í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 3 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Visesh: You are in a very smart shirt today. Visesh: Seems to be the good sort.
Where did you buy it? (´’ç*-®Ω-éπç-í¬ØË (´’ç*¢√úÕ-™«Íí) éπE°œ-Ææ’h-
(†’´¤y ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊†o shirt î√™« Ø√Wí¬_ Ø√o-úø-ûªúø’.)
ÖçC. áéπ\úø éÌØ√o´¤?) Sasesh: He really is. He is one of the people
Sasesh: I usually buy all my clothes from who like company.
smartdress. I bought this there as (Eï¢Ë’. Éûª-®Ω’© ≤ƒ£æ«-Ωuç éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊-ØË-
well. ¢√-∞¡x™ Åûª-ØÌ-éπúø’.)
(Ø√ ü¿’Ææ’h-©Fo ؈’ smartdress ™ Visesh: I like to meet him.
éÌçö«. ÉC èπÿú≈ Åéπ\úË.) (ÅûªúÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.)
Visesh: You were talking to a tall guy yester- Sasesh: You will have the opportunity when he
day. Who was he? comes here next week.
(E†o †’´¤y §Òúø’í¬_ Ö†o äéπ-ûª-úÕûÓ a) Of which college are you a student? = 6) He is good at a number of games. Chesss is
(´îËa-¢√®Ωç Åûª-E-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ Fé¬ one of them = Chess is one of the number of
´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. á´-®Ω-ûªúø’?) †’´¤y à college b) Which college
Nü∆u-JnN? =
Å´-é¬-¨¡-´·ç-ô’çC.) games he is good at. (
Sasesh: Don't you remember? He is Raghu. I are you a student of? - (a), (b) ©™ (b), Åûª-úÕéÀ ¶«í¬ ´*a†




(Preposition- 'of' common. games chess
spent my last summer with him. He is *´®Ω ¢√úÕçC) áèπ◊\´ ™ äéπöÀ)
lessons ™ ´’†ç who, whose, which, †’´yC à shop ™ éÌØ√o´¤? = Which shop 7) Have you seen the cricket bat at my place? He
my distant cousin. í∫ûª È®çúø’
did you buy it from? (From which shop did you used to practise with it = Have you seen at my
that, where, when ©ûÓ È®çúø’ sentences †’ ᙫ
(í∫’®Ω’h-™‰ü∆ Fèπ◊? éÀçü¿öÀ ¢ËÆæN™ Åûª-úÕ- place the cricket bat he used to practise with?
ûÓØË ÖØ√o ؈’. Ø√èπ◊ ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ cousin éπ©§ÒîÓa ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-í∫ü∆? Ñ lesson ™ èπÿú≈ buy it? ņç)
sentence pairs
Åûªúø’.) ´’†ç ü∆ØËo îª÷úø-¶-ûª’Ø√oç Å®·ûË éÌçûª ûËú≈ûÓ. ÅC éÓÊÆçü¿’èπ◊ Ø√èπ◊ î√èπ◊ 鬢√L= I want a knife îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆, °j
preposition
(¢√é¬u© ïûª-
to cut it with. (with *´®Ω ¢√ú≈ç.)
©†’) éπL-°œ-†-°æ¤púø’, *´®Ω ®√´ôç.
Visesh: Yea. I remember now. But why did -´·çü¿’í¬ ´’†ç prepositions í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊- Spoken English ™ É™«Íí éπ-©’-°æ¤û√ç. É™« ¢√úÕûË
you go to him? I usually remember †oC (§ƒûª lessons ™) ¶«í¬ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ûÁa-éÓ-¢√L. ÉC í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ– É°æ¤púø’ È®çúø’, ´‚úø’ sen- ´’† conversation î√™« effective í¬ Öçô’çC.
something about his helping you. í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆. Prepositions Åçõ‰: above, after, tences †’ join îËÊÆô°æ¤púø’ °j sentences ™™«
ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç. °j pairs of sentences ÅEoçöÀ™
preposition *´®Ω ¢√úøôç correct.
(Å´¤†’. É°æ¤púø’ í∫’®Ìh-*açC Ø√èπ◊. ÅÆæ©’ along, at, before, between, by, down, for, from, èπÿú≈, ¢√öÀE éπL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’ which, that, whose,
Now look at the follow- where, and when omit
†’´¤y ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ áçü¿’-Èé-∞«}´¤? Åûªúø’ in, into, like, near, of, off, ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ î˨»ç éπü∆.
ing pairs of sentences omit examples prepo-
FÍéüÓ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’úøç í∫’Jç* on, out of, over, since, É™« îËÊÆ ´’J-éÌEo îª÷ü∆lç,
and observe how we sitions
ÅÆæp≠ædçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hçC Ø√èπ◊.) through, under, up, with,
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
*´®Ω ´îËaô’x.
vague (= ÅÆæp-≠d-¢
æ Á’i†) X clear. (vague- ¢Áß˝’í˚) can join them with the
without 404 1) We cut the fruit with this knife. It is very
preposition in the end.
™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’.
Sasesh: You were out of town at the time. I sharp. Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀE É™« éπ©’-°æ-´îª’a:
had to spend a) This knife which we
time with cut the fruit with
someone. So I
went to him. He
is very good at
a number of
This knife we cut the fr uit with.. (prep) is very sharp.
b) This knife we cut the
fruit with is very
sharp.
games. Chess is one of them. I learnt place, positions, time, or 1) You are in very smart shirt today.
OöÀE a) ™ which ¢√úÕ éπL§ƒç. b) ™ which
it from him. method ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ nouns/ pronouns Where did you buy it? = Where ™‰èπ◊çú≈ éπL§ƒç. (b) ™™« éπ©-°æ-úø¢Ë’ ¶«í∫’ç-
(Ç Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ †’´¤y Ü∞x ™‰´¤. á´®Ó ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç. OöÀE î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ did you buy the smart shirt you ô’çC. Ææ’©¶µºç èπÿú≈.
äéπJûÓ time í∫úø-§ƒ-L-í∫ü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE §ƒûª lessons ™ îª÷¨»ç. are in? (In *´®Ω ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆?)
2) I am looking for a stick. I want to beat the
Who, whose, etc. ©ûÓ È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ 2) I usually buy all my clothes from
dog with it
¢√∞¡⁄}®Ω’ ¢Á∞«}†’. Åûªúø’ Çô©’ ¶«í¬ (؈’ éπv®Ω éÓÆæç îª÷Ææ’hØ√o. ü∆EûÓ
Çúø-û√úø’. ¢√öÀ™ chess äéπöÀ. ÅûªúÕ sentences †’ éπL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’ preposi- smartdress. I bought this there as
join
èπ◊éπ\†’ éÌõ‰dç-ü¿’èπ◊)– OöÀE îËÊÆh:
ü¿í∫_®Ω ÅC ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊Ø√o.) tions áéπ\úø ¢√ú≈-©-ØËC î√™« ´·êu-¢Á’i† well = I bought this from smart-
a) I am looking for a stick which I want to
Visesh: I now understand why you play the N≠æߪ’ç Modern Spoken English ™. M.SURESAN dress where I usually buy all my
beat the dog with.
game so well. clothes from (from- prep)
Prepositions †’ sentences *´®Ω b) I am looking for a stick I want to beat the
3) You were talking to a tall guy yesterday. Who
dog with.
(É°æ¤púø’ Ø√éπ-®Ωn-´’-®·uçC †’¢Áyçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøôç É°æpöÀ ¢√úø’éπ.
chess Åçûª ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√¢Ó.) was he? = Who was the tall guy you were
In which class are you? (†’¢Ëy class?) a) is more common and more accepted than (b).
Sasesh: Have you seen the cricket bat at my Ñ sentence ™, preposition (prep) sentence 4) talking to, yesterday? (to- prep)
He is Raghu. I spent my last summer with practise
place? He used to practise with it. He
ÉN éÌçîÁç éπ≠dçæ . Åçü¿’-éπE ¶«í¬ îËߪ’çúÕ.
´·çü¿’çC éπü∆? Å®·ûË Modern English him = He is Raghu, who I spent my last sum- O©’†oçûª English îªü¿-´çúÕ.
gave it to me. (´·êuçí¬ Spoken English) ™, sentence *´®Ω mer with. (with- prep)
(´÷ Éçöx cricket bat îª÷ÊÆ Öçö«´¤ ´Ææ’hçC preposition, É™«. 5) I had to spend time with someone. So I went
†’´¤y. Åûªúø’ ü∆EûÓØË practise îËÊÆ- Which class are you in? (†’¢Ëy class ™ Q. i) Applications called for for
to him = I went to him to spend time with.
ÖØ√o´¤?/ †’¢Ëy class?) the post of ... for
(with- prep)
¢√úø’. ÅC Ø√éÀ-îËa-¨»-úø-ûªúø’.) -Ñ -¢√éπuç-™
È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´-î√a?
ii) Ex èπ◊ former èπ◊ ûËú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?
EXERCISE Terrorists hatched the plan to kill
Ç Éü¿l®Ω’ cricketer ©’ äéπ-J-ØÌ-éπ®Ω’ Most Ministers are involved in
MS Benazir Bhutto even before some scandal or the other = - A. Kiranmai, Hyderabad
Match the words under A with
A.
she returned to Pakistan =
¶«í¬ Aô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’. ¢√∞¡}†’ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†-
their meanings under B. Applications called for, for the post of...
Benazir Bhutto §ƒé˙èπ◊ ®√éπ-´·çüË
°æ-®Ω-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ umpire èπ◊ éÌçûª î√™«-´’çC ´’çvûª’©’ v°æï-©†’
A B
Cví¬s¥ç-ûª-°æ-®ΩîË îÁúø’ v°æ´-®Ωh†, ü¿’¨¡a- Ééπ\úø for for,
È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω÷x Å´-Ææ-®Ω¢Ë’. ¢Á·ü¿öÀ
Æ洒ߪ’ç °æöÀdçC.
Bv´-¢√-ü¿’©’ Ç¢Á’ £æ«ûªuèπ◊ èπ◊-vô ®Ωu©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Ö†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Applications - Applications called for =
1. Hatch A. Offend He abused me for no fault of
èπ◊
°æØ√o®Ω’. People in public service should Applications which have been called for.
2. Rude B. Dishonour mine =
2-D. Rude = Impolite = Ill man- guard themselves against scan-
Ø√ ØË®Ωç àç ™‰éπ-§Ú-®·Ø√
È®çúÓ for, for the post of =
Ç ÖüÓuí∫ç éÓÆæç.
3. Abuse C. Quarrel nered-
††’o Åûªúø’ ØÓöÀ-éÌ-*a-†ô’d Aö«dúø’/ dals=
ii) Ex= former-
Éûª-®Ω’©°æôx íı®Ω´ ´’®√u-ü¿©’ v°æñ«-ÊÆ-´™ Ö†o-¢√-∞Î}-´-®Ω-®·Ø√ Å®Ωnç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫ç™ ûËú≈ ™‰ü¿’.
4. Scandal D. Impolite ü¿’®√s¥-≠æ-™«-ú≈úø’.
Q. Biodata, Resume èπ◊ ûËú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?
îª÷°æ-éπ-§Ú´úøç/ ¢Á÷ô’/ ¢Á·®Ωô’í¬ Cví¬s¥ç-A-éπ®Ω ü¿’¨¡a-®Ωu©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç
5. Dispute E. Brood v°æ´-JhçîË. Abuse X Praise/ Commend ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ñ«ví∫-ûªh-°æ-ú≈L.
Scandal X Honour/ Glory - GVSM Patnaik, Chinamerangi
F. Refined He was rude enough not to offer (¢Á’a-éÓ-´úøç)
even a seat to his visitor = Abuse èπ◊ Éçé¬ Å®√n-©’-Ø√o®·. A. Biodata Åçõ‰ äéπJ @Nûª N´-®√©’– ´·êuçí¬
G. Polished (=íı®Ω´ç/ ¢Áj¶µº´ç)
Spoken English ™ ÉC ûª®Ωîª÷ 5-C. Dispute = Quarrel.
KEY:
@N-ûªç™ ≤ƒCµç-*† N´-®√© ñ«Gû√. (Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª-
1-E. Hatch = Brood = ÉçöÀ-éÌ-*a† ÅA-C∑E èπÿ®Óa-´’E èπÿú≈ N¢√ü¿ç.
îÁ°æp-†çûª ¢Á·®Ωô’ Åûªúø’. ¢√úøû√ç. N’í∫û√ Å®√n©’ ûª®√yA les- Border dispute = ÆæJ-£æ«ü¿’l N¢√ü¿ç. ©ûÓ) ´’†ç Job application ™ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æÍ®aN.
son ™. Resume (È®Vu-¢Á’ß˝’– Vu, size ™ ñ¸ ™«) =
(°æèπ~◊©’) í∫’úøx†’ §ÒCT í∫’úø’f †’ç* River waters dispute =
She told him rudely to get out = †D ©
°œ©x©’ •ßª’-öèπ◊ ´îËa™« îËߪ’-úøç. 4-B. Scandal = Dishonour= N¢√ü¿ç. ´’†ç ÖüÓu-í¬-EéÀ apply îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, ´’†
All the eggs have been hatched=
à´÷vûªç ´’®√uü¿ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Åûª-úÕE
•ßª’-ô-Èé-∞¡x-´’çC. Éûª-®Ω’-©†’ Cví¬s¥ç-ûª-°æ-®ΩîË îÁúø’ Nobody buys disputed property- application ™ ÉîËa ´’† Nü∆u-®Ω|-ûª©’, Éçûª-èπ◊-
ÅEo í∫’úøx†’ç* °œ©x©’ •ßª’öéÌ-î√a®·.
Rude X Refined (Ææç≤ƒ\®Ωçí∫©) v°æ´-®Ωh†, îÁúø’ ´u´-£æ…-®√©ûÓ N¢√-ü∆™x Ö†o ÇÆœhE á´®Ω÷ é̆®Ω’. ´·çü¿’/ É°æpöÀ´®Ωèπ◊ îËÆœ† ÖüÓu-í¬-© N´-®√©’.
The eggs are about to hatch = Ææç•çüµ¿ç = scam. Dispute X Agreement Biodata éπç-õ‰ Resume ™ áèπ◊\´ N´-®√-
3-A. Abuse = Offend =
í∫’úøx-™ç* (í∫’úø’x-°õ‰d à v§ƒù„jØ√) Lalu Prasad Yadav was involved G. Polished = good -
Ææç≤ƒ\®Ωçí∫©/ L≤ƒhç. Resume ™ v°æA N´®Ωç É≤ƒhç.
ü¿’®√s¥-≠æ-™«-úøôç/ ØÓöÀ-éÌ-*a-†ô’x AöÀd mannered.
°œ©x©’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ ®√¶-ûª’-Ø√o®·, à Åíı-®Ω´°æ®Ω-îªúøç. in the fodder scandal = °æ¨¡Ÿ-´¤© Resume (American English) = Curriculum
éπ~ùç-™-ØÁjØ√. He is a polished young man = Vitae (CV) (British English)
The two cricketers abused each ¢Ë’ûª èπ◊綵º-éÓùç™ ™«©÷v°æ≤ƒü˛
To hatch (a plan) = àüÁjØ√ ®Ω£æ«Ææu manners Resume
other and it took some time for ߪ÷ü¿¢˛èπ◊ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçü¿ç-ö«®Ω’/ ´’ç* Ö†o ߪ·´-èπ◊úø’. èπ◊ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç– äéπJ v°æÆæçí∫ç, ¢√uÆæç,
É®Ω’-èπ◊\-Ø√oúø’ = (involved) (Refined synonym).
the umpire to calm them- etc ™E ´·ë«uç-¨»©’/ summary.
°æü∑¿-é¬Eo/ èπ◊vô†’ ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç-îªúøç. DEéÀ èπÿú≈

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 6 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Q. i) Assent, Consent; ❖ We were astonished at the six year old
ii) Astonished, Surprised; boy's memory and his ability to do com-
plicated mathematics =
iii) Avenge, Revenge;
Ç ÇÍ®∞¡x ¶«©’úÕ
iv) Bill, Act- -Ñ -°æ-ü∆© Å°æ‹®Ωy ñ«c°æ-éπ-¨¡éÀh, à ÆæçéÀx-≠d-¢æ Á’i† ™„éπ\-™„jØ√ îËߪ’-
í∫-©-í∫úøç, ´÷èπ◊ Cví∫s¥´’ éπL-Tç-*çC.
(Astonish = ´’†ç ®√®·™«, ≤ƒnù’-´¤™« EL*-
Å®Ωn¶µ‰ü¿ç N´-Jç--îªí∫-©®Ω’.
– áç.®Ωç-í∫ߪ’u, É©xçü¿ §Ú-ßË’çûª Ǩ¡a®Ωuç).
A. i) Assent = ÅCµ-é¬-®Ωç™ iii) Avenge - ´’†èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† ¢√JéÀ ïJ-T†
Ö†o-¢√J ÅçU-鬮Ωç/ ÅØ√u-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´’†ç v°æB-鬮Ωç ≤ƒCµç-îªúøç.
eg: He avenged his father's death =
ÅçU-鬮Ωç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-
ߪ’úøç. ûª† ûªçvúÕE îªç°œ-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’.
The president assented/ gave his assent-
Parasurama avenged his father's killing by Q. Corporate °æü∆-EéÀ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Corporate A.
Corporate = äéπ °ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω ÆæçÆænèπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-
ed to the bill passed by the parliament =
Karthaveeryarjuna by killing Kshatriyas = hospital, corporate industries, corporate cul-*†. Corporate hospital = (v°æ¶µº’ûªy/ üµ¿®√tÆæ’°æ-
Parliament bill
ture -
Ç¢Á÷-Cç-*† èπ◊ ®√≠æZ-°æA éπ~vA-ߪ·-©†’ îªç°œ ûª† ûªçvúÕ é¬®ΩhO®√u-®Ω’-b†’-úÕE OöÀ Å®√n©’ àN’öÀ? vûª’-™«x) ÊÆ¢√-ü¿%-éπp-ü∑¿çûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈, ¢√u§ƒ-®Ωçí¬
ÅçU-鬮Ωç ûÁL-§ƒ®Ω’. 2. Hang out Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? -D-E-E ¢√éπuç™
❖ Consent= ņ’-´’A/ ņ’-´’-Aç-îªúøç.
îªç°œ†ç-ü¿’èπ◊, °æ®Ω-¨¡Ÿ-®√-´·úø’ v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. ™«¶µ«-Ê°-éπ~ûÓ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË ÇÆæ’°ævA.
❖ Revenge = ´’†èπ◊ ïJ-T† ÅØ√u-ߪ÷-EéÀ ´’†ç ᙫ, à Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? Corporate Industries = °ü¿l °ü¿l ¢√u§ƒ®Ω
The father gave
v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç. 3. Men are from mars and women from
his consent/ con-
Avenge, Revenge
ÆæçÆæn©’ E®Ωy-£œ«çîË °æJ-v¨¡-´’©’.
Duryodhana took revenge on venus - Ñ ¢√éπuç Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Corporate culture = -¢√u-§ƒ®Ω
sented to their
Pandavas because he felt 4. Side, Aside Å®Ωnç,
marriage =
Side, Aside
¢√∞¡x Ææ çÆæn© †´’t-鬩’, ü¿%éπp-ü∑∆©÷,
insulted by Drowpadi = vüˆ°æC ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? ᙫ Æœ ü∆l¥ç-û√©÷, working habits.
°RxéÀ ûªçvúÕ Ææ´’t-Aç-î√úø’/ ņ’-´’-Aç-î√úø’.
È®çúø’ ´÷ô©÷ ví¬çC∑-éπ-¢Á’i-†¢Ë. °j† îÁ°œp† ûª††’ Å´-´÷-Eç-*ç-ü¿ØË ¶«üµ¿ûÓ ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†’úø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? 2. Hangout = äéπîÓô’ †’ç* ¢ÁRx-
- Naaz Sultana,
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√úøû√ç. v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. §Ú-èπ◊çú≈ Åéπ\úË ûªî√aúøôç.
iv) Parliament/ Assemblies ™ Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç §ÒçC†
ii) Astonished, surprized- Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀéà ŮΩnç Hyderabad Get going. Don't hangout here any longer =
B®√t†ç– Bill. ÅC
Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-´úøç ÅØË. Å®·ûË, surprized Åçõ‰ ®√≠æZ-°æA/ Éçéπ-†úø÷. à´÷vûªç Ééπ Ééπ\úø Öçúøèπ◊.
3.
Governor ÅçU-
´’†ç ņ’-éÓE °∂æ’-ô† àüÁjØ√ ïJ-T-†-°æ¤púø’ ´’†èπ◊ ÉC ñA≠æç™E ´÷ô.
éπLÍí ¶µ«´ç. Astonish Åçõ‰ surprize éπçõ‰ 鬮Ωç §ÒçC† Mars = Åçí¬-®Ω-èπ◊úø’
î√™« áèπ◊\´ Ǩ¡a®Ωuç– Cví∫s¥´’ éπL-Tç-îËC ÅE.
ÅÆæ©’ Ü£œ«ç-îªE N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ï®Ω-í∫-úøç-´©x éπLÍí
ûª®√yûª îªôdç– Act
Å´¤-ûª’çC. -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 405 M.SURESAN
Venus = ¨¡Ÿvéπ-ví∫£æ«ç.
4. Side = °æéπ\†. Aside = äéπ-JéÀ ûÁL-ߪ’-èπ◊çú≈
Ǩ¡a®Ωuç. ÉçéÌ-éπ-JûÓ ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu©’ ´÷ö«x-úøôç.
❖ I was surprized at his pres- He said this in an aside =
ence there = Åûª-†-éπ\úø Öçúøôç
îª÷Æœ Ǩ¡a-®Ωu-§Ú-ߪ÷†’ (Åûª-†-éπ\úø
Öçö«-úø-†’-éÓ-™‰ü¿’/ ÖØ√oúø’).
Don't hangout her e any longer ÉC Ø√ûÓ ÅØ√oúø’ (Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊
NE°œç-îª-èπ◊çú≈).

