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Chakradhar: Did you finish your assignment? a) He left the box open.
(
F ÅÂÆj-Ø˛-¢Á’çö¸ °æ‹Jh-îË-¨»¢√?) (ÅûªØ√ °õ„d ûÁJ* ´C-™‰-¨»úø’.)
assignment= äéπ-JéÀ ¶«üµ¿u-ûªí¬ Å°æp-ñ„-°œp† °æE. b) Sarala keeps her room clean.
Giridhar: Of course not. You remember, last (Ææ®Ω∞¡ ûª† í∫CE ¨¡Ÿv¶µºçí¬ Öç-ûª’çC.)
week I had my books stolen. Then °j sentences ™ left (leave), keeps (keep)
followed a sunday. No shops were ™«çöÀ verbs †’ éÀçC pattern ™ ¢√ú≈ç éπü∆!
open to buy books. The next day I a) left (verb) + the box (something) + open
had to leave town to call on my sick (adjective)
uncle. I returned yesterday, and b) keeps (verbs) + her room (something) +
because of the trade bandh, I found clean (adjective).
all the shops closed.
É™« ¢√úË Verbs †’ –Åçõ‰ É™«çöÀ pattern ™ ¢√úË
(Ŷ‰s-™‰ü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç-C-éπü∆ Fèπ◊, éÀçü¿-öÀ-¢√®Ωç Verbs †’ ´’†ç í∫-ûª lesson ™ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? ´’J- (v°æA Ø√©’-Íí-∞¡xèπ◊ ûª† é¬®Ω’èπ◊ °®·çö¸ (Ç°∂‘-Ææ®˝ í∫’´÷≤ƒh†’ •CM îË®·ç-î√úø’.)
Ø√ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™„-´®Ó üÌçT-Lç-î√®Ω’. Ç ûª®√yûª éÌEo îª÷úøçúÕ ¢Ë®·ç-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’) 5) Have it done- ÉC-èπÿú≈, I had my books
The Kidnappers set the boy free. 2) I found the all the shops closed. stolen, pattern
ÇC-¢√®Ωç ´*açC. °æ¤Ææh鬩 ≥ƒ°æ¤-™‰O ™‰´¤ ™«çöÀ-üË-éπü∆?
found (verb) + all the shops (something) + ★ I will have the house cleaned (before I enter
°æ¤Ææh-鬩’ éÌ-†-ú≈-EéÀ. ï•’sûÓ Ö†o ´÷ (éÀú≈o-°æ®Ω’x Ç °œ™«xúÕE ´C-™‰-¨»®Ω’.)
closed(pp) it).
´÷´’ߪ’u†’ îª÷ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´’®Ω’-ÆæöÀ ®ÓV ØË
set (verb) + the boy (somebody) + free
-†’ ÜÈ®∞«x-†’. E†o AJ-íÌ-*aØ√, ¢√u§ƒ-®Ω’© (
(Adjective) ÑPattern verbs
™ ¢√úø-í∫© -ÅEoç- ÅEo ≥ƒ°æ¤©’ ´‚Æœ Öçúøôç îª÷¨»†’.) (Éçöx îËÍ®-´·çü¿’ ÉçöÀE ¨¡Ÿv¶µºç îË®·ç--èπ◊çö«.)
•çü˛ ´©x ≥ƒ°æ¤©Fo ´‚Ææ’ç-úøôç
îª÷¨»†’.) öÀF, éÀçC pattern ™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. ★ She finds herself cheated every time. Will have (verb) + the house (something) +
Verb + somebody/ something + past partici- finds (verb) + herself (somebody) + cheated cleaned (pp)
Chakradhar: The boss is not all too happy. He
was expecting you to turn it in
ple.(Åçõ‰ °jsentence adjective
™ *´®Ω èπ◊ (pp) ★ The doctor will have him tested.
past participle (pp)
last saturday itself.
•ü¿’©’ ´Ææ’hç-ü¿-†o-´÷ô.) (ûª†’ ¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-®·-†ô’x í∫´’-E-Ææ’hç-ü∆¢Á’ –v°æB-≤ƒJ) (ú≈éπd®˝ ÅûªúÕE °æKéÀ~≤ƒhúø’.)
