DBMS approach, the data will be stored in one
place and doesn’t permit the inconsistency.

3) Shared data: The DBMS approach allows the sharing of the data. Authorized
internal and external users are granted permission to use the data base.
DBMS also provides variety of user interfaces.

4) Data Independence: The separation of data descriptions (meta data) from the
application programs that use the data is called data independence. Data
independence is advantageous in DBMS approach as it allows change at one level of
the data base without effecting other levels

5) Improved Integrity: Data integrity means that the data contained in the database is
both accurate and consistent, Data integrity in DBMS is ensured as adequate checks
can be incorporate.

6) Conflict resolution: Since the database is under the control of the DBA, the DBA can
resolve any conflicts of various user.

7) Enforcement of standards: In DBMS approach, with full management support , the

DBA can define and enforce standards among all the users of all organization.
Standards can be defined for names, formats, reports.
 8) Providing Back up and recovery: In the DBMS approach the facilities for backup
and recovery. Will be provided. The back up and recovery procedures ensure the
restoration of database in case of any sudden failures.

Security: Data is most important to any organization. Some of the data of the organization
is confidential also. DBMS approach provides security to the database. There are various
restrictions will be provided in DBMS approach. DBMS provides different levels of
security for various types of data, for various operations and for different users. The
DBMS will enforce all these security measures through theDBA.
 SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

System Development can generally be thought of as having two major

components, System analysis and System Design. System analysis is the process of
gathering and interpreting facts, diagnosing problem, and using the information to
recommend improvements to the system. This is the job of the System Analyst. System
Design is the process of planning new business system or one to replace or complement an
existing system. But before this planning can be done, it is necessary to understand the old
system and determine how computers can be used to make its operation more effective.

In most business situation the activities are all closely related, usually
inseparable, and even the order of the steps in these activities may be difficult to determine.
Different parts of a project can be in various phases at the same time, with some
components undergoing analysis while others are at advanced stages. It consists of the
following activities:

1) Project Request
2) Preliminary Investigation
3) Determination of System Requirements
4) System Design
5) Development of software
6) System Testing
7) Implementation and Evaluation

PROJECT REQUEST:
The project proposal submitted by the user or the analysis to the project selection
committee is a crucial element in launching the system study. Although the form of such is
a request varies firm to firm, there is general agreement on the kind of information that
should be provided. In the proposal, the requester identifies where assistance is needed and
gives details.
PREMLIMINARY INVESTIGATION :

Requests to receive assistance from information systems can be made for many
reasons, in each case an employee or managers initiate the request. When that request is
made the first activity, the preliminary investigation begins. This activity has three parts –
Request Clarification, Feasibility study and Request approval

DETERMINATION OF SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

At the heart of the system analysis is a detailed understanding of all important facts
of the business are under investigation. Analysis working closely with employees and
managers, must study the business process to answer these key questions:

What is being done?

How is it being done?
How frequently does it occur?
How great is the volume of transaction or decisions?
How well is the task being performed?
Does a problem exists
If a problem exists, how serious is it?
If the problem exists, what is the underlying cause?

To answer these questions system analysis talk to a variety of persons to gather

details about the business process and their opinions of any thing happens as they do
not their ideas for changing the process.

PROPOSED SYSTEM:
Design phase follows analysis of the system. Before starting the design we should
have a model of proposed system. We have attempted to evolve a system, which will
be evaluated during implementation and testing phase, any feedback so acquired
will be used to modify the system, which is being proposed.
SYSTEM DESIGN:
The design of an information system produces the details that state how a system
will meet all requirements during that state how a system will meet all requirements
during system analysis. System analysis begins designs the design process by
identifying reports and other outputs the system will produce. This procedures tell
to process the data produce output. There are several phases in the design process.
LOGICAL DESIGN:
System design is solution, a “how to “ approach compared to analysis, a “what
is” orientation. It translates the system requirement in two ways of operation
aliening them. The detailed specifications for the system were drawn on the basis of
the user requirement data. The outputs, inputs and relationship between the
variables are designed in this phase.
SYSTEM TESTING:
During system testing, the system is used experimentally to ensure that the
software does not fail, i.e., that it will run according to its specification and in the
way users expect. Special test data are input for processing and the results
examined. A limited number of users may be allowed to use the system so, analysis
can see whether that try to use it in unforeseen ways. It is preferable to discovery
any surprises before the organization implement the system and depends on it.