I saw each car pass by =

Q. 1. Each, every ûËú≈ -à-N’-öÀ?
2. It is useful to/ for me.
It is convenient to/ for me. etc.
É™«çöÀ
©™ àC ®√ߪ÷L? àüÁjØ√ ®Ω÷™¸ Öçü∆?
3. He sold half of his property.
Half of the fruit is bad.
4. Cotton clothes, iron box
wool clothes, gold medal
wood horse Å-ØÌî√a?
sentences ™
Ñ ¢√é¬u-©†’ of ™‰èπ◊çú≈ ®√ßÁ·î√a?
Åçö«ç éπü∆? Woollen clothes †’
†’ golden medal, wooden horse †’
- T. Siva, Nandikotkuru
car
v°æA É™« ¢Á∞¡xúøç/ É™«-¢Á-Rx† v°æA
I saw every car pass by =
to, for
É™« cars ¢Á∞¡xúøç/ ÅEo cars É™« ¢Á∞¡xúøç
(Åéπ\-úø’†o ÅEo cars É™« ¢Á∞¡xúøç) îª÷¨»†’.
2. Useful to somebody = äéπ ´uéÀhéÀ (to) Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç, useful for
something= äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç (for)
a) Tools are useful to mechanics for their repairing work=
(for repairing work),
´’®Ω-´’t-ûª’©’ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊
mechanics
3. Half of his property = Half his property- ᙫ ®√ÆœØ√ correct.
car
4. î√™« ´’ç* v°æ¨¡o. Cotton, iron N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, ¢√öÀéÀ cotton/ iron
†÷ îª÷¨»†’.
ûÓ îËÆœ† ÅØË Å®Ωn-N’îËa adjectives èπÿú≈ cotton, iron. Åçü¿’-éπE
cotton cloth/ clothes, iron trunk, iron rod Åçö«ç.
Wool N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ wool ûÓ îËÆ œ† ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa adjective,
woollen ÅE ¢ËÍ® ÖçC 鬕öÀd woollen clothes Åçö«ç.
Ééπ •çí¬®ΩçûÓ îËÆœ† ÅE Å®Ωnç, gold èπÿ ÖçC. Golden èπÿ
ÖçC. Å®·ûË ´÷´‚©’ ¶µ«≠æ™ •çí¬-®Ω°æ¤ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ gold
°æJ-éπ-®√©’ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC. •çí¬-®Ω°æ¤ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ golden ÅØË

Each, Every
´÷ô†’, áèπ◊\-´í¬ ≤ƒ£œ«-ûªuç™ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. •çí¬-®Ωç-™«çöÀ (Åûªuçûª
A. 1. Each Åçõ‰ ã group ™ v°æA ´Ææ’h´‹/ v°æA ´uéÀh (äéÌ\éπ\) ÅE. to èπ◊ ( N©’´ Ö†o) ÅØË Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË (•çí¬-®Ω°æ¤ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ é¬èπ◊çú≈) gold-
Every Åçõ‰ ã group ™ ÅFo/ Åçü¿®Ω÷ ÅE. mechanics) en, ņúøç ¢√úø’éπ (usage).
Each boy here has a book = Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç. Wool, woollen ™«í¬ØË, wood, wooden. Wooden- îÁéπ\-ûÓ-îË-Æ œ†–
Ééπ\úø Ö†o v°æA Ŷ«s-®·éà 㠰æ¤Ææhéπç ÖçC. b) This book is useful to you (Fèπ◊/ ´uéÀhéÀ) for your research wooden furniture; wooden chair, etc. (wood work= îÁéπ\-°æE).
( Wooden èπ◊ ´’®Ó Å®Ωnç, ´·êç™ ¶µ«¢√-™‰-O’ éπ-E°œç-îª-E.
Every boy here has a book=
F °æJ-¨-üµ¿-†èπ◊/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ)
Ééπ\úø Ö†o Ŷ«s-®·-©ç-ü¿-Jéà °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·. Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ: Convenient for somebody for something This actor's face is wooden =
Each of them received a gift = A car will be convenient for me for my movements = Ñ †ô’úø’ ûª† ¢Á·£æ«ç™ ¶µ«¢√-™‰-O’ îª÷°æ-™‰-úø’. (†ô-†-®√ü¿’).
¢√∞¡x™x v°æA äéπ\®Ω÷ äéÓ\ •£æ›-´’A §Òçü∆®Ω’. ؈’ AJ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ car ≤˘éπ-®Ωuçí¬ Öçô’çC. Her delivery of dialogues is wooden =
Every one of them received gifts = É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ rules Öçúø´¤, ÉN ¢√úø’éπ. îªü¿-´-úøç-´©x, dictionary, Ç¢Á’ (†öÀ) Ææ綵«-≠æ-ù™x £æ…´-¶µ«-¢√™‰ç éπE°œç-¤.
¢√∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’ §Òçü∆®Ω’. grammar books ≤ƒßª’çûÓ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. (Dialogues °æ©-éπúøç îËûª-é¬ü¿’.)

Q. English to Telugu to Q. 1. Future tense ™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-TçîË shall, 2. Mayor, actor, poet, etc femi-
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ Who gave it to you = FéπC á´®Ω’ Éî√a®Ω’? Q. O’®Ω’ 19.08.2007 Spoken
English dictio-
èπ◊ will © ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. nine forms (Mayoress, actress, poetess, Who did you give it to? = English ™ Out of the six best
naries author
à N 2. Mayor èπ◊ feminine noun - Mayoress etc) Modern English
Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, ™ ¢√öÀ-E in the class she is the top ÅE
†’´yC á´-J-éÀ-î√a´¤?
Å®·ûË ¶«í∫’ç-ö«ßÁ÷ éπü∆! ´’J Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úøèπ◊ lady Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’. ´’í∫-¢√-∞¡x-ÈéjØ√, Çúø-¢√-∞¡x-ÈéjØ√ äÍé Who saw you there? = ®√¨»®Ω’. é¬F bestÅØËC á°æ¤púø÷
ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. mayoress ÅØ√L. °æü¿ç ¢√úøôç äéπ\õ‰ Öçô’çC éπü∆? ( superla-
- K. Vijay, Kadapa
E†o-éπ\úø á´®Ω’ îª÷¨»®Ω’? tive)
Mayor Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Whom - Who
É°æpöÀ °æü¿l¥A. Who did you see there? =
ü∆Eo É™« îÁÊ°h ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC
A. É°æp-öÀéà ¨¡çéπ-®Ω-Ø√-®√- áçü¿’èπ◊? eg: She is a éπü∆? Out of the six top students
ߪ’ù Telugu to 3. Spoken English-367 great singer
†’´y-éπ\úø á´JE îª÷¨»´¤. in the class she is the best.
English Dictionary, (Songstress = 4. The point is why you didn't tell this to - P. Srinivas, Vegayammapeta
lesson Who gave
me? sentence Why you didn't tell
™
the best. A. Best
Ñ ™
this news to you?
í¬ßª’E ¢√úøôç ™‰ü¿’) ÅØËC äéπ\õ‰ Öçú≈-©E ņ™‰ç
ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Å-™« this to me, question
Q. 3. Who ûÓ Question begin îËÆ œ-†-°æ¤púø’, ü∆E éπü∆? One of the best ÅØËC ¢√úø’-
ÅØËC é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?
I request you to Who did give this news to
Why you didn't tell this to me Åçõ‰ Ééπ\úÕ
é¬èπ◊ç-ú≈
kindly let me know you? ņ-èπÿ-úøü∆? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ûª®√yûª helping verbs like do, does & did éπ™ ÖçC éπü∆? He is one of the
the Indirect speech 4. The point is why you didn't tell this to
®√´¤ . ÉC who = á´®Ω’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úÕûË. Å®Ωnç, †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√ûÓ îÁ°æp-™‰-ü¿-ØËC, ÅE Å®Ωnç, best students in the class
for this: "Do you go English ™ á´-JE, á´-JéÀ, ÅØË Question é¬ü¿’ 鬕öÀd helping verb ®√ü¿’, of the six
me ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Question word ûª®√yûª
É°æp öÀ Åçö«ç éπü∆? È®çúÓC,
to Agra this year?'' whom •ü¿’©’ who ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. ®√èπÿúøü¿’. The point is why you didn't .. top students, she is the best,
helping verb ®√¢√L éπü∆? Why didn't
Å®Ω nçûÓ -
she said to Kamala. Whom ¢√úøéπç É°æpöÀ English ™ ™‰ü¿’) ņúøç correct.
you tell this to me ÅE ®√ߪ’-èπÿ-úøü∆?
( ņo-°æ¤púø’ í∫´’-Eç-î√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç–
- A. Bunganna, Kurnool who †’ á´-JE á´-JéÀ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ whom Nobody knows where he is (Åûª-ØÁ-éπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ top Åçõ‰ ÅEoçöx
A. She asked Kamala - T. Vijayapal, Vijayawada •ü¿’©’ ¢√úÕûË Å°æ¤púø’ questions ™ who á´-Jéà ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ü¿’)– ..where he is = áéπ\-úø’-Ø√oúÓ– íÌ°æpC/ Åçü¿-J™ íÌ°æp-¢√®Ω’ ÅE
if she would go to A. 1. Shall, will ûËú≈©’ î√™« N´-®Ωçí¬ Éçûª-èπ◊- ûª®√yûª do, does, did ™«çöÀ ´÷ô©’ (help- question é¬ü¿’-éπü∆. Åçü¿’-éπE Where is he éπü∆? Åçõ‰ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ top ÅØËC
Agra that year. ´·çü¿’ lessons ™ ÖØ√o®·. îª÷úøçúÕ. ing verbs) ¢√úøû√ç. ņç... Where he is ņ-úø¢Ë’ correct. äéπ-JÍé/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷-EÍé.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 8 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Tejas: Vihar, you've been searching for a book. Tejas: It is not just reading, you know. I have to
Is this it? study it and make notes. Just a few days.
(†’´¤y ã °æ¤Ææhéπç éÓÆæç ¢Áûª’-èπ◊-ûª’-Ø√o´¤. ÉüËØ√ Let's say the weekend.
ÅC?) (ÅC Íé´©ç îªü¿-´ôç é¬ü¿’-éπü∆. ü∆Eo ¶«í¬
Vihar: That certainly it is. Where did you see it? °æJ-Q-Lç* îªCN notes ®√Ææ’éÓ¢√L. éÌCl
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÅüË. áéπ\úø éπE-°œç-*çC Fèπ◊?) ®ÓV©’. Ñ ¢√®√çûªç ņ’éÓ.)
Tejas: You lent it to Vinai. He asked me to give Vihar: OK then. But do let me have it.
it back to you. (ÆæÍ®. é¬F Ø√é¬ °æ¤Ææhéπç ´÷vûªç É´¤y)
(†’´yC N†-ß˝’-éÀ-î √a´¤. Åûªúø’ Fèπ◊ Look at the following sentence pairs from the
DEoîËaߪ’´’-Ø√oúø’.) dialogue above.
Here it is. (ÉCíÓ) 1) You've been searching for a book. Is this it? 2) You lent it to Vinai. He asked me to give it
[I bought a pen yesterday. It is this.
Vihar: How forgetful of me. I lent the book to 2) You lent it to Vinai. He asked me to give it
Ééπ\úø
back to you.
Pen, subject sentence
him. I clean forgot it. back to you.
é¬ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE †’
Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF, É™«çöÀ sentences E éπL-Ê°--ô°æ¤púø’ which/ that omit
éπL-Ê°-ô-°æ¤púø’ îËߪ’-í∫©ç.)
(áçûª ´’A-´’-®Ω°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊! Åûª-úÕéà °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a- 3) I had lent it to him. I clean forgot about it. é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫ûªh Å´-Ææ®Ωç. éÌClí¬ éπ≠dçæ . îª÷úøçúÕ. This is the pen which/ that I bought yesterday
†E °æ‹Jhí¬ ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷-ØËo†’.) 4) It is a wonderful book. It tells us how to devel- Vinai who you lent the book to, asked me to
Tejas: What's the book about? = This is the pen I bought yesterday.
op self confidence. give it back to you.
5) The author has a son. He is famous too =
(üËEo í∫’Jç* °æ¤Ææhéπç ÅC?) 5) The author has a son. He is famous too. Vinai who you lent the book to = Vinai to
Vihar: It's a wonderful book. It tells us how to 6) He writes books on the same subject. They The author has a son who is famous too.
whom you lent the book - whom É°æ¤púø’ É™«
develop self confidence. are well known too. who to
¢√úø-ôç-™‰-ü¿E, ü∆E-•-ü¿’©’ Åçö«-®ΩE ´’†ç (Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ who ´·êuç. Omit îËߪ’ôç
(Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† °æ¤Ææhéπç ÉC. Çûªt-N-¨»yÆæç ᙫ 7) Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao recommended î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x îª÷¨»ç. èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’.)
°ç-éÓ-¢√™ îÁ°æ¤hçC.) their books to me. He conducts training pro- A: I gave the book to Satish. 6) He writes books on the same subject. They
Tejas: How about lending it to me for a few grammes on the same subject. B: Who to? (To whom •ü¿’©’) = á´-JéÀ? are well known too.
days? Who, sentences He writes books on
Éçûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ ´’†ç 3) I lent the book to Ñ È®çúø’ †÷
(éÌEo ®ÓV-©-§ƒô’ Ø√é¬-°æ¤-Ææhéπç É≤ƒh¢√?) whose, which, that, when, him. I clean forgot the same subjects which are well known too
Vihar: Certainly, but let me finish it. This author where
©ûÓ È®çúø’ sen- about it = I clean ÅE éπL§ƒç ņ’-éÓçúÕ. Å°æ¤púø’which books
has a son. He is famous too. tences
ᙫ
(ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈. ¢Á·ü¿ô ††’o ü∆Eo °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’F. îª÷¨»ç éπü∆?
join
îËßÁ·îÓa
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 406 forgot (that) I lent it
to him.
subject
í∫’Jç* îÁ°æp-èπ◊çú≈, ü∆EéÀ ü¿í∫_-®Ω’†o
í∫’Jç* îÁ°œp-†-ôx-´¤-ûª’çC. 鬕öÀd É™«çöÀ Ææ´’Ææu
Ñ ®Ωîª-®·ûªéÌéπ éÌúø’-èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, which ûÓ éπLÊ° °æØË-™‰-èπ◊çú≈,
and ûÓ éπL-°œûË problem Öçúøü¿’.

The stench of cor r uption fills India

Åûª†’ èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ Ê°®Ω’-†o-¢√úË.)
Tejas: Does he write on the same He writes books on the same subject
subjects too? and they are famous too. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
(Åûªúø’ èπÿú≈ ÉüË N≠æ-ߪ÷© O’ü¿ which 鬢√-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, É™« éπ©’-°æ¤û√ç.
®√≤ƒhú≈?) The books (which/ that) he writes on
Vihar: He does. They are well known too. (Åûª-úÕéÀ °æ¤Ææhéπç Éî√a†’. ÅC ؈’ the same subject are famous too.
Ñ≤ƒJ ÅüË °æü¿l¥-A™ é¬Ææh §Òúø’-í¬öÀ
(Å´¤†’. ÅûªúÕ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ Ê°®Ω’- sentences ᙫ join îËߪ’-í∫-©¢Á÷ ûÁ©’-Ææ’- ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷†’ = Åûª-úÕéÀ °æ¤Ææhéπç (Ééπ\úø which/ that ´C-™‰-ßÁ·îª’a)
†o¢Ë.) èπ◊çü∆ç. É™« join îËÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’, ûÁ©’-í∫’™E Éî√a-†E ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ߪ÷†’) 7) Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao recommended
Tejas: Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao recom- ¢Á·ü¿öÀ sentence, English ™ *´®Ω 4) It is a wonderful book. It tells us their books to me. He conducts training pro-
mended their books to me. He also con- ®√´îª’a; Éçü¿’èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπ¢Ë’ Ŵa. ´’†ç how to develop self confidence. grammes on the same subject.
ducts training programmes on these sub- ᙫ join îËÆ œØ√
It is wonderful book which (that) = Our lecturer Sambasiva Rao who recom-
Å®Ωnç ´÷vûªç
jects. ´÷®Ωèπÿúøü¿’. ÅC ´·êuç. tells us how to develop self confi- mended their books to me conducts training
M.SURESAN
(¢√∞¡x °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ îªü¿-¢√-©E ´’† lecturer 1) You've been searching for a book. dence. programmes on the same subject.
Sambasiva Rao îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Çߪ’† èπÿú≈ Ñ Is this it? - book- inanimate (ÅîË-ûª-†-¢Á’i†/
v§ƒùç-™‰E– Åçü¿’-éπE which ûÓ join îË≤ƒhç.) (Ééπ\úø ´’†ç which/ that, ´C-™‰ßª’ú≈EéÀ ™‰ü¿’. Ñ sentence pairs (¢√é¬u© ïûª-©)†’ éπ©-°æúøç
N≠æߪ÷™x Péπ~ù ûª®Ω-í∫-ûª’©’ E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
Is this the book which you've been searching
áçü¿’-éπçõ‰, Ééπ\úø which/ that ûÁL-Ê°C, sentence éÌçîÁç éπ≠d-¢æ Á’i-†üË. Åçü¿’-éπE é¬Ææh practice Å´-
Vihar: When do you think you can finish the subject Ææ®Ωç. O’®Ω’ join îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·-†çûª ´÷vû√† ÅüµÁj-®Ωu-
for? í∫’Jç*.)
book? sentence No.1 ™ Å®·ûË which/ that, °æ-úø-†-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’, îªü¿’-´¤ûª÷, practise îËÆæ÷h Öçõ‰
Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îª÷¨»ç. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx which ´C-™‰- ÅüË
(°æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo á°æ¤púø’ °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-í∫-©†E ņ’èπ◊çô’- ßÁ·-îªaE. book í∫ ’Jç* îÁ§ƒh®·. Ééπ\úø book subject ÅüË ´Ææ’hçC.
Ø√o´¤?) Is this book you've been looking for. é¬ü¿’. Åçü¿ ’-éπE which/ that, ´C-™‰-ßÁ·îª’a.

EXERCISE I EXERCISE II 2- A, G. Profile = Sideview (of head), Outline 4-B. Stench= Stink =
Join the following pairs of sentences Match the words under A with their (side-
°æéπ\-†’ç* îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ äéπ ´uéÀh ´·ê-Í®ê ü¿’®√y-Ææ†/ éπç°æ¤/ èπ◊∞¡Ÿx éπç°æ¤.
using who, whom, whose, which/ that. meanings under B view of a person's head & face), (áü¿’-öÀ-†’ç* The stench of the dead bodies at the place of
1) He has two sons. They are the same height A B
îª÷Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’ é¬èπ◊çú≈). the accident filled the air = ¨¡¢√© ü¿’®√y-Ææ†
as he. (who) NT RamaRao had an impressive profile =
1. Braggart A. Sideview (of head)
(èπ◊∞¡Ÿx, éπç°æ¤) ûÓ EçúÕ-§Ú-®·ç-ü¿-éπ\úø í¬©çû√.
NT ®√´÷-®√´¤ ¢Á·£æ«ç (sideview) ´’†-Ææ’q-†’ The stench of corruption fills India =
2) There are two rooms upstairs. They have 2. Profile B. Stink
not been used for years. (which/ that) 3. Deserve C. Wish
-Çéπô’d-èπ◊-ØËC. ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Åçû√ ÅN-FA èπ◊∞¡Ÿx-éπç-°æ¤ûÓ EçúÕ ÖçC.
The stench of something burning could be
3) Is that your teacher? His son left for the 4. Stench D. Earn
äéπ-JE/ äéπ-ü∆E í∫’Jç* ´·êu-¢Á’i† N´-®√©’ èπÿú≈
profile. felt strongly =
states last week. (whose)
àüÓ é¬L† ü¿’®√y-Ææ† ´≤ÚhçC.
5. Frown E. Boaster X fragrance
4) A few attended the lecture. They found it Let me have a profile of the company = (Ææ’¢√-Ææ†)
F. Glare 5-F. Frown = Glare =
interesting. (who/ that) Ç éπç°E N´-®√©’ (ü∆E îªJvûª ÆæçéÀ~-°æhçí¬) Ø√èπ◊ ØÌÆæ©’ *öÀxç* éÓ°æç/ Bv´
G. Outline ÅÆæ-´’tA ûÁ©-°æúøç.
5) This pen is Ramesh's. He is not here now. ûÁ©’°æ¤.
KEY: 1-E. Braggart = Boaster = íÌ°æp©’ îÁ°æ¤p- High profile = v°æ´·-ê-¢Á’i†. The minute I turn on the TV, I see a frown on
(whose)
éÌ-ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx/ v°æí∫-™«s¥©’ °æL-Íé-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Brag = Boast my dad's face = TV on
ANSWERS He is a high profile actor. ؈’ îËÊÆh î√©’, ´÷
= v°æí∫-™«s¥©’ °æ©-éπôç/ íÌ°æp©’ îÁ°æ¤p-éÓ-´úøç.
3-D. Deserve= Earn=
Ø√†o ¢Á·£æ«ç-O’ü¿ ØÌÆæ©’ *öÀxç-°æ¤ûÓ éÓ°æç/ ÅÆæ-
1) He has two sons who are the same height Team India did not live up to its brag=
Å®Ω|ûª §Òçü¿úøç. ´’tA Öçö«®·.
as he. Kumble deserves to be the captain =
¶µ«®Ωûª ïô’d ûª† v°æí∫-™«s¥©’ Eïç îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·çC. frown = éÓ°æç, ÅÆæ-´’tAûÓ ØÌÆæ©’ *öÀxç-îªúøç.
2) There are two rooms upstairs which/ that Captain
Elders frown at youngsters talking of love and
í¬ ÖçúË-ü¿’èπ◊ èπ◊綉xèπ◊ ûªT† Å®Ω|ûª ÖçC.
Uttarakumara (the Mahabharatam) was a
have not been used for years. Most ministers don't deserve to be ministers
braggart/ boaster= sex = *†o-¢√∞¡Ÿx vÊ°´’, ¨¡%çí¬®Ωç í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-
3) Is that your teacher whose son left for the = ´’çvûª’™x áèπ◊\-´-´’çC Ç °æü¿-´¤-©èπ◊ Å®Ω’|-©’-鬮Ω’. úøôç °ü¿l-¢√-∞¡xèπ◊ éÓ°æç ûÁ°œp-Ææ’hçC.
states last week?
¶µ«®Ω-ûªç™ Öûªh-®Ω-èπ◊-´÷-®Ω’úø’ v°æí∫-™«s¥-©-´÷J. (earn = v°æA¶µº, éπ%≠œ ´©x Å®Ω|ûª Ææ秃-Cç--éÓ-´úøç)
Each political party boasts of its achieve- Glare = éÓ°æçí¬ îª÷úøôç.
4) The few who attended the lecture found it He deserves the punishment/ to be punished He glared at me when I asked for more salary
ment=
interesting. = Åûªúø’ Ç Péπ~èπ◊ Å®Ω’|úø’. = áèπ◊\´ @ûªç ÅúÕ-T-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Ø√¢Áj°æ¤ éÓ°æçí¬
5) Ramesh whose pen this is is not here.
v°æA §ƒKd û√†’ ≤ƒCµç-*-†-ü∆E í∫’Jç* íÌ°æp©’ îÁ°æ¤p- frown X smile.
undeserving = Å®Ω|-ûª-™‰E. îª÷¨»úø’.
éÌç-ô’çC.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 10 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Ramesh: Do you know if Jagadish is back from
the US?
(àç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úøèπ◊. Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ûªèπ◊\´ üµ¿®Ωèπ◊,
Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ´’ç* cell phones Fèπ◊ üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-
(ïí∫-D≠ˇ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* AJ-íÌ-î√aú≈ ™‰ü∆ û√®·. ÅEo ®Ω鬩 cell phones market ™
ÅØËC FÍé-¢Á’iØ√ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) ¢Á©’x-¢Á-ûª’h-ûª’-Ø√o®·.)
Naresh: Of course he is. He landed in Chennai
Ramesh: Help me choose one.
a few days ago. I don't remember
exactly whether it was last Wednesday (Ø√éÌ-éπöÀ select îËÆœ-°ô’d).
or Thursday, but he called me from Naresh: Depends on whether you want an
Chennai one of those days. ordinary cell or one with additional
(´î√a-úø’™‰. éÌEo-®Ó-V© éÀçü¿õ‰ îÁØÁj o™ features like Camera, FM radio, etc.
Cí¬úø’. •’üµ¿-¢√-®Ω¢Á÷, í∫’®Ω’-¢√-®Ω¢Á÷ í∫’®Ω’h-™‰ü¿’ (FÈé-™«çöÀ cell 鬢√™ ü∆E-O’ü¿ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æúÕ
é¬F, Ç È®çvúÓ-V™x äéπ-®ÓV Ø√èπ◊ phone Öçô’çC– ´÷´‚©’ cell 鬢√™, ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ I do not know whether/ if he did it or his 6) I am not sure if I can get the same kind of
î˨»úø’.) Åü¿-†°æ¤ features- Camera, FM radio brother= piece again.
Ramesh: He told us that he would get us some ™«çöÀN ÖçúËü∆ ÅØË-ü∆-Eo-•öÀd.) 7) Depends on whether you want an ordinary
books from the US. Any idea if he has Ramesh: Depends on my pocket too, doesn't it? ÅC îËÆœçC Åûªú≈ ÅûªúÕ ûª´·tú≈ ÅØËC Ø√èπ◊
cell or one with additional features.
brought them or not? ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. È®çúÕçöÀ/ Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u– ÅØË N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo
1) Is Jagadish back from the US? Do you
(ÅC Ø√ û√£æ«-ûª’-†’-•öÀd èπÿú≈ Öçô’çC
(Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* ´’†-Íé¢Ó °æ¤Ææh-鬩’ ûÁ≤ƒh-†- éπü∆?) í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«xúË-ô-°æ¤púø’ Ñ whether/ if ¢√úøû√ç. know: (ïí∫-D≠ˇ Å¢Á’-Jé¬ †’ç* AJ-íÌ-î√aú≈?
Ø√oúø’. ûÁî√aú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅØË-üË-´’Ø√o ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) Naresh: It certainly does. (ÅçûË-éπü∆) I am unable to say whether I am happy or sad sentences
FÍé-´’Ø√o ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)– Ñ È®çúø’ †÷
Naresh: No. He said he would call you too. Ramesh: Let us see = ØËØË îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’- if/ whetherûÓ éπL-°œûË:
Didn't he? tomorrow. Do you know if Jagadish is back from the US
Ø√o†’, ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬
(™‰ü¿’. Fèπÿ phone îË≤ƒh-†E ÅØ√oúø’. îËߪ’- (or not)?
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
(Í®°æ¤ îª÷ü∆lç). ÖØ√oØ√, ü¿’”êçí¬
™‰ü∆?)



