-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 2 -úÕÂÆç•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

T. Sunil, Cheriyal. How long is it since you came?

-


Ééπ\-úø’†o †®Ωh-èπ◊™x
Q. Study, read OöÀE àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ØËØÌ*a áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·uçC? Ç¢Á’ äéπ®Ω’.
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. How long is it since I came?
A. Read Åçõ‰ ´÷´‚-©’í¬ îªü¿-´úøç –
ØËØÌ*a ÉçûªÊÆ°æ-®·Ø√ O’®Ω’ °æöÀdç--éÓ-™‰ü¿’. M.Laxman,
Newspapers, Novels ™«çöÀN – It is long since I came and you have taken Kakinada.
We read Newspapers, novels, etc. no notice of me . Q. Ø√èπ◊ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ éÌEo
Study Åçõ‰ ¶«í¬ °æJ-Q-Lç*, v°æA N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo Q. I am done I have done
èπ◊, èπ◊, He is goneèπ◊, °æü∆-©†’ ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-
Å®Ωnç-îË-Ææ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ v°æߪ’-AoÆæ÷h îªü¿-´úøç. He has gone èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈-©†’ N¨¡-D-éπ-Jç-îªçúÕ. Tç-î √™ ûÁL-ߪ’-úøç-
a) Students study their text books, notes, A. I am done = ؈’ °æE-°æ‹-Jh-îË-¨»†’/ Ø√ °æE ™‰ü¿’. ÅN: by, tend their children = ûª©’x©’ °œ©x-©†’ vÊ°´’ûÓ
etc. °æ‹®Ωh-®·uçC. though, suppose, regard, tend, asto, apart, îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’.
by means of, apart from, somehow, as of,
b) He is studying maths now, and wants to I have done = ؈’ î˨»†’. ÉC sentence
As to = 1) With regard to = Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™
study physics later - even as, even then, even since, for all, and
É°æ¤púøûª†’ í∫ùÀûªç îªü¿’- é¬ü¿’. I have done - ؈’ î˨»†’, üËEE ÅØËC 2) I do not know as to why he did it = Å™«
Physics out of.
´¤-ûª’-Ø√oúø’, ûª®√yûª îªü¿’-´¤-û√úø’. ûÁLߪ’-úøç-™‰ü¿’ 鬕öÀd ÉC sentence é¬ü¿’. Ñ °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ èπÿú≈ îÁ°æp- áçü¿’èπ◊ î˨»úÓ Ø√èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’ü¿’. Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø
äéπ class îªü¿-´úøç èπÿú≈ study. He is gone = Åûª†’ ¢ÁRx-§Ú-ߪ÷úø’ = He has
í∫-©®Ω’. as to ¢√úøéπç ņ-´-Ææ®Ω §ƒçúÕûªuç, ´C-™‰-ߪ’úøç
A. By – 1) passive ™ object ´·çü¿’ by ¢√úøû√ç
Q. The police has arrested a theif. gone. Å®·ûË He is gone ņo-°æ¤púø’, 'Åûª-úø’—èπ◊ ´’ç*C.
The police have arrested a thief. v§ƒ´·êuç. He has gone ™ '¢Á∞«x-úø’—èπ◊ – äéπ-J-îËûª ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ.
Apart = 1) separately - keep the two apart
v§ƒ´·êuç. eg: She was murdered by her husband = Ç È®çúÕç-öÀF/ ¢√Rx-ü¿lKo ¢Ë®Ω’í¬ Öç.
Ñ È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Q. He was going to schoolèπ◊, He used to go to (¶µº®Ωh îËûª îªç°æ-•-úÕçC). Apart from = Apart from being rich,
A. The police have arrested, correct.
ÅçûË-é¬-èπ◊çú≈,
he is well read (too) =
Police plural.
á°æ¤púø÷

He seems to be happy
Police èπ◊singular
üµ¿E-èπ◊úË é¬èπ◊çú≈ Åûªúø’
number, A police
¶«í¬ îªC-N-†-¢√úø’ èπÿú≈.

By means of =
man/ A police person
(´’£œ«∞« §ÚMÆˇ Å®·ûË) Ç °æü¿l¥A ´©x, -
Q. The news are wrong.
Åç-ü¿’-´‚-©çí¬
By means of his connections with those in
The news is wrong. 2) È®çúÕçöÀéÀ Ö†o ûËú≈ à ¢Ë’-®Ωèπ◊
school èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ? high positions he can get anything done =
Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
A. News singular
´·êuçí¬ Øˆ’ Past continu- -Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 526 ÅE ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, 'by' °ü¿l °ü¿l ¢√∞¡xûÓ ûª†-èπ◊†o Ææç•ç-üµ∆-©-´©x Åûªúø’
á°æ¤púø÷ í¬ØË ¢√úøû√ç – DEéÀ ous tense èπ◊, used to èπ◊ con- ¢√úø û√ç. à°æØÁjØ√ îË®·ç--éÓ-í∫-©úø’.
plural a/ an
Öçúøü¿’, DE ´·çü¿’ ®√ü¿’. Åçü¿’- fuse Å´¤-ûª’-Ø√o†’. àçîË-ߪ÷™ a) He is taller than her by 5 cms -
Somehow = áçü¿’-éπØÓ Some how I am not
éπE The news is wrong - correct. îÁ°æpçúÕ. Ç¢Á’ éπçõ‰ Åûªúø’, 5 ÂÆç.O’. §Òúø’í∫’. able to believe him = áçü¿’-éπØÓ ÅûªúÕ-E ؈’
Q. ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬-úÕE Ççí∫xç™ cheater ÅØ√™«? ™‰ü∆ A. Past continuous èπ◊, used to èπ◊ b) The price has been raised by ten †´’t-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’Ø√o.
cheat ÅØ√™«? ÅÆæ©’ Ææç•ç-üµ¿¢Ë’ ™‰†-°æ¤púø’, O’®Ω’ con- rupees = üµ¿®Ω 10 ®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’-©-ü∆é¬ Somehow or the other = ᙫ-íÓ-ä-éπ™«
A. Cheater °æü¿ç English ™ ™‰ü¿’. Cheat = fuse 鬢√-Lq† Å´-Ææ-®Ωç-™‰ü¿’. °çî√®Ω’. Somehow or the other I should find him
1) ¢Á÷Ææç îËߪ’úøç 2) ¢Á÷Ææ-í¬úø’. Past continuous í∫ûªç™ äéπ EKgûª 3) Time N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ äéπ time èπ◊/Åçûª-èπ◊- today, tell him of it = ᙫíÓ äéπ-™«í∫’/ ᙫ-
Q. English™ äéπ °æü¿ç noun †’ç*, verb †’ç*, Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ï®Ω’-í∫’ûª÷ Ö†o °æEE ûÁ©’- ´·çüË . ÈíjØ√ ÅûªúÕE -Ñ®Ó-V °æô’d-èπ◊E, ÅûªúÕéÀ Ñ
adjective †’ç* adverb í¬ Öçö«®·. ÉN °æ¤-ûª’çC. Used to 1st RDW á°æ¤púø÷ M.SURESAN eg: a) He will be here by 6 O' clock N≠æߪ’ç îÁ§ƒpL.
Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-©ûÓ N´-®Ωçí¬ Ö†o °æ¤Ææh-é¬Eo Ææ÷*ç-îª- í∫ûªç™ ¢√úø’-éπí¬ ïJÍí °æEE í∫’Jç* îÁ•’-ûª’çC. = Åûªúø’ Ç®Ω’ í∫çô-©-éπ™«x (6 í∫çô-©èπ◊/ Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’
As of = äéπ Æ洒ߪ’ç †’ç* v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i, é̆-
í∫-©®Ω’? He was going to school = Åûª-†-°æ¤púø’ school – Ç®Ω’ ü∆ô-èπ◊çú≈) ≤ƒÍí – As of today, tea will no more be
A. Å™« ûÁ© ’-Ææ ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Oxford Advanced served free to employees = Ñ ®ÓV †’ç*
èπ◊ ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-Ø√oúø’. (Past™ äéπ EKgûª Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™). b) By then the damage was done - Å°æp-öÀÍé †≠ædç
Dictionary of Current English, Å™«çöÀ Éûª®Ω He used to go to school = Åûªúø’ schoolèπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx- ïJ-T-§Ú-®·çC. Æœ•sç-CéÀ tea Ö*-ûªçí¬ É´y-•-úøü¿’.
standard dictionaries ¶«í¬ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø-û√®·.
Even as = äéπöÀ ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË
¢√úø’, v°æA-®ÓW/ v°æA-¢√®Ωç/ v°æA ¨¡E-¢√®Ωç, etc.
Though = Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéà Even as I was telling him not to smoke, he
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ ®√ߪ ÷™ Q. Past continuous tense†’ àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x Ö°æ- Though it was difficult, he was willing to do
lit a cigarette = smoke
it = ÅC éπ≠dç
ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. æ Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Åûªúø’ ü∆Eo îËßÁ·-ü¿lE îÁ•’-ûª’ç-úø-í¬ØË
cigarette
ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ó N´JÆæ÷h éÌEo Öü∆-£æ«-®Ω-ù-L-´y-í∫-©®Ω’.

Ææ´·vü¿ç ¢Á·ûªhç ÉçTx≠ˇ ņ’-èπ◊çõ‰, Åçü¿’™ A. was + ...ing/ were + .... ing = ÉC verb form îË ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊ ä°æ¤p-è π◊-Ø√oúø’. / îÁ•’ûª÷ØË ÖØ√o†’, Åûªúø’

Suppose = if = Å®·ûË/ Ç °æéπ~ç™.
´·öÀdç-î√úø’.
éπFÆæç FöÀ Gçü¿’´¤ Åçûª-èπÿú≈ Ø√èπ◊ ®√ü¿’. in the past continuous.
If English were an ocean, my knowledge
Even then = Å°æp-öÀéÃ/ Å®·Ø√ / Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ
I was walking down the street when it start- Suppose you win a crore rupees in a lottery
wouldn't be even be a drop in it. I gave him all that he wanted. Even then he
ed raining = road what will you do? †’´¤y ™«ô-K™ éÓöÀ ®Ω÷§ƒ-
´®Ω{ç ´Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ ؈’ °j was not satisfied =


Åûª-úø’ 鬢√-©-†o-ü¿™«x
´’†èπ◊ °æJ-Æœn-ûª’©’ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ Öçúø´¤. ´’†¢Ë’ (Road
¢Á∞¡Ÿh-Ø√o†’. °j ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’†o Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ´®Ω{ç ߪ’©’ ÈíL-î√-´-†’éÓ/ ÈíLÊÆh, †’¢Ëyç îË≤ƒh´¤?
°æJ-Æœn-ûª’-©èπ◊ ņ’-í∫’-ùçí¬ Öçú≈L/ ´÷®√L. É™«çöÀ îÓôx suppose •ü¿’©’ if ¢√úø-´îª’a. Éî√a†’, Å®·-†°æpöà Åûªúø’ ûª%°œh-°æ-úø-™‰ü¿’.

