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PHYSICS
Paper 2
October
2008
2 hours

NAMA : ______________________________
NO. KAD PENGENALAN: ______________________________
TINGKATAN : ______________________________

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH JOHOR BAHRU

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN 2008
TINGKATAN 4
_______________________________________________________________
FIZIK
KERTAS 2
Dua jam tiga puluh minit
JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Tulis nama, nombor kad

pengenalan dan tingkatan
anda pada ruang yang
disediakan.
2. Kertas soalan ini adalah
dalam bahasa Inggeris.
3. Calon dikehendaki membaca
maklumat di halaman 2.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 19 halaman bercetak

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INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES.

1. This question paper consists of three sections : Section A, Section B and
Section C.
2. Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answer for Section A in the
spaces provided in the question paper.
3. Answer one question from Section B and one question from Section C. Write
your answer for Section B and Section C in detail. You may use equations,
diagrams, tables, graphs and other suitable methods to explain your answer.
4. Show your working. It may help you to get marks.
5. If you wish to cancel any answer, neatly cross out the answer.
6. The diagrams in the questions provided are not drawn to scale unless stated.
7. A list of formulae is provided on page 3.
8. The marks allocated for question or part question are shown in brackets.
9. The time suggested to complete Section A is 90 minutes, Section B is 30
minutes and Section C is 30 minutes.
10. You may use non-programmable scientific calculator.
11. Hand in all your answer sheets at the end of the examination .

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The following information mat be useful. The symbols have their usual meaning
v u
t

1.

a=

1.

v2 = u2 + 2as

2.

s = ut +

3.

Momentum = mv

1 2
at
2

19.

n=

real depth
apparent depth

20.

1
1 1
= +
f
u v

21. Linear magnification, m = v

u
22. P = 1/ f

4.

F = ma

5.

Kinetic energy = mv2

6.

Gravitational potential energy = mgh

7.

1
Elastic potential energy =
Fx
2

24.

8.

Power, P = energy
time

25.

Q = It

9.

26.

E = VQ

10.

Pressure, p =hg

11.

F
Pressure, p =
A

12.

Heat, Q = mc

m
V

23. v = f
ax
D

27. V = IR
28.

E = V + Ir

29.

Power, P = VI

30.

NS
V
= S
N P VP

13.

Heat, Q = m

14.

P1V1 = P2V2

32. Efficiency =

15.

V1 = V2
T1 T2

33.

eV = mv2

34.

E = mc2

35.

g = 10 ms-2

16.

P1 = P2
T1 T2
PV
= constant
T

17.
18.

n=

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I S VS
x 100%
I PV P

sin i
sin r

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Section A
[60 marks]
Answer all questions in this section

1.

Diagram 1.1 shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer.

DIAGRAM 1.1
(a) (i) Name the liquid P used in the thermometer.
____________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
(ii)
State the physical change in the liquid when the temperature increases.
__________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows two types of thermometers.

Thermometer X

Thermometer Y

DIAGRAM 1.2
(i) Which thermometer is more sensitive?
____________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]
(ii) State one reason for your answer in 1 (b) (i).
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
[ 1 mark]

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2.

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Bob cycles to work every day. The graph in Diagram 2.1 shows a typical velocitytime graph of Bobs journey to work.

DIAGRAM 2.1
(a) Describe the following parts of Bobs movement.
(i) A to B
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) B to C
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) Calculate the total distance travelled by Bob.

[2 marks]
(c) Find Bobs average velocity for the whole journey.

[1 mark]

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3.

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Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show two eggs released from the same height and
drop on to Surface A and Surface B respectively.

Egg

Egg

Does not break

Surface A
DIAGRAM 3.1
(a)

Breaks

Surface B
DIAGRAM 3.2

What is meant by impulse?

_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(b)

With reference to Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2;

(i) Compare the force on the eggs that strike Surface A and Surface B
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Compare the time of impact of the eggs on Surface A and Surface B.
__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iii) Compare the change in momentum of the eggs in both situations.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(iv) State the relationship between the force produced in a collision and the
time of impact.
_________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(v)

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Suggest a suitable material for Surface A.

_________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

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4.

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7
(a) A fish is swimming at a depth of 120 m below the surface of a sea.
[The density of the sea water is 1020 kg m-3 ; g = 9.8 N kg-1 ]
(i) What is the pressure exerted by the water on the fish?

[2 marks]
(ii) Explain why the fish can withstand this pressure without being crushed.
____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b) A deep-sea diver is wearing a watch that can withstand a maximum pressure of
4.5 x 106 Pa due to the sea water.
[ Density of the sea water 1030 kg m-3 ; g = 9.8 N kg-1 ]
(i) Calculate the maximum depth the diver can be dive without spoiling the watch.

[2 marks]
(ii)

If the surface area of the glass of the watch is 9.0 cm2, calculate the force
acting on the glass of the watch due to the sea water at a depth of 100 m.