407 ÖØ√oØ√ ÅE. 2) Was it last Wednesday or Thursday? + I don't
Ramesh: He must have. I haven't had my cell remember = I do not remember
about me for the past few whether/ if it was last Wednesday or
days.

Has he come? Do you know?

Thursday.
(îËÊÆ Öçö«úø’. éÌCl-®Ó-V-©’í¬ 3) Has he brought them or not?
Ø√ cell Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω ™‰ü¿’.) (Have you) any idea? = (Have
Naresh: Why? What happened? you) any idea whether/ if he has
(à´’-®·çD?) brought them or not?
Ramesh: It hit the floor as it slipped from my Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ ´’†ç Who, whose, 2) ´’†èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’– Direct speech ™ 4) The cell phone technician doubts if it can be
pocket. The cell technician doubts if it which, that, when, where
ûÓ sentences Ö†o 'Non Wh' questions †’ repaired at all = Can it be repaired at all (or
can be repaired at all. join not)? + The cell phone technician doubts.
îËߪ’úøç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’ Indirect speech ™éÀ ´÷Í®a-ô-°æ¤púø’,
join
(Ø√ ñ‰•’-™ç* ñ«J ØË©-O’ü¿ °æúÕçC. Åü¿-Ææ- ¢ËÍ® Å®√n-©ûÓ ¢ËÍ® ®Ωéπçí¬ îËߪ’úøç ûÁ©’- If/ whether ¢√úø-û√-´’E. 5) Is it an expensive piece or not? + I do not
Lçé¬ °æE-îË-Ææ’hçü∆ ÅE Ç cell technician Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç. Ñ join
îËߪ’úøç Spoken "Can you do it?" he said to me. know = I do not know if/ whether it is an
èπ◊ ņ’-´÷-†çí¬ ÖçC). English common. Real life sit- expensive piece (or not)
™ î√™« (Direct speech)
Naresh: I do not know if it is an expensive uations 6) Can I get the same kind of piece? + I am not
He asked me if (whether) he could
™ î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√ú≈Lq ´Ææ’hçC.
piece, but it is very nice to look at. practise M.SURESAN sure = I am not sure whether/ if I can get the
do it.
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊E îËü∆lç.
Has he come? Do you know? same kind of piece.
(= ¢√úø’ ´î√aú≈? Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?)– Ñ È®çúø’ sen- Now look
at the following



(ÅC êK-üÁjçü∆ é¬ü∆ ÅØËC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’
é¬F, îª÷úø-ö«-EéÀ î√™« ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC).
sentences from the
Ñ sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™ whether/ if sentence
Ramesh: You let it is expensive. I am not sure if tences †÷ É™« join îË≤ƒhç:
passage above.
´’üµ¿u™ ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? É™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ sentence †’
I can get the same kind of piece Do you know whether/ if he has come or not? ´’†ç if/ whether ûÓØË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´îª’a.
again. = Åûª-ØÌ-î √aúÓ ™‰üÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ? 1) Do you know if Jagadish is back from the US?
a) Is he is going to help me? + It is doubtful=
(éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÅC î√™« êK-üÁjçüË. Å™«ç-öÀC îª ÷ ¨»ç éπü∆? É™«çöÀ sentences †’ éπL -Ê°ç- 2) I don't remember exactly whether it was last If he is going to help me (or not) is doubt-
ÉçéÓöÀ üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-ûª’çü∆ ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç Ø√èπ◊ ü¿’èπ◊, whether é¬F if é¬F àü¿-®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa. Å®·ûË Wednesday or Thursday. ful/ It is doubtful if he is going to help me.
ņ’-´÷-†¢Ë’) áèπ◊\-´í¬ whether ¢√úø-ô¢Ë’ ÆæÈ®jç-ü¿ç-ö«®Ω’. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ 3) Any idea if he has brought them or not? b) Is he a Congressman or TDP man? + It is
Naresh: Don't worry. You can get much better whether Åçõ‰ Å´¤Ø√?/ é¬ü∆? ÅE ´÷vûª¢Ë’. If éÀ 4) The cell phone technician doubts if it can be very difficult to say = If/ whether he is a
pieces than that for a much less price. Å´¤Ø√?/ é¬ü∆? ÅØË é¬èπ◊çú≈ Éûª®Ω Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ repaired at all. Congressman or TDP man is difficult to
The market is flood with all kinds of ÖØ√o®·. (If= Å®·ûË ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC éπü∆?) 5) I do not know whether it is an expensive say.
cells. Å®·ûË If *†o-´÷ô´úøçûÓ, ÅüË áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úø-û√®Ω’. piece.

EXERCISE I EXERCISE II
Practise the following aloud in English. Match the words under A with their
meanings under B
Ram:
A B
Åûª-†-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúÓ ™‰úÓ Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?
Som: Ø√È陫 ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC? Åûª-†-éπ\-úÕéÀ •ßª’-©’-üË-®√ú≈ 1. Fuss A. Dodge/ Avoid
™‰ü∆ ÅØË N≠æߪ’ç èπÿú≈ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊. 2. Renew B. Stopgap
Ram: FÍé-´’Ø√o ņ’-´÷-†´÷ ¢√úø-Ææ©’ ¢Á∞«hú≈ ™‰ú≈ ÅE? 3. Circumvent C. Injury
Som: Å™« ÅE é¬ü¿’. Åûªúø’ Ñ®ÓV ¢Á∞«hú≈ Í®°æ¤ 4. Trait D. Complain
5. Makeshift E. Characteristic
¢Á∞«hú≈ ÅØËüË Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’E N≠æߪ’ç. F. Resume
Ram: Åéπ\-úÕéÀ ¢ÁRxØ√ èπÿú≈, Ñ N≠æߪ’ç í∫’®Ω’hç-- G. Rotate.
èπ◊ç-ö«ú≈ ™‰ü∆ ÅE Ø√ ¶µºßª’ç. KEY: 1-D. Fuss= Complain= *†o*†o N≠æ-ߪ÷©
Som: ؈’ Åûª-úÕE Ñ N≠æߪ’ç á´-JûÓ îªJa-≤ƒh-´E
í∫’Jç* †Ææ/ íÌúø-´-°-ôdúøç/ ÖvüË-éπ-°æ-úøôç.
Åúø-í∫úøç ´’®Ω-*-§Úߪ÷. Officer ûÓØ√ Çߪ’† He fusses over a few rupees he had to spend
PA ûÓØ√ Åûªúø’ îªJaç-îª-¶-ßË’C? extra = È®çúø’ ´‚vúø÷-§ƒ-ߪ’-™„-èπ◊\´ ê®Ωa-®·ç-ü¿E
Ram: Ø√èπÿ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’.
àç †Ææ °úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúÓ (àç ¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúÓ).
ANSWER "Mom, I bunked just one class in a whole
Ram: Do you know if he is there? month. Why fuss so much about it" =
Som: How do I know? I don't even know if he Å´÷t ØÁ© ¢Á·ûªhç™ ؈’-¢Á-∞¡xçC äéπ\ class èπ◊
has started for the place or not. éπü∆. áçü¿’-éπçûª íÌúø´ îË≤ƒh´¤ ü∆Eo í∫’Jç*?
Ram: Do you doubt if he has started or not? Don't make a fuss about small things. Get on
Som: Not that. What I don't know is whether with the work = *†o *†o N≠æ-ߪ÷© í∫’Jç*
he will start today or tomorrow. íÌúø´ îËߪ’-èπ◊çú≈ °æE-é¬F.
Ram: My fear is even if he goes there whether fussy= v§ƒ´·-êuç-™‰E N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ °æöÀdç--éÌØË.
he will remember this or not. She is fussy about even about the water she
Som: I forgot to ask him who he is going to dis- drinks = ´÷´‚-©’í¬ û√Íí F∞¡x N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ èπÿú≈
cuss the matter with the Officer or his PA? Ç¢Á’èπ◊ ņ´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i† °æöÀdçÊ°.
Ram: I don't know either. fussy x easy going.
2-F. Renew = Resume = °æ¤†”-v§ƒ-®Ωç-Gµç-îªúøç/ 4-E. Trait = Characteristic = ©éπ~ùç (äéπJ
°æ¤†-®Ω’-ü¿l¥-Jç-îªúøç. Ææy¶µ«-´ç-™E ©éπ~ùç)
We have to renew our driving licenses which a) Honesty, truth and non violence were the
expire this month end = expire
Ñ ØÁ™«-ê-®Ω’ûÓ important traits of Gandhi= Eñ«-ߪ’B,
ÅßË’u ´’† driving licenses °æ¤†-®Ω’-ü¿l¥-Jç--éÓ-¢√L. Ææûªuç, Å£œ«çÆæ, í¬çDµ Ææy¶µ«-´ç-™E ´·êu
The lease is for 6 years. It can be renewed ©éπ~-ù«©’.
further = ÅüÁl 鬩ç ÇÍ®∞¡Ÿx. Ç ûª®√yûª ü∆Eo ´’Sx b) Most traits are hereditary = î√™« ©éπ~-ù«©’
é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-îª-´îª’a. 鬩-°æ-J-N’A Å®·-§Ú-®·ç-ûª-®√yûª
´ç¨¡-§ƒ-®Ωç-°æ®Ωuç.
´’Sx §ÒúÕ-Tç-îªôç renew. 5-B. Makeshift= Stopgap = temporary =
Renewed vigour= éÌûªh ¨¡éÀh, éÌûªh Öû√q£æ«ç.
û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË.
Renew X Terminate.
a) The speaker made his speech from on a
3-A. Circumvent= Dodge/ avoid.
makeshift stage = û√û√\-L-éπçí¬ à®Ωp-®Ω-*†
ÅÆæ©’ Å®Ωnç: ´’† ü∆J-Íé-ü¿-®·Ø√ Åúøfç-´ÊÆh ô÷d
AJT ¢Á∞¡xúøç. Road èπ◊ Åúøfçí¬ í∫’ôd©÷, éÌçúø©÷ ¢ËCéπ O’C-†’ç* Çߪ’† v°æÆæç-Tç-î√úø’.
b) Madamme Curie, the discoverer of
Öçõ‰, road, ¢√öÀE circumvent îËÆæ’hçC. Åçõ‰
radioactivity carried on her experiments in
ü∆E ô÷d AJT ¢Á∞¡ŸhçC)
a make shift lab = Åù’-üµ∆-Jtéπ ¨¡éÀhE éπ†’-í̆o
áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË Å®Ωnç: äéπ îªö«dEo, Å≤˘-éπ-®Ωuçí¬ Ö†o
Mme Curie
E•ç-üµ¿-††÷ ûÁL-Ní¬ ÅCµ-í∫-N’ç-îªúøç. ûª† °æJ-¨-üµ¿† Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ à®Ωp-
lab
He is circumvented the tax law by registering
®Ω--èπ◊†o (°æé¬\ é¬E) ™ é̆-≤ƒ-Tç-*çC.
a part of his property in his brother-in-law's Stopgap = v°æÆæ’h-û√-EéÀ à®Ωp-®Ω--éÌØË ´ÆæA, °æé¬\
name = °æ†’o îªôdç ûª†èπ◊ ´Jhç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ ÖçúËç- ´ÆæA ´îËa-´-®Ωèπ◊.
ü¿’èπ◊, ûª† ¶«´-´’-JC Ê°®Ω éÌçûª ÇÆœh ®√¨»úø’. Makeshift/ Stopgap X Permanent
For every law, there is a circumvention = v°æA É´Fo èπÿú≈ high frequency words in Spoken
îªö«dFo Ö©xç-°∂œ’ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ üÌúÕf üÓ´ àüÓ Öçô÷ØË English. O’ conversation practice
™ ¢√úÕ
Öçô’çC (ÉC English proverb). îËߪ’çúÕ.
Circumvent X Confront (áü¿’-®Ó\-´úøç).

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 13 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Q. 1.éÌEo ÇKdÆ‘ •Ææ’q-©Â°j ÉC äÍé Åéπ~®Ωç, È®çúø’ ¨¡¶«l-©èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. Å™«Íí
picket
ÅE Öçô’çC. È®çúø’ ´‚úø’ Åéπ~-®√©’ äÍé ¨¡¶«lEo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√®·.
DE Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Å™«Íí '≠æ— ¨¡¶«l-EéÀ tion, ssion, shun É™« ÉEo
2. English ™ °æü∆© ÆæÈ®j† spellings ´≤ƒh®·.
pronunciation phonetics Puff - rough (ff = gh = °∂ˇ)
(IPA) ü∆y®√ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊ç- Though (Ééπ\úø gh éÀ N©’-´-™‰ü¿’)– É™« °æü¿l¥A
ô’Ø√oç éπü∆? ´’J Åçô÷ ™‰E spelling, pronunciation ´©x,
English is not a phonetic English, unphonetic.
language
áçü¿’-éπç-ö«®Ω’? 3. îËߪ’-´îª’a
3. Hello, Good morning one and all ÅE äéπ
4. Sister concern/ company
group of members †’ wish îËߪ’-´î√a?
Åçõ‰ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ äÍé
company,
ߪ÷ï-´÷†uç éÀçü¿ Ö†o äéπ ÅüË ßª÷ï- Q. 1. Think = Ç™-*ç-îªúøç,suppose A. 1. Think = Ç™-*ç-îªúøç/ ņ’-éÓ-´úøç – È®çúø-®√n©÷ ÖØ√o®·.
4. Sister concern company Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
company sister con-
´÷†uç éÀçü¿ Ö†o ÉçéÓ éÀ = I think
ņ’-éÓ-´úøç ÅØ√o®Ω’. ´’J 'ņ’-éÓ-´úøç— ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ think = suppose. I think so =
á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? cern (company). concern = company he is watching the T.V. ؈™« ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’. Think about it = ü∆Eo í∫’Jç*
5. Glad to see you- So am I... Ééπ\úø So am I Åçõ‰
¢√éπuç™
5. Glad to see you =
At college
E†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ 'ņ’-èπ◊çö«— ÅØ√o®Ω’. N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. Ç™-*ç-îªçúÕ.
Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?
ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o. 2. What does the glass contain?/ 2. Both are correct.
3. I was at college - correct.≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ standard English ™
So am I
So am I = Å™«Íí (so) am I = ؈÷ (ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬) What's there in that glass
ØË-†’college ™ ÖØ√o ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ I was in the college
ÖØ√o. = (Ç í¬xÆˇ™ à´·çC?) ÅØ√o®Ω’. Å®·ûË ÉC îª÷úøçúÕ.
6. Nerd = 3. I was at college (™ ÖØ√o†’). There are 1800 students in the college = College ™
6. The nerd Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? 1) / Old fash-
´‚®Ω’^úø’ DEo I was in college í¬ ®√-ßÁ·î√a? îªC-¢Ë-¢√∞¡Ÿx 1800 ÅE.
7. Sale, Sell Å®Ωnç, ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. ioned/ bore - N.Suguna Santhi, Vizag I studied at that college = ؈’ college ™ îªC-¢√†’.
- M.Navitha, Nalgonda 2) computers ™ ÇÆæéÀh
A. 1. Picket is the name of an area in ¶«í¬ Ö†o-¢√úø’. Q. äéπ Ççí∫x C†-°æ-vA-éπ™ ´*a† ¢√®Ωh-™E ´÷ô- A. You are right. Thankful = üË´¤-úÕ °æôx éπ%ûªïcûª†’
Hyderbad, just as Koti, Sultan Bazar are. 7. Sale = Å´’téπç; ©†’ Ééπ\úø v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. "All I can say is ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’Íé ¢√úøû√ç. ´÷†-´¤© °æôx éπ%ûª-ïc-ûªèπ◊ grate-
that I have full faith in the Judiciary. I am ful to somebody Åçö«ç, Å™«ØË ÅØ√L. üË´¤-úÕ-Èéj-ûËØË,
RTC bus Picket
O’ü¿ ÅE Öçõ‰ Åéπ\-úÕéÀ Sell= Å´’túøç.
(Picket bus
ÅØË v°æüË-¨»-EéÀ) ¢Á∞Ïx. ÅE M.SURESAN thankful to the people of the country..." Thankful Åçö«ç, Å™« Åçõ‰ î√©’. Thankful to
I am grateful to the people of God ÅE
Å®·ûË Picket ÅØË English ´÷ôèπ◊ Å®Ωnç,
grateful
Ééπ\úø
the country ÅØ√L éπü∆? I am thankful ņ-éπ\-Í®xü¿’
strike (Ææ¢Á’t) îËÆæ’h†o é¬Jt-èπ◊©’, á´JF facto-
No reference is
ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úÕ-†ô’x? èπÿú≈.
ry, company ™EéÀ ¢Á∞¡x-èπ◊çú≈ Åúø’f-éÓ-´úøç.
áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ Thankful Åçõ‰ØË üË´¤-úÕÍé ÅE. I am
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 408
made to divine beings éπü∆? Å™«
2. IPA ™‰èπ◊çú≈, English ™E letters of alphabet èπÿú≈ Å-ØÌî√a? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Thankful I have such good parents = Ø√éπ-™«çöÀ
(a, b, c, ... z) èπÿ ÅN ûÁLÊ° ¨¡¶«l-©èπÿ Ææç•çüµ¿ç - P.Arun Prasad, Vizag ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ üË´¤-úÕéÀ
™‰†ç-ü¿’-´©x, English spelling is

May I now r equest .. to ..

éπ%ûª-VcúÕE/ éπ%ûª-Vc-®√-©†’. (í∫´’-
unphonetic Åçö«ç. C E éÌEo-îÓôx, Eç-îªçúÕ: Thankful ´÷vûª¢Ë’.
éπ, éÌEo-îÓôx 'Ææ—í¬†÷ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Thankful to God é¬ü¿’.)

Q. -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ -Ñ Ææç-üË£æ…-©-†’ -B®Ωaí∫-©®Ω’.
Have ¢√úË Nüµ∆©’: 1) Have=

1) Ææçû√-°æ-Ææ-¶µº†’ English ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’? possess=own= éπLT Öçúøôç
Condolence meeting ÅØÌî√a?
I, We, They ÉN, You singular ™« ™‰ü∆ 5) May I now request Sri .... to come up the dais (Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ am having/ is having/ are having
2) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ *£æ«oç Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ Plurals? and take his/ her seat. ¢√úøç).
3) Functions Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ÅA-ü∑¿’-©†’ Ç£æ…y-Eç-îª-ú≈-EéÀ
Direct, Indirect speech í∫’Jç* *†o ņ’- 6) We are grateful to them all for sparing their 2) Have= A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç (am having/ is having/
Ææç•ç-Cµç* English ™ ᙫ ´÷ö«x-ú≈L? ´÷†ç. eg: He asked "Have you seen her valuable time to us. are having Ñ Å®Ωnç-ûÓØË ¢√úøû√ç).

' ¢ËC-éπ-†-©ç-éπ-Jç-*† °ü¿l-©èπ◊, Æ涵ºèπ◊ NîËa-Æœ† anywhere?" Åûªúø’ ÅúÕ-í¬úø’, ' F´¤ Ç¢Á’-ØÁ-éπ\- 7) Our heartfelt condolences to the bereaved 3) Present perfect, past perfect tenses ™ verb
ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊, vÊ°éπ~-èπ◊-©èπ◊, Ç£æfi-ûª’-©èπ◊ Ø√ £æ«%ü¿-ߪ’- úÁjØ√ îª÷¨»¢√?——. DEE He asked me if family. The late ---- (Name of the dead per- ™ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, v°æûËuéπ Å®Ωnç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ Auxil-
(whether) I had seen her anywhere, son) was closely associated with this institu- iary/ helping verb í¬ ¢√úøû√ç.

°æ‹-®Ωyéπ †´’-≤ƒ\-®√©’——
4) ' áçûª busy í¬ ÖØ√o èπÿú≈ °œ©-´-í¬ØË NîËa-Æœ-
†ç-ü¿’èπ◊, ´’´’tLo ´’Eoç* Æ涵ºèπ◊ ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊
áçûÓ ÆæçûÓ-≠œ-Ææ’hØ√oç. ¢√JéÀ ¶µºí∫-´ç-ûª’úÕ éπö«éπ~ç
Ææü∆ Öçú≈-©E éÓ®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç——
5) ' ... ¢√-J-E -¢Ë-Céπ-†-©çéπ-Jç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬ éÓ®Ω’-ûª’-Ø√oç——
6) ' ¢√®Ω’ Éçûª-ÊÆ°æ¤ ûª´’ Ææ´’-ߪ÷Eo ´÷ûÓ °æç-
èπ◊-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷èπ◊ áçûÓ Ç†ç-ü¿çí¬ ÖçC——
7) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ/ Ææçû√-°æ-Ææ-¶µº™x ¢Ë®Ω’í¬ ´÷ö«x-úø-û√®Ω’. ¢√J
èπ◊ô’ç-¶«-EéÀ ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ îªE-§Ú-®·† ´uéÀhéÀ
´’†ûÓ/ ´’†èπ◊ ¢√JûÓ Ö†o ņ’-•çüµ¿ç í∫’Jç* ÆætJ-
≤ƒhç-éπü∆! -Å°æ¤p-úø’ -á-™« -´÷-ö«x-ú≈-L? OöÀ -í∫’-Jç* à-eg: I. He said "I am very happy."' DEéÀ He
¢ÁjØ√ books üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√ߪ÷? ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
8) Letter Writing Books á´-JN BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L?
9) O’®Ω’ having A†-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç* ¢√ú≈©Ø√o®Ω’.
é¬E ã lesson ™ (1) Having lost his parents in
his childhood, parental love is new to them.
(2) Having made the mistake repentance III. He asked me "why are you happy?". DEE
filled him. (3) Having seen his mother after a
long time was a great joy for him. (4) Having
been elected unanimously, he felt very happy.
4 ÆæJ-ßÁi’-†-ü¿-Ø√o®Ω’. Having phrase Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
Have †’ áEo-®Ω-é¬-©’í¬ ¢√úÌa?