Even Since - Ñ ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’, ÅCEver since =
°æúø’ûª÷ ÖçC).
Not always do circumstances favour us. I used to go to movies often those days =
Regard = 1) íı®Ω´ç - Have/ Show. great/
We should change according to circum- some/ little regard for somebody = á´-J°j
Å°æp-öÀ-†’ç*
Ç ®ÓV™x ؈’ ûª®Ωîª÷ Æœ-E´÷©èπ◊ ¢Á∞Ïx¢√úÕE. Ever since he came here, he has been trou-
stance. (Repeated action in the past). †®·Ø√ íÌ°æp/ éÌClí¬/ ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰èπ◊çú≈ (little) bling every one =


Åûª-úÕ-éπ\-úÕéÀ ´*a-†-°æpöÀ †’ç*
Q.
Ø√èπ◊ ´*a† éπ©™ O’®Ω’ àüÓ Ææ´’-ÆæuûÓ Øˆ’ ¢Á∞«xL. Ééπ ؈’ Öçö«†’. ÅE ÂÆ©´¤ BÆæ’- íı®Ω´ç îª÷°æúøç.
2) My regards to so and so = °∂晫-Ø√-¢√-JéÀ Ø√
v°æA-¢√-∞¡x†’ É•sçC °úø’-ûª’-Ø√oúø’.
¶«üµ¿-°æ-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o-®Ωô. èπ◊-ØË-ô-°æ¤púø’ I must be going. Bye Bye Åçô’-
For all = Åçü¿-JéÃ, ÅEoç-öÀéà – DEÍéç v°æûËuéπ
I dreamt that some problem was troubling Ø√o®Ω’. I must go ņ-´î√a? ™‰ü∆ I must go èπ◊, ÅGµ-¢√-ü∆©’. (´’†ç Öûªh-®√™x 'ÅúÕ-í¬-†E—
you/ My dream showed you having some
Å®Ωnç-™‰ü¿’. once for all/ once and
I must be going èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈†’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’çúÕ.
îÁ°æpçúÕ á™«íÓ -Ç -N-üµ¿çí¬).
for all = *´-J-≤ƒ-Jí¬ Let's settle it once for
problem. 3) äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀç-îªúøç – I regard (con-
A. I must go ÅØÌa. é¬F I must be going ÅØËC all = DE N≠æߪ’ç àN’ö *´-Jí¬ ûË™‰aü∆lç.
Q. Please give me good advise to learn English sider) Sachin is the greatest batsman in
áèπ◊\´ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ÖçC.
Out of = äéπ-ü∆-ØÓxç* /™
in easy ways. the world = Ææ*-Ø˛†’ v°æ°æç-îªç-™ØË ÅA-íÌ°æp
Q. Improbable condition èπ◊,Impossible condi- Out of the 30 students in the class, 20
batsman
A. The best way to learn English is to start tion èπ◊ Ö†o ûËú≈ àN’öÀ?
í¬ °æJ-í∫-ùÀ-≤ƒh†’. Å®·ûË í∫’®Ω’hç-- passed = class 30™E Nü∆u-®Ω’n™x 20 ´’çC
speaking it immediately, and read as much
éÓçúÕ. pass
A. Improbable condition Åçõ‰ ÉC ïJÍí Å´-鬨¡ç Åߪ÷u®Ω’.
English as you can. Read the English news- Regard ûª®√yûª as ´Ææ’hçC, consider ûª®√yûª
™‰ü¿’. ï®Ω-í∫úøç Åçô÷ Å®·ûË ü∆E °∂æLûªç É™« as Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀéÀ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
paper regularly.
®√ü¿’.
Öçô’çC ÅE. In this/ that regard = Ñ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™/ Ç N≠æ-
That man seems tired.
G. Srinivas Rao, Email. Impossible condition Åçõ‰
As regards/ In regard to/ with regard
Å≤ƒ-üµ¿u-´’E. ߪ’ç™ Åûªúø’ Å©-Æ œ-§Ú-®·-†ô’x éπE-°œ-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’/
Q. I will not let him see the movie.
´·êuçí¬ í∫ûªç™ ïJ-T-†-ü∆Eo, ï®Ω-í∫-éπ-§Ú-ߪ·çõ‰, to something/ somebody = ü∆E/ ¢√∞¡x Å©-Æœ-§Ú-®·-†-ô’x-Ø√oúø’

He seems to be happy.
ï®Ω-í∫-EC, ïJ-í∫’çõ‰ ᙫ ÖçúËC ÅE Ü£œ«ç--èπ◊ØË
As well as I will not take him to the movie.
N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh.
In/ with regard to naxalism ... =
°æJ-ÆœnA.
Ñ ¢√é¬u™x him ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª to áçü¿’èπ◊ ¢√-úø Q. Adjectives, Adverbs èπ◊ îÁçC† comparative N≠æ-ߪ÷-E-éÌÊÆh...
†éπq-Lïç Åûª†’ ÆæçûÓ-≠æçí¬ Ö†o-ô’x-Ø√oúø’/ Ö†oô’x
forms †’ than v°æßÁ÷í∫ç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ àßË’ Ææçü¿-
éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’.


èπÿ-úøüÓ îÁ°æp-í∫-©®Ω’.
Tend = 1) üµÓ®ΩùÀ îª÷°æúøç/ äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ îËÊÆ
My fear is that he will fail.
A. 'I will not let him see the movie' is correct. ®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T-≤ƒh®Ω’?
'Let' in sentences like the above is never fol- A. ´·êuçí¬ È®çúÕç-öÀE/ Éü¿l-JE ´÷vûª¢Ë’ §ÚLa-†-
ûªûªyç éπLT Öçúøôç. Åûªúø’ fail Å´¤-û√-úË-¢Á÷-†E Ø√ ÆæçüË£æ«ç/ ¶µºßª’ç.
We tend to postpone things = ´’†ç á°æ¤púø÷
lowed by the infinitive. °æ¤púø’, éÀçü¿ ûÁL-°œ† °æJ-Æœn-ûª’™x than ®√ü¿’.
He got the house repaired.
¢√®·-ü∆-¢ËÊÆ ûªûªyç éπLT Öçö«ç/ üµÓ®ΩùÀ éπ†-
eg: 1) He is the taller of the two. °æ-®Ω’≤ƒhç. He tends to show off sometimes = .
É©’x ´’®Ω-´’tûª’h îË®·ç-î√úø’
T. Satyanarayana, Vempadu.
(¢√Rx-ü¿l®Óx Åûª-ØÁ-èπ◊\´ §Òúø’í∫’.) éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x Åûªúø’ áa-©èπ◊ §ÚßË’ üµÓ®ΩùÀ
He found him sleeping.
Q. éÀçC-¢√-öÀE ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’-í∫-©®Ω’.
2) She is among the better dancers here îª÷°œ-≤ƒhúø’. Åûªúø’ Evü¿-§Ú-ûª’-†o-°æ¤púø’/ §Úûª’ç-úøôç îª÷¨»úø’.

O’®Ω’ ´*a áçûª-ÊÆ-°æ-®·uçC? vÊ°´÷-Gµ-´÷-Ø√©’, ÅÊ°éπ~ éπLT Öçúøôç Mothers
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 4 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008
KSR, Martur.
Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ N´-Jç-îª-
í∫-©®Ω’.
°œ©x©÷ ØËE-°æ¤púø’ ®√≠æZ í∫´-®Ωo®˝í¬
Nüµ¿’©’, ¶«üµ¿u-ûª©’ -îË°æ-ôd-¶-ûª’-Ø√o†’.
Nüµ¿’©’ àN’-ôçõ‰ –
A. Dear Children, I am about to assume office
as Governor of the state. My duties and
responsibilities are...

Å®·ûË, American usage, bank °æJ-¶µ«-≠æ™
Nïc-°æ¤h©’ Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªúøç – Nî√®Ωç ¢ÁL-•’-îªaúøç.
Accept representations/ Memoranda,
Express regrets.

´çü¿†ç Æ‘yéπ-Jç-îªúøç – Ö°æ-†u-Æœç-îªúøç.
Accept salutes - Make speeches.

ÅA-ü∑¿’-©èπ◊ ≤ƒyí∫ç °æ©-éπúøç – Ææûª\-Jç-îªúøç.
Welcoming and extending hospitality to vis-
itors - honour people.

v¨¡ü∆l¥ç-ïL °∂æ’öÀç-îªúøç –
Caste pr ovides the mind block
Ææçû√°æç ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’úøç.
Paying homage -
express condo-
lences.

Bv´ Nv¶µ«ç-AE, NÆæt-
ߪ÷Eo ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç.
Expressing deep shock and surprize.

Ææçv¶µº-´÷-¨¡a-®√u©’ – Ææçûª%-°œhE ´uéπh-°æ-®Ω-îªúøç.
Expressing surprize and
expressing satisfaction.


Mind block =
éÃJhç-îªúøç – éπ%ûª-ïc-ûª©’ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’úøç.
Appreciating and expressing gratitude.

ÅGµ-†ç-Cç-îªúøç – ÇLç-í∫†ç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç.
Congratulating and embracing.

among many for mingling with
¨»x°∂œ’ç-îªúøç – ≤ƒ†’-¶µº÷A ûÁ©-°æúøç.
Praising and sympathising

Nçü¿’©’ NØÓ-ü∆-©èπ◊ £æ…ï-®Ω-´úøç – èπ◊¨¡© v°æ¨¡o©’
Åúø-í∫úøç.
Participating in dinners and banquets, and
indulge in small talk.