In case of access Control system, the system is tested experimentally by inserting

the care in to the card readers and the access granted or denied message is shown on
the screen.

IMPLEMENATION AND EVALUATION:

Implementation is the process of having systems personnel checkout an new
equipment into use, train users, install the new application, and construct any files
of data needed to use it. System developers may choose to test the operation in only
one areas of the firm, say, in one department or with only one or two persons.
 OPERATIONAL EVALUATION:
Assessment of the manner in which the system functions, including ease of use,
response time, suitability of information formats, over all reliability and level of
utilization.
ORGANIZATIONAL IMPACT:
Identification and measurement of benefits to the organization in such areas as
financial concern(cost, revenue and profit) operational efficiency, and competitive
impact including on internal and information flows.

USER MANAGER ASSESSMENT:

Evaluation of the attributes of senior and user manager within the organizations,
as well as end-users.

INPUT DESIGN

Input design is a part of overall system design. The main objective during the input design
is as given below:
 To produce a cost-effective method of input
To achieve the highest possible level of accuracy
To ensure that the input is acceptable and understood by the user

Input stages:
The main input stages can be listed as below:
Data recording
Data transcription
Data conversion
Data verification
Data control
Data Transmission
Data validation
Data correction

INPUT TYPES:
It is necessary to determine the various types of inputs. Inputs can be categorized as
follows:
External inputs, which are prime inputs for the system
Internal inputs, which are user communications with the system
Operational, which are computer department’s communications to the system.
Interactive, which are inputs entered during a dialogue.

INPUT MEDIA
At this stage choice has to be made about the input media. To conclude about the input
media. To conclude about the input media consideration has to be given to

Types of inputs
Flexibility of format
Speed
Accuracy
Verification methods
Rejection rates
 Ease of correction
Storage and handling requirements
Security
Ease to use
Portability

OUTPUT DESIGN
Outputs from a computer systems are required primarily to communicate the results of
processing to users. They are also used to provide a permanent copy of the results for later
consultation. The various types of outputs in general are:

External Outputs, whose destination is outside the organization

Internal Outputs, whose destination is with in organization and they are the user’s
main interface with the computer
Operational Outputs, whose use is purely with in the computer department
Interface Outputs, which involve the user in communicating directly with the
computer.
Output Definition:
The outputs should be defined in terms of the following points:
Type of the output
Content of the output
Format of the output
Location of the output
Frequency of the output
Volume of the output
Sequence of the output

It is not always desirable to print or display data as it is held on a computer. It should be

decided as which form of the output is the most suitable.
For example,
Will decimal points need to be inserted
Should leading zeros be suppressed
Output Media:
In the next stage it is to be decided that which medium is the most appropriate for the
output. The main considerations while deciding about media are:
The suitability for the device to the particular application.

The need for a hard copy

The response time required
The location of the users
The software and hardware available
The cost

Keeping in view the above description the project is to have outputs mainly coming under
the category of internal outputs. The main desired according to the requirement
specifications are:

The outputs were needed to be generated as a hot copy and as well as queries to be viewed
on the screen. Keeping in view these outputs, the format for the output is taken from the
outputs, which are currently being obtained after manual processing. The standard printer
is to be used as output media for hard copies.

1. Introduction to the Visual Basic Language and Environment

• Visual Basic is a tool that allows you to develop Windows (Graphic User Interface -
GUI) applications. The applications have a familiar appearance to the user.