M.L.A./ M.P. © ´·çü¿’ à article †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- A. 1) Ææçû√-°æ-Æ涵º = Condolence Meeting
Tç-î√L. °æ‹Jh ÅvG-¢Ë-≠æ-Ø˛†’ îÁGûË The Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- 2) ≤ƒt®Ωéπ *£æ«oç = Memorial.
Tç-î√™«? Åçõ‰ The Member of Parliament/ 3) My hearty welcome to the distinguished peo-
The Member of Legislative Assembly ?

Councillor èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ article àC ®√¢√L?

Nobody/ anybody ûª®√yûª has/ have àC
´Ææ’hçC? Singular or plural? Verb àC?

He, She, It ©’ III person singular ™«? ™‰ü∆
II person ™«?
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-Å-A-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ -Ç£æ…y-†ç ..
If (whether) tion and helped the institution to grow. We 4) Having seen/ Having gone ™«çöÀ expressions
Éçü¿’™ ©’ áçü¿’-éÌ-≤ƒh®·?
remember with ™ èπÿú≈, have ÅØËC participle ™ ¶µ«í∫¢Ë’,
gratitude his/ her
îª÷Æœ/ îª÷Æœç-ûª-®√yûª/ îª÷úø-ôç-´©x ÅØË Å®√n-©ûÓ.
contribution to the Having gone èπ◊ èπÿú≈ É™«çöÀ Å®√n™‰ ´≤ƒh®·.
institution. May

MLA, MP © ´·çü¿’ an ¢√úøû√ç, a é¬ü¿’
his/ her soul rest in
(MLA, MP = áç.ᙸ.á., áç.°œ. éπü∆? Å Ç

äéπ Book ™ D & Ind speech í∫’Jç* îªC- peace. English for various occa-
É™«çöÀ ¢√öÀéÀ É Ñ á à â ä ã ¨¡¶«l-©ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’ßË’u
¢√†’. ü∆E™ 4 types °æJ-Q-Lç-î√-©-Ø√o®Ω’. 1. sions books
ûÓ Öçö«®·. îª÷úøçúÕ. English ´÷ô-©-´·çü¿’ an ¢√úøû√ç).
Statements (2) Yes/ No Questions (3) Wh 8) Letter Writing èπ◊ English Grammar & Composition

Nobody/ Anybody III person singular (He/
& How Questions (4) to infinitives O’ü¿ à standard book Å®·Ø√ °∂æ®√y™‰ü¿’. she) has
鬕öÀd ¢√úøû√ç ¢√öÀ ûª®√yûª. °æ‹Jhí¬
(Command & Request)
í∫’Jç* Éî√a®Ω’. 9) Having ¢√úøèπÿúø-ü¿E îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’ à lesson ™ general sense
Å®·ûË, a
™ ¢√úÕûË, ´Ææ’hçC.
èπÿú≈. Am having/ is having/ are having- Ñ MLA, MP The
Said that he was very happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. expressions èπ◊ éπLT Öçúøôç (possession) ÅØË
°∂晫Ø√
A/ An or The
°∂晫Ø√ Åçõ‰
lessons
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í¬© éÓÆæç §ƒûª
´Ææ’hçC.
II. He asked me "Are you happy?". DEE He Å®Ωnç ®√ü¿’. A†úøç/ û√í∫úøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. A/ The Councillor.
îª÷úøçúÕ.
asked me if I was happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Ééπ\úø If éπLT Öçúøôç (äéπ-JéÀ äéπ ´Ææ’h´¤ ÖçC ÅØË Å®Ωnç) Person Singular Plural
áçü¿’èπ◊? He asked me •ü¿’©’ He told/ said ®√ü¿’. Having lost his parents- É™«çöÀ expres- I I We
me he was happy ÅØÌî√a? sions ™ having, verb form ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Ñ hav-
II You You
ing èπÿ, éπLT Öçúøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ´îËa have èπÿ
(†’´¤y) (O’®Ω’)
III He, She, it They
He asked me why I was happy í¬ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ØË-™‰ü¿’. Having lost his parents= ûªLx-

You
ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷ plural verb ¢√úøû√ç.
IV. He said to me "Buy a Computer". DEE He ü¿ç-vúø’-©†’ éÓ™p-´úøç ´©x– É™«çöÀ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.
told me, to buy a computer. OöÀ í∫’Jç* 1) Statement
†’ direct †’ç* indirect èπ◊ ´÷JÊÆh,
Å™«Íí have gone/ has seen/ had done ™«çöÀ
Åçõ‰ speech © í∫’Jç* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. quotations
BÊÆÆœ that ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.
expressions ™ have/ has/ had èπÿ éπLT
– -äéπ -§ƒ®∏Ω π◊®√-©’, éπ®Ω÷o-©’ ->-™«x. Öçúøôç ÅE Å®Ωnç ´îËa have/ has/ had èπÿ 2) Wh questions †’ Indirect ™éÀ ´÷JÊÆh quota-
tions BÊÆÆœ 'Wh' word ûÓØË v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Ééπ\úø
Ææç•çüµ¿ç à´÷vûªç ™‰ü¿’. Having gone, has
asked ´÷vûª¢Ë’. Tell ®√ü¿’.
done etc ™ have, has ©’ verb forms ´÷vûª¢Ë’–
§ƒ®∏Ω-èπ◊-©’ -ÉC í∫´’-Eç-î√L. 3) Non Wh questions Å®·ûË, quotations BÊÆÆœ,
Whether/ if ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç. Ééπ\úø asked
ple on the dais, the other guests, the audi-
Having done his duty, he went home for
ence and the other invitees. rest = ûª† duty °æ‹Jh-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊E/ °æ‹®Ωh-´-úøçûÓ
´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC– Tell ®√ü¿’.
4) Buy a Computer- ÉC imperative sentence
4) We are extremely happy to have amidst us, Åûªúø’ Nv¨»çA éÓÆæç ÉçöÀéÀ ¢Á∞«}úø’.
Sri ...... , who inspite of their being busy have
Having seen it, I understand why people
(Åúø-í∫úøç/ Çñ«c-°œç-îªúøç, etc). É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx tell/ ask
are talking like that = ؈C îª÷úø-ôç-´©x
taken the time off to be here this evening.
àü¿-®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa. Éçé¬ N´-®√©’ 鬴-LÊÆh §ƒûª
May god shower his blessings on them! Ø√éπ-®Ωn-´’-´¤-ûÓçC Åçü¿®Ω÷ áçü¿’-éπ™« Åçô’Ø√o®Ó. lessons îª÷úøçúÕ.
-´’çí∫-∞¡-¢√®Ωç 15 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

Q. She, Women, Lady, Q. °vö-Lߪ’ç ö«uçéπ®˝ ¢Á†-鬩 Highly

Girl - Ñ °æüΔ-©†’ Inflammable ÅE ®√Æœ Öçô’çC.
áéπ\úø, á°æ¤púø’ ᙫ éÌ-Eoç-öÀéÀ In -O’-ü¿ -ûÁ-©x®Ωçí∫’ °æ‹Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ N´- -O-öÀéÀ ÆæÈ®j-† Å®√n-©’ -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’.
Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. - MVS Kondala Rao,
- M. Satyanarayana, Visakhapatnam
Hyderabad. A. Inflammable = Flammable. È®ç-úÕç-öÀ
A. She
Åçõ‰ O’èπ◊ ûÁ©’- Å®√n-©÷ -äéπ-õ‰ – -´’ç-úÕ-§Ú-ßË’ – -Å-E.
ÆæØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
Women = Æ‘Y©’. Lady
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÖüΔ-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ Æ‘Y ÅØË. Å®·ûË 3. feature = Doctor
1) ever 2) meanwhile 3) feature 4) more
©éπ~ùç. Åûª-úÕéÀ ¢Ájü¿uç î˨»úø’. ÅçûË-é¬èπ◊çú≈
´÷´‚-©’í¬ Æ‘Y ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, Woman ÅØË Truthfulness was the important feature of
over 5) still later 6) still further 7) through
Åûª-úÕéÀ éÌçûª úøGs-î√aúø’.
Åçö«ç. Ñ Å®ΩnçûÓ Lady ÅØË ´÷ô É°æpöÀ his character. = 5. still later = Ç ûª®√yûª/ Éçé¬ ûª®√yûª.
8) throughout 9) else, or else.
Ææûªu-§ƒ-©† Çߪ’† ´·êu
¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’. I came late. He came still
- G. Naresh, Armoor
©éπ~ùç. ´·êç, éπ†’o,
´·èπ◊\-B®Ω’ = fea-
Women, Lady
A. 1. Ever = á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√/ á°æp-öÀ-ÈéjØ√
a) I am ever ready to help you =
ture. äéπ v°æüË-¨¡°æ¤ meanwhile later =
ØËØË Ç©Ææuç. Åûª-úø’ Ø√éπçõ‰
¶μ˜íÓ-Réπ ©éπ~ùç = fea- Ç©Ææuç.
I am always ready to help you = ture. Magazines/ Newspapers ™E QJ{éπ. 6. still further- Éçé¬.
§ƒûª-®Ó-V™x Ö†oûª ´®√_-©/ -´ç-Q-èπ◊© Æ‘Y©†’ Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËØÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Æœü¿l¥¢Ë’ 4. moreover = ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈. Still further delay will be dangerous.
ladies ÅØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. v°æñ«-≤ƒy´’uç v°æ¶μ«-´ç-´©x É°æ¤púø’ b) Have you ever been to London? = The doctor not only treated him. Moreover
†’´¤y á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√ London ¢Á∞«x¢√? Éçé¬ Ç©Ææuç Å®·ûË v°æ´÷-ü¿¢Ë’.
à ´-®√_-EéÀ îÁçC† Æ‘Y©-ØÁj-Ø√ women ÅØË Åçö«ç. he gave him some
7. through = í∫’çú≈.
Ææ¶μº™x v¨ûª-©†’üËlPç* v°æÆæç-TçîË ladies and gen- 2. Ñ ™°æ©. Get the vegetables. Meanwhile money =
The train travels through a tunnel =
tlemen ÅØË expression ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ lady I will cook the
train ≤Ò®Ωçí∫ç (tunnel) í∫’çú≈ §Úûª’çC.
rice =
N’T-L-ÖçC. äéÓ\-≤ƒ-J éÓ°æç-™-í¬F, áí∫-û√-R-éÀ-í¬F, O’®Ω’ Ç
8. through out = äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç ¢Á·ûªhç.
éÌç-îÁç formal í¬ í¬F Çúø-¢√-∞¡x-†’ lady Åçô’ç- èπÿ®Ω©’ ûÁçúÕ.
Throughout his stay here he was helpful

-Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 409
ö«®Ω’. Ñ™-°æ© ؈’
to others =
Girl Åçõ‰ Å´÷t®· ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπüΔ. ņoç ´çúø’-
û√†’. M.SURESAN Åûª-úÕéπ\úø Ö†oEo ®ÓV©’/ Ö†oç-ûª-ÊÆ°æ‹
Éûª®Ω’©èπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç î˨»úø’.
Q. 1. He developed skills while he was work-

We have to advise them

9. else/ or else = ™‰éπ-§ÚûË.
ing in police department. (or) Study well, else/ or else you
He developed skills when he was work- can't pass = ¶«í¬ îªü¿’´¤.
ing in police department. pass
™‰éπ-§ÚûË é¬™‰´¤.
While éÀ when éÀ usage î√™« confusion í¬
ÖçC. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. Q. 1. Some words in English are - i ( â) c) Fill - °∂œ™¸, Live = L¢˛ = •ûªéπúøç/ @Nç- Q. 1. a) We have to advice them.
2. One finds difficulty in answering phone call sound, some are e ( sound. É) îªúøç. b) We have to advise them.
even in one's home. (or) e.g.: a) I ( sound words are: fight,
â) Live = ™„j¢˛ = •AéÀ Ö†o/ Ææ@-´-¢Á’i†/ °j ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®é˙d. ¢√öÀ Å®√n©’ àN’öÀ?
One finds difficulty in answering phone call kite, might, night, wife, knife, ߪ’üΔ-®Ωn-¢Á’i† – Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o. Have to + V1 v°æ鬮Ωç b correct éπüΔ? Å®·ûË äéπ
even inside one's own home. ride. Live (™„j¢˛) telecast - ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o N≠æ- ¢√uéπ-®Ωù °æ¤Ææh-éπç™ have to advice (N) ÅE ÖçC.
- in áéπ\úø inside áéπ\úø ¢√ú≈™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. b) E (É) sound words are: kill, mill, silk, ߪ÷Eo Å°æp-öÀ-éπ-°æ¤púø’ îª÷°œç-îªúøç (TV ™). ÅC Åa-ûª§ƒp? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
nill, grim, kiss, miss, big - How to rec- 2. i) With regard to = Ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç-í¬/ Ç N≠æ- 2. a) If he runs fast, he will catch the bus.
while, when ognize their sound with respect to ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç*- with regard to = In
regard to.
b) If he runs fastly, he will catch the bus -
correct? fast adverb
°j ¢√öÀ™
these words. If there is any rule to à ¢√éπuç Ééπ\úø éπüΔ?
3. I am told there are many crocodiles in the identify please mention. ii) Å®·ûË In regard to éπçõ‰ with regard to adverb†’ fastly í¬ èπÿú≈ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a?
lake. (or) c) Mention the pronunciation of these
áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’éπ.
I am told that there are many crocodiles in words: Fill, live, milestone, file, hive
With regard to his health, I can't say
anything =
break into pieces
the lake.
ÅûªúÕ Ç®Óí∫uç N≠æߪ’ç
(í∫’Jç*) ØËØËç îÁ°æp- 3. If I drop the chalk piece, it will break to pieces (or)

with regard to
– Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®é˙d? that áéπ\úø ¢√ú≈™, ™‰†’. break into pieces. Which is correct?
iii) In reference
áéπ\úø ¢√úø-èπÿ-úøüÓ ûÁ©-°æçúÕ. 4. a) He is dead.
- B.Appala Raju, Visakhapatnam to - with
áèπ◊\-´í¬ b) He is died - ÉN È®çúø÷ éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? b ¢√éπuç S + H.V
A. 1. While action continuing during 2. Could you mention the meanings of these reference to Åçö«ç = üΔEo í∫’Jç* (about). + V3 Ææ÷vûªç v°æ鬮Ωç p.v. ™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-îª-´î√a?
áèπ◊\-´í¬ ã
a period of time phrases in Telugu.
îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. With reference to your application, Object ™‰E verb èπ◊ p.v. Öçúøü¿’ éπüΔ? äéπ
While he was working... = i) With regard to; ii) In regard to; iii) In ref- please attend an interview on ... =
Åûªúø’ °æE-îË-Ææ’h-†o- ÆœE-´÷™ She is died ÅE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç--î√®Ω’. Ç¢Á’ îªç°æ-
°æ¤púø’– Ç °æE-îË-Ææ’h†o 鬩ç Åçû√. erence to; iv) Where of; v) Where on; O’ application
í∫’Jç*, Ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥çí¬ •-úÕçC ÅØË Å®Ωnç™ ÅC ÆæÈ®jç-üËØ√? -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’-.
When he was working..= Åéπ\úø °æE-îË-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ vi) Where in. Interview
O’®Ω’ ... ûËD† èπ◊ ®ΩçúÕ. - R.Chittibabu, Tanuku
When ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’, Ç Ææ´ ’-ߪ ’ç™ á°æ¤púÓ - Gurram Shankar, Keshavapatnam iv) Where of = of which = Åçü¿’™ A. 1. Sentence b correct. Have to advice (N) ņúøç
äéπ-°æ¤púø’, Å°æ¤púø°æ¤púø’, î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x. A. 1. a) ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ äÍé syllable Ö†o ´÷ô- (¶μ«í∫çí¬) 1) Have to
ûª°æ¤p. plain infinitive
ûª®√yûª á°æ¤púø÷
While Åçõ‰ Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç ¢Á·ü¿©’ †’ç* *´J ™E spelling ™ 'i' ûª®√yûª consonant The book where of the sentences are (advise) 2) Advice verb
¢√úøû√ç. é¬ü¿’ 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø
´®Ωèπ◊. Å®·ûË continuity Åçûª important ´*a (a, e, i, o, u é¬E ¨¡¶«l©’) *´®Ω e a part = The book of which the sen- ¢√úøç.
鬆-°æ¤púø’ when Å®·Ø√ ¢√úÌa. while Å®·Ø√ Öçõ‰ Å™«çöÀ ´÷ô-™E 'e' E â í¬ pro- tence are a part = Ñ ¢√é¬u©’ ¶μ«í∫çí¬ 2) Fast èπ◊ adverb fast ´÷vûª¢Ë’. fastly ÅØË ´÷ô ™‰ü¿’.
3) It will break into pieces, correct. Break it to
¢√úÌa. nounce îË≤ƒhç. Å™«Íí single syllable
Ö†o °æ¤Ææhéπç.
While/ When he was reading something the He bought some land where of (of pieces
police entered the room.
Ö†o ´÷ô™ gh, i ûª®√yûª ´ÊÆh üΔEo â ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’.
which) he gave an acre to his sister. 4) Die past participle died. Die
While they were playing, he was studying -
í¬ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Åçü¿’-éπE O’®Ω’ ®√Æœ† first éÀ Åçõ‰ î√´úøç – ÉC
v) Where on/ Where upon = intransitive verb (verb without an object). We
set of words †’, fait, kait, mait ... -™«
üΔE °∂æL-
(¢√∞¡Ÿx Çúø’-ûª’-†oçûªÊÆ°æ‹ Åûª-úø’ îªü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’)– - He called her a liar
ûªçí¬/ ü¿J-N’™« don't use the past participle of an intransitive
Ééπ\úø when ®√ü¿’. pronounce îË≤ƒhç.
where on/ where upon she walked out- verb after a 'be' form. So he is died - wrong.
2. In = ™; Inside = ™°æ©. ¶«í¬ ™°æ-LéÀ Öçõ‰ b) O’ È®çúÓ set of words ™, i ûª®√yûª dou- Åûªúø’ Ç¢Á’†’ Å•-üΔl¥-©éÓ®Ω’ -Å-Ø√o-úø’. Dead = Adjective. 'Be'
îªE-§Ú-®·†/ îªE-§Ú®· Ö†o –
inside Åçö«ç. ûËú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. ble consonant (u) ®√´úøç, *´®Ω e ™‰†ç- üΔE-O’ü¿ Ç¢Á’ Åéπ\-úÕoç* ¢ÁRx-§Ú-®·çC (Ç from (is) adjective
ûª®√yûª He is
¢√úøû√ç. 鬕öÀd
a) The box was hidden in the room. ü¿’-´©x, i E É í¬ pronounce îË≤ƒhç. Kill, 鬮Ω-ùçí¬). dead - correct.
b) The box was hidden somewhere inside mill, nill, kiss, miss - i followed by dou- vi) Where in= Åçü¿’™= in which. I Is died (be from + PP(V3) of an intransitive verb)
the room. A room
éÀ Å®Ωnç, B ™. éÀ Å®Ωnç ble consonants, and no e in the end. showed him the letter where in he ÅÆæ©’ verb é¬ü¿’ í∫üΔ? She is died á´®Ω’/ áéπ\úø
room ™°æ© áéπ\úÓ. So 'i' has the sound of . Big, grim etc
É found the amount clearly written= Ç ¢√úÕØ√ ûªÊ°p. Ç¢Á’ îªç°æ-•-úÕçC = She is killed. (She
In= ™. Inside = ¶«í¬ ™°æ©. e
™ *´®Ω ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE 'i' E É í¬ ¢Á·ûªhç Ææp≠ædçí¬ ®√Æœ Ö†o ñ«•’†’ Åûª-úÕéÀ has been killed).
3. That omit îËߪ’úøç, áéπ\-úÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®, ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’. °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. îª÷§ƒ†’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 20 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Q. Please clarify the fol- 4) Nothing else = ÉçÍéç ™‰ü¿’.
lowing doubts and I can only pity you. I can do nothing else =
give example of each
one in telugu transla-
ØËEo†’o ñ«L ûª©-îª-í∫-©†’ (-ØË-†’ -F°j -ñ«-L
tions.
îª÷°æí∫-©-†’). Åçûª-éπçõ‰ ØËEçÍéç îËߪ’-™‰†’.
5) Nobody else = ÉçÈé-´®Ω÷ ™‰®Ω’.
1. Anything else
Nobody else can play so well as Sachin =
2. Anybody else
3. Someone else
Ææ*Ø˛™« ÉçÈé-´®Ω÷ Çúø-™‰®Ω’.
6) Somewhere else - ÉçÈé-éπ\-úø-®·Ø√.
4. Nothing else
We can't find it here. Let's look for it some-
5. Nobody else
where else =
6. Some where else
Main clause ™ would/ should/ could/ might Ééπ\úø If ûª®√yûª, had been/ had + past par-
ÅC-éπ\úø ™‰ü¿’. ÉçÈé-éπ\-úø-®·Ø√ ÖçüË¢Á÷ îª÷ü∆lç.
7. If conditions
7) If I were you, I would do it=
´‚úø’ ®Ω鬩’ ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ’. -É-C-
´®Ωéπ-öÀlessons ™ îªC-¢√†’. é¬F condition 2 (É°æ¤púø’) ؈’ †’´y- + 1st RDW ´Ææ’hçC. ticiple´Ææ’hçC.
Condition II É°æp-öÀ (present) N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo ûÁ©’-°æ¤-
and 3
®·ûË (ÅßË’u Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’) Ç °æE îË≤ƒh†’. (îËÊÆ
Main clause ™
á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’. àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’– Present ™)
would have + past participle/
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ûª’çC).
- Anthati Penchalaiah, Rajampeta Condition III

Anything else/ Anybody else

should have + past participle/
A. 1) Anything else - If he had seen me, he
could have + participle /
ÉçÍé-´’Ø√o Öçü∆?
Have you anything else to say? = would have talked to me
(Åûª-úø’ ††’o îª÷Æœ Öçõ‰, might have + past participle é¬F ´Ææ’hçC.
O’®Ω’ îÁ§ƒpLqçCçÍé-´’Ø√o Öçü∆? If he had consulted me, I would have given
If he took the medicines, he would be cured
Ø√ûÓ ´÷ö«x-úø’ç-úË-¢√-úË– îª÷úø-
2) Anybody else = ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o.
him correct advice.
=
™‰ü¿’, ´÷ö«xúø™‰ü¿’. ÉC
Anybody else in Sita's position might not
Åûª-úø’ Ç ´’çü¿’©’ BÆæ’éÓ-´-úø-´’çô÷ ïJ-TûË Past ™ Å®·-§Ú-®·† = Åûª-úø’ ††’o Ææçv°æ-Cç* Öçõ‰, (Ææçv°æ-Cç-îª-
have gone to the forests with her husband
(ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’), Åûª-EéÀ †ßª’-´’¯-ûª’çC (É°æ¤púø’ Å´ü¿’). Ææç°∂æ’-ô†.
=Æ‘ûª °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x ÉçÈé-´®Ω’Ø√o ¶µº®ΩhûÓ Å®Ω-ù«u-©èπ◊ ÉC condition II. ™‰ü¿’) ؈-ûª-úÕéÀ ÆæÈ®j† Ææ©£æ… Éaç-úË-¢√úÕ-E
¢Á∞Ïx-¢√®Ω’ é¬Í®¢Á÷. DØÓx, If ûª®√yûª, (É´y-™‰ü¿’)
3) Someone else = ÉçÈé-´-®ΩØ√o.
were é¬F, past ÉC past.
simple (Past

