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NTTF-SIT CENTRE 1
LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
SYNOPSIS
INTRODUCTION
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LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
BLOCK DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM
INPUT 230V AC
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LED LAMP
TRANSFORMER
POWER SUPPLY
LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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LED LAMP
BILL OF MATERIALS:
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LED LAMP
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
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LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
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MANUFACTURING
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PATTERNING (ETCHING)
A few PCB’s are made by adding traces to the bare substrate (or
a substrate with a vary thin layer of copper)
Usually by a complex process of multiple steps.
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LED LAMP
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DRILLING
Holes, or vias, through a PCB are typically drilled with tiny drill
bits made of solid tungsten carbide. Automated drilling machines
perform the drilling with placement controlled by a drill tape or drill
file. These computer – generated files are also called numerically
controlled drill (NCD) files or “Execution files”. The drill file
describes the location and size of each drilled hole.
When very small vias are required, drilling with mechanical bits is
costly because of high rates of wear and breakage. In this case, the
vias may be evaporated by lasers. Laser-drilled vias typically have an
inferior surface finish inside the hole. These holes are called micro
vias.
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LED LAMP
The walls of the holes, for boards with 2 or more layers, are plated
with copper to form plated-through holes that electrically connect the
conducting layers of the PCB. For multilayer boards, those with 4
layers or more, drilling typically produces a smear comprised of the
bonding agent in the laminate system. Before the holes can be plated
through, this smear must be removed by a chemical de-smear process,
or by plasma-etch.
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LED LAMP
SOLDER RESIST
SCREEN PRINTING
Line art and text may be printed onto the outer surfaces of a PCB by
screen printing. When space permits, the screen print text can indicate
component designations, switch setting requirements, test points, and
other features helpful in assembling, testing and servicing the circuit
board.
Screen print is also known as the silk screen or, in one sided PCB’s
the red print.
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LED LAMP
TEST
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LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
SAFETY CERTIFICATION (U S)
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LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
TRANSFORMER
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LED LAMP
proportion to the primary voltage (VP), and is given by the ratio of the
number of turns in the secondary (NS) to the number of turns in the
primary (NP) as follows:
Transformer Construction:
There are two general types of transformers
1. Core type transformer
2. Shell type transformer
These two differ by the manner in which the windings are
wound around the magnetic core.
The magnetic core is a stack of thin silicon-steel
laminations about 0.35 mm thick for 50 Hz transformer. In
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LED LAMP
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has two legged core. In order to reduce leakage flux, half of the
L.V. winding is placed over one leg and other half over other
leg. For H.V. winding also, half of the winding is placed over
one leg and the other half over the other leg. L.V. winding is
placed adjacent to the steel core and H.V. winding outside, in order to
minimize the amount of insulation required.
Shell Type Transformer:
In the core-type, the steel core surrounds a considerable part of
the windings as shown in fig (b). Shell-type transformer has three
legged core. The L.V. and H.V. windings are wound on the central limb.
In order to reduce leakage flux, the windings are interleaved or
sandwiched. The shell type transformers require more iron and less
conductor material when compared to core-type.
There are two types of windings employed for transformers.
1. concentric coils.
2. Interleaved coils.
The concentric coils are used for core-type transformers and interleaved
coils for shell-type transformer.
.
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LED LAMP
T
he primary winding is connected to an alternating
voltage source, an alternating current I1 starts flowing
through N1 turns. The alternating mmf N1I1 sets up
alternating flux Ø which is confined to the high
permeability iron path as shown above. The alternating
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LED LAMP
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LED LAMP
ADVANTAGES
• High efficiency - LEDs are now available that reliably offer
over 100 lumens from a one-watt device, or much higher
outputs at higher drive currents
• Small size - provides design flexibility, arranged in rows, rings,
clusters, or individual points
• High durability - no filament or tube to break
• Life span - in properly engineered lamps, LEDs can last 50,000
- 60,000 hours
• Full dimmability – unlike fluorescent lamps, LEDs can be
dimmed using pulse-width modulation (PWM - turning the light
on and off very quickly at varying intervals).
• Mercury-free - unlike fluorescent and most HID technologies,
LEDs contain no hazardous mercury or halogen gases
• We can replace the LED’S if they are not working.
DISADVANTAGES
• A very limited variety and selection for your home compared to
other types of lighting.
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LED LAMP
APPLICATIONS
FEATURE IMPLEMENTATION
• If we increase the LED’s we can increase intensity.
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LED LAMP
APPROXIMATION COST
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1. IC 7805 1
2. Resistor 1
3. Diodes 4
4. LEDs 100
5. Transformer 1
6. Switches 1
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DATASHEETS
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
MAGAZINE
WEBSITE
• WWW.ELECTRONICSFORU.COM
• WWW.GOGGLE.COM
• WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
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