êçúÕç-îªúøç – éπ©-´-®Ω-§ƒ-ô’èπ◊ í∫’®Ω-´úøç.
Condemning and being upset

Q. Åûª-úÕéÀ äéπ 鬮Ω’ ÖçC. DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  he has a
í∫J|ç-îªúøç – í¬È®f-Ø˛™ Ææçîª-Jç-îªúøç.
Denouncing and moving about in the
garden.
K. Satyanarayana, Narsipatnam.
Q. Delhi ™ h áçü¿’èπ◊? Delli áçü¿’èπ◊ é¬èπÿ-úøü¿’?
A. ¢Á·ü¿-öÀ-†’ç* English ™ Å™«Íí spell îËÆæ’hç-
úøôç ´©x ÅC Å™«Íí Æœn®Ω-°æ-úÕ-§Ú-®·çC.
Q. Enjoy ûª®√yûª yourself ´Ææ’hçü¿-E áéπ\úÓ îªC-
¢√†’. é¬F Å™« ®√E Ææçü¿-®√s¥-©†’ î√-™« í∫´’-Eç-
î√†’. àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ´Ææ’hçüÓ, á°æ¤púø’ ®√üÓ
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Enjoy ûª®√yûª – self ÅEo îÓö«x-®√ü¿’.
enjoy éÀ object Öçõ‰ – self/ selves Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
object Öçü∆ ™‰ü∆ ÅE ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, enjoy
what? ÅE question ¢ËÊÆh answer ´ÊÆh ü∆EéÀ
object Ö†oô’x. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ – Self/ selves
Åéπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’.
We enjoyed the dinner- Ééπ\úø enjoyed what
Åçõ‰, enjoyed the dinner ÅE answer
´Ææ’hçC. 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø we enjoyed ourselves
ņç.
We enjoyed during the vacation (ÂÆ©-´¤™ x
¢Ë’ç ÆæçûÓ-≠æç ņ’-¶µº-Nçî√ç) Ééπ\úø we enjoyed
what during the vacation. ÂÆ©´¤™ x üËEo
enjoy î˨»ç? Åçõ‰ ï¢√•’ ®√ü¿’. Ééπ\úø our-
selves éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ¢√úøû√ç.
We enjoyed ourselves during the vacation.
Éçé¬ îª÷úøçúÕ.
a) He enjoys music
b) He enjoys himself when his father is
away
c) We are leaving for Kashmir tomorrow. we
are going to enjoy ourselves in Kashmir.
d) We are going to enjoy our stay in
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2
Kashmir. lowship, pull out.
Q. 2008 †’2000 and 8 ÅE -Åç-ö«È®çü¿’èπ◊?Å™«Íí A.
Incorporate äéπ
100 and 3, 104
103 †’ †’ 100 and 4, 105 †’ °ü¿l-ü∆-E™ éÌEo *†o-
100and 5 ÅE °æ©’-èπ◊-û√-È®ç-ü¿’èπ◊? ¢√-öÀE ¶µ«í¬-©’í¬
A. English ™ äéπ ñ«Gû√ (list) ™E *´J Å稡ç îË®Ωaúøç.
´·çü¿’ 'and' ûª°æpéπ ®√¢√L. Åçü¿’-´©x 2008 ™, We have incorpo-
8 *´J ´÷ô/ Ææçêu 鬕öÀd, ü∆E-´·çü¿’, and rated the ideas of
®√¢√L. Å™«Íí 103 = a/ one hundred and our customers in
three, etc. our new product - gone out of order/ something is wrong with
the machine.
¢Ë’ç éÌûªhí¬ ®Ω÷§Òç-Cç-*† ´Ææ’h-´¤™ ´÷ ë«û√-ü∆-
Q. So that
®Ω’© ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-©Fo §Òçü¿’-°æ-Jî√ç. Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
´çü¿© N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ûª°æp, ¢Ë© †’ç*, *´J Ææçêu
´·çü¿’ 'and' ¢√úø®Ω’. Incorporation = NM†ç îËߪ’úøç/ Åçûª-®√s¥-í∫-´’- A. So that = - Start early so that
Åçü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬
´úøç. The -incorporation of the social service
2008 - Two thousand and eight- British we can be there on time = ´’†ç Ææ´’-ߪ÷EéÀ
group into the party = ≤ƒç°∂œ’éπ ÊÆ¢√-Ææ-N’-A
- Two thousand eight - American
Åéπ\úø ÖçúËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ ûªy®Ωí¬ •ßª’-©’-üË®Ω’.
§ƒKd™ NM-†-´’-´úøç – §ƒKd™ Åçûª-®√s¥-í∫-´’-´úøç. Q. Even then N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Rs. 15,680/- Rs. Fifteen thousand six hun-

Touch up - ¢Á’®Ω’-í∫’©’ Cü¿lúøç.
A. Even then = Å°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈. I told him not to
dred eighty only - Bank/ American (Rs.
Mastermind ¢Ë’üµ∆N (´·êuçí¬ Ø訽 °æü∑¿-é¬-©†’
come. Even then he came = Åûª-úÕE ®√´-
Fifteen thousand six hundred and eighty -
®Ω÷§Òç-Cç* Å´’©’°æ®Ω-îª-úøç™)/ Å™«çöÀ ûÁL-N-ûË-
only - British) ü¿lØ√o†’, Å°æ¤púø’ èπÿú≈ (îÁ°œp-†-°æp-öÀ-èπÿ\ú≈)
/Å®·Ø√ ´î√aúø’.
Q. As well as Åçõ‰
àN’öÀ?
A. As well as = ÅD,
ÉD èπÿú≈/ Éü¿l®Óx,
Åûª†÷, Éûª†÷ èπÿú≈.
ô©’ îª÷°œç-îªúøç. Sri Rama as well as Sri Krishna is wor-
Q.
The Lashkar-e-toiba is the
؈’ î√™« ûÌçü¿-®Ωí¬ ÖØ√o†’ shiped in India =
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
ņ-ú≈-EéÀ à´’-Ø√L? I am hurry ¶µ«®Ω-û˝™ X®√´·úÕØË é¬ü¿’
527
master mind behind the Xéπ%≠æflgúÕE èπÿú≈ éÌ©’-≤ƒh®Ω’.
burry or I am hurrily burrily. Mumbai blasts/ Masterminded
pleasure Q. As far as possible
Which is the correct one . the Mumbai blasts.
A. As far as possible =
A. I am in a hurry/ a great hurry
≤ƒüµ¿u-¢Á’i-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊
I'll try to help you as far as possible =
äÍé Ç™-îª-†ûÓ •’v®Ω-
Åçö«ç. Hurry burry ÅØË-´÷ô eng- Eç-°æ¤-èπ◊E, ÉçÍé Ç™-îª-††’ îÌ®Ω-E-´y-éπ-
lish™ ™‰ü¿’. Å™«Íí hurrily/ burrily
Ø√èπ◊ ≤ƒüµ¿u-¢Á’i-†ç-ûª-´-®Ωèπ◊ Fèπ◊ ≤ƒßª’ç îËߪ’-ú≈-EÍé
§Ú-´úøç.
ÅØËC èπÿú≈ English é¬ü¿’. Caste provides the mind block
v°æߪ’-Ao-≤ƒh†’.
Hurly - burly ÅØË ´÷ô ÖçC Eng- Q. Other than Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
A. Other than = ÅC
lish ™. Å®·ûË ü∆Eéà hurry éà M.SURESAN others = Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ
é¬èπ◊çú≈/ ûª°æp.
Other than Ram, everyone passed = ®√¢˛’
Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’. Hurly - burly Åçõ‰ éπL-ÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊
í∫çü¿-®Ω-íÓ-∞¡çí¬/ £æ«ú≈-N-úÕí¬/ íÌúø-´-íÌ-úø-´í¬ Ö†o èπ◊©ç Ç™- ÅúÌf-Ææ ’hçC. ûª°æp N’í∫û√ ¢√®Ωç-ü¿®Ω÷ pass Åߪ÷u®Ω’.
°æJ-ÆœnA.
Master piece - äéπJ íÌ°æp °æE– Vyasa wrote Q. I will have to be. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo á°æ¤púø’ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-
I can't take any decision in this hurly- burly= many books, but the Bharatam is his master
î√L?
piece.
A. I will have to be = ؈’ç-ú≈Lq ´Ææ’hçC. (ûª°æp-E-Ææ-
Éçûª íÌúø-´í¬ Ö†o-°æ¤púø’/ Ñ £æ«ú≈-N-úÕ™/ Ñ (¢√uÆæ’úø’ ®√Æœ† ví∫çü∑∆™x ¶µ«®Ωûªç ÅA
°æ†’-©Fo ï®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’ç-úøí¬ ØËØË E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’-éÓ-™‰†’. íÌ°æpC). Å™«Íí Éûª®Ω ®Ωçí¬™x èπÿú≈. Jí¬). I will have to be there at 10 (future).
M.P. Nageswara Rao, Hyderabad.
Pilot = N´÷-Ø√©’ †úÕ-Ê°-¢√∞¡Ÿx.

Quilting = Quilt (äéπ- ®Ω-éπ-¢Á’i† G∞¡x©’ G∞¡x-©’í¬ éπE-
Q. éÀçC ûÁ©’í∫’ ¢√é¬u-©†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. car ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ he have a car ÅØ√™«? ÉüË


°œçîË °æ®Ω’°æ¤) ûªßª÷®Ω’îËߪ’úøç.
†÷ûª† í∫%£æ«v°æ¢Ë-¨»-EéÀ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’.

Pretermit - Ñ ´÷ô English é¬ü¿’.
¢√é¬uEo question form ™ Does he has
Congratulations on your entering your new ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ Does he have a car ÅØ√™«?

Block - ÅúøfçéÀ/ Å´-®Óüµ¿ç.
home. Wish you all happiness and prosper- A. He has a car. Does he have/ has he a car?
ity in your new home.
Misorile - äéπ file ™ Öçî√-Lq† paper †’
Q. Could not have expected


ÉçéÓ file ™ °ôdúøç. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo á°æ¤púø’
éÌûªh Ææ÷\ô®˝ éÌE †úÕ-°œ-Ææ’h-†oçü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊
¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’.
Neck to neck - °æçüÁç™ ÆæJ-Ææ-´÷-†çí¬ ®√´úøç Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L.
A. Could not have expected =
Wish you a happy ride on your new vehicle. (Éü¿l®Ω÷, Åçûªéπçõ‰ áèπ◊\-´-´’çC) ÇPçîªí∫LT ÖçúË-

NüË-Q-ߪ÷-†ç îËÆœ ´*a-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ Fèπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’.
Poaching- îªôd-N-®Ω’-ü¿l¥çí¬/ üÌçí∫-ûª-†çí¬ ïçûª’-´¤- ¢√úø’ é¬ü¿’.
Q. úø•’s©’ •ßª’-ôèπ◊ Bߪ’çúÕ. DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ
Congratulations on your successful comple-
©†’ ¢Ëö«-úøôç.
tion of foreign travel/ welcome home from
Puppet show - éé’/ -ûÓ©’ ¶Ô´’t-™«ô. îÁ§ƒpL.
abroad/ after your foreign travel.
Bar testing book - -Jail ™ ûªE& E®Ωy-£æ«ù N´- A. Take out the money/ Get the money out.

F´¤ ûªLx-N é¬-¶-ûª’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. ®√© °æ¤Ææhéπç. Q. I used to go to movies. question
Ñ ¢√é¬u-EéÀ
Congratulations on you are going to be a
Haul = ™«í∫úøç/ Ñ-úøyúøç. form Öçô’çü∆? What do you used to do
mother. A five wicket haul = 5 wickets ™«Íí-ߪ’úøç = ņ-´î√a?

°æü¿-O- N-®Ω-´’ù îËÆœ-†ç--ü¿’èπ◊ ´÷ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. °æúø-íÌ-ôdúøç. A. Did you use to go to movies? What did you
Wish you a happy and peaceful retired life.
Fellowship - American Universities ™ use to do?
course àüÁjØ√ îªC-¢Ëç-ü¿’èπ◊ research îËÊÆç-ü¿’èπ◊

F´¤ Å≠æd-â-¨¡y-®√u-©ûÓ ´Jn-™«x-©E Ç ¶µºí∫-´ç-ûª’-úÕE Q. Shall be had
ÉîËa scholarship ™«çöÀC. Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ?
v§ƒJn-Ææ’h-Ø√o†’. A. A car shall be had by you = You shall have

Pull out - îËÆæ’h†o °æE ´÷ØË-ߪ’úøç/ N®Ω-N’ç--éÓ-
May god bless you with all prosperity. a car = Fèπ◊ 鬮Ω’çC.