• Visual Basic is event-driven; meaning code remains idle until called upon to respond
to some event (button pressing, menu selection...). An event processor governs
Visual Basic. Nothing happens until an event is detected. Once an event is
detected, the code corresponding to that event (event procedure) is executed.
Program control is then returned to the event processor.

Event?
Event processor

Basic Basic Basic Event

Code Code Code Procedures

• Some Features of Visual Basic

⇒ Full set of objects - you 'draw' the application

⇒ Lots of icons and pictures for your use
⇒ Response to mouse and keyboard actions
⇒ Clipboard and printer access
⇒ Full array of mathematical, string handling, and graphics functions
⇒ Can handle fixed and dynamic variable and control arrays
⇒ Sequential and random access file support
⇒ Useful debugger and error-handling facilities
⇒ Powerful database access tools
⇒ Package & Deployment Wizard makes distributing your applications
simple
⇒ Faster compiler
⇒ New ActiveX data control object
⇒ Allows database integration with wide variety
of applications
⇒ New data report designer
⇒ New Package & Deployment Wizard
⇒ Additional internet capabilities
Structure of a Visual Basic Application

Project (.VBP, .MAK)

Form 1 (.FRM) Form 2 (.FRM) Form 3 (.FRM) Module 1 (.BAS)

Control Control Control

Control Control Control
Control Control Control

Application (Project) is made up of:

⇒ Forms - Windows that you create for user interface

⇒ Controls - Graphical features drawn on forms to allow user interaction
(text boxes, labels, scroll bars, command buttons, etc.) (Forms and Controls are
objects.)
⇒ Properties - Every characteristic of a form or control is specified by a
property. Example properties include names, captions, size, color, position, and
contents. Visual Basic applies default properties. You can change properties at
design time or run time.
⇒ Methods - Built-in procedure that can be invoked to impart some action to
a particular object.
⇒ Event Procedures - Code related to some object. This is the code that is
executed when a certain event occurs.
⇒ General Procedures - Code not related to objects. This code must be
invoked by the application.
⇒ Modules - Collection of general procedures, variable declarations, and
constant definitions used by application.

Steps in Developing Application

• There are three primary steps involved in building a Visual Basic application:

1. Draw the user interface

2. Assign properties to controls
3. Attach code to controls

We’ll look at each step.

Drawing the User Interface and Setting Properties

• Visual Basic operates in three modes.

⇒ Design mode - used to build application

⇒ Run mode - used to run the application
⇒ Break mode - application halted and debugger is available

We focus here on the design mode.

• Six windows appear when you start Visual Basic.

⇒ The Main Window consists of the title bar, menu bar, and toolbar.
The title bar indicates the project name, the current Visual Basic operating
mode, and the current form. The menu bar has drop-down menus from
which you control the operation of the Visual Basic environment. The
toolbar has buttons that provide shortcuts to some of the menu options.
The main window also shows the location of the current form relative to
the upper left corner of the screen (measured in twips) and the width and
length of the current form.

Code Editor Object Form position

Tasks Run Stop Browser Form
Pause Project dimensions
Menu Form
editor Explorer Layout Toolbox
Save
Propertie
New project
s window
form Open
Add project
project
⇒ The Form Window is central to developing Visual Basic
applications. It is where you draw your application.

⇒ The Toolbox is the selection menu for controls used in your

application.

Pointer Picture Box

Label Text Box
Frame Command Button
Check Box Option Button
Combo Box List Box
Horizontal Scroll Vertical Scroll Bar
Timer Drive List Box
Directory List Box File List Box
Shapes Lines
Image Box Data Tool
Object Linking
⇒ The Properties Window is used to establish initial property values
for objects. The drop-down box at the top of the window lists all objects in
the current form. Two views are available: Alphabetic and Categorized.
Under this box are the available properties for the currently selected
object.

⇒ The Form Layout Window shows where (upon program execution)

your form will be displayed relative to your monitor’s screen:
⇒ The Project Window displays a list of all forms and modules making up
your application. You can also obtain a view of the Form or Code windows
(window containing the actual Basic coding) from the Project window.