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 410
I can't help you. Ask someone else = Doing Word)
M.SURESAN
ØËFoèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-™‰†’. ÉçÈé-´-J-†Ø√o Åúø’í∫’. é¬F ´Ææ’hçC;
He saved all the money with a view to buying a

In the event of an accident, call no 108

house =
É©’x -éÌØË ÖüËl-¨¡çûÓ Åûª-úø’ úø•’s §Òü¿’-°æ¤-îË-¨»úø’.=
15) With an eye to - ÉC èπÿú≈ with a view to
™«í¬ØË.
Q. éÀç-C-¢√-öÀéÀ -Å®√n-©-†’ Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù- A. 1) In connection with= 10) In reference to/ with By virtue of being the collector, he is superior to 17) In the course of = éÌçûª/ -ûª-T-†ç-ûª-鬩ç í∫úÕ-î √éπ.
reference to= 16) in/ with regard to= the other officials =
©ûÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. (Éü¿l®Ω’ ´·í∫’_®Ω’ She got married and in the course of time
1. In connection with v°æ≤ƒh-N-Ææ’h†o) N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*/- ü∆E í∫’-Jç-*. Collector Å´-ôç-´©x Åûª-úø’ N’í∫-û√ -Å-Cµ-é¬-®Ω’-©-éπçõ‰ became a mother of two children.
2. In the wake of In connection with/ in reference to/ with reference
In the course of their journey they visited a num-
áèπ◊\´
to/ in regard to/ with regard to the books you have 5) for the sake of =
3. By dint of éÌ®Ω-èπ◊/- éÓÆæç. ber of places =
asked for, I wish to tell you that I cannot lend them Gandhi sacrificed his life for the sake of Hindu-
4. By virtue of
to you at present =
ûª´’ v°æߪ÷ù Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ î√-™« v°æüË-¨»©’ îª÷¨»®Ω’.
5. For the sake of
†’´¤y ††o-úÕ-T† °æ¤Ææh-鬩 N≠æ-ߪ’ç- Muslim unity.
™/- °æ¤-Ææh-é¬-©èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*/- °æ¤-Ææh-鬩 í∫’Jç*, ¢√öÀE Fèπ◊ 18) on behalf of = ûª®Ω-°∂椆.
6. In accordance with ØËE-°æ¤p-úÕ-´y-™‰-†E îÁ°æ¤h-Ø√o†’. í∫´’-Eéπ: Ñ expressions - £œ«çü¿÷ ´·Æœxç âéπuûª éÓÆæç í¬çDµ v§ƒù«-©-Jpç-î√úø’. I am signing on behalf of my minor children =
7. In compliance with 6) In accordance with = v°æé¬-®Ωç/ -Å-†’-í∫’-ùçí¬.
ÅFo ví¬ç-C∑éπç. Ø√ ¢Á’i†®˝ °œ©x© ûª®Ω-°∂椆 ؈’ Ææçûªéπç °úø’-ûª’-Ø√o†’.
Spoken English The marriage took place in accordance with Hindu
19) In conformity with =
In accordance with/ In compliance with customs =
E•ç-üµ¿†©èπ◊ -Å-†’-í∫’ùçí¬/ ÇüË-¨»-
™ ü∆ü∆-°æ¤ -¢√úøç. †’-≤ƒ®Ωç.
Formal written £œ«çü¿÷ Çî√®√-© v°æ鬮Ωç Ç Â°Rx ïJ-TçC.
In conformity with your orders we are starting for
English ™ -OöÀ - 7) In compliance with= E•ç-üµ¿-†-©èπ◊ •ü¿’l¥-©’-í¬/- E-•ç-üµ¿-†-
8. In consequence with (of) in regard to
¢√-úøéπç áèπ◊\´. OöÀ™x èπÿú≈ with éπçõ‰ Delhi =
©èπ◊ ņ’-í∫’-ùç-í¬/- Ç-üË-¨»-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç.
9. In lieu of regard to, in reference to with reference to
éπçõ‰ In compliance with the orders from the govern-
O’ ÇüË-¨»© v°æ鬮Ωç -¢Ë’ç úµÕMxéÀ •ßª’-™‰l-®Ω’-ûª’Ø√oç.
10. In reference to (and) 20) By reason of = 12) on account of.
ment, the boys were admitted into the hostel =
áèπ◊\´ ¢√-úø-û√ç.
with reference to 2) In the wake of = ü∆E °∂æL-ûªçí¬ (äéπ Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ûª®Ω’- 21) Agreeable to = ä°æ¤p-éÓ-´ôç.
v°æ¶µº’ûªy ÇüË-¨»-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç Ç °œ-©x-©†’ £æ…Ææd™x îË®√a®Ω’.
11. In the event of I am agreeable to this proposal =
8) In consequence of = ûªûªp¥L-ûªçí¬.
¢√-A °æJ-ù«-´÷©’, ´·êuçí¬ îÁúø’ °æJ-ù«-´÷-©†’ í∫’Jç*
12. On account of îÁÊ°p-ô°æ¤p-úø’ ÉC ¢√úøû√ç. In consequence of his foolish actions he lost all Ñ v°æA-§ƒ-ü¿-†èπ◊ ØËØÌ-°æ¤p-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.
13. Owing to a) The cyclone brought in its wake, floods and 23) In favour of =
his property = (äéπ-JéÀ) ņ’-èπÿ©çí¬.
14. With a view to epidemics = The umpire ruled in favour of the Australian team
Åûª-úÕ ´‚®Ω^°æ¤ Ωu© °∂æL-ûªçí¬ ÇÆœh Åçû√ §ÚíÌ-ô’d-
15. With an eye to ûª’-§ƒ-†’ ûª®√yûª °æJù«-´÷-©’í¬ ´®Ω-ü¿©÷, Åçô’- èπ◊-Ø√oúø’. In consequence with
In the event of/ On account of
16. In regard to (and) ¢√u-üµ¿’-©÷- ´-î√a®·. ™‰ü¿’.
with regard to b) In the wake of his unthought of action, we had 9) In lieu of = Åçü¿’èπ◊ •ü¿’©’.
17. In course of to hang down our heads in shame =
The company offered them cash
18. On behalf of Åûª-úÕ ÅØ√-™-*ûª Ωu -°∂æ-L-ûªçí¬ ´’†ç Æœí∫’_ûÓ in lieu of the prize he had won =
19. conformity = Australian team
prize
ûª©-´ç-éÓ-¢√-Lq -´-*açC. Åûª-úø’ Èí-©’-èπ◊†o èπ◊ •ü¿’-©’í¬ éπç°-F Åûª-úÕéÀ èπ◊ ņ’-èπÿ©çí¬ ûª† E®Ωgߪ’ç
20. by reason of c) Cricket lovers in India protested in the wake of Éî√aúø’umpire.
úøGs-*açC.
21. agreeable to wrong umpiring = 24) notwithstanding = In spite of =
11) In the event of = If (Ç °æJ-Æœn-A™). Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ
22. by means of ûª°æ¤púø’ umpiring ü¿J-N’-™«/ -ü∆E °æJ-ù«-´’çí¬ 25) In association with =
In the event of an accident, call no 108.
Ææçߪ·éπhçí¬.
23. in favour of ¶µ«®Ωû˝ cricket ÅGµ-´÷-†’©’ E®Ω-Ææ-†- ûÁ-L-§ƒ®Ω’. The State Government in association with the
24. not withstanding
(v°æ´÷ü¿ç ïJ-T-ûË/ -ï-J-Íí- °æ-J-Æœn-A™, no 108 èπ◊ phone company is starting a hospital =
3) By dint of = äéπ °æü¿l¥-A-ü∆y®√= 22) by means of -îË-ߪ’çúÕ)
25. in association with He achieved success by dint of his hard = ®√≠æZ v°æ¶µº’ûªyç ÉçéÓ company ûÓ éπLÆœ ÇÆæ’°ævA
12) On account of = Åçü¿’-´©x =
26. away from v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ-≤ÚhçC.
ûª† -éπ%≠œ ü∆y®√ Åûª-úø’ Nïߪ’ç ≤ƒCµç-î√úø’. because of = 13) owing to:
27. in comparison to 26) Away from = Ç´-©-/- ü¿÷-®Ωçí¬
(by dint of = ûªü∆y®√) On account of the rain/ because of the rain/
28. instead of 27) In comparison to = §ÚLa îª÷ÊÆh
4) By virtue of = Ç é¬-®Ω-ùçí¬. owing to the rain the match was cancelled =
29. due to. A is much better in comparison to B.
He got the job by virtue of his experience. match
- MV Subrahmanyam, 28) Instead of =
´®Ω{ç 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ ®Ωü¿l-®·çC. •ü¿’©’
Chillakur, Nellore
(Åûª-úÕ Å†’-¶µº´ç 鬮Ω-ùçí¬ Åûª-úÕ-é¬ -Ö-üÓuí∫ç ´*açC). 14) With a view to = Ç Ö-üËl-¨¡çûÓ. 29) Due to = Owing to.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 22 -ï-†-´-J 2008
Midhun: What's biting you? Why do you look so
worried?
(-E-ØËoç ¶«-üµ¿Â°-úø’-ûÓç-C? -áç-ü¿’éπç-ûª-™« ¶«üµ¿-
°æ-úø’-ûª’-†oô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)
Aslesh: I have to pay the fees tomorrow. I
haven't the money to pay. I don't know
what to do.
(Í®°æ¤ ؈’ fees éπö«dL. Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s
™‰ü¿’. àç îËߪ÷™ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’)
Midhun: Let me tell you how to get over the dif-
ficulty. If only you are a little enterpriz-
ing you can approach a bank for an
educational loan.
(Ñ éπ≠dçæ ü∆õ‰-üÁ-™«íÓ ††’o îÁ°æpF. é¬Ææh
Fèπ◊ îÌ®Ω-´çô÷ Öçõ‰ àü¿-®·Ø√ bank
†’ç* Nü∆u-®Ω’ùç §Òçü¿-´îª’a.)
enterprizing = îÌ®Ω-´-í∫©
Aslesh: I don't know which bank to go to. I
don't know anybody connected with
any bank.
(à bank èπ◊ ¢Á∞«}™ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ Ø√èπ◊. Bank
©ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿çÖçúË à ´uéÃh Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’üË.)
Midhun: I know who we can go to for help. My
distant uncle is a bank manager. He is
close to our family.
(≤ƒßª’ç-éÓÆæç á´J ü¿í∫_-J-Èé-∞«x™
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Midhun: You'd better request the principal for a
few more days' time.
(´’J-éÌEo ®ÓV© Æ洒ߪ’ç É´y-´’E princi-
pal †’ request îÁ®·u/ îÁߪ’uúøç ´’ç*C)
Aslesh: I don't think he will allow me any more
time. I'll try, any way. But you haven't
told me where to meet this uncle of
yours? Is his bank in this place?
(Çߪ’† Ø√éÀçé¬ time É≤ƒh-úøE ņ’-éÓ-´úøç
™‰ü¿’. Å®·Ø√ v°æߪ’-Ao-≤ƒh†’. é¬F †’´¤y O’
´÷´’ߪ’uØÁéπ\úø éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√™ îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.
Çߪ’† bank Ñ Ü∞x-ØËØ√?) 2. Let me tell you how to get over the difficulty =
¢Á∞«xL?/ áéπ\úø, á°æ¤púø’, ᙫ îËߪ÷L? ™«çöÀ ¶µ«¢√-
Midhun: Yes. It is. I am just wondering when to ©†’ ûÁLÊ° expressions ņo-´÷ô. OöÀE Ææ´’-ߪ÷-†’- Ñ éπ≠dçæ ᙫ ÅCµí∫N’çî√™ ††’o îÁ°æpF.
see him. He is not easy to meet. Wait. èπÿ-©çí¬ ¢√úø-ôç-´©x ´’† conversation î√™« sim- a) He has told her how to do it =
Let's go home. I'll ask my dad to call ple í¬ natural í¬ Öçô’çC. Practise îËߪ’çúÕ. ÅüÁ™« îËߪ÷™ ÅûªØ√¢Á’èπ◊ îÁ§ƒpúø’.
him and see if he is in. I'll have my dad b Please show us how to separate these
)
´’†ç ´÷´‚-©’í¬ áü¿’®Ì\ØË °æJ-ÆœnA– É°æ¤púËç
talk to him about it. Let's go. two =
îËߪ÷™ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’. ÅE éπü∆? DEéπçö«ç..
(Å´¤†’. Ééπ\úË. Çߪ’†’o éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç 1) What to do. (= àç îËߪ÷™) Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀF ᙫ ¢Ë®Ω’-îË-ߪ÷™ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’.
Åçûª Ææ’©¶µºç é¬ü¿’. Öçúø’. ´÷ ÉçöÀ-Èé-∞«lç- a) Åûª†’ àç îËߪ÷™ E®Ωg-®·ç--éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’ 3. I don't know which bank to go to =
°æü¿. ´÷ Ø√†o†’ Çߪ’-†èπ◊ phone îËÆœ = He is unable to decide what to do à bank èπ◊ ¢Á∞«x™ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç ™‰ü¿’.
bank ™ ÖØ√oúÓ
b) ûª®√yûËç îËߪ÷™ Ç¢Á’ A) She can't decide which dress to wear for
the party =
™‰üÓ éπ†’-éÓ\-´’ç-
´’®Ω-*-§Ú-®·çC.
ö«†’. ´÷ Party éÀ à dress ¢ËÆæ’éÓ¢√™ Ç¢Á’ ûË©’aéÓ-™‰-éπ-
She has forgotten
Ø√†o†’ Çߪ’-†ûÓ
´÷ö«x -ú Õ-°œ≤ƒh.) - Ç çí∫ x - ¶ µ « - ≠ æ - ù 411 what to do next. §Ú-ûÓçC.
B) He didn't tell me which book to
refer to =

I don't know what to do

Ø√èπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’. ´÷ ü¿÷®Ω°æ¤ à °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo îª÷ú≈™ Åûª†’ Ø√èπ◊
´÷´’ߪ’u bank manager. îÁ°æp-™‰ü¿’.
´÷ èπ◊ô’ç-•çûÓ Çߪ’† ÆæEo- 4) I know who we can go to =
£œ«-ûªçí¬ Öçö«úø’.) ´’†ç á´-J-ü¿-í∫_JéÀ ¢Á∞«}™ Ø√èπ◊
Aslesh: So? (Å®·ûË?)
Aslesh: Thank you. That's kind of you. ûÁ©’Ææ’.
Midhun: I will take you to him and ask him if he (Very important- í∫´ ’-Eç-îªçúÕ: àç



a) á´-JE Ææçv°æ-Cç-î √™ Ø√éπ®Ωnç 鬴úøç ™‰ü¿’=
can help you îËߪ÷™ ûÁL-ߪ’-úøç-™‰ü¿’ ™«çöÀ sen-
Spoken English ™ daily real life I don't see who to consult (see= under-
tences ™, 'àç îËߪ÷™— ÅØËC ¶µ«í∫-¢Á’i-†-
(؈’ E†’o Çߪ’† ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡-û√†’. situations ™ ¢√úË expressions ™ stand)
Çߪ’-ØË-´’Ø√o Fèπ◊ Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç îËߪ’-í∫-©-úË¢Á÷ ¶µ«í∫çí¬ ÉC-´-®Ω-éπöÀ lesson ™ Whether/ °æ¤púË What to do Åçö«ç. Å™«-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ b) Åçü¿®Ω’ Ŷµºu-®Ω’n©÷ °æE-éÀ-´÷-L-†-¢√∞Ïx. á´-JE
Åúø’-í∫’-û√†’) if © Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç îª÷¨»ç éπü∆? É°æ¤púø’
'àçîË-ߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’?— ÅØËüË äéπ sentence ᆒo-éÓ-¢√-©-ØËC °ü¿l v°æ¨¡o =
Aslesh: Come on, Midhun, I have to pay the ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω Å™«ç-öÀüË ´’†èπ◊ Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ Å®·, Ç Å®Ωnç ´îËaç-ü¿’èπ◊, "What to do All candidates are equally bad. The big
fees tomorrow. How can I wait till you áü¿’-®ΩßË’u ÆæçC-í¬l¥-©†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úË now?" ņúøç ÆæÈ®j† English é¬ü¿’. éÀçü¿
M.SURESAN question is who to elect
take me to your uncle and do all these expressions îª÷ü∆lç. compare (A) and (B).
5) I don't know who to approach for help
things. Look at the following expressions from the (A) I want to know what to do now? (ØËØËç îËߪ÷™
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o– Ééπ\úø What to do, äéπ sen- sentence (4)
(àçôç-ô’-Ø√o´¤ †’´¤y? ؈’ fees éπö«d-LqçC conversation above: ÉC-èπÿú≈ ™«í¬ØË.
Í®°æ¤. O’ ´÷´’ߪ’u ü¿í∫_-JéÀ †’´¤y ††’o BÆæ’- 1) I don't know what to do. tence ™ ¶µ«í∫ç ´÷vûª¢Ë’. 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø ÉC correct. 6) I am just wondering when to see him =
ÈéR} Å´Fo îËÊÆ-ü∆é¬ ØËØÁ™« Çí∫-í∫-©†’?) 2) Let me tell you how to get over this difficulty. (B) I have no money. What to do now? Åûª-ØÁo-°æ¤púø’ éπ©-¢√™« ÅE Ç™-*-Ææ’hØ√o.
Midhun: Can't you borrow money from some- 3) I don't know which bank to go to. (Ø√ ü¿í∫_®Ω úø•’s-™‰ü¿’. àç îËߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’?– Ééπ\úø a) á°æ¤púø’ •ßª’-™‰l-®√™ FÍé-´’Ø√o îÁ§ƒpú≈? =
one till you get the bank loan? 4) I know who we can go to. What to do now ÅØËC sentence ™ ¶µ«í∫ç-é¬ü¿’. Did he tell you when to start?
(Bank loan ´îËa-´-®Ωèπÿ á´-J-ü¿-í∫_-È®jØ√ Å°æ¤p 5) I don't know who to approach for a bank loan. ¢ËÍ® sentence ™«í¬ ¢√úø’-ûª’Ø√oç – ÉC ûª°æ¤p.) ÉC b) °æØÁ-°æ¤púø’ °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ÷™ FÍé-´’Ø√o idea Öçü∆?=
ûÁa-éÓ-™‰¢√?) 6) I'm just wondering when to see him. î√™« ´·êuçí¬ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç. É™«çöÀ (Do you have/ Have you) any idea when to
Aslesh: That's exactly the problem. I don't
°j sentences ÅEoç-öÀ™  éπE-°œçîË pattern: 'Wh' Ææç ü¿ -® √s¥ ™x, Åçõ‰, àçîË-ߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’? = What is to complete the work?
word + Infinitive (to + Ist Regular doing word. be done now? ( What to do? é¬ü¿’, é¬ü¿’.)
know who to approach for a hand loan 7) a) Ç °æ¤Ææhéπç éÓÆæç áéπ\úø ¢Áü¿-鬙 é¬Ææh îÁ°æ¤p =
What ('wh' word) + to do (Infinitive) í∫´’-Eç-î √®Ω’ Kumar: We've waited for an hour. Jeevan hasn't
of a few thousand rupees. Please tell me where to look for the book?
(ÅüË Ø√ Ææ´’Ææu. éÌEo ¢Ë© ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© Å°æ¤p- èπÿüú≈
éπ ∆. °j expressions (those underlined) ÅFo come. (í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ îª÷¨»ç. @´Ø˛ Éçé¬ ®√™‰ü¿’.) b)
words ûÓ begin ÅßË’u¢Ë ÅE. Åçõ‰ àç Kesav: What's (what is) to be done now? (É°æ¤p-úËç-
éÓÆæç á´J ü¿í∫_-®Ω-Èé-∞«x-©-ØËC Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’úøç îËߪ÷™,'Wh'á´Jo
Ñ ®√vAéÀ áéπ\úø Evü¿-§Ú-¢√™ îª÷°œç =
éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√™, áéπ\-úÕéÀ, á°æ¤púø’, ᙫ îËü∆lç?/ îËߪ÷L?) (É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx What to do? ûª°æ¤p) Show me where to sleep for tonight.
™‰ü¿’)
EXERCISE (forgive - present; forgave - past; forgiven-
´®Ω{ç ´*a-†-°æp-öÀéà 鬮Ωu-véπ´’ç àç Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç ¶µº÷éπç°æç ´‚úø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x ®√´-úøçûÓ Ç v§ƒçûªç
Match the words under A with their mean- past participle)
™‰èπ◊çú≈ ïJ-T-§Ú-®·çC. Åçû√ ¨»¨¡y-ûªçí¬ üÁ•s-AçC.
ings under B. Forgive X Retaliate
b) I foresee a few hitches on our walking 5 - A. Sharp = (éÌçúø©’/ °æ®Ωy-û√©’/ ¢Á’ô’x
(Jö«-L-ßÁ’-ß˝’ö¸) = üÁ•s-èπ◊-
A B üÁ•s/ v°æB-鬮Ωç B®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç. (Hit back). tour= ´’† §ƒü¿ßª÷vûª™ éÌEo *†o É•sç- ™«çöÀN) Eö«-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o/ Eúø’-°j†/ ¢√©’ ûªèπ◊\-
1 Forgive A Sharp 2 - G. Yearning = •©-¢Á’i† éÓJéπ/ ûª°œç-*-§Ú-´úøç/ (fore-
ü¿’©’ áü¿’-®Ω-´¤-û√-ߪ’E ؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o ´í¬ ÖçúÕ áÍé\ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ Ö†o.
2 Longing B Repeat
¶„çí∫-°-ô’d-éÓ-´úøç see= ´·çüË Ü£œ«ç-îªúøç) 1) The car rolled down the steep mountain-
a) The boy is unable to study well because c) There was a hitch towards the end of the side =
3 Hitch C Reduce Eö«-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o °æ®Ωyûªç ¢√©’-O’ç* éÀçü¿èπ◊
of his longing for home/ longing for his programme because of the drizzle = 2) The old man found it dif-
4 Recur D Excuse 鬮Ωu- üÌJx-§Ú-®·çü∆ 鬮Ω’.
mother, etc = ÉçöÀ-O’ü¿/ ûªLx-O’ü¿ ¶„çí∫-´©x ficult to climb up the steep flight of stairs =
5 Steep E Extending ÆæJí¬ îªü¿-´-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
véπ´’ç *´®Ω† ûª’°æp®Ω ´©x é¬Ææh É•sçC
F Obstacle
éπL-TçC. Eö«-®Ω’í¬ Ö†o Ç ¢Á’õ„x-éπ\úøç Ç ´·Ææ-™«-ߪ’-†èπ◊ éπ≠d-æ
b) I have a longing to hear his voice again= 4 - B. Recur = repeat = ´’Sx ´’Sx Ææ綵º-Nç-îªúøç, ´’-E-°œç-*çC.
G Yearning ÅûªúÕ íÌçûª’ NØ√-©ØË é¬çéπ~™ ÖØ√o†’ ؈’. Flight of stairs = ¢Á’ôx èπÿ®Ω’p. üµ¿®Ω-™«xç-öÀN äéπ\-≤ƒ-
KEY:
°æ¤†-®√-´%-ûª-´’-´úøç
c) We can understand his longing to hear a) The Maoist violence recurs frequently in Jí¬ N°æ-K-ûªçí¬ Â°®Ω-í∫ôç = Steep rise in prices.
1 - D. Excuse = Pardon = éπ~N’ç-îªúøç. her songs = Ç¢Á’ §ƒô-©†’ NØ√-©ØË ÅûªúÕ the backward regions of the state = ®√≠æZ The prices of vegetables have risen steeply/
Oh God, please forgive us our sins = éÓJ-éπ†’ ´’†ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫©ç. ¢Á†’-éπ-•-úÕ† v§ƒçû√™x ´÷NÆˇd £œ«ç≤ƒ-é¬çúø ´’Sx sharply over the past week = í∫ûªç ¢√®Ωç
üË´¤ú≈ ´÷ §ƒ§ƒ-©†’ éπ~N’ç. Long = éÓ®Ω’-éÓ-´úøç/ ¶„çí∫-°æ-úøôç. ´’Sx ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª÷ØË Öçô’çC. ®ÓV™x èπÿ®Ω-í¬-ߪ’© üµ¿®Ω©’ N°æ-K-ûªçí¬ Â°J-í¬®·.
To err is human but to forgive is divine = Longing x Indifference (ÅØ√-ÆæéÀh) b) Some illnesses recur and surgery is the (sharp Åçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´í¬ ¢√úË Å®Ωnç = °æü¿’-ØÁj†. é¬F
§Ò®Ω-§ƒô’x ´÷†´ Ææ£æ«ïç, éπ~N’ç-îªúøç üÁj´-í∫’ùç. 3 - F. Obstacle = ÅúøfçéÀ/ Ææ´’Ææu/ Åçûª-®√ߪ’ç/ only permanent cure for them = éÌEo Ééπ\úÕ Å®Ωnç, äéπ\-≤ƒ-Jí¬, Eúø’-°æ¤í¬ ÅE)
(Divine = üË´¤-úÕéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*†) É•sçC. àüÁjØ√ °æE™ éÌClí¬ Ç©-≤ƒuEo éπ©’-í∫-ñ‰ÊÆ ¢√uüµ¿’©’ ´’Sx ´’Sx ´Ææ’hç-ö«®·. Å™«ç-öÀ-¢√-öÀéÀ steep x gradual/ moderate.
I can never forgive him for what he has ÅúøfçéÀ. ¨¡ÆæY *éÀûËq ¨»¨¡yûª E¢√-®Ωù. Gradual = véπ´’, véπ´’çí¬. Moderate = äéπ
done to me = Ø√éπ-ûªúø’ îËÆœç-ü∆-EéÀ ؈-ûª-úÕE a) In spite of the rain the programme went c) The earthquake recurred three times and ¢Á÷Ææh®Ω’– (Moderate price = áèπ◊\¢√, ûªèπ◊\¢√
á†o-öÀéà éπ~N’ç-îª-™‰†’. off without any hitch= damaged the area permanently= é¬èπ◊çú≈ äéπ ¢Á÷Ææh®Ω’ üµ¿®Ω/ Ææ®Ω-Ææ-¢Á’i† üµ¿®Ω).

