CHAPTER 10: MOLAR MASS & PERCENT

COMPOSITION

CALCULATING MOLAR MASS OF COMPOUNDS

a. sodium hydroxide

FORMULA: ______________________________________

NaOH
Na = 23.0g
O = 16.0g
H = 1.0g
23.0 + 16.0 + 1.0 = 40.0 g/mol NaOH
b. calcium cyanide

FORMULA: ______________________________________

Ca(CN)2
Ca = 40.1g
C = 2 (12.0g) = 24.0g
N = 2 (14.0g) = 28.0g
40.1 + 24.0 + 28.0 = 92.1 g/mol Ca(CN)2

c. magnesium phosphate

FORMULA: ______________________________________

Mg3(PO4)2
Mg = 3 (24.3g) = 72.9g
P = 2 (31.0g) = 62.0g
O = 8 (16.0g) = 128.0g
72.9 + 62.0 + 128.0 = 262.9 g/mol Mg3(PO4)2
d. iron(III) chromate

FORMULA: ______________________________________

Fe2(CrO4)3
Fe = 2 (55.8g) = 111.6g
Cr = 3 (52.0g) = 104g
O = 12 (16.0g) = 192.0g
111.6 + 104 + 192 = 407.6 g/mol Fe2(CrO4)3

PER CENT COMPOSITION

a. Find the per cent composition of calcium cyanide:
Formula: ____ Ca(CN)2______________________
% Ca = 40.1g/92.1g x 100 = 43.55%
% C = 24.0g/92.1g x 100 = 26.05%
% N = 28.0g/92.1g x 100 = 30.40%
% Ca = __43.55%________
% C = __26.05%________
% N = __30.40%________
How many grams of calcium are in 40.0g of calcium cyanide?
43.54 g Ca
100 g Ca(CN)2

x
40.0 g

x = 17.41 g Ca
b. Find the per cent composition of magnesium phosphate:
Formula: _____ Mg3(PO4)2_____________________
% Mg = (3 x 24.3g)/262.9g x 100 = 27.73%
% P = (2 x 31.0g)/262.9g x 100 = 23.58%
% O = (8 x 16.0g)/262.9g x 100 = 48.69%
% Mg = _27.73%_________
% P = __23.58%________
% O = _48.69%_________
How many grams of magnesium are in 350g of magnesium phosphate? ___________________
27.73 g Mg
100 g Mg3(PO4)2

x
350.0 g

x = 97.06 g Mg

What mass of magnesium phosphate contains 15g of magnesium? ___________________

27.73 g Mg
100 g Mg3(PO4)2

15.0 g Mg
x

x = 54.09 g Mg3(PO4)2
2

TRY:
1.

Find the molar mass of each compound below:

a. lithium carbonate
FORMULA: LiCO3
Li = 6.9g
C = 12.0g
O = 3 (16.0g) = 48.0g
b.

____________________

6.9 + 12.0 + 48.0 = 66.91 g/mol LiCO3

calcium nitrate

_____________________

FORMULA: Ca(NO3)2
Ca = 40.0g
N = 2 (14.0g) = 28.0 g
O = 6 (16.0g) = 96.0 g
40.0 + 28.0 + 96.0 = 164.0 g Ca(NO3)2
c.

tin (IV) sulfate

______________________

FORMULA: Sn(SO4)2
Sn = 118.7g
S = 2 (32.1 g) = 64.2g
O = 8 (16.0g) = 128.0g
118.7 + 64.2 + 128.0 = 310.9 g Sn(SO4)2
2. Find the percent composition of tin (IV) sulfate.
FORMULA: Sn(SO4)2
% Sn = 118.7g/310.9g x 100 = 38.18%
% S = (2 x 31.0g)/310.9g x 100 = 19.94%
% O = (8 x 16.0g)/310.9g x 100 = 41.17%
% Sn = _38.18%_________
% S = _19.94%_________
% O = _41.17%_________
How many grams of tin are in 250g of tin (IV) sulfate?
38.18 g Sn
100 g Sn(SO4)2

x
250 g

x = 95.45 g Sn(SO4)2
3

MOLAR MASS AND % COMPOSITION HOMEWORK

NAME:
DATE:

1. Label each compound below as ionic or molecular. Write the formula and determine the molar mass of
each compound.
COMPOUND

IONIC/
FORMULA
MOLECULAR?