• As mentioned, the user interface is ‘drawn’ in the form window. There are two ways
to place controls on a form:

1. Double-click the tool in the toolbox and it is created with a default size on the
form. You can then move it or resize it.

2. Click the tool in the toolbox, then move the mouse pointer to the form window.
The cursor changes to a crosshair. Place the crosshair at the upper left corner of
where you want the control to be, press the left mouse button and hold it down while
dragging the cursor toward the lower right corner. When you release the mouse
button, the control is drawn.

• To move a control you have drawn, click the object in the form window and drag it to
the new location. Release the mouse button.

• To resize a control, click the object so that it is select and sizing handles appear.
Use these handles to resize the object.

Click here to Use sizing

move object handles to
resize object
 OVER VIEW OF ORACLE 8I

The oracle 8i is a state of the art information management environment. It is a respiratory

for very large amount of data, and gives rapid access data. The oracle 8i allows for sharing
of data between applications. The information is shared in one place and many systems. At
first, the oracle 8i was available on sun solaris and windows NT. The oracle 7 server runs
on dozens of different computers, supporting various configurations.

Databases and Information Management

A database server is the key to solving the problems of information management. In general, a
server must reliably manage a large amount of data in a multi-user environment so that many
users can concurrently access the same data. All this must be accomplished while delivering high
performance. A database server must also prevent unauthorized access and provide efficient
solutions for failure recovery.

The Oracle server provides efficient and effective solutions with the following features:

client/server To take full advantage of a given computer system or network, Oracle

environments allows processing to be split between the database server and the client
(distributed application programs. The computer running the database management
processing) system handles all of the database server responsibilities while the
workstations running the database application concentrate on the
interpretation and display of data.
large databases and Oracle supports the largest of databases, which can contain terabytes of
space management data. To make efficient use of expensive hardware devices, Oracle allows
full control of space usage.
many concurrent Oracle supports large numbers of concurrent users executing a variety of
database users database applications operating on the same data. It minimizes data
contention and guarantees data concurrency.
Connectibility Oracle software allows different types of computers and operating systems
to share information across networks.
High transaction Oracle maintains the preceding features with a high degree of overall
processing system performance. Database users do not suffer from slow processing
performance performance.
High availability At some sites, Oracle works 24 hours per day with no down time to limit
database throughput. Normal system operations such as database backup
and partial computer system failures do not interrupt database use.
Controlled Oracle can selectively control the availability of data, at the database level
availability and sub-database level. For example, an administrator can disallow use of a
specific application so that the application's data can be reloaded, without
affecting other applications.
openness, industry Oracle adheres to industry accepted standards for the data access language,
standards operating systems, user interfaces, and network communication protocols.
 It is an "open" system that protects a customer's investment.

Oracle also supports the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

standard for system management. This protocol allows administrators to
manage heterogeneous systems with a single administration interface.
manageable security To protect against unauthorized database access and use, Oracle provides
fail-safe security features to limit and monitor data access. These features
make it easy to manage even the most complex design for data access.
database enforced Oracle enforces data integrity, "business rules" that dictate the standards for
integrity acceptable data. This reduces the costs of coding and managing checks in
many database applications.
portability Oracle software works under different operating systems. Applications
developed for Oracle can be ported to any operating system with little or no
modification.
compatibility Oracle software is compatible with industry standards, including most
industry standard operating systems. Applications developed for Oracle can
be used on virtually any system with little or no modification.
distributed systems For networked, distributed environments, Oracle combines the data
physically located on different computers into one logical database that can
be accessed by all network users. Distributed systems have the same degree
of user transparency and data consistency as non-distributed systems, yet
receive the advantages of local database management.

Oracle also offers the heterogeneous option that allows users to access data
on some non-Oracle databases transparently.
replicated Oracle software lets you replicate groups of tables and their supporting
environments objects to multiple sites. Oracle supports replication of both data- and
schema-level changes to these sites. Oracle's flexible replication technology
supports basic primary site replication as well as advanced dynamic and
shared-ownership models.