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 24 -ï-†-´-J 2008
Abhijith: Hi Adbhuth, weren't you supposed to
be in Vijayawada today? How come I
see you here?
(†’´¤y Ñ®ÓV Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçú≈-©E
ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. Ééπ\úø éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√o-¢ËçöÀ?)
Adbhuth: You're right. I was told to be in
Vijayawada today. But because of a
last minute change in the programme
I had to cancel my trip.
(Eï¢Ë’. †Eo-¢√∞¡ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™ Öçúø-´’-
Ø√o®Ω’. é¬E *´J EN’≠æç ´÷®Ω’p-´©x Ø√
v°æߪ÷ùç ´÷†’-éÓ-¢√Lq ´*açC)
Abhijith: Who's responsible for the change?
(á´®Ω’ ´÷®Ω’p-†èπ◊ 鬮Ωùç?)
Adbhuth: Our director is. He is believed to have
told the manager to change the pro-
gramme.
(´’† director. Programme ´÷®Ωa-´’E Adbhuth: OK. Let's hope
Åûªúø’ manager èπ◊ îÁ°œp-†ô’x †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’)
Abhijith: What on earth for? (áçü¿’èπ◊?)
éÌçîÁç NÆæ’í¬_ ÅØË-ô-°æ¤púø’, on earth Åçô’çö«ç
Adbhuth: Who knows? We are expected to fol-
low orders. That's what I
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Abhijith: I think he is soon going to be
replaced; the present director, I mean.
(ûªy®Ω-™ØË Çߪ’†’o ´÷®Ω’-Ææ’h-Ø√o-®Ω-†’-èπ◊çö«,
ÅüË, É°æ¤p-úø’†o director †’.)
Adbhuth: What good that's going to be?
(Åçü¿’-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï-†-¢Ë’çöÀ?)
Abhijith: The company will be placed on the
path to growth.
(Company ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ ´÷®Ω_ç™ Öçô’çC)
Adbhuth: How are you so sure of it?
(Åçûª éπ*aûªçí¬ á™« îÁ°æp-í∫-©´¤?)
This house was built ten years ago= 2) I was told to be in Vijayawada today.
Abhijith: The new director may prove more effi-
Verb - was told (PV)
cient than the present one. At least
Ñ É©’x °æüË∞¡x éÀçü¿ô éπôd-•-úÕçC–
that is what is hoped. Spoken Telugu ™ É™« ņç éπü∆? Ñ É©’x 3) He is believed to have told the manager.
(éÌûªh director É°æ¤p-úø’†o director éπçõ‰ (ÉçöÀ E) °æüË∞¡x éÀçü¿ô éπö«d®Ω’ Åçö«ç. Verb - is believed (PV)
Ææ´’-®Ω’n-úø’í¬ ÖçúÌa. Å™« ÅE éπFÆæç Ééπ\úø Spoken English ™ passive voice 4) We are expected to follow orders.
Verb - are expected (PV)
ÇP-Ææ’h-Ø√o®Ω’) Å´-Ææ®Ωç. áçü¿’-éπçõ‰, á´®Ω’ éπö«d-®ΩE é¬èπ◊çú≈, éπöÀdçC
(verb) á°æ¤púø’ ÅØË N≠æ-
5) So long as I am paid properly.
so too. ߪ÷-EéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç. ÅçûË
Verb - am paid (PV)
(´’†´‚ Å™«Íí -é¬-èπ◊çú≈ subject (°æE
6) That's well said.
- Ç çí∫ x - ¶ µ « - ≠ æ - ù
- îË-Æœç-üÁ-´®Ω’) ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’
412
ÇPü∆lç)
passive Verb - is said (PV)



¢√ú≈-LqçüË.
7) Programmes are often changed.
Verb - are changed (PV)

W hat on ear th for?

do. So long as I am paid
properly why should I 8) He is going to be replaced.
bother? Verb - is going to be replaced (PV)
(á´-JéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’? ´’†ç ¢√∞¡x 9) That's what is hoped.
Çïc©’ §ƒöÀç-î√-©E ¢√∞¡x-†’- Verb - is hoped (PV)
èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ؈’ îËÊÆD ÅüË. Ø√èπ◊ Ø√ É°æ¤púø’ ´’†ç Advanced level of The Road has been repaired= 1) You are supposed - ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™–
@ûªç ÆæJí¬_ ÅçüË-´-®Ωèπ◊ Ø√ÍéçöÀ?ØËØÁç-ü¿’èπ◊ Spoken English ™éÀ Åúø’-í∫’-°-úø’-ûª’Ø√oç. Road repair Å®·çC (îËߪ’-•-úÕçC (E†’o/ F í∫’Jç*) ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’
¶«üµ¿-°æ-ú≈L?) Ñ ü¿¨¡™ ´’†ç ´·êuçí¬ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√- ņ-èπ◊çú≈). a) You are supposed to be the leader =
Abhijith: That's well said. Our director is con- LqçC Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ-®Ωçí¬ passive voice
Road repair îËÆ œç-üÁ-´®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’/ †’´¤y Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-úÕ-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’ (ņ’-éÓ-
sidered very efficient. But aren't such ¢√úøôç.
sudden changes a waste of money?
îÁ° æp™‰ç 鬕öÀd passive- has been •-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o´¤)
English ™ ´·êuçí¬ Spoken repaired - Ééπ\úø Å´-Ææ®Ωç. É™«ç-öÀ-îÓôx b) You are supposed to be in Delhi today =
Difficult to believe efficiency and
English ™ O©-®·-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ passive ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Spoken English ™ passive
M.SURESAN
wastage can go together.
†’Oy-®ÓV úµÕMx™ ÖØ√o-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
voice ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç ´’ç*-ü¿E 2) I was told =
(¶«í¬ îÁ§ƒp´¤. ´’† director †’ î√™« Å´- Ææ-®Ω-´’-´¤-ûª’çC. Ø√ûÓ îÁ§ƒp®Ω’ – á´®Ω’ îÁ§ƒp®Ó
Ææ´’-®Ω’n-úÕí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ-≤ƒh®Ω’. é¬E É™«çöÀ Çéπ-Æœtéπ Éçûª - è π ◊ - ´ ·çü¿ ’ î√™«- ≤ ƒ®Ω ’ x îÁ § ƒpç. ´·êuçí¬ v°æ A The lunch was cooked by my sister. ûÁ©’-°æúøç O©’-é¬-éπ-§ÚûË É™« Åçö«®Ω’.
´÷®Ω’p-´©x úø•’s ´%ü∑∆ éπü∆? ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç, úø•’s active voice ™E verb †÷, passive ™éÀ ´÷®Ωa-úøç- í∫´ ’-E ç-îªçúÕ– by my sister- ÉC î√™« ÅÆæ-£æ«ïç. a) We were told you were going to buy a flat=
´%ü∑∆ éπLÆœ Öçö«-ߪ’E †´’tôç éπ≠dçæ .) ´©x (grammar éÓÆæç), ¶µ«¢√Eo passive ™ ûÁL-ߪ’- Éçûª-éπçõ‰, My sister cooked the lunch (active) †’¢ËyüÓ flat é̆-¶-ûª’-Ø√o-´E ´÷ûÓ á´®Ó ÅØ√o®Ω’.
efficient = É°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛ö¸– ñ‰-ߪ’úøç î√™« Néπ%-ûªçí¬, éπ%ûªéπç (artificial) í¬ ÖçúÕ, Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬, Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ ÖçC éπü∆? b) This was reported to the Principal =
'°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Ææ´’-®Ω’n-™„j†; Spoken English ™ Ææ£æ«-ïûªyç ™°œ-Ææ’hçC. -Å-™«í∫-E ÅC Principal èπ◊ á´®Ó îÁ§ƒp®Ω’.
efficiency= É°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛Æ œ– passive voice ¢√ú≈-Lq† Å´-Ææ®Ωç ÅÆæ©’ ™‰ü¿E é¬ü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çü∆ç: Active voice ™ subjects - 3) He is believed = (ÅûªúÕ í∫’Jç*) †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
'°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç Verb ûÁLÊ° °æEéÀ v§ƒüµ∆†uç É¢√yLq ´*a, Ç °æEE îËÊÆ I, we, you, he, she, they, someone, nobody, a Tendulkar is believed to be the best batsman
Adbhuth: True. Programmes are often changed subject ´’†èπ◊ clear í¬ îÁ°æp-™‰-éπ-§Ú-®·-†-°æ¤úË, passive man, the boy, etc people, etc Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√öÀE in the world =
only because of improper planning. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç Å´-Ææ®Ωç, Ææ£æ«ïç. passive ™ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ¢√úø-éπ-§Ú-´-úø¢Ë’ ´’ç*C, Åçü¿ç
(By me, by us, ™«çöÀ expressions ®√èπ◊çú≈).
õ„çúø’-©\®˝ Åûªuçûª íÌ°æp batsman ÅE Åçü¿®Ω÷
Improper planning is the result of inef- eg: This house was built ten years ago. †´·t-ûª’-Ø√o®Ω’.
ficiency. Verb - was built (was- be form + built - past Now look at the passive expressions used in 4) We are expected = ´’†Lo ÇPÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.
(Eï¢Ë’. Programmes ûª®Ωîª÷ ´÷®Ωaúøç, participle- voice - passive) the conversation above. 5) I am paid = ؈’ îÁLxç-îª-•-úø-û√†’– ´÷´‚©’
1) Weren't you (= Were you not) supposed to be
ÆæÈ®j† v°æù«-Ré𠙉éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´©xØË. ÆæÈ®j† í∫’®Ω’hçC éπü∆? Verb, be form + past participle ûÁ©’í∫’™– Ø√èπ◊ îÁLx-≤ƒh®Ω’.
in Vijayawada today?
v°æù«-Ré𠙉éπ-§Ú-´úøç, ÅÆæ-´’-®Ωnûª °∂æL-ûª¢Ë’.) (PP) í¬ Öçõ‰ ÅC passive. ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ''•úø’—— ÅE É™«Íí N’í∫-û√N èπÿú≈. More in the next lesson.
inefficiency= ÉE-°∂œ-≠ˇ-Ø˛Æ œ–
'°∂œ— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç= ÅÆæ-´’-®Ωnûª Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. verb = were supposed (PV)

EXERCISE Awkward - Çéπyú˛ (éπyú˛– bird ™«í∫)– Ç ØÌéÀ\ Ø√ûÓ îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√∞¡x Ø√†o îÁ°œpç-ü∆Eo ´÷Ja/ On seeing the policeman, the thief was
Match the words under A with their scared and I felt reassured = Police
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç. Awkward situation- É•sç-C-éπ®Ω ´véÃ-éπ-Jç* îÁ§ƒpúø’. (¢√∞¡x Ø√†o îÁ°œpç-üÌ-éπöÀ, Åûª†’ †’
meanings under B. °æJ-ÆœnA. O’Jç-öÀéÀ °œL-*† friend, O’ ÉçöÀéÀ îª÷úø-í¬ØË üÌçí∫èπ◊ ü¿úø-°æ¤-öÀdçC, Ø√èπ◊ üµÁj®Ωuç éπL-TçC.
Ø√ûÓ îÁ°œpç-Cç-éÌ-éπöÀ)
A B 5-B. Fluctuate = Vary = ´÷®Ω’ûª÷
´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, O’ ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’-©-ûª-úÕE Å´-´÷-EÊÆh O’ Twist X straighten (= ´çT Ö†o-ü∆Eo ≤ƒ°∂‘í¬ Öçúøôç
1. Awkward A. Terrify
position î√™« awkward í¬ Öçô’çC. Awkward ûª®Ω-îª’í¬– °æJ-´÷-ùç™, Ø√ùu-ûª™, üµ¿®Ω™.
2. Twist B. Vary îËߪ’úøç)
3-F. Landscape = Scenery= v°æéπ%-A-ü¿%¨¡uç. The price of petroleum fluctuates in the inter-
3. Landscape C. Clumsy
Åçõ‰ Å≤˘éπ-®Ωu-¢Á’i† ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC.
4. Scare D. Delicate He sat in an awkward position. The landscape of Kashmir is beautiful= national market = Åçûª-®√b-Bߪ’ N°æ-ùÀ™ °vö-
5. Fluctuate E. Bend Awkward (éπçí¬®Ω’, ûªúø-¶«ô’ ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) $ skill- é¬Qt®˝ v°æéπ%-A-ü¿%¨¡uç Ææ’çü¿-®Ωçí¬ Öçô’çC. Lߪ’ç üµ¿®Ω©’ ûª®Ωîª÷ ´÷®Ω’-ûª’ç-ö«®·.
F. Scenery ful/ adroit =î√éπ-îª-éπuçûÓ, Awkward (É•sçCéπ®Ω- Fluctuating voltage = Current voltage ™
The landscape of Araku valley is enchanting=
G. Straighten
¢Á’i† ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ) $ graceful (£æ›çü∆í¬). ûª®Ωîª÷ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i† ´÷®Ω’p©’.
KEY: 1-C. Awkward= Clumsy = Å®Ωèπ◊ ™ߪ’ ü¿%¨¡uç ´’çvûª-´·-í∫’l¥Lo îËÆæ’hçC.
His mood fluctuated between the happiest
àüÁjØ√ °æE 2-E. Twist = Bend = ´çîªúøç. Twisted rod =
-îË-ߪ’-úøç™ éπçí¬®Ω’°æúøôç, í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ∞¡ç. enchanting = Çéπ-ô’d-èπ◊ØË, ´’çvûª-´·-í∫’l¥©’ îËÊÆ.
´ç*† éπúŒf. (Twist - Twisted - Twisted) and the saddest =
4-A. Scare = Terrify= ¶µºßª’ç éπL-Tç-îªúøç
ÅûªúÕ ´’†-ÆœnA ÅA ÆæçûÓ≠æç
a) As he walked up the stage, he appeared
very awkward = ¢ËCéπ O’CéÀ †úÕ* ¢Á∞Ïx-ô-°æ¤púø’ He twisted my arm behind my back = The sudden appearance of the dog scared
†’ç* ÅA ü¿’”ë«-EéÀ ÜTçC.
Fluctuate X Persist (= äÍé ÆœnA™ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫úøç).
î√™« ûªúø-•-úø’ûª÷, éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬ éπE-°œç-î√úø’. Ø√ îËAE ¢Á†-éπèπ◊ ¢Á’L-A-§ƒpúø’. the child = ņ’-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ç èπ◊éπ\ éπE-°œç-îªúøç, Ç
b) 'Have you any money?' The road twists and turns too often = Ç road Gúøf†’ ¶µºßª’-°-õ‰d-ÆœçC. This price has persisted for the past few
The thought of death punishment scared the weaks =
'I'm sorry, I don't have any' he said. ´’K ´çéπ®Ω A®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC/ ´çéπ-®Ω-öÀç-éπ-®Ωí¬ Öçô’çC. Ñ üµ¿®Ω í∫ûª éÌCl ¢√®√-©’í¬ (äÍé Nüµ¿çí¬/
awkwardly = 'F ü¿í∫_®Ω úø¶‰s-¢Á’iØ√ Öçü∆?— As she fell she twisted her neck = murderer = ´’®Ω-ù-Péπ~ í∫’Jç* Ç™- Ç £æ«çûª-èπ◊- ´÷®Ω’p©’ ™‰èπ◊çú≈) é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’-ûÓçC.
Ç¢Á’ °æúÕ-§Ú-´ôçûÓ ¢Á’úø AJ-T-§Ú-®·çC. úÕ™ ü¿úø-°æ¤-öÀdç-*çC. D) Delicate = Ææ’Eo-ûª-¢Á’i†. A baby's skin is deli-
'™‰ü¿’,— ÅØ√o-úø-ûªúø’ É•sç-Cí¬ ¢Á·£æ«ç-°öÀd
The sight of our headmaster scares us = ´÷ cate = Gúøf Ωtç Ææ’Eo-ûªçí¬ Öçô’çC. An egg
c) She tried to dance but she was quite awk- Twist Åçõ‰ äéπ®Ω’ îÁ°œpç-ü∆Eo ´véÃ-éπ-Jç* îÁ°æpúøç.
ward = dance headmaster éπE-°œÊÆh î√©’, ¢Ë’ç ¶µºßª’-°æ-úÕ-§Úû√ç. shell is delicate = éÓúÕ í∫’úø’f °çèπ◊ Ææ’Eoûªç.
Ç¢Á’ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-*çC, When he reported the matter to me he twist-
Scare X reassure (üµÁj®ΩuçûÓ ÆœnN’-ûª-°æ-úøôç) Delicate X tough (ü¿%úµø-¢Á’i†).
é¬F î√™« éπçí¬-®Ω’í¬ ûªúø-•-úÕçC. ed what his father had said =

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 27 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
v°æ¨¡o: 1. To be + pp form
í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’. 7. Ééπ\úø ÅEo ®Ω鬩 ÂÆjéÀ∞¡Ÿx Å´’t-•-úø-û√®· ņ-ú≈-EéÀ
DEo à N-üµ¿çí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L. Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊ All types of cycles will be sold here ÅØ√L éπü∆?
to be won èπ◊ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? All types of cycles are sold here ÅE áçü¿’èπ◊
2. Would be í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ. Would be + pp
Åçö«®Ω’? ü∆E Å®Ωnç ÅEo ®Ω鬩 ÂÆjéÀ∞¡Ÿx Ééπ\úø Å´’t-
form †’ à Nüµ¿çí¬ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ùèπ◊
•úÕ ÖØ√o®· ÅE ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆?
ï¢√•’: 1. to be + pp (am/ is/ are/ shall be/
– -Å-Gµ->-û˝, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
would be done, would be won Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ?