´úøç.
Q. E†o äéπ-ûª†’ £æ…ï®Ω’ 鬙‰ü¿’. DEo He was
D®√`-ߪ·-≥ƒt-Ø˛-¶µº´.
May you live long. Thahereem, Yellandu.
absent ÅØÌî√a?

Q. îËߪ’-™‰-éπ-§Ú-ûª’-Ø√o†’- – DEE English ™ ᙫ
áEo-éπ™x ÈíL-*-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. A. ÅØÌa.
Congrats on your victory in the elections.
îÁ§ƒpL?
A. I am not able to do it.

°æK-éπ~™x §ƒÆˇ Å®·-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¨¡Ÿ¶µ«-é¬ç-éπ~©’. Saikiran, Srikakulam.
Q.
Congrats on your success in the exam.
í∫ûªç™ ؈’ Ø√ 鬮Ω’†’ Å´÷t†’. Ñ ¢√é¬uEo
I sold my car
ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ I have sold
ÅØ√™« ™‰ü∆ Q. I am used to doing the shopping.
A.V. Subba Rao, Oripenta. my car ÅØ√™«? I am used to walking long distances. OöÀ
Q. A. I have sold my car. time
(á°æ¤púø’ ÅN’tçD îÁ°æp- Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
éÀçC °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√n-©†’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
Incorporation, Touch up, Mastermind, Mind I sold my car last week.
†-°æ¤púø’). A. be used to = îËÊÆ-¢√-úø’éπ/ Å©-¢√-ô’ Öçúøôç.
block, Master piece, Pilot, Quilting, Preter- Q. Machine 1) Ø√èπ◊ shopping Å©-¢√õ‰/ îËÊÆ¢√úÕE/ ü∆ØËo.
îÁúÕ-§Ú-®·çC ™‰ü∆ é¬L-§Ú-®·çC -– Ñ
mit, Block, Misorile, Neck to neck, Poaching,
¢√é¬uEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? 2) î√™« ü¿÷®√©’ †úÕîË Å©-¢√-ô’çC Ø√èπ◊.
Puppet show, Bar testing book Haul, Fel- A. The machine is out of order / in repair/ has
,
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 7 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

M. Ratna Kishore, Hyderabad. N.V. Krishna Rao, Hyderabad. It should have

Q. í∫’®Ω’h-éÌ-î√a´¤ ÅE îÁ°æp-ú≈-EéÀ remem- Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√nEo N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. been decided by
ber, recollect, recall OöÀ™  àC
I guess I would go for some one like 'Kiran now
éπÈ®èπ◊d? Bedi'. = Ñ §ƒöÀéÀ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-
A. Remember = í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊®√´úøç. A. ؈’ éÀ®Ω-ù˝-¶‰-úŒØË áç-èπ◊ç-ö«-†-†’-èπ◊ç-ö«†’. •-ú≈-LqçD é¬F
I remember seeing him somewhere = Åûª-ØÁo- (I guess = ؈-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’.) 鬙‰ü¿’.
éπ\úÓ îª÷Æœ-†ô’d í∫’®Ω’h-éÌ-≤ÚhçC.
I guess if I had to make a choice it would Would have been
Remember is something coming to our be - someone like 'Kiran Bedi'. decided
A. Shaik Fayaz Pasha, Dharoor.
mind, without our attempt. (´’† v°æߪ’ûªoç áç°œéπ îËÆæ’éÓ-¢√Lq ´ÊÆh, éÀ®Ω-ù˝-¶‰úŒ ™«çöÀ-¢√-∞¡xÍé = E®Ωg-®·ç-°æ-•-üËD, é¬F 鬙‰ü¿’.
Q. Does Suneetha have any friends
- remember) Can have been decided =
™‰èπ◊çú≈ØË ´’† •’v®Ω-™éÀ ´îËaC ¢Á·í∫’_-îª÷-°æ¤-û√†’. E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçúø- O’®Ìéπ îÓô
Q. éÀçC ¢√éπuç™ 'come to' à Å®√n-EoÆæ’hçC? in railway booking ÅØ√o®Ω’? Å®·ûË
Recall/ Recollect - í∫ ’®Ω’hèπ◊ ûÁîª ’a-éÓ-´úøç í∫-©’_-ûª’çC – ÉC -Åç-ûªí¬ ¢√úø’-éπ™ ™‰ü¿’
He managed to loosen the wire and come to Suneetha 3rd person has
Å®·-†ç-ü¿’-´©x
(v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœ) It could have been decided = í∫ûªç™ ÅC have
us ®√¢√L éπü∆. Ñ ¢√éπuç™ áçü¿’èπ◊ -´-*aç-üÓ
He does not recollect the contents of the let-
. E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçúø-í∫-©ü¿’, é¬F 鬙‰ü¿’.
A. come to us =
N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
ter
´÷ ü¿í∫_-JéÀ ®√´-úøç. If he had been here, it could have been
= Ç Öûªh-®Ωç™E N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ Åûª-úÕéÀ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ A. Does have ÅØ√o has ÅØ√o äéπõ‰.
come to =
decided by now =
äéπJ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊/ äéπ îÓ-öÀéÀ.
Has, goes, sings ™«çöÀ verbs questions
®√-´-úøç ™‰ü¿’ (v°æߪ’ûªoç îËÆœØ√) Åûª-E-éπ\úø ÖçúÕ Öçõ‰,
Try to recollect what he told you = Fèπ◊ ÅûªúËç Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u© Å®√n-©†’, ûËú≈†’ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.

I saw a man who is going on a donkey.
E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’éÓ-•úÕ Öçúø-í∫-L-ÍíüË (E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’éÓ ™í¬E, not ûÓí¬E ´*a-†-°æ¤púø’ Does have/
îÁ§ƒpúÓ í∫’®Ω’hèπ◊ ûÁa-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç. -í∫-LÍí¢√Í®) é¬F ï®Ω-í∫-™‰ü¿’. does go/ does sing. etc Å´¤-û√®· éπ-ü∆. Å®·ûË
A. I saw a man who is going on a donkey -
Q. Please explain the usage of the word
ûª°æ¤p.
The team appears to have been decided

I saw a man going on donkey.
ÉC èπÿú≈ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
'concern'. I couldn't understand this sen- = Does Sunitha have any friends... =
A. I saw a man going on donkey. correct =
ïô’d (™E Çô-í¬∞¡Ÿ}) E®Ωg-®·ç-°æ-•-úøfõ‰d ÖçC.
tences.
ÉC
I saw a man who was going on a donkey. Has Sunitha any friends... Have ÉC äéπ\
1. It is a matter of N≠æ-ߪ’ç-™ØË.
concern.

It should have been decided by now

Q. Do you hear me?
2. Cause for concern. Are you hear me?
A. Concern = 1) Worry. È®çúÕç-öÀ™  àC
We are all concerned éπÈ®èπ◊d?
about the rise in the
A.V. Achari, Vizag. A. Radha, K. Vasavi, Do you understand? Are you understand?
crime rate = °®Ω’-í∫’-ûª’†o ØË®√©’ ´’†èπ◊ Çü¿’®√l
Q. Guntur. Do you OK? Are you OK? OöÀ™  àC éπÈ®éÓd
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 528
éπL-T-Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. éÀçC °æü∆-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ Å®√nEo

It is a matter of concern = It (The matter) N´-Jç-îªçúÕ. àßË’-é¬-™«™x à Q. éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’- ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
causes/ is causing us (serious) worry / we
N-üµ¿çí¬ OöÀE v°æßÁ÷Tçî√™ í∫’™ Å®√nEo ÆæN-´-®Ωçí¬ ûÁ©’-°æ- A. äéπ\-≤ƒJ Six forms of verbs í∫’®Ω’h ûÁa-éÓçúÕ,
are seriously worried about it (The matter)
ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ. í∫-©®Ω’. 'Be' forms (am, is, are, was, were, etc)
Tobe decided, will be decided, can She said while showing her 'ing' form past participle

cause for worry = reason for worry.
°æéπ\† á°æ¤púø÷, í¬F,
be decided, shall be decided, may chopped legs. í¬F ´Ææ’hçC.
concern = 2) a Company or business.
be decided, might be decided, A. Hear, Sing etc ™«çöÀ I Regular Doing Word
Tata - Mcgraw Hill is a publishing concern
úÓèπ◊\-§Ú-®·† ûª† é¬∞¡x†’ îª÷°œÆæ÷h/
have been decided, has been (IRDW) ®√ü¿’.
(Book publishing company).
îª÷°œ-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’, îÁ°œpçC
decided, had been decided etc., Q. She said, showing her chopped Are you hear me? Do you hear


鬕öÀd ņç,
Important matter - our concern now is to A. To be decided = legs. me? Are you under-
M.SURESAN
E®Ωg-®·ç-î√Lq ÖçC– ÅØË Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí
protect the country from terrorists = The date is to be decided = Ç stand? Do you understand?
A. úÓèπ◊\-§Ú-®·† ûª† é¬∞¡x†’ îª÷°œÆæ÷h ÅE ņç éπü∆,
´’†éÀ°æ¤púø’ ´·êu-¢Á’i† N≠æߪ’ç ü˨»Eo Bv´- û√Kèπ◊ Éçé¬ E®Ωg-®·ç-î√Lq ÖçC. (ê®√®Ω’ 鬙‰ü¿’) Ç¢Á’ ÅçC. ÅØË Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí
will be decided = future ™ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø’- Is he know? ņç, Does he know?
¢√-ü¿’© †’ç* ®ΩéÀ~ç-îªôç.

Interest: Teachers' concern for the Q. éÀçC È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®éÓd ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
ûª’çC. The date of the marriage will be Without notice of him I have done it.
Åçö«ç.
progress of their students = Teachers' decided soon =°Rx ûËD ûªy®Ω™  E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø’-
interest in their students' progress'. Without notice of him have I done it. V. Pandu Ranga, Polamuru(E.G.Dist).
ûª’çC.