The following sections provide a comprehensive overview of the Oracle architecture. Each
section describes a different part of the overall architecture.

The Oracle Server

The Oracle server is an object-relational database management system that provides an open,
comprehensive, and integrated approach to information management. An Oracle server consists
of an Oracle database and an Oracle server instance. The following sections describe the
relationship between the database and the instance.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

SQL (pronounced SEQUEL) is the programming language that defines and manipulates the
database. SQL databases are relational databases; this means simply that data is stored in a set of
simple relations. A database can have one or more tables. And each table has columns and rows.
A table that has an employee database, for example, might have a column called employee
number and each row in that column would be an employee's employee number.

You can define and manipulate data in a table with SQL commands. You use data definition
language (DDL) commands to set up the data. DDL commands include commands for creating
and altering databases and tables.

You can update, delete, or retrieve data in a table with data manipulation commands (DML).
DML commands include commands to alter and fetch data. The most common SQL command is
the SELECT command, which allows you to retrieve data from the database.

In addition to SQL commands, the Oracle server has a procedural language called PL/SQL.
PL/SQL enables the programmer to program SQL statements. It allows you to control the flow of
a SQL program, to use variables, and to write error-handling procedures.

Database Structure

An Oracle database has both a physical and a logical structure. Because the physical and logical
server structure are separate, the physical storage of data can be managed without affecting the
access to logical storage structures.

Physical Database Structure

An Oracle database's physical structure is determined by the operating system files that constitute
the database. Each Oracle database is made of three types of files: one or more datafiles, two or
more redo log files, and one or more control files. The files of an Oracle database provide the
actual physical storage for database information.

DATABASE NORMALIZATION
The process of analyzing the data to be represented and breaking it down into
separate tables in accordance with the principles of relational structure is called
Normalization.

Need for Normalization: Normalization reduces redundancy. Redundancy is

the unnecessary repletion of data. It can cause problems with storage and retrieval
of data redundancy which in turn to inconsistency. Errors are more likely to occur
when facts are repeated updating inserting, deleting, anomalies and modifying data
may cause in corresponding changes in other relations.
Normal Forms:
Normalization result in the formation of tables that satisfy certain specified
constraints and represent certain normal forms. Normal forms are table structures
with minimum redundancy.

UNNORMALIZED FORM:
This is a relation, which satisfies all the properties of a relation.

FIRST NORMAL FORM:

A relation R is in first normal form if and only if underlying domains contain
atomic values only. In other words a relation is said to be in the normal form if it is
already in unnormalized form and it has no repeating groups.

SECOND NORMAL FORM:

A relation R is in first normal form if and only if it is first normal form and every
non-key attributes is fully dependent on the primary key. In other words a relation
is said to be in the second normal form if it is already in the first normal form and it
has no partial dependency.

THIRD NORMAL FORM:

A relation R is in first normal form if and only if it is second normal form and
every non-key attributes is not transitively dependent on the Primary key. In other
words a relation is said to be in the second normal form and it has no transitive
dependency.

BOYCEE-CODD NORMAL FORM:

A relation R is in B boyce-codd normal form (benf) if and only if every
determinant is a candidate key. An attribute fully dependent on other attribute is a
determinant.

FOURTH NORMAL FORM:

A relation R is in first normal form if and only if whenever there exist a multi-
valued dependency is R, say a>>b, the attributes on other attributes is a
determinant. In other words a relation is said to be in fourth normal form if it is
already in the boycee-codd normal form and it has multivalued dependency.

FIFTH NORMAL FORM:

A relation R is in first normal form also called project-join normal form (pjnf) if
and only if and only if the candidate keys of R imply every join dependency in R in
other words a relation is said to in the fifth normal form if it is already in the fourth
normal form and it has no partial dependency.