[2 marks]

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5.

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A hydraulic jack system is used to raise a bus at a service centre for motor
vehicles as shown in Figure 5. The piston is moved by an electric motor to raise
the bus.

Bus
Piston, R

Piston, S

Release valve
Valve, Y

Valve, X
Electric motor

Tank
DIAGRAM 5.1

(a)

(b)

What is the physics principle applied in the hydraulic system?

_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(i) Explain how the bus is raised.
__________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) What can you observe if the release valve of tube is left open?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c)

State two advantages if a hydraulic fluid is used instead of water.

_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(d)

The cross section areas of the piston R and S are 4 cm 2 and 20 cm2
respectively. Piston R gives a force of 300 N. What is the maximum force
acting on piston S?

[3 marks]
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6.

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In an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of fusion of substance K, .5

kg of substance K is heated at the rate of 250W. Figure 2 shows the graph of
temperature against time.

/oC

60

35

X
0

Y
4

Z
10

12

t/minutes

(a)

What are the states of matter in regions X, Y and Z?

_____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

(b)

State the melting point of K

_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(c)

What is the time taken to melt substance K completely?

_____________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

(d)

Calculate the total energy required to melt substance K completely.

(e)

Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of substance K.

[2 marks]

[2 marks]
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7.

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10

Diagram 7(a) shows the arrangement of apparatus used to investigate the

relationship between the pressure and the temperature of a fixed mass of gas at
constant volume. A graphical result of pressure p against temperature, T is shown
in Diagram 7(b).

Thermometer

Bourdon gauge

Graph of p against T
Stirrer
p(Pa)
Water

Flask
Gas

Bunsen burner

T()

(a)

(b)
DIAGRAM 7

(a)

In Diagram 7(b),
(i)

State the relationship between p and T in the graph.

_________________________________________________________
.

[1 mark]

(ii) What is the extrapolated value of temperature T0 when the pressure,

p = 0?
_________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(b)

(i)

Using kinetic theory, explain why the pressure of the gas inside the
flask is smaller when the temperature is decreasing.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
(ii) Write down the physical characteristics of the gas molecules when its
temperature is T 0 .
_________________________________________________________
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11
_________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
(c) The pressure of a gas in a container of volume, V is 2.5 10 5 Pa and its
temperature is 10 C .
(i) Calculate the pressure of the gas if the temperature is increased to 37 C
.

[2 marks]

(d) Explain how a gas is changed into a liquid if it is compressed under high
pressure.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
8.

Figure 8.1 shows a rectangular glass block PQRS of refractive index 1.50. A light
ray MN is incident onto the surface PQ and is refracted to L.

Normal line
35 O

N
r

Glass

R
L
Figure 8.1

(a)

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(i)

What is the incident angle of light ray MN?

_________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
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(ii)

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Calculate the angle of refraction, r.

[2 marks]

(b)

(iii)

Complete the light ray MN after passing through the point L in Figure
8.1.
[1 mark]

(i)

If the velocity of light in air is 3 x 10 8 ms-1, determine the velocity of

light inside the glass block.

[2 marks]
(ii)

If the length of NL is 12 cm. Estimate the time taken by the light to

travel from N to L.

[3 marks]
(c) The light ML is removed and an object is place at L. When the object is viewed
perpendicular through the surface PQ, a virtual image of the object is formed
inside the glass block.
(i) What is the meaning of virtual image?
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
(ii) Determine the ratio of Apparent Depth to Real Depth.

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[2 marks]
Section B
(20 marks)
Answer any one question.
9.

Diagram 9.1 shows two identical spherical plasticine balls before being released
from the same height. Diagram 9.2 shows the state of the plasticine balls when they
hit the wood and the sponge. It was observed that the plasticine stopped more
quickly when it hit the wood.

DIAGRAM 9.1

DIAGRAM 9.2
(a) (i)

What does momentum mean?

[1 mark]

(ii)

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Observe Diagram 9.1 and 9.2. Compare the shape of the plasticine balls,
the surface of the wood and the surface of the sponge before and when the
plasticine balls hit the surfaces.
Relate the changes in shapes of the plasticine balls and the surface to
deduce a relevant physics concept.
[5 marks]

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(b)

Explain the changes in energy that occur from the moment the plasticine ball is
released until it reaches the position in Diagram 9.1 and 9.2.
[4 marks]

(c)

Diagram 9.3 shows a car speeding on a road and Diagram shows the car
crashing on a bouler. Due to lack of safety features, the driver sustained
serious injuries.

DIAGRAM 9.3
The following is relevant facts concerning the car:
(i) The car stopped too suddenly upon hitting the object.
(ii) The driver thrown out of the car, breaking the windscreen.
(iii) Sharp pieces of glass from the shattered windscreen cut the head of the driver.
(iv) The accident occurred at night. The driver did not see the object until it was
very near.
Based on the above facts, suggest various features to be added to the car to
improve its safety standard and explain how each feature can reduce injury of the
driver.
[10 marks]

10.