Now look at the following sentences from 3) The theft of the will have (verb) + him (somebody) + tested (pp)
(¶«Æˇ î√™« éÓ°æçí¬ ÖØ√oúø’. †’´¤y
the conversation books and the 6) You have made your ability known to him.
ü∆Eo §Ú®·† ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç îËÆœ ÉîËa≤ƒh-
above other things left
´E ÇPç-î√-ú≈-ߪ’†.) have made (verb) + your ability (something)
1) ...I had my books me shocked. + known (pp)
all too= ´’ç*-é¬-†çûª (áèπ◊\´)/ ÅA.
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
stolen. left (verb) + me
Not ûÓ, not ™‰èπ◊çú≈ èπÿú≈ ¢√úøû√ç. We hear your name called.
2) ...I found all the 364 (somebody) +
He comes here all too often. (F Ê°®Ω’ °œ©-´úøç ´÷èπ◊ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.)
shops closed. shocked (pp)
(Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´’K áèπ◊\- here (verb) +your name
(something) + called (pp)
English conversation ™ ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-°œçîË 2) We must be at the station to see off Nobody in that village locks up their Prem: Thank you.
´’J-éÌEo patterns í∫’Jç* Ñ lesson ™ îª÷ü∆lç. Bhavan. home =
Look at the following sentences from the see off (somebody) = see (somebody) off Ç ví¬´’ç™ á´®Ω÷ É∞¡xèπ◊ û√∞«©’ ¢Ëߪ’®Ω’.
verb verb
conversation above.
OúÓ\L´yôç. Ñ èπÿú≈ °j ™«í¬ØË.
v°æ¨¡o: 1. Now that I am a responsible per-
They saw me off at the bus stand =
1) Put on your clothes.
(because).
Bus stand
Åçü¿’-´©x
2) We must be at the station to see off Bhavan.
èπ◊ ´*a ††’o ≤ƒí∫-†ç-§ƒ®Ω’. son. Now that I'm a respon-
3) Carry the jewellery up =
3) Let me first carry the jewellery up and lock it 2. The director requested the sible person =
up. carry up the jewellery. pattern
Government to make the follow-
Ééπ\úÕ èπÿú≈
carry (verb) + up (prep/ adverb) + the
ØËE-°æ¤púÓ ¶«üµ¿u-ûª-éπ© ´uéÀhE
4) Don't forget to put out the lights. ing amendment: That the compe-
jewellery (something) éπ†’éπ/ 鬕öÀd.
5) Don't forget to turn off the gas. tent authority should verify their
a) He held up his hand = 2. È®ç-úÓ -¢√éπuç-™ That
service particulars...
6) Lock up the jewels. èπ◊ Å®Ωnç 'ÅE—. That
In the sentences above, observe the expres-
Åûª†’ ûª† îË®· °jÈé-û√húø’. °j ¢√é¬u™x that áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úÕ-†ô’d? the competent
Held (verb) + up (prep) + his hand (some- that ¢√úøôç ´©x ¢√öÀ Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ω’-
sions. 1) put on 2) see off 3) carry the jewellery authority ... ÅCµ-鬮Ωç
thing)
up 4) put out 5) turn off 6) lock up. ûª’çü∆? ser-
í∫© ÅCµ-é¬J. ¢√J
b) She entered the room and switched on vice
°j expressions ™ v°æA-ü∆-E™ verb, Ç verb – §Úûª’© Hµ¢Ë’-¨¡y-®Ω-®√´¤, ¢Ëí¬-ߪ’-´’t-Ê°ô N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Eï´÷
-ï-¢√-•’: 1. Now that- Ééπ\úø Ñ È®çúø’
the light. é¬ü∆ ÅE ûË©’a-éÓ-¢√L ÅE (that), v°æ¶µº’-û√yEo
ûª®√yûª preposition é¬F, adverb (äéπ °æE ᙫ
switched (verb) + on (prep) + the light Çߪ’† Ŷµºu-Jnç-î√úø’.
ïJ-TçD ûÁLÊ° ´÷ô) é¬F ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®· éπü∆?