Would be - -á-™« Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? was/ can be, etc + past participle) form
verb passive voice ™ Öçô’çC.
™
(pp = past participle ÅE ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆?)
3. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ äéπ °æEE îË®·-≤ƒh†’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L?
To be won = Èí©’--éÓ-•-ú≈-Lq† ņoô’x.
؈’ Ç °æEE îË®·-≤ƒh†’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L? She hoped that she would be given the prize = He is seen (is + seen - pp of see) here every-
Three prizes to be won= Prize day =
4. éÀçC-¢√-öÀ™ àN éπÈ®é˙d? ûª†éÀ´y-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E Ç¢Á’ ÇPç-*çC.
I. a) What does the poet
Èí©’--éÓ-•-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Èí©’--èπ◊-ØËç- We all expected that the match would be won v°æA-®ÓW (Regular) Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø îª÷úø-•-úø-û√úø’.
by India = Match
says?
ü¿’èπ◊) ´‚úø’ •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’. ¶µ«®Ω-û˝-îËûª Èí©’-´-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E (v°æA-®ÓW Åûª-úÕ-éπ\úø éπE°œ≤ƒhúø’.)
More work to be done = match
¢Ë’ç ņ’-èπ◊Ø√oç (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’: ¶µ«®Ωû˝ They are given (are + given - pp of give) coffee
b) What does the poet say?
Èí©’-Ææ’hç-ü¿E ņ’-èπ◊Ø√oç). every morning =
II. a) Where does she goes?
îËߪ’-•-úËç-ü¿’èπ◊ (îËߪ÷-Lq†) °æE Éçé¬ ÖçC.
3. I will make (somebody) do it/ I will get it/ have v°æA Öü¿ßª’ç ¢√∞¡Ÿx coffee É´y-•-úø-û√®Ω’–
2. Would be - DE í∫’-Jç-* Éçûªèπ◊´·çü¿’ î√™«-≤ƒ®Ω’x
b) Where does she go? it done.
N´-Jç-î√ç. í∫ûªç-™ç* ¶µºN-≠æuû˝ îÁ°æpú≈-EéÀ ÉC (¢√∞¡xèπ◊ coffee É≤ƒh®Ω’)
III. a) What does he thinks? 4. 1b, 2b and 3b correct.
¢√úøû√ç. Was + pp/ Were + pp- í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T† °æ†’-©èπ◊.
b) What does he think? 5. 2nd RDW not/ question
It was done yesterday - E†o îËߪ’-•-úÕçC
†’ ûÓ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’
does + 1st RDW Does
5. 2nd RDW †’ Question ûÓí¬F, not ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC. ûÓ They were taken home =
2nd Regular Doing Word ®√ü¿’.
ûÓí¬F îÁÊ°p-ô-°æ¤púø’ does ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆? He likes me X He does not like me
ÅN ÉçöÀéÀ BÆæ’-Èé-∞¡x-•-ú≈f®·.
´’J does †’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-*-†-°æ¤púø’ 1st
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 413 likes + not / ? = (does like) í∫´’-Eéπ: be form ûÓ object Ö†o verbs èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’
RDW áçü¿’èπ◊ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’? ÅC ûª°æ¤p-é¬ü∆? past participle ¢√úøû√ç. Åçõ‰ á´-JE/ üËEE ÅE
Does + 1st RDW correct
´÷vûª¢Ë’
verb èπ◊ v°æ¨¡o ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ answer ´îËa verbs èπ◊
N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. 6. am + pp/ is + pp/ are + pp- Regular
I thought that he would be there = object Öçô’çC. come- ®√´úøç– á´-JE/ üËEéÀ
6. Am, is, are v°æÆæ’hûªç Öçúø-ö«Eo ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh®· í¬ ïJÍí °æEE passive voice ™ ®√´úø
éπü∆? am+pp, is + pp, are+ pp ©†’ ᙫ Å®Ωnç Åûª-úø-éπ\úø Öçö«úøE ؈-†’-èπ◊Ø√o – ņ’-
ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-≤ƒh®·. ç?- Answer ™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE was come/
èπ◊-†oC í∫ûªç – Åûªúø’ Öçúøôç Å°æpöÀ were come ®√ü¿’. ûª°æ¤p.
îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? †’ç* future 鬕öÀd would be. I am taught (am + taught - pp of
7. Will be sold Åçõ‰ future ™ Å´’t•úøû√ߪ’E
Was come ûª°æ¤p ÅE îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. é¬F was + pp, would be + pp = would be done, teach) for an hour everyday =
were + pp í∫’Jç* ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-¨»®Ω’ éπü∆! Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ (v°æA ®ÓW (Regular) ؈’ í∫çôÊÆ°æ¤ Å®Ω nç. Are sold Åçõ‰ véπ´’ç ûª°æp-èπ◊çú≈/ á°æ¤púø÷
would be seen, etc. √-ߪ’E. Book Shops ™ °æ¤Ææh-é¬-™„-°æ¤púø÷
was + pp à Nüµ¿çí¬ ûª°æp-´¤-ûª’çC? He is come He Know that it would be done = ¶Cµç-îª-•-úø-û√†’. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Å´’t-••--úúøø--ûû√®·
Å´’t-
鬕öÀd are sold ÅØË ÅØ√L.
éπÈ®é˙d Å®·-†-°æ¤púø’ He was come áçü¿’èπ◊ ûª°æ¤p? ÅC îËߪ’-•-úø’-ûª’ç-ü¿E Åûª-úÕéÀ ûÁL-ÆœçC. M.SURESAN v°æA-®ÓW í∫çô-ÊÆ°æ¤ Ø√èπ◊ ¶Cµ-≤ƒh®Ω’.)
v°æ¨¡o: 'Question Tag' ©’, I am young, amn't I ? , I am

He is seen her e ever yday

correct, aren't I ? – É™« ûËú≈í¬ Öçô’-Ø√o®·. 'be' form
°æéπ\† not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË, not ´Ææ’hçC. é¬F 'aren't' áçü¿’èπ◊
I am young, aren't I?
´Ææ’hçC?
amn't I ?
éπü∆ ®√¢√-
v°æ¨¡o: üÁj†ç-C†, v°æéπ%A Ææç•ç-Cµûª, Ææ£æ«ï, -îªJ-vû√-ûªtéπ Å稻-©†’ simple pre-
LqçC? éÌEo °æ¤Ææh-鬙x amn't I í¬, ´’J-éÌEoç-öÀ-™ aren't Eg: I come to express my gratitude to you.
I í¬ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. Éçé¬ É™«çöÀ ûËú≈©’çõ‰ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’?
sent tense ™ ´Jg-≤ƒh®Ω’. ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† °∂æ’-ô-†-©†’ simple past O’èπ◊ éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ØËE-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´î√a†’.
ï¢√•’: I am young, aren't I? ņúøç correct. äéπ\ 'I" Ééπ\úø I have come ÅØÁjØ√ ÅØÌa.
– G.¢Á÷-£æ«Ø˛, éπçûË®Ω’
tense ™ØË îÁ§ƒpL. ÉçúÕ-ߪ÷–-§ƒ-é˙© ´’üµ¿u véÀÈéö¸ ´÷uî˝ vú≈
N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, question tag ™ n't (not) ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’, Å®·uçC. ÉC î√J-vû√-ûªtéπ Å稡ç é¬ü¿’. ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† 鬙«-EÍé. Åçü¿’-éπØË news paper headings ™ Twenty die as train derails
Å®·Ø√ channels ™, News (Train °æö«d©’ ûª°æp-ôçûÓ 20 ´’çC
aren't I? ÅE ´Ææ’hçC, ®√¢√L. ÉC ¢√úø’éπ, (usage) 鬕öÀd

match ends in a draw Åçô÷ match ends in a draw ? and kill villagers (°æçôLo Ø√¨¡†ç îËÆœ
N´-®Ωù Åçô÷ Öçúøü¿’. í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçüË. Å®·ûË ´’Sx Papers ™ èπÿú≈ Indo-Pak ´’®Ωùç), Elephants destroys crops
question tag ™, "I" ûÓ not ™‰éπ-§ÚûË am I? ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC.
ends simple present tense
v°æ¨¡o: He said, "I will come here"... Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Indirect
´’†’-≠æfl-©†’ îªç°œ† à†’-í∫’©’) ™«çöÀ
áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√ú≈®Ω’? É™«Íí áØÓo Å稻©’ The talks 'fail' Åçô÷ headings îª÷≤ƒhç. Å®·ûË The use of simple present for past
Speech ™ come ≤ƒn†ç™ go ´Ææ’hçü∆? N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. ûª®Ωîª÷ Í®úÕ-ßÁ÷™x Nçô’Ø√oç. Ê°°æ®Ωx-™ -îª-ü¿’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√oç. -É-C learners events, headlines èπ◊ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ °æJ-N’ûªç. Headlines éÀçC éπü∑¿-†ç™
éπÈ®Fq ØÓôx°j èπÿ, beginners èπÿ -ûª°æ¤p-úø’ ÆæçÍé-û√-©’ -ÉÆæ’h-†o-õ‰x éπ-ü∆? ÉC à Ææ÷vûªç (News report/ story ™) ´÷vûªç Ææç°∂æ’-ô† ïJT† day/ date †’ ûÁL°œ,
I promise to "I will come here".. v°æ鬮Ωç ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûÓçC? N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. past simple ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
pay the News paper regular í¬ îªü¿-´úøç Å©-¢√-ô-®·ûË learners/ beginners
ï¢√•’: A very good question.
– á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’
bearer the sum of one hundred rupees ÅE ®√Æœ èπ◊ ÖçúË confusion ûÌ©-T-§Ú-ûª’çC. éÌEo TV channels ™ ûª°æ¤pí¬
Öçô’çC. ü∆E ¶µ«´ç àN’öÀ? – §ƒ´E, Ææ’üµ¿, News Paper reporting ™ ´·êuçí¬ headings ™ ïJ-T-§Ú-®·† India won the match ÅE ®√Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’. ÉC India wins ÅE é¬F, India
N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ present simple ™ report îËߪ’úøç ¢Á·ü¿öÀ †’ç* ´Ææ’h†o has won ÅE é¬F Öçú≈L. India wins ņo-°æ¤púø’ journalistic lan-

ï¢√•’: Å´¤†’. He said that he would go there, correct.

´’ûªqu-°æ¤J, °æPa-´’-íÓ-ü∆-´J
Currency notes †’ ´·vCç* «-´’ùÀ îËÊÆ ¶«üµ¿uûª Reserve
Bank of India C. Ç bank governor, äéπ ØÓô’-èπ◊†o vü¿´u-
N-©’´ (monetary value – úø•’s© N©’´)†’ ûÁLÊ° £æ…O’ ÉC.
´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-© -ØÓô’†o ¢√È®-´-J-ÈéjØ√ (bearer = ØÓô’†’ §ÒçC-
†-¢√®Ω’) ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© vü¿´uç (úø•’s) îÁLx-≤ƒh-†E Reserve
Bank of India Governor £æ…O’ ÉC.
v°æ¨¡o: What is the difference of Invention and Discovery.
dž-¢√-®·B (convention). ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ immediate past ™ ïJ-T† N≠æ-
ߪ÷-©†’ éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x simple present ™ ûÁLߪ’-ñ‰≤ƒhç.
v°æ¨¡o: No Smoking, Missing, Drinking Water, Parking ™«çöÀ v°æéπ-ô-†-©†’
-ing form™ ®√≤ƒh-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? Do not smoke here, missed ÅE ®√ߪ’-
´îª’a éπü∆! 'ûª°œp-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’— ņ-ú≈-EéÀ 'missing' ÆæÈ®j† Å®√n-Eo-Ææ’hçü∆?
Drinking water èπ◊ 'F∞¡Ÿx û√í∫’-ûª’†o— ÅE Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√oç. û√Íí-F-
®Ω’†’ Drinking water ÅE é¬èπ◊çú≈ ´’®Ó ´÷ô/ ®Ω÷°æç™ îÁ°æp-™‰´÷?
Å™«Íí parking Åçõ‰ à´’E
guage Å´¤-ûª’çC. India has won ņo-°æ¤púø’ past action, time not
stated Å´¤-ûª’çC.
O’ ÆæçüË£æ«ç î√™« ´’ç* ÆæçüË-£æ«¢Ë’.
working women = ÖüÓuí∫ç îËÊÆ/ îËÆæ’h†o Æ‘Y©’
Å®·ûË walking stick Åçõ‰ †úø’-Ææ’h†o éπv®Ω ÅE ®√ü¿’.
ÉC ¢√úø’-éπ™ Å™« ´îËa expression.
Printing ink Åçõ‰ printing (´·vCçîËçü¿’) èπ◊ ¢√úË ink ÅØË ´Ææ’hçC é¬F

Åçõ‰ †úø’-Ææ’h†o éπv®Ω é¬-ü¿’

´·vCçîË ink ÅE ®√ü¿’ éπü∆.
ï¢√•’: Invention - ™‰E ü∆Eo Ææ%≠œdç-îªúøç – Electric bulb,
– áØ˛. Æœü¿lùg, ®√ߪ’-ü¿’®Ω_ç
walking stick
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L? -ü¿-ߪ’-îËÆœ
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. missed = éÓ™p-®·†
TV, Telephone
™«çöÀ ¢√öÀE, Inventions Åçö«ç. missed chance = (´’†’-≠æfl©’)
ï¢√•’: Missing Åçõ‰ ûª°œp-§Ú-
– °œ.¢Á÷-£æ«Ø˛, ïT-û√u©
Discovery - Ö†o ü∆Eo ¢Á·ü¿-ôí¬ îª÷úøôç/ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç/ éÓ™p-®·† Å´-é¬-¨»©’.
ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç. ®·† ÅØË Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Correct. Å®·ûË, Ééπ\úø missing Åçõ‰ éπ†- Ééπ\úø missed, past participle.
Invention/ Discovery Columbus discov- •-úø-ôç-™‰ü¿’/ ñ«úø-™‰ü¿’ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd ûª°œp-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ He missed the chance = Åûª-úø’ Å´-é¬-¨»Eo §ÚíÌô’dèπ◊Ø√oúø’.
ered America - ņ-ú≈-EéÀ missing correct ´÷-õ‰. Drinking Åçõ‰ û√í∫’-ûª’†o ÅØË Ééπ\úø missed - past simple.
Å¢Á’-J-鬆’ ¢Á·ü¿ô îª÷ÆœçC Columbus. é¬èπ◊çú≈ û√Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC. É™«çöÀN Éçé¬ î√™« ÖØ√o®·. ¢√öÀE ´’†ç Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-≤ƒ®Ωç Å®Ωnç
The discovery of the law of gravitation = walking stick = stick used for walking. îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√L.
¶µº÷´÷u-éπ-®Ω{ù Æœü∆l¥ç-û√Eo ¢Á·ü¿ô Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-†oC. writing table = table which we use for writing

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 29 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Amogh: A piece of good news. You've been
English ™ v§ƒ´·-êu-´·†o passive voice
selected for the college team.
í∫’Jç* îªJa-Ææ’hØ√oç éπü∆. English ™ passive voice
(--ã -¨¡Ÿ-¶µº-¢√®Ωh. -†’-´¤y college team èπ◊ èπ◊ v§ƒüµ∆†uç î√™« Ö†o-°æp-öÀéà Ŵ-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i-†-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úø-
áç°œéπ-ߪ÷u-´¤) ô¢Ë’ Åçü¿çí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿F, ņ-´-Ææ-®Ωçí¬ ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’
Akhil: That's real good news. Are you sure of î√™« Néπ%-ûªçí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E èπÿú≈ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√oç-éπü∆?
it? ´·êuçí¬– by (á´-J-îËûª) – Ç °æE îËߪ’-•-úÕçC (ÉC
(´’ç* ¢√Í®h ÅC. é¬E Eï-¢Ë’Ø√?/ Fèπ◊ Telugu passive form) ÅE ´’†èπ◊ Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-Æœ-†-
í∫öÀdí¬ ûÁ©’≤ƒ?) °æ¤púø’, by X/ Y/ Z ÅE passive voice ¢√úøôç ņ-´-
Amogh: The team has been announced. Your Ææ®Ωç. °æE-îË-Æ œç-üÁ-´®Ó (subject) éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ûÁL-Æ œ-†-°æ¤púø’,
name is on the list. active voice ™ îÁ°æp-úø¢Ë’ Ææ£æ«ïçí¬ Öçô’ç-ü¿E
(ïô’d†’ v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’. F Ê°®Ω’ ñ«G-û√™ ÖçC) í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓçúÕ. ´·êuçí¬ Spoken English ™... by
5) The match will be held this 15th. verb- will be
Akhil: I am really happy about it. Thank you. me/ him/ you/ us/ her/ them/ it/ somebody ´îËa ûÁ©’í∫’™ Å®·ûË á´®Ω’ v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’ ÅØË N≠æ-ߪ÷-EéÀ
Who else are included in it? passive voice ¢√é¬u©èπ◊ ≤ƒn†ç ™‰ü¿’. By ûÓ ´îËa held - 'be' form + PP - passive=
v§ƒüµ∆†uç É´y-èπ◊çú≈, ïô’d v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’ ÅØË≤ƒhç.
(؈’ Eïçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ ÖØ√o. Thank passive Öçõ‰ ÅC ¢√úø-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúø-ô¢Ë’ ´’ç*C. Match Ñ 15† E®Ωy-£œ«ç-îª-•-úø’-ûª’çC. ´÷´‚©’ á´®Ω’ v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’? – DEéÀ v§ƒ´’êuç ™‰ü¿’. Éô’-
you. ÉçÈé-´Jo îË®Ω’a-èπ◊-Ø√o-®Ωç-ü¿’™?) Now look at the following sentences from match Ñ 15† Öçô’çC/ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’çC.
ûÁ©’í∫’– ´çöÀ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x English ™ passive ´÷vûª¢Ë’
Amogh: Our friend Sunil has been dropped. He the dialogue above. See if they can be only in 6) Players will be asked to report for practice
passive voice or if they can be better if they are
¢√úø-í∫©ç. ™‰èπ◊çõ‰ The selection committee ÅØË
was found to have a knee problem. from the 3rd. verb- will be asked- be form + N´-®ΩçûÓ, The selection committee has
in active voice. ( Sentences passive voice
Ñ ™ PP - passive= practice
(Ææ’F-™¸†’ ´C-™‰-¨»®Ω’. Åûª-EÍéüÓ ¢Á÷é¬L Çô-í¬∞¡Ÿx 3 †’ç* èπ◊ announced the team ÅØÌa. É™« ÅØË •ü¿’©’
´÷vûª ¢Ë’ îÁ°æp-í∫-©´÷ ™‰èπ◊çõ‰
Ææ´’Ææu ÖçC)
passive voice ™éÀ
£æ…ï-®Ω’-é¬-¢√-©E Åúø-í∫-•-úø- passive better éπü∆, selection committee omit
Akhil: When is the match? (Match á°æ¤púø’?) û√®Ω’= Players †’ 3†’ç*
¢√öÀE
´÷Ja îÁÊ°h ¢Á’®Ω’í¬_ îËÆœ.
Amogh: The match will be held this 15th and practice èπ◊ ®Ω´’tç-ö«®Ω’–
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Öçö«ßª÷ îª÷úøçúÕ). Ñ 3) Who else are included? Ñ passive form èπ◊
players will be asked to report for prac- 414 ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’.
¢√é¬u-©Fo passive. èπÿú≈ active éπ≠d¢æ Ë’, îËÍ®a-¢√-∞Îx-´®Ó ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’鬕öÀd.
tice from the 3rd onwards.
Ééπ\úø English ™ active ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰†õ‰x.
(Match, 15th † Å´¤-ûª’çC.
4) Sunil has been dropped=

The team has been announced

Çô-í¬-∞¡xç-ü¿-JE 3 †’ç* prac-
tice èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω-¢√-©ç-ö«®Ω’.)
Akhil: I would have been there too
if I had been in town yester-
day.
(E†o ؈’ Ü∞x Öçõ‰, ؈-éπ\úø ÖçúË-¢√úËo.)
I'd have got all this information myself.
(Ñ Ææ´÷-î√-®Ω-´’çû√ ØËØË ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-†’ç-úË-¢√úÕo)
Amogh: The winners in the match will be sent to
Mumbai to play the finals.
finals
(Ééπ\úø ÈíL-*-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ ™ ÇúËç-ü¿’èπ◊
´·ç¶„jéÀ °æç°æ¤-û√®Ω’)
Akhil: This will please my parents no end.
Thank you again for giving me this
wonderful piece of news. I am really
thrilled.
(´÷ Å´÷t-Ø√†oéâ√®ΩhûÓ N°æ-K-ûª-¢Á’i†
džçü¿ç éπ©’-í∫’-ûª’çC. Fèπ◊ ´’Sx ´’Sx
thanks, Ñ Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† Ææ´÷-î √-®√-EéÀ. Ø√èπ◊
Eïçí¬ °æ¤©-éπ-Jç-ûªí¬ ÖçC)
thrill= í∫í∫’-®Ìp-úø’°æ¤/ °æ¤©-éπ-Jçûª.
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
Ææ’F-™¸†’ ûÌ©-Tç-î√®Ω’ (á´®Ó îÁ°æpúøç
™‰ü¿’ – îÁ°æp-†-´-Ææ®Ωç ™‰ü¿’. v§ƒ´·êuç
drop Å®·-†ç-ü¿’Íé, Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ English
™ active éπ≠d¢æ Ë’. ´’Sx The selection
1) You have been selected for the 7) The winners in the match will be committee has dropped Sunil ÅØ√L, selection
college team= college team sent to Mumbai. Verb- will be committee ÅØË extra ´÷ô©’ îËJa)
†’´¤y èπ◊
áç°œéπ îËߪ’-•-ú≈f´¤. (´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– sent- be form + PP - passive 5) The match will be held this 15th. Ééπ\úø active
voice =
†’´¤y áç°œéπߪ÷u´¤/ E†’o áç°œé𠙉†õ‰x– á´®Ω’ match E®Ωy-£œ«-≤ƒh-®Ω-ØËC ûÁL-ߪ’-ü¿’-é¬-•öÀd.
î˨»®Ω’) verb- have been + selected 6) Players will be asked to report for practice
°æç°æ-•-úø-û√®Ω’– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’–
[be form + past participle (PP)]
ÈíL-*-†-¢√-∞¡x†’ ´·ç¶„jéÀ °æç°æ¤-û√®Ω’. from the 3rd. active
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ Å≤ƒüµ¿uç,
2) The team has been announced.
M.SURESAN í∫´’-Eç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆, °j English sen- Team management will ask the players to
verb- has been announced- be tences ÅFo verb passive í¬ Ö†o¢Ë.
report ..ÅE ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰ ûª°æp.
form + pp (passive voice) = Team v°æéπ-öÀç-îª- ÅN passive voice ™ Öçõ‰ØË English ™ ÆæJí¬
•-úÕçC– ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’™– Team v°æéπ-öÀç-î√®Ω’. Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hç-C-éπü∆? É™«çöÀ passive forms Spoken English èπ◊
v§ƒùç. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
3) Who else are included in the team? Verb- are 1) †’´¤y áç°œéπߪ÷u´¤– DEo passive ™ØË îÁ°æp-í∫©ç.
a) Immediate action should be taken to check
+ included (be form + PP) passive = Team ™ áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ á´®Ω’ E†’o áç°œéπî˨»®ΩØËC Ææp≠ædç-í¬- bird flu (pv) = Bird flu
ÉçÈé-´®Ω’ îË®Ωa-•-ú≈f®Ω’? ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– Team ™ ™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. Ñ ¶µ«¢√Eo active ™ îÁ°æpúøç †’ Åü¿’°æ¤ îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊
ûªéπ~ù Ωu©’ BÆæ’-éÓ-¢√L.
ÉçÈé-´Jo îË®√a®Ω’? èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’– You have been selected. b) A large number of birds have been culled =
4) Our friend Sunil has been dropped. Verb- has
2) The team has been announced. DEo active
been dropped = be form + PP- passive voice=
°ü¿l Ææçêu™ éÓ∞¡x†’ îªçÊ°-¨»®Ω’.
Sunil ûÌ©-Tç-îª-•-ú≈fúø’. ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’– voice ™ îÁ°æpôç é¬Ææh éπ≠d¢æ Ë’ éπü∆, á´®Ω’ v°æéπ-öÀç- cull = Ææçêu ûªT_ç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊/ ¢√uCµ E¢√-®Ω-ùèπ◊
☯ Ææ’F-™¸†’ ûÌ©-Tç-î√®Ω’. î√®Ω’ ÅØËC Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’ 鬕öÀd. ïçûª’-´¤-©†’, °æèπ~◊-©†’ îªç°æúøç.