To be worried = I am concerned about his Can be decided = E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø-í∫-©ü¿’. A. È®çúÕç-öÀéà ŮΩnç äéπõ‰. Å®·ûË without notice of Q. What is he like? Åçõ‰ Å®Ωnç àN’öÀ? Ééπ\úø
health = I am worried about his health. him have I done it ņ-úøç ¢Á’®Ω’í∫’. like ÆœnA àN’öÀ?
It can be decided only by him = Ç E®Ωgߪ’ç

To be connected with = I am not concerned A. What is he like? = Åûªúø’ ᙫ Öçö«úø’? Ééπ\úø
with my brother's affairs = I have no con-
ÅûªúÕ îËûªØË BÆæ’-éÓ-•-ú≈L. (ÅûªúË Ç E®Ωgߪ’ç BÆæ’- A. Radha, Kovvur. like èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, '™«— (ᙫ™). ÉC How does he
look?
nection with my brother's affairs - it
éÓ-í∫-©úø’)
Q. éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ É*a† Å®√n©’ (Åûª-úÁ™« éπE-°œ-≤ƒhúø’?) èπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç.
Had been decided = Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË/ í∫ûªç™
concerns all of us = It affects all of us. éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? M. Nagarjun Babu, Pedavadlapudi.
ÉçéÓ Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†èπ◊ ´·çüË E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úÕçC –
Shalini, Penugonda. It had been decided before I reached the
He noticed her while she is weeping in her Q. Kumar what are you doing now?
place = bedroom - Ç¢Á’ ûª† ¶„ú˛-®Ω÷-¢˛’™ àúø’-Ææ’hç-úøí¬, What do you now?
Q. E†o ï†t-¶µº÷-N’™ §ƒ™Ô_-†-´-©-Æœ† îªçvü¿-¶«•’ ؈-éπ\-úÕéÀ îË®Ω’-éÓ-éπ-´·çüË E®Ωg-®·ç-îª- Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®éÓd
O’öÀç-í∫’èπ◊ ®√™‰ü¿’ ņ-ú≈-EéÀ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ The TDP •-úÕçC. àúø’-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ îª÷¨»úø’. N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
Shall be decided =
He noticed her while she was crying = Ç¢Á’ A. Kumar, What are you doing now? - correct
president Chandrababu Naidu who was to éπ*a-ûªçí¬ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø’-
participate yesterday in Janmabhoomi did ûª’çC,in future. àúø’-Ææ÷hç-úøí¬ Åûª†’ îª÷¨»úø’/ í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’. Kumar, What do you now – ÉC sentence
It shall be decided only after receiving all A. He noticed her while she was (is é¬ü¿’) é¬ü¿’. What do you do now? ņúøç correct =
not come to the meeting ņúøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√?
™‰ü∆ The TDP President Chandrababu the applications = applications
Å-Eo ´*a† crying in her bedroom, He noticed her weep- É°æ¤púËç îËߪ’-¶-ûª’-Ø√o´¤?
Naidu yesterday who was to participate in ing in her bedroom correct.
ûª®√y-ûªØË ÅC E®Ωg-®·ç-î√L/ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-ú≈L. – È®çúø÷ B. Sateesh, Nellore.
Janmbabgoomi had not come to the May be decided = E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø-´îª’a. He noticed her weeping in her bedroom =
Q. v•£æ«Ùt-ûªq-¢√©’, Öûªq-¢√©’, <öÃ-Ê°-éπ©’ OöÀE
meeting ņúøç éπÈ®é¬d? Ñ È®çúÕç-öÀ™ ÆæÈ®j-†C It may be decided in a day or two = äéπöÀ Ç¢Á’ àúø’-Ææ’hç-úøôç Åûª†’ í∫´’-Eç-î√úø’. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’çö«®Ω’?
àC? È®çúø’ ®ÓV™x ÅC E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úø-´îª’a. (E®Ωg-ߪ’ç Q. éÀçC ¢√é¬u© Å®√n©’ ÆæÈ®j-†¢Ó é¬üÓ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. A. Major festival - v•£æ«Ùt-ûªq-¢√©’ ÅØË ´÷ôèπ◊ ü¿í∫_J
A. Chandrababu who was to have participated BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.)
We will help you prepare for the exam. °æü¿ç.
in Janmabhumi programme yesterday did Might be decided - ü∆ü¿°æ¤ may be decided We will help you in preparing for the exam. Öûªq-¢√©’ = festivals.
not turn up. correct. Who was to
ÉC ûª®√yûª èπ◊ Ææ´÷†ç (May éπçõ‰ áèπ◊\´ ÆæçüË£æ«ç) áí¬b-¢˛’èπ◊ v°œÊ°®˝ 鬴-úøç™ ¢Ë’ç ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøû√ç. Ê°é¬ô = playing cards.
have Has/ Have been decided - Time ûÁLߪ’E
We will help you to prepare for the exam. Q. †’´¤y ÉçéÓ Â°Rx îËÆæ’-èπ◊çõ‰ problem ™ °æúø-û√´¤
®√´úøç ´·êuç.
Had not come ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. í∫ûªç™ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•-úøôç. áí¬b-¢˛’èπ◊ v°œÊ°®˝ 鬴-ú≈-EéÀ ¢Ë’ç ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøû√ç. ņ-ú≈-EéÀ éÀçC È®çúø’ ¢√é¬u™x àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
Q. Åûªúø’ ÉçöÀéÀ AJT ¢Á∞¡Ÿ-ûª’-†oç-ü¿’èπ◊ ÆæçûÓ-≠æ-°æ-úø’- The name has been/ the names have been
To prepare for, In preparing for OöÀ™  àC If you marry again, you will fall in troubles.
ûª’-Ø√oúø’. He feels happy to be going back to decided = E®Ωg-ߪ’-¢Á’i-§Ú-®·çC/ E®Ωgߪ’ç Å®·-§Ú- éπÈ®èπ◊d? If you married again, you will fall in troubles.
home Åçö«ç. Å®·ûË ÉüË ¢√é¬uEo past ™ A. If you marry again you will fall into troubles
ߪ÷®·. A. We will help you prepare for the exam = O’®Ω’
future ™ ûÁ©-§ƒ-©çõ‰ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™  ᙫ îÁ§ƒpL? Will have been decided = future correct.
™ Å°æp-öÀéÀ exam èπ◊ ÆæçÆœü¿l¥ç Å´-úøç™ ¢Ë’ç ≤ƒßª’-°æ-úøû√ç =
A. He feels happy to be going back home Q. How
E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçô’çC. We will help you in preparing for the exam. Éçéπ áEo á°œ-≤Úúø’x ÖØ√o®· ņ-ú≈-EéÀ
to home é¬ü¿’. It will have been decided by this time tomor- many episodes? How many episodes do we
ÉüË Å®ΩnçûÓ We will help you to DEo omit
Past: He felt happy to be going back home row = have?
Í®°‘-§ƒ-öÀéÀ E®Ωg-®·ç-îª-•úÕ Öçô’çC. îËßÁ·îª’a) prepare for the exam. È®çúÕç-öÀ™ àC éπÈ®èπ◊d?
Future: He will feel happy to be going back Should have been decided = A. How many more episodes do we have? /
home.
E®Ωg-®·ç--îª-•- É´Fo correct, ÅEoç-öÀéà äÍé meaning 鬕öÀd. How many more episodes are there?
ú≈LqçC, é¬F é¬-™‰ü¿’.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 14 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008
Vineeth: (Have you) heard the news? Sunil
was quite lucky. The police caught a
man red handed as he was lifting
his hand to strike at Sunil.
Ñ ¢√®Ωh NØ√o¢√? Ææ’E™¸ Åü¿%-≠d-´æ ç-ûª’úË.
á´®Ó Åûª-úÕ-E éÌôd-ú≈-EéÀ îÁßÁ’u-ûªh-¶-ûª’çõ‰,
police ©’ °æô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
Sumanth: But why should any body try to hit
him? He is quite nice and minds his
business. He is the harmless type.
ÅÆæ©’ á´-È®jØ√ Ææ’E-™¸†’ éÌõ‰d v°æߪ’ûªoç
áçü¿’èπ◊ îËߪ÷L? ´’ç*-¢√úË éπü∆, Éûª-
®Ω’© ñLéÀ ¢Á∞¡xúø’.
Mind his business= ûª† °æE -û√†’ îª÷Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ö«úø’.
harmless = ŧƒ-ߪ’-éπ-®Ωç-é¬E/ éÃúø’ îËߪ’E.
Vineeth: Things are not what they seem,
buddy. Sunil is not that innocent. He
is quite good to us, but that is only
one side of the coin. He can be
tough when toughness is needed.
´’†èπ◊ éπE-°œçîË N≠æ-ߪ÷-©èπÿ, ÅÆæ©’ N≠æ-
ߪ÷-©èπÿ î√™«
That's only one side of the coin
ûËú≈ N’vûª´÷.
Ææ’E™¸ Åçûª
Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-úËç-
é¬ü¿’. ´’†-°æôx
´’ç*-í¬ØË
Öçö«úø’, é¬F
´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’E ÉçéÓ N≠æߪ’ç ÖçC.
í∫öÀd-ü¿†ç Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’iûË í∫öÀdí¬ Öçúø-í∫-©úø’.
tough= í∫öÀdí¬ Öçúøôç,
Innocent= Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-úÁj†
Sumanth: What do you mean?
(àçöÀ †’´y-ØËC?)
Vineeth: He is quite rich; born with a silver
spoon in his mouth. His cousins
envy him. He and they are at logger
heads with each other. As they try
often to harm him, he's become
tough too. They had had him beaten
some time ago, and he hit back by
engaging some goons.
Åûªúø’ î√™« üµ¿†-´ç-ûª’úø’ °æ¤ô’d-éπ-ûÓØË.
ÅûªúÕ cousins èπ◊ Åûª-úøçõ‰ Ñ®Ω{u. Åûª-
úÕéà ¢√∞¡}èπÿ ÅÆæ©’ °æúøü¿’. ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ ¢√∞¡x-
ûª-úÕéÀ éÃúø’ ûª©-°-ôd-úøç-´©x, Åûªúø÷ éπ®Ω’í¬_
ûªßª÷-®Ω-ߪ÷uúø’. Åûª-úÕE ¢√∞¡Ÿ} éÌöÀdçîË
v°æߪ’ûªoç îËߪ’-úøç-´©x, ûª†÷ á´®Ó
rowdy ©ûÓ éÌöÀdç-î √úø’.
goons = í∫÷çú≈©’.
Sumanth: So you mean that the attack on him
today was their cousins' desire to
settle their old scores with him?
Åçõ‰ †’´y-†úøç, É¢√y∞¡ ÅûªúÕ O’ü¿ -
ï-J-T-† ü∆úÕ -Å-ûª-úÕ cousins §ƒ-ûªéπéπ~ B®Ω’a-
èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ -îËÆœç-üË-Ø√?--
Vineeth: Exactly. But they are no match for
Sunil. He is quite clever. He knows
when to bide his time and when to
attack. Perhaps this time he was off
his guard.
éπ*a-ûªçí¬ ÅçûË. é¬F ¢√∞¡Ÿx Ææ’-E-™¸èπ◊ ≤ƒöÀ-
®√®Ω’. Åûªúø’ ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’. á°æ¤púø’
ÅùÀT Öçú≈™, á°æ¤púø’ ü∆úÕ-îË-ߪ÷™ Åûª-
úÕéÀ ûÁ©’Ææ’. Ñ≤ƒJ •£æ›¨¡ à´÷J
ÖçúÌa.
Sumanth: Any way, we are happy he is safe.
àüÁjØ√ ÆæÍ®, Åûªúø’ Íé~´’ç ÅC ÆæçûÓ≠æç.
Vineeth: I am sure he will come up with an
ace up his sleeve very soon. He is
quite clever at such matters.
àüÓ äéπ Ç™-îª-†ûÓ ´’Sx ´≤ƒh-úø-ûªúø’.
ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’ Å™«çöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷™x.
Sumanth: But Sunil, all said and done, is the
good sort and would go to any
length to have a peaceful time. So
he proposes to sell all his property
with and settle in Bengaluru.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
àüË-¢Á’iØ√ Sunil ´’ç* ®Ωéπç, v°æ¨»ç-ûª-¢Á’i†
@Nûªç í∫úø-§ƒ-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’. Åçü¿’-éπE
Ééπ\úø ÇÆæhçû√ Ţ˒tÆœ, ¶„çí∫’-∞¡⁄®Óx