Diagram 10.1 shows a wooden block with load, fully immersed in water. When the
load is removed, the wooden block floats as shown in Diagram 10.2

DIAGRAM 10.1

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DIAGRAM 10.2

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15

Diagram 10.3 shows a submarine, immersed in water with the ballast tanks filled
with water.
When the ballast tanks are emptied, the submarine floats as shown in Diagram
10.4.
EMBED PBrush

DIAGRAM 10.3

(a)

DIAGRAM 10.4

(i)

Based on Diagram 10.1, Diagram 10.2, Diagram 10.3, and Diagram 10.4,
state one observation common to both the wooden block and the
submarine.
[1 mark]

(ii)

List the forces which act on the wooden block and the submarine in
Diagram 10.2 and Diagram 10.4.
[2 marks]

(iii)

State the relationship between the forces listed in (a)(ii).

Give reason for your answer.
[4 marks]

(b)

Name the principle involved in the observations in Diagram 10.1, Diagram

10.2, Diagram 10.3, and Diagram 10.4.
[1 mark]

(c)

(i)

What happens to the block in Figure (b) when a salt solution is added to
the water?.
[1 mark]

(ii)

Give one reason for your answer.

[1 mark]

(d)

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Diagram 10.5 and Diagram 10.6 illustrate the working principle of a

hydrometer.
The depth to which the test tube sinks depends on its surrounding liquid.
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DIAGRAM 10.5
Figure(e)

DIAGRAM 10.6
Figure (f)

Explain how you would design a hydrometer that can determine a wide range
of densities of liquid, using the idea of the working principle of a hydrometer
shown above.
Draw a diagram that shows the design of your hydrometer and in your
explanation, emphasis the following aspects:
(i)
the stability of the hydrometer
(ii) the sensitivity of the hydrometer
(iii) the ability to measure a wide range of densities of liquids
(iv) the calibration of the hydrometer
[10 marks]

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Section C
[ 20 marks ]
Answer any one question

11.

(a)

Diagram 1.1 shows a food container used for keeping the food warm. The
container is able to maintain the temperature of food for a long time. The
container can be moved from one placed to another.

DIAGRAM 11.1

Table 11.1 below shows the characteristic of materials which could be

used to make the food container.

Material

Density /
kg m-3

Melting
point / 0C

P
Q
R
S
T

2 710
910
1 050
2 600
3 800

660
27
240
1 200
2 020

Specific heat
capacity /
J kg-1 0C-1
910
1 600
1 300
670
800

Thermal
conductivity
High
Low
Low
Low
High

TABLE
11.1
1.1
(i)

What is meant by melting point?

[1 mark]

(ii) Hot water is poured into a glass which has a small crack. It is
observed that the size of the crack increases. Explain this
observation.
[3 marks]
(iii)

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You are asked to investigate the characteristics of the materials in

Table 11.1 which could be used to make the food container as in
Diagram 11.1.
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18

Explain the suitability of each characteristics in Table 11.1 and

hence, determine which material is most suitable to be used to make
the food container.
Justify your choice.
[10 marks]
2kg of hot water at 900C is poured into a glass and left to cool down
to room temperature at 300C.
(i)
Sketch the temperature-time graph for the cooling process of the hot
water. Use your graph to explain this process.
[4 marks]

(b)

(ii)

12.

(a)

Calculate the quantity of heat lost from the hot water. The specific heat
capacity of water is 4200 Jkg-10C-1.
[2 marks]

(i) What is the plane mirror?

[1 mark]
(ii) Describe the type of images formed by plane mirror.
[2 marks]
(iii) What are the disadvantages of using convex mirror at the junction of the
road.
[2 marks]

(b)

handle
mirror

frame

DIAGRAM 12.1

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Mirror

Type of mirror

Diameter
(cm)

(Frame and handle)

Rate of rusting

Convex mirror

5.0 cm

Low

Strength of the
mirror
material
High

Concave mirror

3.0 cm

Low

High

Concave mirror

5.5 cm

High

High

Convex mirror

3.0 cm

High

Low
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TABLE 12.1

Diagram 12.1 shows a mirror that is being used by the dentist to check patients
teeth.
Table 12.1 shows the characteristic of four types of mirrors P, Q, R and S that
suitable to be use in a dental clinic.
(i) Explain the characteristics of a mirror which is suitable for a dentist to check
his patients teeth.
[8 marks]
(ii) Hence, determine the suitable mirror to be used. Justify your choice.
[2 marks]
(c)

The Diagram 12.2 shows two rays of light from an object O being directed at
a plane mirror.
Plane mirror
3 cm

8 cm

Eye

DIAGRAM 12.2
(i)

Draw and complete the ray diagram to show how these rays can produce an
image, I and reach the eye.
[3 marks]

(ii)

State two characteristic of image formed.

[2 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

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