EXERCISE She blossomed into a fine young girl =

°Rx-´·çü¿’/ °Rx-é¬-èπ◊çú≈ í∫®Ωs¥ç Åv°æ-A-≥ƒe-éπ®Ωç/ Å´- 4-B. Thrust = Push = (üËE™°æL-ÈéjØ√) ûÓߪ’ôç.
Match the words under A with their Åçü¿-¢Á’i† Å´÷t-®·í¬ áC-Tç-ü∆¢Á’. ´÷-†-éπ®Ωç/ Ææ´÷ïç Ç¢Á÷-Cç-îªE N≠æߪ’ç. He Thrust his hands into the pocket and
meanings under B. His business blossomed into a profitable Karna carried with him throughout his life the brought out a five hundred rupee note =
activity= ÅûªúÕ ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç ™«¶µ«© C¨¡™ áC-TçC. stigma of a casteless man =
A B ñ‰•’-™éÀ îËAE ü¿÷Ja/ §ÚE*a ã 500 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-
Their friendship blossomed into love = ûªèπ◊\´ èπ◊©ç ¢√úøØË Åv°æ-A≠æe éπ®Ω’gúø’ @N-û√çûªç ØÓô’ •ßª’-öèπ◊ B¨»úø’.
1 Blossom A Terrible dream ¢√∞¡x ÊÆo£æ«ç vÊ°´’í¬ áC-TçC. ¢Á÷ߪ÷Lq ´*açC. She thrust past the crowd and ran off =
2 Stigma B Push The trees are in blossom = îÁô’x °æ¤≠œp-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. Stigma X honour (íı®Ω´ç) Ç¢Á’ Ç ï†ç °æéπ\-†’ç* †úÕ* §ƒJ-§Ú-®·çC.
3 Junk C Pleasure to blossom (ÅGµ-´%Cl¥ îÁçü¿úøç/ °æ¤≠œpç-îªúøç) X 3-G. Junk= Waste= I thrust a hundred rupee note in the clerk's
4 Thrust D Flower to decay (†Pç-îªúøç/ éÃ~ùÀç-îªúøç) îÁûªh/ E®Ω’-°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h-´¤©’. hand and I got my certificate immediately =
5 Nightmare E Heart 2-F. Stigma= Disgrace= Ææ´ ÷ïç °æ®Ω’´¤ I want to spend the coming sunday clearing Ç í∫’´÷≤ƒh îËA™ ´çü¿ ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© note °ö«d†’.
F Disgrace ûªèπ◊\´í¬ Åv°æ-A-≠æeí¬ ¶µ«NçîË N≠æߪ’ç/ Ææ´÷ïç all the junk at home = ÅçûË. ¢ÁçôØË Ø√èπ◊ certificate ´îËa-ÆœçC.
G Waste Ç¢Á÷-Cç-îªE v°æ´-®Ωh†. Ñ ÇC-¢√®Ωç Éçöx ÖçúË °æE-éÀ-®√E ≤ƒ´÷-†x-Eoç-öÀE Thrust X withdraw (¢Á†éÀ\ ®√´úøç)
KEY: 1-D. Blossom= Flower = °æ‹´¤/ °æ‹©- Alcoholism is a stigma = §ƒÍ®-ߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o. 5-A. Nightmare = Terrible dream =
í∫’Ah. ´·êuçí¬ îÁô’d/ ¢Á·éπ\-O’ü¿ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’. û√í∫’-¶-ûªh-Ø√Eo (-´’-ü¿u -´uÆæ-Ø√-Eo) Ææ´÷ïç Bv´ He bought that chair in a junk shop= ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† éπ©/ ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ņ’-¶µº´ç.
The blossoms on the plants in the garden Åv°æA≠æeí¬/ ÅØ√-¢Á÷-ü¿-éπ-®Ωçí¬ ¶µ«N-Ææ’hçC. Åûªú≈ èπ◊KaE °æE-éÀ-®√E ≤ƒ´÷†x shop ™ éÌØ√oúø’. Waiting in the queue for Lord Venkateswara's
were very fragrant= In the Indian society a woman's remarriage is Most TV serials and Indian movies are just darsanam is a nightmare =
ûÓô-™E ¢Á·éπ\© °æ‹©’ Ææ’¢√-Ææ-†-E-î√a®·. considered a stigma= junk= ¢Áçéπ-õ‰-¨¡y-®Ω-≤ƒyN’ ü¿®Ωz-†ç-éÓÆæç èπÿu™ E©’-îÓ-´úøç ã
Blossom- ¶«xÆæ¢˛’ (Countable- singular, plural ¶µ«®Ωûª Ææ´÷-ïç™ Æ‘Y È®çúÓ Â°R} îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç °æ®Ω’´¤ TV serials, ÆœE-´÷™x î√™«-´’-ô’èπ◊ îÁûªh¢Ë. ¶µºßª’ç-éπ®Ω ņ’-¶µº´ç.
™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úÌa). ûªèπ◊\´/ îËߪ’-èπÿ-úøE °æEí¬ ¶µ«N-≤ƒh®Ω’. Junk food= ´’†ç •ßª’ô AØË Ç£æ…®Ω °æü∆-®√n©’. Travelling long distances without reservation
Mango blossom- ´÷N’-úÕ-°æ‹ûª. The stigma of AIDS/ The stigma attached to (Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ ûªßª÷-È®j, Ææ’©-¶µºçí¬ A†í∫LÍí ÅØ√-®Ó-í∫u- can be a nightmare=
Cherry blossom- îÁJ ¢Á·éπ\© °æ‹©’. AIDS makes it difficult to control it = éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† AçúÕ– •ñ«®Óx üÌJÍé N’Ja •@b©’, °æ¤†’-í∫’©’ Jï-Í®y-≠æØ˛ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ áèπ◊\´ ü¿÷®√©’ È®j™x v°æߪ÷-
Blossom Åçõ‰ °æ‹´¤ Néπ-Æ œç-îªúøç ÅE èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç. AIDS †’ í∫’Jç* ŧÚ-£æ«©÷, ÅüËüÓ Åv°æ-A-≠æe-éπ-®Ω- ™«çöÀN) ùÀç-îªúøç ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i† ņ’-¶µº´ç 鬴a.
He speaks all junk = -Å-ûª-úø’ ´÷ö«x-úËC îÁûªh. He gets nightmares almost every day =
Buds blossom in the spring season= ¢Á’i†/ Æœí∫’_-°æ-ú≈-Lq† N≠æ-ߪ’çí¬ ¶µ«Nç-îª-úøç-´©x ü∆E
´Ææçûª ®Ω’ûª’´¤™ ¢Á·í∫_©’ Néπ-Æœ-≤ƒh®·/ °æ¤≠œp-≤ƒh®·. Eߪ’ç-vûªù éπ≠d-´æ ’-´¤-ûÓçC. Junk heap = îÁûªh-í∫’-ôd. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ v°æA-®Ó-W Åûª-úÕéÀ °‘úø-éπ-©©’/ ¶µºßª’ç-éπ-®Ω-¢Á’i†
Nï-ߪ’-´ç-ûªçí¬ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ áü¿-í∫-ú≈Eo èπÿú≈ blos- Pregnancy before marriage/ without mar- Throw it on the junk heap = éπ©-™Ô-≤ƒh®·.
som Åçö«ç. riage is a stigma = ü∆Eo îÁûªh-í∫’-ôd™éÀ NÆœ-È®ß˝’.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 31 -ï-†-´-J 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Achyuth: Hi Ananth, take this.
(ÅO ¢√úø•úø’ûª’-Ø√o®· éπü∆?/ -Å-O -¢√-úø’-ûª’-
(ņçû˝, ÉC BÆæ’éÓ.) Ø√o®Ω’ éπ-ü∆! ¢√<© N≠æ-ߪ’´‚ ÅçûË. ÉCíÓ
Ananth: What's it and why give it to me? BÆæ’éÓ. †’´¤y ü∆Eo ¶«í¬ É≠æd-°æ-úø-û√´¤.)
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
(àçôC? Ø√Èéç-ü¿’-éÀ-Ææ’h-Ø√o´¤?)
Achyuth: Can't you see? It's a wrist watch and
it's my gift to you.
éÀçü¿öÀ È®çúø’ lessons †’ç< Important of pas-
sive voice í∫’Jç* discuss îËÆæ’hØ√oç éπü∆! ´’†ç
(Å®Ωnç-é¬-™‰ü∆? ÅC ¢√î˝. ÅC Ø√ 鬆’éπ í∫’®Ω’hç--éÓ-¢√-LqçC.
Fèπ◊.)
1) °æE-îË-Æ œç-üÁ-´®Ó (subject) ûÁL-Æ œ-†-°æ¤púø’ active
Ananth: What's this supposed to be for? What's
voice is always preferable and passive voice
the occasion?
is to be avoided.
(ÉC üËE-éÓÆæç? àçöÀ Ææçü¿®Ωs¥ç?)
2) Subject
Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’, ÅD sentence (îÁ°œpç-üÁ-´®Ó Ææp≠ædçí¬ îÁ°æp-™‰-†-°æ¤púø’– ´·êuçí¬ Â°j O’®Ω’ í∫´’-EçîË Öçö«®Ω’– ØË®√© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™, ØË®Ωç
Achyuth: Your watch was stolen, wasn't it? You
haven't had a watch since then. So I í¬ ÖçúË-ôx-®·ûË passive voice preferable. ÅCµ-é¬-®Ω’©÷, áèπ◊\-´-´’ç-C îÁ°œp-†-°æpúø’.)
short îËÆœç-üÁ-´®Ó Ææp≠ædçí¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-†-°æ¤púø’, passive ™ØË
thought I would gift you a watch. Passive forms, ´·êuçí¬ Spoken English ™ ¢√ú≈- h) They have been informed of it - ¢√∞¡xéà N≠æߪ’ç îÁ-•’-û√ç. ÉC English ™ °ü¿l ≤˘éπ®Ωuç.
(F ¢√î˝ üÌçT-Lç-îª-•-úÕçC éπü∆?/ F ¢√î˝ Lq-†N: ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-J-î√®/ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-J-î√®Ω’. a) He was murdered/ was found murdered.
á´®Ó üÌçT-Lç-î√®Ω’ éπü∆?Åçü¿’-éπE Fèπ◊ Be said to/ Be known to/ Be found to/ Be sup- Ñ forms ÅFo èπÿú≈ Spoken English ™ ¢√úË Å´- (îªç°æ-•úÕ Öçúøôç éπE°œç-*çC.)
posed to, etc., Ææ®Ωç ÖçC. ¶«í¬ practise îËߪ’çúÕ. b) The bank was burgled/ robbed - Bank ©÷öÃ
鬆’-éπí¬ É¢√y-©-†’-èπ◊Ø√o.)
Ananth: Thank you, but this brand of watches is I/ We (be) told/ informed, etc. Now look at the following sentences from the
îËߪ’-•-úÕçC (Bank ™ üÌçí∫-ûª†ç ïJ-TçC–
known to be very expensive, so I can't Oô-Eoç-öÀéÀ ´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’: conversation between Achyuth and Ananth.
accept it.
´÷´‚©’ ûÁ©’í∫’.)
a) He is said to know all 1) What's this sup-
c) Jewellry worth lakhs was stolen = ©éπ~© ®Ω÷§ƒ-
(ü∑∆uçé˙q. Å®·ûË -É™«çöÀ ¢√<©’ î√™« êK- about it = ¢√úÕéÀ ü∆E posed to be for? =
üÁj-†-Ní¬ Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. Åçü¿’-éπE ؈’ N≠æߪ’ç Åç-û√ ûÁ©’- ÉC üËE-éπE ņ’-éÓ†’? ߪ’© N©’´ îËÊÆ †í∫©’ üÌçTLç-ú≈f®· (üÌçí∫-
- Ç çí∫ x - ¶ µ « - ≠ æ - ù 2) Your watch was
ûª†ç î˨»®Ω’). Å™«Íí, v°æ´÷-ü∆-©èπ◊ èπÿú≈ passive.
415
BÆæ’éÓ-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.) ÆæE Åçô’-Ø√o®Ω’.
Achyuth: Look here. This is just nothing when I stolen d) He was injured in an accident = -Å-ûª-úø’ v°æ´÷-
think of how much you've ü¿ç™ í¬ßª’-°æ-ú≈fúø’.
helped me. This was e) He was taken to hospital (pas-
awarded to me in some
contest, and I have two
other watches. It's been
idle for some time.
What's this supposed to be for? sive)
É™«ç-öÀ-´Fo passive ™ØË îÁ•’û√ç.
Practise îËߪ’çúÕ.
3) This brand of watches is
(îª÷úø’. †’´¤y Ø√èπ◊ îËÆœ† Ææ£æ…- 3) This brand of watches is known to
b) They are known to be great play- known to be very expensive
ߪ’çûÓ §ÚLÊÆh ÉüË-´’ç-ûª-é¬ü¿’. àüÓ §ÚöÙ be very expensive = Ñ brand
ers = = brand watches
watches
ÉC Ø√éÀ-´y-•-úÕçC/ Ø√éÌ-*açC. Ø√éÀçé¬ ¢√∞¡Ÿx íÌ°æp véÃú≈-é¬-®Ω’-©E Åçü¿-Jéà î√™« êK-ü¿-®·-†-´E ņ’-èπ◊ç- Ñ êK-üÁj-†-´E Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’.
È®çúø’ ¢√<©’ ÖØ√o®·. ÉC Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ûÁ©’Ææ’. ö«®Ω’. 4) This was awarded to me.
This fact is known to all = Ñ Eïç
4) This was awarded to me.
™‰èπ◊çú≈ ÖçC. Åçü¿’-éπE FéÀ-Ææ’hØ√o.) •£æ›-´’-ûª’©’/ °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\-®√©’ ™«çöÀN áèπ◊\´
Ananth: I feel a watch is not a necessity. It's Åçü¿-Jéà ûÁ©’Ææ’. (every one knows it). 5) It is worn more as an ornament passive ™ îÁ•’û√ç.
worn more as an ornament rather than c) The little girl was found crying for a) Sachin was awarded the man of the match
rather than as a utility.
as a utility. her lost chain = M.SURESAN
§ÚíÌ-ô’d-èπ◊†o íÌ-©’Ææ’ 6) Are n't cell phones widely used? prize.
(
b) He was rewarded for his courage =
¢√-î˝ ÅØËC Å´-Ææ®Ωç é¬ü¿E Ø√ ¶µ«´†. Ö°æ- éÓÆæç àúø’Ææ÷h éπ-E°œç-*çü∆ *†o-°œ©x. In all the sentences above, the verbs are all Åûª-úÕ ≤ƒ£æ«-
ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË ´Ææ’h-´¤í¬ éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ áèπ◊\-´í¬ d) Tendulkar is supposed to be the best bats- be forms + pps and so are in the passive voice. ≤ƒ-EéÀ Åûª-úÕéÀ •£æ›-´’A ´*açC.
ü∆Eo Ƕµº-®Ω-ùçí¬ üµ¿J-≤ƒh®Ω’.) man in the world = õ„çúø’-©\-®˝†’ v°æ°æç-îªç™ ÅN ÅFo èπÿú≈ passive
™ Öç-úø-ö«-EéÀ 鬮Ωùç, 5) It is worn more as an ornament rather than
utility = Eûªu-@-N-ûªç™ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË ´Ææ’h´¤ Åûª’u-ûªh´’ -¶«u-ö¸q-¢Á’-Ø˛í¬ Å†’èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. ™ active
¢√öÀ Ææsubject
p≠æ dç í¬ ûÁL-ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç ´™‰x, as a utility
Achyuth: Aren't cell phones widely used? Are be supposed to èπ◊ must Å-ØË (îËߪ÷L/ îËߪ’-
äéπ\ 1st sentence
™ ûª° æp. (What's this sup- = Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æúË ´Ææ’h-´¤í¬ éπçõ‰ èπÿú≈ Ƕµº-®Ωùçí¬
they necessary?
èπÿ-úøü¿’ – ¨»ÆœçîË Nüµ¿çí¬ ´îËa) Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈ ÖçC. posed to be for?)
Å®·Ø√ ÉC conversation ™ üµ ¿J-≤ƒh®Ω’.
(ÂÆ™¸-§∂ÚØ˛q NJ-Ní¬ ¢√úø-•-úø¢√? (¢√úø®√?) e) You are supposed to pay the fees by the 15th î√™« ûª®Ωîª’í¬ NE°œ-Ææ’hçC. ¢√úøçúÕ O’®Ω’ èπÿú≈.
ÅN Å´-Ææ-®Ω´÷?) = 15 éπ™«x †’´¤y °∂‘V éπö«dL.
ÉC î√™«- ´’çC îËÊÆ °æE 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ passive.
A: Come, take this money? (ÉCíÓ Ñ úø•’s
Ananth: They aren't, for all people. 6) Aren't cell phones widely used? =
f) What am I supposed to do now? = ØËØËç BÆæ’éÓ.)
(Åçü¿-Jéà é¬ü¿’.) Cell phones ¶«í¬ ¢√úø-ôç-™‰ü∆ (v°æï©’)?
îËߪ÷-L-°æ¤púø’? (àç îËߪ’-´’ç-ö«®Ω’?) B: What's this supposed to be for? (üËE-éπ-†’-éÓ-´’ç-
Achyuth: But aren't they used? So is it with °j† îÁ°œp† Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´÷vûª¢Ë’ passive Ææ£æ«ïçí¬
watches. Come now. Do take it. You'll
ÉC èπÿú≈ îª÷úøçúÕ. ö«´¤?)
g) We are told to wait here = ´’´’tLo Ééπ\úø ¢Ë* 2) Your watch was stolen =
Öçô’ç- ü¿E í∫’®Ω’hç--èπ◊çü∆ç.
love it.
Öçúø-´’-Ø√o®Ω’. F watch üÌçT-Lç-îª-•-úÕçC/ üÌçT-Lç-î√-È®-´®Ó.

EXERCISE
blame for it = ؈’ ü∆EéÀ Eçü¿-°æ-úøû√/ ؈’ X Aloof = ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Öçúøôç/ éπ©-´-èπ◊çú≈ Öçúøôç. ¢√®√h°ævA-éπ©’ v°æ-Jç-îª-éπ-´·çüË, àüÁjØ√ ¢√®√h°ævAéπ
Match the words under A with their ü∆EéÀ ¶«üµ¿uûª -´£œ«≤ƒh. Blame X Praise/ For sometime they have been aloof from each v°æ-JçîË éπü∑¿†ç/ Ææçîª-©-Ø√-ûªtéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’.
meanings under B. Commend = §Òí∫-úøôç/ ¢Á’a-éÓ-´úøç. other = éÌçûª-鬩çí¬ ¢√∞¡Ÿx äéπJéÌéπ®Ω’ ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Scoop X Cover.
A B 2-A. Unlikely = Improbable = ÅÆæç-¶µº´ç. ÖØ√o®Ω’. 5-D. Motivate = Inspire = vÊ°Í®-°œç-îªúøç/ vÊ°Í®-°æù
1 Blame A Improbable probable = Ææ綵ºNçîË/ ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç Ö†o. Intimate (verb) Åçõ‰ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç ÅØË Å®Ωnç éπL-Tç-îªúøç (≤ƒ´÷†uçí¬ ´’ç*-¢√-öÀéÀ) °æ¤J-íÌ-©púøç.
2 Unlikely B Ladle a) India is unlikely to win = ¶µ«®Ωû˝ ÈíLîË Å´-鬨¡ç ÖçC. Kumble is a good captain who can motivate his
3 lntimate C Complain ™‰ü¿’. b) He is unlikely to go = ¢√úø’ ¢Á∞Ï} Å´- He has intimated to me his decision to start a team = cap-
ûª† ïô’d†’ vÊ°Í®-°œçîË/ °æ¤J-íÌ™‰p ´’ç*
4 Scoop D Inspire 鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’/ ¢Á∞¡x-éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. c) ''Will there be an business = ¢√u§ƒ®Ωç v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-î√-©†o ûª† E®Ωg- tain Only self interest motivates most
èπ◊綉x.
5 Motivate E Close election soon?'' (ûªy®Ω™  áEo-éπ-™‰-¢Á’i-Ø√ Öç-ö«- I
ߪ÷Eo Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’-°æ-J-î√úø’ (îÁ§ƒpúø’). politicians - ≤ƒy®Ωn*çûªØË ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ’- Ø√-ߪ’èπ◊-©†’ vÊ°Í®-
F Expel ߪ÷?) ''Quite unlikely'' (™‰†õ‰x/ Å´-鬨¡ç ™‰ü¿’). don't have any intimation about it from him = °œ-Ææ’hçC. (¢√∞Ï}ç îËÆœØ√ ≤ƒy®Ωn*çûª† ü∆E ¢Á†’éπ
G Include Unlikely X Likely (Ææ綵º´ç/ ï®Ω-í∫-´îª’a) í∫´’-Eç- ü∆Eo í∫’Jç* ÅûªúÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* Ø√Íéç Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Öçô’çC.) Better salaries and working condi-
îªçúÕ. Like (É≠æd-°æ-úøôç/ §ÚLéπ Öçúøôç) èπÿ, ™‰ü¿’.Intimate (ûÁLߪ’-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç)X Conceal (ü∆îªúøç) tions motivates employees = ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† @û√©’,
KEY
likely, unlikely ©èπÿ à Ææç•ç-üµ¿´‚ ™‰ü¿’. 4-B. Scoop = Ladle = -ûÓ-úøôç/ üËØÁj oØ√ spoon, ¢Á’®Ω’-Èíj† °æE °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©÷ ÖüÓu-í∫’-©†’ vÊ°Í®-°œçîª/
1-C. Blame = Complain =
(Find fault with)
EçCç-îªúøç/ ûª°æ¤p-°æ-ôdúøç
Ç®Ó-°œç-îªúøç/
3-E. lntimate = Close = ÆæEo£œ«-ûª-¢Á’i†, ´·êuçí¬ í∫Jõ„ (Ladle) ™«çöÀ ü∆çûÓ ûÓúÕ Â°jéÀ Bߪ’úøç. He v§Úûªq-£œ«ç-îª -í∫-©´¤. Motivate X Deter (Ç°æúøç)
scooped up, the tender coconut from the shell F-Expel = •£œ«-≠æ \-Jç-îªúøç. a) The principal
a) I don't blame any body for my failures =
ÊÆo£æ…-EéÃ, ´uéÀh-í∫ûª Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©èπÿ Ñ ´÷ô ¢√úøû√ç.
expelled the students from the college =
Ø√ - after pouring the water in a glass
Duryodhana, Sakuni and Karna were very inti-
b) Don't
(Ç éÌ•sJ
Principal, college
¢Áj°∂æ-™«u-©èπ◊ ØËØÁ´JF EçCç-îªúøç ™‰ü¿’.
mate = Ç Nü∆u-®Ω’n-©†’ †’ç* •£œ«-≠æ \-Jç-
blame me later. I have warned you enough.
ü¿’®Óu-üµ¿-†’úø’, éπ®Ω’gúø’, ¨¡èπ◊E î√™« ÆæEo-£œ«- F∞¡x†’ í¬xÆˇ™ §ÚÆœ† ûª®√yûª *°æp-™E ™‰ûª éÌ•sJE
Intimate friends -
ûª’©’. î√™« v§ƒù-ÊÆo-£œ«-ûª’©’. ûÓúÕ B¨»úø’.) ´’†ç Å°æ¤p-úø-°æ¤púø’ Ice cream î√®Ω’. (Dismissed). b) Two men suspected to
have terrorist connections have been expelled
E†’o î√L-†çûª £«îªa-Jç-î√†’. ûª®√yûª †ØËo-´’-†èπ◊ scoops îª÷≤ƒhç éπü∆. Spoon ûÓ ûÓúÕ B≤ƒh®Ω’ 鬕öÀd
†’´¤y. c) He always blames it on others = Çú≈, ´’í¬ Åvéπ´’ Ææç•ç-üµ∆-EéÀ èπÿú≈ intimate
Åçö«®Ω’. Varma and Geetha were supposed to scoop Åçö«ç. 2) Scoop èπ◊ -ÉçéÓ -Å®Ωnç -ûÓ-úÕ-BÊÆ from the country. Terrorists ûÓ Ææç•çüµ¿ç Ö†o
Åûª-úÁ-°æ¤púø÷ Éûª®Ω’©†’ ûª°æ¤p-°æ-úø-û√úø’. (ûª†™ í∫-J-õ„/ spoon. 3) Scoop Åçõ‰ ÉçéÓ Å®Ωnç–
ûª°æ¤pç--èπ◊E), Blame Åçõ‰ EçCç-îªúøç ÅØË have intimate relationship = -´®Ωtèπ◊, -U-ûªèπ◊ î√™« Éü¿l®Ω’ ´uèπ◊h-©-†’ ü˨¡ç -†’ç-* -•£œ«-≠æ \-Jç-î√-®Ω’.
ÆæEo-£œ«ûª Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©’çúË´E ņ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’. Intimate Journalism (¢√®√h°ævA-éπ-©) èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*çC. Éûª®Ω G - Include = Add = îË®Ωaúøç.
é¬èπ◊çú≈, Eçü¿ ÅØË Å®Ωnç èπÿú≈. I will take a

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