Æœn®Ω°æ-ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
Vineeth: Is it going to be soon? We'll be miss-
ing him a lot if he goes away.
ÅC ûªy®Ωí¬ ï®Ω-í∫-¶-ûÓçü∆? Åûªúø’
™‰éπ§ÚûË ´’†èπ◊ ¢ÁL-Aí¬ Öçô’çC.
Sumanth: Disposing of property is not some-
thing that can be overnight. He
expects to move out by this year-
end, or the beginning of the next.
ÇÆœhE Ţ˒t-ߪ’úøç äéπ\ ®ÓW™ ï®Ω-í∫ü¿’
éπü∆. Ñ àú≈C *´-®Ω-™-í¬F, ´îËa àú≈C
Ç®Ωç-¶µºç-™-í¬F ¢Á∞«}-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√oúø’.
Dispose of = ÇÆœh ™«çöÀN Ţ˒t-ߪ’-úøç; settle
îËÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç
Overnight = äéπ\-®Ó-V-™ -ØË
Vineeth: It's good for him, though we miss
him. Let's pray for his peaceful life.
´’†ç Åûªúø’ ™‰éπ-§ÚûË
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 529
¶«üµ¿-°æ-úÌa. é¬F
ÅûªúÕéπC ´’ç*C. Åûª-
úÕéÀ v°æ¨»çûª @Nûªç
Öçú≈-©E ´’†ç éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
´’†-éÌé𠶵«≠æ °æ‹Jhí¬ ´îËa-üÁ-°æ¤púø’?
Åçü¿’™E idioms ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ-†-°æ¤púø’,
¢√öÀE ´’† conversation ™ Ææçü¿-®√s¥-†’-
≤ƒ-®Ωçí¬ ¢√úø-í∫-L-T-†-°æ¤púø’. Idioms Åçõ‰
ûÁ©’Ææ’ éπü∆? ñ«B-ߪ÷©’. ÉN v°æA ¶µ«≠æ-
™†÷ Öçö«®·. ÉN éÌEo ´÷ô©
M.SURESAN
Ææ´‚£æ«ç. Å®·ûË Ç ´÷ô© Ææ´‚£æ«ç
(group of words) ¢Á·û√hEéÀ ´îËa Å®√n-EéÃ, Ç Ææ´‚-
£æ«ç-™E äéÌ\éπ\ ´÷ô Å®√n-Eéà Ææç•çüµ¿ç Öçúøü¿’.
Phrasal verb èπÿú≈ ÅçûË-éπü∆? Å®·ûË phrasal
verb †’ á°æ¤púø÷ verb í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. Idiom verb 鬆-
éπ\-Í®xü¿’. eg: to put up with = ¶µºJç-îªúøç/ Æ棜«ç-
îªúøç. ÉC phrasal verb, áçü¿’-éπçõ‰ DEE verb í¬
¢√úøû√ç. Éçü¿’™ put ÅØË verb ÖçC. Idiom ™
verb Öçúø-éπ\-®Ω-™‰ü¿’. Åçü¿’-éπE phrasal verbs
ûÓ§ƒô’ idioms èπÿú≈ ¶«í¬ ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’† spoken
English Ææ£æ«-ïçí¬ Ææ®Ω-∞¡çí¬ Öçô’çC. ûÁ©’-í∫’™
idiom èπ◊ example, †úø’ç-¢√-©aúøç– Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éπü∆,
Nv¨»çA BÆæ’-éÓ-´úøç/ °æúø’-éÓ-´úøç. DEéÀ †úø’-´·èπÿ,
¢√©a-ú≈-EéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’-éπü∆? Åçü¿’-éπE ÉC idiom.
4) Be
Å™«Íí English ™ In one's look/ In somebody's
look= In somebody's opinion = äéπJ ÅGµ-v§ƒßª’ç
v°æ鬮Ωç ÅE. He is good in my look = Ø√ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-
ߪ’ç™ ¢√úø’ ´’ç*-¢√úË. Dçöx look èπÿ ÅGµ-v§ƒ-ߪ÷-
EéÀ Ææç•çüµ¿ç ™‰ü¿’ éπü∆. idiom/ phrasal verb Å®√n-
©†’ ¢√öÀ-™E ´÷ô© Å®Ωnç-´©x ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ™‰ç ÅE
ûÁ©’-≤ÚhçC éπü∆?
Ñ lesson ™ English ™ î√™« ûª®Ωîª÷ ¢√úË
idioms éÌEoç-öÀE îª÷ü∆lç.
Look at the following expressions from
the conversation above.
1) The police caught red handed a person/
caught a person red handed.
2) That's only one side of the coin.
3) He is borm with a silver spoon in his mouth.
4) He and they are at logger heads.
5) The attack on him today was their attempt to
settle old scores.
6) He knows when to bide the time.
7) He was off his guard.
8) Come up/ Have an ace up his sleeve.
É°æ¤púø’ äéÌ\-éπ\-öÀí¬ OöÀ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
1) Caught red handed- Past tense of catch
red handed = ØË®Ωç îËÆæ’hç-úøí¬ °æô’d-éÓ-´úøç.
a) I caught him red
handed while he
was trying to
steel my books
= Ø√ °æ¤Ææh-鬩’
üÌçT-L-Ææ’hç-úøí¬/
üÌçT-L-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤úø’
¢√úÕo ؈’ °æô’d-èπ◊-
Ø√o†’.
b) The vigilance people caught him red
handed while accepting a bribe from
some one = á´-J-†’çîÓ ©çîªç BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’ç-
úøí¬ E°∂æ÷-¢√∞¡Ÿx Åûª-úÕE °æô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
Catch some one red handed = catch
someone in the act of.
He was caught in the act of snatching a
chain around a woman's neck = äéπ Æ‘Y
íÌ©’Ææ’ ™«Íí-Ææ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-†o-°æ¤púø’ Åûªúø’ üÌJ-éÀ-§Ú-
ߪ÷úø’
2) Born with silver spoon in one's mouth =
°æ¤ôd-úø¢Ë’ üµ¿E-èπ◊-úÕí¬/ üµ¿Eéπ èπ◊ô’ç-•ç™ °æ¤ôdúøç.
a) Jawaharlal Nehru was born
with a silver spoon in his
mouth = ØÁv£æfi °æ¤ô’d-éπ-ûÓØË
X´’ç-ûª’úø’/ Çí∫®Ωs¥ X´’ç-ûª’úø’
b) He was not born with a silver
spoon in his mouth. His wealth is
hard earned = ÅûªúËç X´’ç-ûª’-úÕí¬
°æ¤ôd-™‰ü¿’. ÅûªúÕ Ææç°æü¿ Åçû√ éπ≠d-°æ æúÕ
Ææ秃-Cç-*çüË.
3) One side of the coin = äéπJ
Ææy¶µ«´ç/ äéπ N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ äéπ Å稡ç
´÷vûª¢Ë’. (ÉçéÓ Å稡ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC)
a) He makes donations to charities - That's
only one side of the coin. The other side
of the coin is he is a land grabber too =
Åûªúø’ N®√-∞«©’ (üµ¿®Ωt-é¬-®√u-©èπ◊) É≤ƒh-úø-ØËC äéπ
Å稡ç. Å®·ûË ÉçéÓ Å稡ç èπÿú≈ ÖçC–
ÅûªØÓ ¶µº÷éπ-¶«b-ü∆®Ω’.
b) What you know is just one side of the
coin. There's the other side - that he is
not the innocent you think he is = Fèπ◊ ûÁL-
ÆœçC Åûª-úÕéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† äéπ Å稡ç
´÷vûª¢Ë’. ÉçéÓ Å稡ç ÖçC, ÅûªúÕ v°æ´-®Ωh-†™,
†’´y-†’-éÌ-ØËçûª Å´÷-ߪ’-èπ◊-úËç-é¬-ü¿-ûªúø’.
at logger heads = ÉC î√™« ûª®Ω-îª’í¬ NE-
°œçîË idiom - Éü¿lJ ´’üµ¿u Bv´ ¶µ‰ü∆Gµv§ƒ-ߪ÷©’/
´’†-Ææp-®Ωn-©ûÓ äéπ-JûÓ äéπ-JéÀ °æúø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç/ ¢√J-
´’üµ¿u §Úö«xô Öçúøôç/ ¨¡ûª%ûªyç Öçúøôç.
a) YSR and Chandrababu are always at
logger heads with each other = ¢√Rx-ü¿l-JéÃ
äéπ\ éπ~ùç °æúøü¿’.
b) India and Pakistan are at logger heads
over the handing over of terrorists to
India = ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ Öví∫-¢√-ü¿’©†’ Å°æp-TçîË N≠æ-
ߪ’ç™ ¶µ«®Ω-û˝èπ◊ §ƒé˙èπÿ §Òûª’h èπ◊ü¿-®Ω-úøç-™‰ü¿’.
c) The childless wife and the husband are at
logger heads over adopting a child and
are likely to separate = Ææçû√†ç ™‰E Ç
ü¿ç°æ-ûª’-©èπ◊ ü¿ûªhûª N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ §Òûª’h èπ◊ü¿-®Ωúøç
™‰ü¿’, Nú≈-èπ◊©’ BÆæ’-éÓ-´îª’a.
5) Settle old scores/ Have a score to settle =
§ƒûª éπéπ~©’ B®Ω’a-éÓ-´úøç/ àüÁjØ√ Å°æ-J-≠æ \%-ûªçí¬
Ö†o N≠æ-ߪ÷©’ °æJ-≠æ \-Jç--éÓ-´úøç.
a) Why should anyone attack him for noth-
ing? Perhaps someone had an old score
to settle (with him) = á´-È®jØ√ àç ™‰èπ◊çú≈
áçü¿’èπ◊ Åûª-úÕ-O’ü¿ ü∆úÕ îË≤ƒh®Ω’? §ƒûª éπéπ~-™‰¢Ó
Öçö«®·.
2
b) He's cheated her, so she has a score to
settle with him =Åûª-ú≈-¢Á’†’ ¢Á÷Ææç î˨»úø’.
Åçü¿’-éπE Ç¢Á’ ÅûªúÕ O’ü¿ éπéπ~ B®Ω’a-éÓ-¢√Lq
ÖçC.
c) We have a score to settle; when shall We
meet? = ´’†ç ûË©’a-éÓ-¢√-Lq† N≠æߪ’ç ÖçC;
á°æ¤púø’ éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç?
6) To bide the time = ÆæÈ®j† Æ洒ߪ’ç éÓÆæç ¢Ë*
Öçúøôç (àüÁjØ√ Ωu BÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊)
a) Don't think he won't act. He is just biding
the time = -Å-ûªúËç îËߪ’-úø-†’-éÓèπ◊. ÆæÈ®j† Ææ´’-
ߪ’ç-éÓÆæç áü¿’-®Ω’-îª÷-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.
b) Bide your time. Your turn will come too =
é¬Ææh ã°œéπ °æô’d. F ´çûª’-
èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’hçC.
7) Off somebody's
guard = Çü¿-´’-J*
Öçúøôç/ éπ≥ƒd©†÷,
Ç°æü¿©†÷ áü¿’-®Ì\-ØËç-
ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ ™‰éπ-§Ú-´úøç.
a) He was off guard when his enemies
threw bombs at him = Åûªúø’ Çü¿-´’-®Ω* Ö†o-
°æ¤púø’ ¨¡vûª’-´¤-©-ûªúÕ O’ü¿ ¶«ç•’©’ NÆœ-®√®Ω’.
b) The Police caught the thief off guard =
police
üÌçí∫ à´’-®Ω’-§ƒ-ô’† Ö†o-°æ¤púø’ ©’
°æô’d-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’.
Be on your guard = F ñ«ví∫-ûªh™  †’´¤yçúø’
8) Have an ace up one's sleeve = Å´-Ææ-®Ω-¢Á’i†
Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ¢√úø’ ÈíL-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ O©’í¬ ´’† ü¿í∫_®Ω
®Ω£æ«-Ææuçí¬ Öç-èπ◊†o Ç™-/ °æü∑¿éπç/ éé-éπ-¢Á’i†
Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç.
a) I am surprised he is so calm. He must be
having an ace up his sleeve = Åûª-úøç-ûª
v°æ¨»ç-ûªçí¬ Öçúøôç Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC. àüÓ
Öçü¿-ûª-úÕ ü¿í∫_®Ω, ´’†èπ◊ ûÁL-ߪ’E ´’®Ωtç.
b) He is not afraid of his officer. He knows
some of his secrets. That must be the
ace up his sleeve = officer
Åûªúø’ ûª† Åçõ‰
¶µºßª’-°æ-úøúø’. Çߪ’† ®Ω£æ«-≤ƒu-™‰¢Ó Åûª-úÕéÀ
ûÁ©’Ææ’. ÆæÈ®j† Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ ¢√öÀE •ßª’-ô-°-úø-
û√-úø-ûªúø’.
K.Satyanarayana, Vizag.
Q. For
-†’ period of the time í¬ Ö°æ-
ßÁ÷-T-Ææ’h-†o-°æ¤púø’ Present perfect
tense ™ ®√ߪ ÷-©E îªC-¢√†’.
é¬F éÌEo-≤ƒ®Ω’x Simple past™
èπÿú≈ ´Ææ’h-Ø√o®·. ÉC éπÈ®èπ◊d
Å´¤Ø√? é¬ü∆?
A. Simple past ™ èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a. ÅC correct
èπÿú≈.
eg: The British ruled India for 200 years =
British 200
¢√∞¡Ÿx ¶µ«®Ω-û˝†’ à∞¡Ÿx §ƒLç-î√®Ω’.
Ééπ\úø ruled, simple past éπü∆?
for, äéπ period of time èπ◊ ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøû√ç,
ÅC á°æ¤p-úÁjØ√, à tense ûÓØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
éÀç-C -Ö-ü∆£æ«®Ω-ù-©’ îª÷úøçúÕ.
a) I am going to Hyderabad. I will be there
for three days (future)
b) He lived here for 10 years - 10 à∞¡Ÿx Çߪ’-
E-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’ í∫ûªç™(past simple).
c) He has lived here for the past ten years
=
í∫ûª °æüË-∞¡Ÿxí¬ (°æüË∞¡x véÀûªç †’ç* É°æp-öÀ-
´-®Ω-èπÿ/- Éçé¬) Åûª-E-éπ\úø ÖØ√oúø’
(present perfect).
-í∫-´’-Eéπ: -≤Úpéπ-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ -Ééπ°j -v°æ-A -Ç-C-¢√®Ωç-
v°æ--J-ûª-´’-´¤-ûª’ç-C.
-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 21 -úÕÂÆç-•®Ω’ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