DATABASE DESIGN
DATABASE DESIGN

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN:

It is the process of designing Data base management system independent data model which
gives a stable comprehensive view of the entire database. The basic input for this step is the
set of relations of different reports(User views). The steps of designing conceptual data
model can be summarized as given below.

1. Input the requirement specification in the form of relations

2. Apply normalization on each and every relation up to specified level of normal forms
3. Perform view integration
4. Construct a conceptual data model
5. Design a logical access map(LAM) for each user view

Normalization is the process of functional dependency analysis which helps to split the
relation of each user view into stable subgroups of data items. Each subgroup of fields is
called as ‘file’.
View integration is a process of merging the subgroups of data items of different user views
which are having the same key field (S).For example, if normalization of different user
views results in a total of say 20 different subgroups of data items, then the view integration
will merge them on common key field(S) into say 12 subgroups of data items.
Construction of conceptual data model means organizing the final set of files obtained
through the view integration into a meaningful schema with relevant associations between
different files in it. This is called as database management system independent data
model/database.
Logical access map gives kind of flowchart defined over the conceptual data model to
access and manipulate it to print a given report/user view.
 ENTITY RELATION SHIP DIAGRAM

An entity relation ship diagram can express the overall logical structure of a database

Graphically. The entity relation ship model is based on the perception of the real

world as collection of basic objects called “entities” and relation ships among objects.

An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. The

Distinction is accomplished by associating with an entity a set of attributes, which

Describe the object. A relation ship is an association among several entities. The

Relation ship between two entity sets can be classified according to the number of

Entities of another set.

An E-R diagram consists the following components:

• Rectangle- represent entity sets

• Ellipses – represents attributes
• Diamonds – represent relation ship among entity sets
• Line-link attributes to entity sets to relation ships.

DATA BASE ACTION DIAGRAM (DAD)

 It is a kind of flow chart drawn to show a sequence of actions required to print a
particular user view. This is usually drawn along with Logical Access Map (LAM),
which shows the sequence of actions performed on the database to print a particular
user view in abstract form where as Data Action Diagram (DAD) provides the same
in detail.
The symbols used in Data Action Diagram (DAD) are listed below.
a) Simple action.
b) Compound action.
c) Control structures –which can be classified into four types as
presented below.
i. Sequence.
ii. Selection.
iii. Iteration.
iv. Set relation ships.
Simple Action:
An action is a step that is performed on one of the record in a file of the database.
Simple action performed any one of the four basic actions namely Create, Read,
Update and Delete unconditionally.
Compound Action:
In compound action, each of the basic action is performed with some conditions.
Control Structures:
The four types of control structures are presented below.
Sequence:
A sequence is a set of actions performed one after another without any branching in
between.
Selection:
A selection is also a sequence which has branching in-between based on certain
condition.
Iteration:
Iteration is an example of representing a block of operations. In iteration, a set of
actions will be repeated as long as a specified condition is satisfied.
Set Relation Ship:
Set Relation Ship is an action involving two different files.

DATA BASE ACTION DIAGRAM (DAD)

It is a kind of flow chart drawn to show a sequence of actions required to print a
particular user view. This is usually drawn along with Logical Access Map (LAM),
which shows the sequence of actions performed on the database to print a particular
user view in abstract form where as Data Action Diagram (DAD) provides the same
in detail.
The symbols used in Data Action Diagram (DAD) are listed below.
b) Simple action.
c) Compound action.
d) Control structures –which can be classified into four types as
presented below.
i. Sequence.
ii. Selection.
iii. Iteration.
iv. Set relation ships.
Simple Action:
An action is a step that is performed on one of the record in a file of the database.
Simple action performed any one of the four basic actions namely Create, Read,
Update and Delete unconditionally.
Compound Action:
In compound action, each of the basic action is performed with some conditions.
Control Structures:
The four types of control structures are presented below.
Sequence:
A sequence is a set of actions performed one after another without any branching in
between.
Selection:
A selection is also a sequence which has branching in-between based on certain
condition.
Iteration:
Iteration is an example of representing a block of operations. In iteration, a set of
actions will be repeated as long as a specified condition is satisfied.
Set Relation Ship:
Set Relation Ship is an action involving two different files.
 1.INTRODUCTION

The Civil supplies is under tremendous pressure maintaining their day to day work which

is currently being done manually . They have decided to go about computerizing. They

have decided on go about ding it module by module.