(something)
´÷ô-©†’ éπL-°œ-¢√-úÕûË ´îËa Å®Ωnç –
-v°æ-¨¡o: Imaginary forms -™ should have -¢√-úÕ-†°æ¤p-úø’ had been/ had + pp
-ï-¢√-•’: You are right. It should have been, had been/ had+pp
®√-¢√-L éπ-ü∆-! -N-´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. – Èé-.-†®ΩÆœç£æ…È®-úÕf, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛.
The verb forms in the three situations are as follows. Situation If clause Main clause Situation If clause Main clause
Situation 'If' clause verbs Improbable were/ past doing- would Imaginary Past/ had been/
}
Main clause verbs be/ 1st would have been
Probable
Present (Åçõ‰
v°æÆæ’h-ûªç™ í¬F,
future ™ í¬F
Present tense -
am, is, are;
1st RDW,
will be
can be can
may be may
will
shall be shall RDW
+ 1st
}
(go,
talk,
present
(v°æÆæ’hûªç
ï®Ω-í∫-EN)
word (gave,
came, etc)/
were + Past
Participle
should
could
might
OR
RDW (go,
talk, etc)
unreal past (Ü£œ«ç-
-èπ◊ØË í∫ûªç– àüÁjØ√
ïJ-TçC, ï®Ω-èπ◊\çú≈
had + past
participle (PP)/
had been +
could
might
}
should have + PP
have been +
PP (Passive
2nd RDW; Öçõ‰ ÅE-í¬F, ï®Ω-í∫- PP (Passive) Voice)
would
}
will etc) (Passive voice) be + PP
}
am+past participle,
ïJ-Íí Å´-鬨¡ç EC ïJ-í∫’çõ‰ áçûª
be + (we don't use should
shall (Passive
¶«í∫’ç-úËC ÅE-í¬F
is + past participle,
ÖçC)
may Past was here) could
Voice)
ņ’-éÓ-´ôç)
are + past participle Participle
can might eg: 1) If he had been here, she would have met him (Åûª-E-
Example: If Ramesh comes home, his mother will feel happy. (Both eg: If he were here; we would consult him (ÅûªEéπ\úø éπ\úø ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰, Ç¢Á’ ÅûªEo éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËC (™‰úø’ – éπ-©’Ææ’-
Ramesh's coming home and his feeling happy are probable. Öçõ‰ Ææçv°æ-C≤ƒhç. Åûª†’ ™‰úÕ-éπ\úø É°æ¤púø’. Åçü¿’-éπE éÓ-™‰ü¿’)
They are likely to happen.)
Ææçv°æ-Cç-îªôç ™‰ü¿’) 2) If Saritha had answered one more question, she
In the case of scientific facts, however, the main clause verb is usually in
If he knew this he would be happy (Åûª-E-éÀC ûÁLÊÆh – would have got the top rank question answer
the present simple tense. eg: If an object is heated it expands. (Main
(ÉçéÓ
clause verb - expands - present simple) ûÁLÊÆ °æJ-ÆœnA É°æ¤púø’ ™‰ü¿’ – Åûª†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-≤ƒhúø’) top rank
îËÆœ Öçõ‰, Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ´îª’aç-úËC).
v°æ¨¡o: i) Future continuous tense èπ◊ Having taken his food, he went to
bed. (¶µï†ç îËÆœ† ûª®√yûª Åûªúø’
He was killed by the Maoists =
Åûª†’ ´÷N-Æˇd-©îË îªç°æ-•-ú≈fúø’ I wish I had his phone number. -
voice mango will be
™‰ü∆? Öçõ‰ -O-öÀ -Å®√n-©†’ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
being eaten by me passive
ÅØË Evü¿-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.) (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’-™– ´÷N-Æˇd-©-ûªEo
Having walked the whole dis-
ï-¢√-•’: I
îªçÊ°-¨»®Ω’) – Ɯ£«-î˝. -†®ΩÆœç£æ…®√-´¤, -®Ωçí¬È®-úÕf
ï-¢√-•’: In
voice ™ be and being ÅØË wish I knew his phone
tance he is tired. (Åçûª ü¿÷®Ωç †úÕ- time - He was killed in an accident =
verbs perfect
®√ߪ’-´î√a? Å™«Íí Ææ´’--ߪ÷-EéÀ é¬Ææh- number = I wish I had his
participle having beaten
*-†ç-ü¿’-´©x Åûªúø’ Å©Æœ-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’.) v°æ´÷-ü¿ç™ Åûª†’ ´’®Ω-ùÀç-î √úø’
phone number =
´·çü¿’, Ææ´’-ߪ’ç -ü∆ôèπ◊çú≈.