J.Anil Kumar, Tadpatri,  Counter

Concept Åçõ‰ äéπ
Anantapur A. ´uA-Í®éπç/ v°æA-èπÿ©ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç í∫’Jç-*
Q. I read in Newspapers that the Argument X Counter argument Å´-í¬-£æ«†, ´’†
population of India reached to When I complained about it he coun- ´’†-Ææ’™ üΔE-èπ◊†o
one billion i.e. 100 crores. Asma tered me by saying the opposite ®Ω÷°æç.
Jahangir is the billionth baby of  £œ«ûÓéÀh He is an orphan so
India. With this we can understand that the A. Homily/ good advice he has no concept
value of one billion is 100 crores.  Input of parental love =
But when I was going through the dictio- Q. He was not sorry for having been deceived.
A. 1) ߪ’çvû√© ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ-™ éÀ áéÀ\çîË Åûªúø’ ÅØ√ü∑¿ Åçü¿’-éπE
nary the other day to find out the meaning of A.
Nü¿’u-îªa ¥éÀh. 2) computer ™éÀ áéÀ\çîË Ææ´÷- ûªLx-ü¿ç-vúø’© vÊ°´’ í∫’Jç-* Å´-í¬-£æ«† Åûª-úÕéÀ ™‰ü¿’. ¢Á÷Ææ-§Ú-®·-†çü¿’èπ◊ ÅûªúËç Nî√-Jç-îªúøç/ ¶«üμ¿-
some English words, accidentally I saw the î√®Ωç. 3) äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷Eo í∫’Jç* ´’†èπ◊ ´îËa Westerners can have no concept of our °æ-úøôç ™‰ü¿’.
meaning of billion. I was shocked to see that Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç, Ç™-îª-†©÷, ÅGμ-v§ƒßª÷©’. 4) äéπ caste system = ´’† èπ◊©-´u-´Ææn §ƒ¨»a-ûª’u-©èπ◊ For having been deceived = ¢Á÷Ææ-Tç-îª-•-úÕ-
the meaning of billion is given as one lakh course ™E subject ™E ¶üμ¿-Ø√ç-¨»©’. Å´-í¬-£æ«† é¬ü¿’. †ç-ü¿’èπ◊.
crores. In some other dictionaries it is said as  Output Though he is a Hindu, he has very clear Q. He is in the habit of taking exercise daily.
a number which has 12 cyphers after 1. concept of other religions too = A.
A. i) ߪ’çvû√©’ É´y-í∫-©-¨¡éÀh, éπü¿-Léπ. Åûªúø’ £œ«çü¿÷ Åûª-úÕéÀ ®ÓW ¢√uߪ÷´’ç îËÊÆ Å©-¢√ô’ ÖçC.
I request you to throw light on this matter and
ii) Computer †’ç* ´’†èπ◊ ûÁLÊÆ Ææ´÷-î √®Ωç. Å®·-†-°æp-öÀéÃ, Éûª®Ω ´’û√-© í∫’Jç* ´’ç* Å´- of taking =(¢√uߪ÷´’ç) îËÊÆ.
give the correct value for billion.
iii) äéπ ´’E≠œ/ ÆæçÆæn/ ߪ’çvûªç äéπ EKgûª
í¬-£æ«† ÖçC. éÀçC ¢√é¬u©†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ îÁ°æpçúÕ.
A. The correct amount of One billion is, One äéπ engineer, äéπ bridge †’ design îËÆæ’h-†o-
thousand million. A million = One thousand
鬩ç™ îËߪ’-í∫© °æE. Q. She would see the books she read.
 Hang over
°æ¤púø’, bridge °æ‹®Ωh-®·† ûª®√yûª ÅC ᙫ
thousand. One billion = 1000 000 000 = One Öçô’çC ÅØËC, °æ‹®Ωh-®·† bridge ü¿%¨¡uç, ÅûªúÕ A. ûª†’ îªC-N† °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©†’ îª÷ÊÆC (í∫ûªç™).
A.
hundred crore. This is the correct figure. Q. A writer has to avoid common things which
´’ü¿uç/ ´÷ü¿-éπ-vü¿-¢√u©/ ´’ûª’h °æüΔ-®√n© ´’†-Ææ’™ ¢Á·ü¿õ‰ éπE°œÆæ’hçC – Ñ ü¿%¨¡uç, con-
are known to all.
Mullakunti Sudhakar, Kurnool
v°æ¶μ«´ç™ N’TL ÖçúËC. cept.
Q. On every monday in A. ®Ωîª-®·-ûª©’ Åçü¿-JéÃ
Chaduvu column you