. You are empowered to modify the specs if you feel that it should be modified. But on

every assure on and modification made in the spec you are supposed to specify it in detail in

the documentation as why the spec was modified. At the end of completion you are

supposed to provide with a detailed documentation on your project.

DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
Requirements
DATA DICTIONARY

Table name: RATION_CARD_MASTER

FIELD DATA TYPE WIDTH DECIMAL CONSTRAINT

Ration_card_no Number 4 Primary key
Name Char 20
Purchase_code Number 4
Doj Date
Shopno Number 4 Primary key
Activenonactive Char 1
Addr Varchar2 30
Income Number 5 2
Adult Number 2
Major Number 2
Minor Number
No_of_cyl Number 2

Table name:Family_details

Field Datatype Width Decimal Constraint

Ration_card_no Number 4 Foreign key
Nameofmemb Char 40
Sex Char 1
Age Number 3
Relationship Char 10
Photo Bclob

Table name: product_master

Filed Datatype Width Decimal Constraint

Sno Number 5
Dateofpur Date
Card num Number 4
Pno Number 5 Primary key
Proddesc Char 20
Unitprice Number 6 2
Amount Number 6 2

CREATE TABLE RATIONCARDMASTER(RCNO NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,

RCNAME CHAR(20),
PURCHASECODE NUMBER,
DOJ DATE,
SHOPNO NUMBER,
ACTIVENONACTIVE CHAR(1),
ADDR VARCHAR2(30),
INCOME NUMBER(5,2),
ADULT NUMBER,
MAJOR NUMBER,
MINOR NUMBER,
NO_OF_CYL NUMBER)
/

CREATE TABLE PRODUCTMASTER(SNO NUMBER,

DATEOFPUR DATE,
CARDNUM NUMBER,
PNO NUMBER NOTNULL,
PRODDESC CHAR(20),
UNITPRICE NUMBER(6,2),
AMOUNT NUMBER(6,2),
QTY NUMBER)
/

CREATE TABLE FAMILYDETAILS(RCNO NUMBER REFERENCES

RATIONCARDMASTER(RCNO),
NAMEOFMEMBER CHAR(40),
SEX CHAR(1),
AGE NUMBER,
RELATIONSHIP CHAR(10))
PROGRAM CODE

LOGIN FORM:

Option Explicit
Public LOGIN As Boolean
Private Sub cmdCancel_Click()
LOGIN = False
Me.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub cmdOK_Click()

If UserName.Text = "RATIONSHOP" Or Password.Text = "MAHESH" Then
LOGIN = True
frmmain.Visible = True
Me.Hide
Else
MsgBox "Invalid Password, try again!", , "Login"
UserName.SetFocus
Me.Hide
End If
End Sub

FRMMAIN

Private Sub Command1_Click()

frmration.Show
Me.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

FRMTRANS.Show
Me.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()

FRMREPORT.Show
Me.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub Command4_Click()

End
End Sub

Private Sub Form_Load()

Label3.Caption = Format(Date)
Label5.Caption = Format(Time)
End Sub

FRMRATION

Private Sub CMDADDNEW_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.AddNew
End Sub

Private Sub CMDDELETE_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Delete
MsgBox "RECORD DELETED"
End Sub

Private Sub CMDEXIT_Click()

End
End Sub

Private Sub CMDFAMILYDETAILS_Click()

IMGFORM.Show
Me.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub CMDFIND_Click()

Dim INDEX As Integer
INDEX = InputBox("ENTER RATION CARD NO")
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst
While Not Adodc1.Recordset.Fields.Item("CARDNUM") = INDEX
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext
If (Adodc1.Recordset.EOF) Then
MsgBox "RECORD NOT FOUND"
End If
Wend
End Sub