perfect participle †’ °j Nüµ¿çí¬
†’ ÅE É°æ¤púø’
Having per- On time = Ææ´’-ߪ÷-EéÀ éπ*a-ûªçí¬.
(Åûª†’ îªç°æ-•-ú≈fúø’)
®√¨»®Ω’. ÅØË °æü∆Eo phone number
2) After all = àüË-´’-®·Ø√.
¢√úø-û√®Ω’. Ø√éπ-ûªE
fect tense a) He was in time for the function =
He was very happy to have got a
™, à Éûª®Ω °æü¿l¥-ûª’™x ûÁLÊÆh áçûª -¶«-í∫’ç-ô’çC = Ø√
perfect participle having a) After all, it is how much you
†’ ( chance to help her. ( Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ¢Ëúø’-éπèπ◊ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç- ü∆ôèπ◊çú≈/ é¬Ææh study that matters not how
ü¿í∫_®Ω ÅûªE phone number
eaten) Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ó ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. Öçõ‰ áçûª ¶«í∫’ç-úËC É°æ¤púø’
long you study=
´·çüË ´î√aúø’.
v°æ¨¡o: 1) -É-ü¿l®Ω’ -´uèπ◊h-©’ È®j-©’ éÀç-ü¿ °æ-úÕ
Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆ Å´-鬨¡ç ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊
ii) Being -Åç-õ‰ -à-N’-öÀ? -D-E àüË-´’-®·Ø√/ (ÅßÁ÷u, Ø√éÀ-°æ¤púø’ ÅûªE
(í∫ûªç™) Åûªúø’ ÆæçûÓ-≠œç-î√úø’ (ÉC *´-JéÀ †’¢Áyçûª ÊÆ°æ¤ îªC-¢√-´-ØËC
í∫’-Jç-* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. èπÿú≈ í∫ûªç.) phone no ûÁ-L-ߪ’üË/ Ø√ü¿-í∫_®Ω
´’®Ω-ùÀç-î√®Ω’ (-v°æ-´÷-ü¿-´-¨»-ûª’h) -Å-†- é¬ü¿’, áçûª îªC-¢√-´-ØËC ´·êuç. É°æ¤púø’ ÅûªE phone no ™‰üË
ii) Being rich, he can buy a car.
ï-¢√-•’:
– á. °çîª-©ßª’u, ®√ïç-Ê°ô ú≈-EéÀ -Éç-Tx-≠æfl-™ Two persons b) After all, Duryodhana had to
ÅE ņ’-éÓ-´úøç)
(üµ¿E-èπ◊-úÕí¬ Ö†oç-ü¿’-´©x é¬®Ω’ é̆-í∫-©úø’.) got run over and killed éπÈ®Íéd-Ø√?- hide under water for fear of
i) Perfect continuous tenses being = Å™« Öçúø-ôç-´©x. I wish I would know his phone
™‰éπ died -Å-Ø√-™«? Bhima =
v°æ¨¡o: -O’®Ω’ exercise ™ if you fail to
èπ◊ à´’-®·-ûËØËç/ *´-JéÀ,
passive voice ¢√úøç. Åçü¿’èπ◊ number ÉC ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωl¥ç É´yü¿’.
has been + past partici-
2) after all -Åç-õ‰ -Å®Ωnç -à-N’-öÀ? Hµ´·úÕ ¶µºßª’çûÓ ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†’úø’ É™«çöÀC sentence é¬-ü¿’.
•ü¿’©’– return on time -Å-E -äéπ-îÓ-ô, I am
v°æ¨¡o: I wish I knew his phone num-
F∞¡x™x ü∆éÓ\--¢√-Lq ´*açC.
ple/ have been + past participle I wish to know his phone