She is an avid dance student

ûÁL-Æœ† ≤ƒ´÷†u¢Á’i†
are giving some mod- N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ´C-™‰-
ern expressions to ߪ÷L.
readers in Eenadu Q. i) Here are some
which have become rules given for
the part of modern English usage now. As a
 Commutators Concept Schools E®√y-£æ«-èπ◊© good spelling.
reader of your column I am happy to know
A. Commutators v°æ鬮Ωç Concept school Åçõ‰ ii) We witnessed a very good rush this year
and to learn this kind of new expressions -Ççí∫x-¶μ«-≠æ-ù 530 Å®Ωnç Åéπ\úÕ °œ©x©ûÓ §ƒ®∏√©’ •öÃd-
ÅØË ´÷ô
Commuter compared to last year.
you have been giving. Please let me know
™‰ü¿’. ÅC Å®·
how do you know that such sort of expres-
ÖçúÌa. Å®Ωnç = ®ÓW °æ-öÀdç*, °æK-éπ~™x áèπ◊\´ marks -O-öÀ-™ given, compared -à -Å®√n-©-E≤ƒh®·?
sions/ words have come into use in present
ÉçöÀ †’ç* î√™« ü¿÷®Ωçí¬ Ö†o ´îËaô’x îªC-Nç-îª-èπ◊çú≈ subjects ™E A. i) Given = É´y-•-úÕ†;
day English? For this, what kind of books
ÖüÓuí∫ç îÓöÀéÀ bus/ train ©™ N≠æ-ߪ÷© °æôx Å´-í¬-£æ«† éπL-TçîË ÖüËl- are given = É´y-•-úÕ-†N.
you read and refer? Because I too want to
v°æߪ÷ùç îËÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx. ¨¡çûÓ ¶CμçîË schools ÅE. Concept ii) compared = §ÚLÊÆh.
know like you, that such expression/ words  Puttage school èπ◊ ÉD Å®Ωnç ÅE ¢√öÀ E®√y-£æ«-
compared to last year = éÀçü¿õ‰-ú≈-CûÓ
are becoming modern in the present usage. A. Ñ ´÷ö ™‰ü¿’ English ™. èπ◊-©èπ◊ ûª°æp ´’È®-´-Jéà ŮΩnç é¬ü¿’.
Suggest me what should I do for this. And •£æ›¨» ÉC footage Å®· Teach the student the concept of a
§ÚLÊÆh.
also suggest me a simple and good the- ÖçúÌa. Å®Ωnç – äéπ ÆæEo-¢Ë-¨»Eo M.SURESAN subject, let them not mug up the K. Satyanarayana, Visakhapatnam
saurus dictionary to improve my vocabulary îª÷Ê° -†-*vûª ¶μ«í∫ç/ v°æî√®Ωç subjects = NüΔu-JnéÀ N≠æߪ’ç Å´-í¬-£æ«† Q. I am a teacher question tag- Aren't I
èπ◊,
as a learner at the beginning juncture. éÓÆæç Å´-Ææn©’ °æúË ®√ï-éÃߪ’ Ø√ߪ’-èπ◊-©†’ ÅßË’uô’x ¶Cμç; ¢√∞¡xûÓ §ƒ®∏√-Lo •öÃd °æöÀdç-îªèπ◊. I am not teacher
Å´¤-ûª’çC. negative
ÅØË
A. To know the modern expressions in English, îª÷°œçîË îª©-†-*vûª ¶μ«í∫ç.  Warmonger statement Am I not a teacher
 Coastal Corridor
éÀ Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-
all that you have to do is read standard A. ߪ·üΔl¥©’ éÓ®Ω’-èπ◊ØË¢√∞¡Ÿx, ¨»çAéÀ •ü¿’©’/ tag form
§Ú-ûª’çüΔ? ™‰éπ-§ÚûË Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ™
English magazines like the India Today, The A. Ææ´·vü¿ B®Ωç ¢Áç•úÕ ´÷®Ω_ç/ ®Ω£æ«-üΔJ.
éπߪ÷u-EéÀ 鬩’ü¿’¢Ëy-¢√∞¡Ÿx. Aren't I a teacher
™«í¬ ÅØ√™«?
week, and newspapers like the Times of Corridor = È®çúø’ ¢Áj°æ¤© Ö†o í∫ü¿’© ´®Ω-Ææ©
 Avid A. Correct question tags:
India. Further browse the web for new addi- ´’üμ¿u† ÖçúË ´÷®Ω_ç/ †úø´.
A. üËE °æôx-®·Ø√ ¶«í¬ Öû√q£æ«ç/ Çûª’-®Ωûª éπ©. I am a teacher, aren't I?
tions to the English vocabulary. You'll find  Shops Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ M/s ÅE Öçô’çC Åçõ‰
them. Once you see them, practise them by Messers ÅE Å®Ωl¥´÷? He is an avid watcher of the TV = Åûªúø’ I am not a teacher, Am I
using them in sentences of your own. The TV Çûª’-®Ω-ûªí¬/ Öû√q-£æ«çûÓ îª÷≤ƒhúø’. (Am not am I - correct question
A. Å´¤†’. Å®·ûË M/s (Messrs), äéπJ éπçõ‰ èπ◊, ÅØËC
other thing you've to do is read books of áèπ◊\´ ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®ΩxûÓ ÖçúË Company Ê°®ΩxÍé She is an avid dance student = Öû√q£æ«ç/ tag)
English fiction by novelists like Chase, ¢√úøû√ç: M/s San and San (È®çúø÷ ´uèπ◊h© Çûª’-®Ω-ûªûÓ dance ØË®Ω’a-èπ◊ç-ô’çC/ Dance °æôx Q. Ever, never -©-†’ èπÿ-ú≈ present perfect -™-ØË
Harold Robins, Geoffrey Ascher, etc. Ê°Í®x)/ M/s Rao and Naidu, etc. ÅçûË-é¬F Ç¢Á ’èπ◊ î√™« Öû√q£æ«ç/ Çûª’-®Ωûª. -Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-T≤ƒh®Ω-E -îª-C-¢√-†’. é¬-E éÌ-Eo≤ƒ®Ω’x pre-
Imp: You must be ready to spot a new Éûª®Ω Ê°®Ωx ´·çü¿’ ¢√úøç. M/s Reliance  commit sent simple -™ -†÷ -îÁ°æ¤ h-Ø√o®Ω’. Is it correct?
expression and study its use in the book. Corporation Ltd., ņúøç ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’, ÅN A. äéπ °æE îËߪ’úøç – ´·êuçí¬ îÁúø’. Commit Please explain.
A.V.Subba Rao, Onipenta, Kadapa. ´uèπ◊h© Ê°®Ω’x 鬴¤ 鬕öÀd. suicide/ murder/ rape/ theft, etc. A. Ever = á°æ¤p-úÁj-Ø√/- á-©x-°æ¤púø÷– DEo à tense ûÓ
Q. éÀçC¢√öÀ í∫’-Jç-* N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.  Messers Åçõ‰?  Commitment ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a. Å®·ûË ´·êuçí¬ questions ™
 1) Introvert 2) Extrovert A. Messrs, Mr (Mister) èπ◊ plural. A. Commitment to somebody = äéπ-J-éÀ-*a† éÌEo éÌEo expressions ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ ¢√-úø-û√ç.
A. 1) Åçûª-®Ω’t-ê’©’ – ¢√∞¡x Ç™-îª-†©’ ¢√∞¡x™ØË  General store, Medical store © ûª®Ω’-¢√ûª ´÷ôèπ◊ •ü¿’l¥™„j Öçúøôç. a) All that he ever does is to complain =
°ô’d-èπ◊E, Éûª-®Ω’-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’-°æ-èπ◊çú≈, Éûª-®Ω’-©ûÓ Å™« é¬èπ◊çú≈ plural ™ General stores, Commitment to something = äéπ N≠æ-ߪ÷- complain
¢√úø’ îËÊÆ-ü¿çû√, (Does îËߪ’-úø¢Ë’.
éπ©-´-èπ◊çú≈ äçô-Jí¬ ÖçúËçü¿’èπ◊ É≠æd°æúË- Medical stores ÅE Öçô’çC? áçü¿’-éπE? EéÀ éπô’d-•úÕ Öçúøôç. - present simple)
¢√∞¡Ÿx A. äÍé ®Ωéπ-¢Á’i† ´Ææ’h-´¤-©†’ Ţ˒t ü¿’é¬-ù«Eo We all appreciate Loksatta's commitment b) Does he ever help you? (Question - does
X 2) •£œ«-®Ω’t-ê’©’– Åçü¿-JûÓ éπ©’-°æ¤-íÓ-©’í¬ Stores Åçö«®Ω’. Medical Stores - ´’çü¿’©’ to clean politics = E≠æ \-∞¡çéπ ®√ï-éÃ-ߪ÷-©èπ◊ help - present simple - question) É™«Íí,
ÖçúÕ, ûª´’ Ç™-îª-†©†’ Éûª®Ω’©ûÓ °æç-èπ◊- (´÷vûªç) Ţ˒t shop. General Stores - ™é˙-Ææû√h éπô’d-•úÕ Öçúøö«Eo ´’†-´’çû√ ¢Á’a- Did he ever ...? simple
ÅE èπÿú≈ Åçö«ç
ØË-¢√∞¡Ÿx. ≤ƒ´÷-Ø√u-´-Ææ-®√© ´Ææ’h-´¤-©¢Ë’t shop. past
 Possessiveness
èπ◊çö«ç. ™.
 Module There is no commitment on the part of the c) Has he ever helped you? -
A. ´’† ´Ææ’h´¤O’ü¿ ´’†Íé ÅCμ-鬮Ωç, ´’´’ûª FÈé°æ¤p-úÁjØ√
A. 1) àüÁjØ√ course (´·êuçí¬ College/ Govt to the welfare of the people = v°æï© Present perfect.
Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç î˨»ú≈?–
Öçú≈L ÅØË ûªûªyçûÓ, Éûª-®Ω’©’ üΔEo ņ’-¶μº- University) ™ äéπ ¶μ«í∫ç. 2) È®çúø’ ´‚úø’
Nç-îªúøç/ üΔEûÓ Ææç•çüμ¿ç °ô’déÓ´úøç ¶μºJç- ÆæçÍé~´’ç °æôx v°æ¶μº’ûªyç éπô’d-•úÕ ™‰ü¿’. Never †’ Éçé¬ frequent í¬ -Å-Eo tenses ™
¶μ«í¬©’ éπL°œ ûªßª÷®ΩßË’u ߪ’çvûªç-™E Ç
îª-™‰-E-ûª†ç.
¶μ«í¬©’, Modules. 3) äéπ v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† ©éπ~uçûÓ M. Laxman, Kakinada. ¢√-úø-û√ç.
ûªLxéÀ ûª† äÍé äéπ éÌúø’èπ◊ O’C ´’´’-鬮Ωç– a) He never comes here (Pr. simple)
ÅûªúÕ ¶μ«®Ωu (ûª† éÓúøL)†’ èπÿú≈ ü¿í∫_-®Ωèπ◊ ®√F- îËÊÆ Computer Programme ™E ¶μ«í∫ç. éÀçC ÉçTx≠ˇ ¢√é¬u-©èπ◊ ûÁ©’í∫’ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
b) He never came here when he was here
4) ¢Óu´’-؈-éπ™x Ææyûªç-vûª-¢Á’i† ¶μ«í∫ç. Q. The judge ordered him to be punished.
ߪ’E ûªûªyç. (past simple)
 Much more  Concept school ™ concept Åçõ‰ àN’öÀ? A. Ø√uߪ’-´‚Jh Åûª-úÕE PéÀ~ç-î√-Lqç-Cí¬ Çñ«c-°œç-
c) I will never see you again (future) - É™«
A. î√™« áèπ◊\´- He has much more property A. ÉC Å®Ωnç °æ®Ωnç ™‰E -´÷-ô. •£æ›¨» ¶μ«®Ω-û˝™  î√úø’.
Å®Ωnç ÆæJí¬ Öçõ‰ à tense ™ØÁjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
than I have = His property is much more ÅD Ççvüμ¿-v°æ-üË-¨¸™ ûª°æp ÉçÈé-éπ\ú≈ ¢√úø®Ω’. Q. We have made him what he is.
than mine = Ø√ ÇÆœh éπçõ‰ î√™« áèπ◊\´. ÉçÈé-éπ\ú≈ Ñ ´÷ô Å®Ωnç é¬ü¿’. A. Ñ®ÓV Åûª-úÕE ÉçûªöÀ-¢√-úÕE îËÆœçC ¢Ë’¢Ë’.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm