Exercise 3.

1 Formation damage
A well is producing 670 Sm
3
/d at a wellbore pressure of 170 bara.
!e well is producing "#0 Sm
3
/d at a bottom $!ole pressure of
1%0 bara. !e drainage &olume is c'lindrical s!aped.
!e following data is gi&en(
$ outer radius 1#0 m
$ wellradius ( 0.1 m
$ )a'er t!ic*ness #0 m
$ Formation &olume factor 1.# m
3
/Sm
3
$ porosit' +0,
$ &iscosit'- reser&oir oil # c.
!e logs indicate 1m in&asion of drilling fluid filtrate.
!e s*infactor is estimated from a transient test to be 3.
a/ Estimate t!e producti&it' index.
b/ Estimate t!e inflow efficienc'.
c/ 0!at is t!e well able to produce if t!e bottom !ole
pressure is *ept at 1%0 bar- and 'ou are able to remo&e t!e
s*in factor1
d/ Estimate t!e permeabilit' in t!e damaged 2one.
e/ Estimate t!e permeabilit' in t!e part of t!e formation t!at
!as not been affected b' t!e drilling fluid.
Exercise 3.+ 3eometric s*in
A well is producing 670 Sm
3
/d wit! a bottom !ole pressure at 170
bara. At a bottom $!ole pressure of 1%0 bar- t!e production is
"#0 Sm
3
/d. From t!ese obser&ations we get a producti&it' index
4 5 ++ Sm
3
/d/bar.
!e following data is gi&en(
$ outer radius 1#0 m
$ wellradius ( 0.1 m
$ perforated inter&al #0 m
$ perforation s*in $1
$ formation &olume factor 1.# m
3
/Sm
3
$ porosit' +0,
$ &iscosit'- reser&oir oil # c.
From transient test- t!e s*in factor is estimated to be of t!e
&alue 3. !e logs indicate a drilling fluid filtrate in&asion of 1 m.
!e logs also gi&e indications t!at t!e producti&e inter&al ma' be
100 m- but onl' t!e top #0 is completed.
a/ Estimate t!e geometric s*in factor due to partial
completion.
b/ Estimate t!e total geometric s*in factor.
c/ E&aluate if t!e obser&ed s*in factor is due to geometric
conditions onl'.
d/ 6f we perforate t!e w!ole reser&oir la'er- w!at is t!e well
able to produce if t!e bottom !ole pressure is 1%0 bara1
e/ Estimate t!e permeabilit' in t!e undamaged part of t!e
formation.
Exercise 3$3 6nflow efficienc'
A &ertical well is producing from a c'lindrical s!aped &olume.
!e following data is gi&en(
7eser&oir .a' ( ! 5 +0 m
7eser&oir permeabilit'( * 5 0.1#
+
0ellbore radius( r
w
5 0.% m
8rainage radius( r
e
5 +00 m
8rilling fluid is being filtrated and in&ades 10 cm into t!e formation and
reduces t!e permeabilit' b' 60 , in t!e nearb' region.
a. Estimate t!e inflow efficienc'.
b. Express t!e s*in factor as a function of in&asion radius and
permeabilit' in t!e damaged 2one.
Task 3.4 Lamination
The picture shows the lamination in a sandstone layer
9ref. 3eo$Expro- :ct.+007/.
Roughly, we can say that 80% of the cross section consists of
horiontal laminations of clean sandstone, with porosity! 0."# and
permea$ility! " %. The remaining &0% of the cross section consists of
clayey sandstone with porosity of 0.0# and permea$ility! 0.0" %. 'oth
the clean sandstone and argillaceous is isotropic (same permea$ility
in all directions, within the lamina).
a) *stimate the effecti+e permea$ility for a +ertical well,
complemented through the reser+oir layer illustrated
$) *stimate the effecti+e +ertical permea$ility
c) *stimate the anisotropy factor
Task 3.# ,ertical well in anisotropic reser+oir
The reser+oir lyer is &0 m high. -oriontal permea$ility is measured!
k
h
. 0.&m
&
+ertical ! k
+
. 0.0#m
&
.
/ +ertical well is planned completed in the upper "0 meters.
0ell radius! r
w
. 0."m .
The well is planned perforated with 1 shots per meter, penetration
depth ! L
p
. 0.&# m
*stimate !
a) 2kin factor due to partial completion
$) 2kin factor due to perforation
c ) Total skin factor
Task 3.1! &nd3order flow characteristics
The following information is a+aila$le a$out the well and reser+oir
3 ,iscosity, reser+oir oil! & c4
3 Length of the completed inter+al! #0 m
3 5ormation factor! ".# m362m3
3 0ell radius! 0." m
3 *7ui+alent radius to the outer limit of &00 m
3 Reser+oir pressure! &00 $ar
3 %ensity, reser+oir oil! 800 kg6m
3
3 2kin factor $y +iscous influ9 .#
/ well test ga+e the following results
4roduction (2m
3
6 d) 0 &00 400
'ottom hole pressure ($ar) &00 ":1 "8:
a) *stimate the linear producti+ity inde9, $ased on the measured data
$) 4redict $ottom hole pressure to produce 800 2m3 6 d
c) *stimate second order flow characteristic
d) 4redict $ottom hole pressure to produce 800 2m3 6 d.
Task 3.8 ,ogels flow characteristics
(The task uses the same data as 3.1 a$o+e. 'ut we ha+e now
learned that the reser+oir oil is near the saturation pressure.)
3 ,iscosity , reser+oir oil ! & c4
3 Length of the completed inter+al ! #0 m
3 5ormation factor! ".# m362m3
3 0ell radius! 0." m
3 *7ui+alent radius to the outer limit &00 m
3 Reser+oir pressure! &00 $ar
3 %ensity , reser+oir oil ! 800 kg6m3
3 2kin factor 0.#
/ well test ga+e the following results
4roduction (2m
3
6 d) 0 &00 400
'ottom hole pressure ($ar) &00 ":1 "8:
a) *stimate ,ogel;s inflow characteristic , from the measured data
$) 4redict $ottom hole pressure to produce 800 2m3 6 d
c ) <onsider the choice of linear, & order , or ,ogel;s inflow
characteristics.