Private Sub CMDFIRST_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst
End Sub

Private Sub CMDGOTOMAIN_Click()

frmmain.Show
Me.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub CMDLAST_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveLast
End Sub

Private Sub cmdnext_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext
End Sub

Private Sub CMDPREVIOUS_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MovePrevious
End Sub

Private Sub cmdsave_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Save
MsgBox "ONE RECORD SAVED"
End Sub

Private Sub CMDUPDATE_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Update
End Sub

FRMREPORT

Private Sub Command1_Click()

DataReport1.Show
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

DataReport2.Show

End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()

frmmain.Show
Me.Hide

End Sub

FRMTRANS
Private Sub CMDADDNEW_Click()
Adodc1.Recordset.AddNew
End Sub

Private Sub CMDDELETE_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Delete
MsgBox "RECORD DELETED"
End Sub

Private Sub CMDFIND_Click()

Dim INDEX As Integer
INDEX = InputBox("ENTER RATIONCARD NUMBER")
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst
While Not Adodc1.Recordset.Fields.Item("CARDNUM") = INDEX
Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext
If Adodc1.Recordset.EOF Then
MsgBox "RECORD NOT FOUND"
End If
Wend
End Sub

Private Sub CMDFIRST_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst
End Sub

Private Sub CMDLAST_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveLast
End Sub

Private Sub CMDMAIN_Click()

frmmain.Show
Me.Hide
End Sub

Private Sub cmdnext_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext
End Sub

Private Sub CMDPREVIOUS_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MovePrevious
End Sub

Private Sub cmdsave_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Save
MsgBox "ONE RECORD SAVED"
End Sub

Private Sub CMDUPDATE_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Update
MsgBox "RECORD UPDATED"
End Sub

Private Sub Command1_Click()

AMT.Text = Val(PRICE.Text) * Val(QTY.Text)
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.AddNew
Image1.Picture = LoadPicture("")
End Sub

Private Sub Command3_Click()

IMGFORM.PrintForm
End Sub

Private Sub Command4_Click()

Adodc1.RecordSource = Text1.Text
Adodc1.Refresh
End Sub

IMGFORM

Private Sub cmdadd_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.AddNew
End Sub

Private Sub CMDDELETE_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Delete
MsgBox "record deleted"
End Sub

Private Sub CMDEXIT_Click()

End
End Sub

Private Sub CMDFIRST_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveFirst
End Sub

Private Sub CMDLAST_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveLast
End Sub

Private Sub cmdnext_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MoveNext
End Sub

Private Sub CMDPREVIOUS_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.MovePrevious
End Sub
Private Sub cmdsave_Click()
Adodc1.Recordset.Save
MsgBox "one record saved"
End Sub

Private Sub CMDUPDATE_Click()

Adodc1.Recordset.Update
MsgBox "one record updated"
End Sub

Private Sub frmmain_Click()

frmmain.ShowWhatsThis
Me.Hide
End Sub
 CONCLUSION

This project “AUTOMATION OF CIVIL SUPPLIERS “ is done for FAMILY

DETAILS starting from registration of MEMBER to the issuing of RATION to the

customer.

This process when done manually takes lot of time. So in order to overcome this

problem this project has been developed. This saves a lot of time. In order to get the details

in this manner it doesn’t take more than two minutes to get the details of employee. Just by

giving employee code number we get all the details of the employee.

They can generate various reports based on employee code number and customer wise

daily reports also. Finally they can inspect on income and gross salary of the employee and

based on these details they will issue pink or white card to employee.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

How to database Visual Basic 6.0

By
Eric Winemiller
Jasen T.Roff
Bill Heyman and
Ryan Groom
Mastering Visual Basic 6.0
By
Evangelos Petroutsis

Oracle, Users Guide

By
SQL Corporation Inc.

Software Engineering
By
Pankaj Galothe