MOLAR MASS

barium sulfate

BaSO4

233.4 g/mol

tricarbon octahydride

C3H8

44 g/mol

iron (III) carbonate

Fe2(CO3)3

291.6 g/mol

tetraphosphorus
decoxide

P4O10

284.0 g/mol

strontium phosphate

Sr3(PO4)2

452.8 g/mol

2. Find the per cent composition of iron (III) carbonate.

% Fe = 38.3%
% C = 12.4%
% O = 49.4%

1. How many grams of iron are in 125g of iron (III) carbonate?

____47.8 g________

2. What mass of iron(III) carbonate contains 10.0g of iron?

____26.1 g________

PERCENT COMPOSITION

Name:

Determine the percent composition of each of the compounds below:

1. KMnO4
% K = __24.7%_____
% Mn = __34.8%_____
% O = ___40.5%_____
2. HCl
% H = ___2.7%______
% Cl = ___97.3%_____
3. Mg(NO3)2
% Mg = ___16.2%____
% N = __18.9%______
% O = __64.9%______

4. (NH4)3PO4
% N = __28.2%____
% H = __8.1%_______
% P = ___20.8%______
% O = __43.0%______
5. Al2(SO4)3
% Al = __15.8%______
% S = ___28.1%______
% O = ___56.1%_____
Solve the following problems:
6. How many grams of oxygen can be produced from the decomposition of 100g of KClO3?
3x16 = 39.2% 39.2 % =39.2 g O in 100g KClO3
122.6
7. How much iron can be recovered from 25.0g of Fe2O3?
MM=196.6g/mol
69.9 =
x
100
25
x = 17.5 g Fe
8. How much silver can be produced from 125g of Ag2S? MM=425.3g/mol
92.5g Ag
100g Ag2S

x
125

x = 115.6 g Ag

MOLE CONVERSIONS
5

1. Find the molar mass of each compound below:

a. diphosphorus pentoxide
P2O5

__142 g/mol ____________

b. copper (II) sulfate

CuSO4

__159.5 g/mol ___________

c. calcium cyanide
Ca(CN)2

___92.1 g/mol __________

d. aluminum nitrate
Al(NO3)3

__213 g/mol ___________

MOLE CONVERSIONS:
6.02 x 1023 molecules = 1 mole
6.02 x 1023 formula units = 1 mole
molar mass in grams = 1 mole

(molecular compounds)
(ionic conpounds)
(use mass from periodic table)

1. Find the mass of 4.50moles of diphosphorus pentoxide.

4.5 moles

142 g =
1 mole

639 g

2. How many moles is 250.0g of copper (II) sulfate?

250.0 g

1 mole
159.5 g

92.1 g

_____________

1.57 moles

3. Find the mass of 0.545moles of calcium cyanide.

0.545 mole

_____________

______________

50.14 g

1 mole
4. How many molecules are in 110g of diphosphorus pentoxide? _______________
110 g

1 mole
213 g

6.02 x 1023 molecules

1 mole

= 3.1 x 1023 molecules

Try: Make the following mole conversions.

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STEP 1: Write the correct formula

STEP 2: Determine the molar mass
STEP 3: Use dimensional analysis to convert
a.

575g of sodium sulfate to moles

________________

Na2SO4 (2)(23) + 32 + (4)(16) = 142 g/mole

575 g

b.

1 mole = 4.05 moles

142 g

0.025moles of phosphorus pentachloride to grams

________________

PCl5 (31) + (5)(35.5) = 206.5 g/mole

0.025 moles

c.

206.5 g = 5.16 g
1 mole

15.0g of iron(III) nitrate to moles

________________

Fe(NO3)3 55.8 + (3)(14) + (9)(16) = 241.8 g/mole

15.0 g
`

d.

1 mole = 0.062 moles

241.8 g

8.02 x 1023 molecules of carbon disulfide to grams

CS2

________________

12 + (2)(32) = 76 g/mole

8.02 x 1023 molecules

1 mole
6.02 x 1023 molecules

76 g
1 mole

= 101.20g

Name:
Date:

HOMEWORK: PRACTICE CONVERSIONS

1. Write the formula for each compound below. Then determine its molar mass.
FORMULA

MOLAR MASS

calcium sulfate

CaSO4

136 g/mol

aluminum cyanide

Al(CN)3

105 g/mol

phosphorus triiodide

PI3

412 g/mol

2. Use the molar masses you found in # 1 to make the following conversions:
a. Find the mass of 1.25moles of calcium sulfate.
1.25 moles

136 g =
1 mole

170 g

b. How many moles is 2.50g of aluminum cyanide?

2.5 g

1 mole
105 g

0.02 moles

c. Find the mass of 0.750moles of phosphorus triiodide.

0.750 moles

412 g =
1 mole

309 g

d. How many molecules is 12.50g of phosphorus triiodide

12.50g

6.02x1023 molecules =
1 mole

1 mole
412 g

1.8 x 1022 molecules

e. Find the number of formula units in 10.0g of calcium sulfate.

10.0 g

1 mole
136 g

6.02x1023 F.U. =
1 mole

4.4 x 1022 F.U.

MOLES AND VOLUME

AVOGADROS HYPOTHESIS: equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure
contain equal numbers of particles

STP:

standard temperature and pressure

0C (temperature) 1 atm (pressure)

How many is a mole?

6.02 x 1023 atoms or molecules or formula units = 1 mole

How heavy is a mole?

Molar mass in grams = 1 mole

How much space does a mole occupy?

Gas at STP

22.4L = 1 mole

TRY: Make the following mole conversions.

a. 14.0L of nitrogen gas at STP to moles
14.0 L N2

b.

0.625 moles

6.02 x 1023 molecules

1 mole

1 mole
71.0 g Cl2

2.1 x 1022 molecules

2.24 x 1025 atoms of neon at STP to liters

2.24 x 1025 atoms Ne

d.

2.5g of chlorine gas at STP to molecules

2.5 g Cl2

c.

1 mole
22.4 L

1 mole
6.02 x 1023 atoms

22.4 L =
1 mole

833. 5 L

13.3L of fluorine gas at STP to grams

13.3 L F2

1 mole
22.4 L

38.0 g F2
1 mole

22.6 g F2

EMPIRICAL AND MOLECULAR FORMULAS

1. a. Find the percent composition of C2H4.
%C = __85.7%_____
%H = __14.3%_____

b. Find the percent composition of C5H10.

%C = __85.7%_____
%H = __14.3%_____

empirical formula: a formula with the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound simplified (CH2)
molecular formula: a chemical formula of a molecular compound that shows the kinds and number of
atoms present in a molecule of a compound NOT simplified (C2H4) and (C5H10)

TRY: Determine the empirical formula of each compound below.

a. P4O10
P2O5
3.

b. C6H12O6
CH2O

c. C3H6O
C3H6O

The empirical formula of a compound is CH2O. Its molar mass is 360g/mol. Find its molecular
formula.

CH2O = 12 + 2(1) + 16 = 30 g/mol

360 / 30 = 12 C12H24O12
4.

The empirical formula of a compound is P2O5. Its molar mass is 284g/mol. Find its molecular
formula.

P2O5 = 2(31.0) + 5(16) = 142 g/mol

284 / 142 = 2 P4O10
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MIXED MOLE CONVERSIONS:

1. Convert the quantities below to moles:
a.

14.0g of lead 1 mole

207.2 g Pb

__0.07 moles___________

b.

20.5g of lithium hydroxide

1 mole
23.9 g LiOH

___0.86 moles___________

c.

14.0L of oxygen gas at STP

1 mole
22.4 L

___0.63 moles___________

2. Find the mass of:

a.

b.

10.0L of hydrogen gas at STP

1 mole
22.4 L

2g H2
1 mole

____0.89 g H2____________

3.21 x 1022 molecules of carbon tetrachloride 154 g CCl4

6.02 x 1023 mlc

___8.2 g CCl4____________

3. Find the empirical formula of each compound below:

a.

C4H8
CH2

b. C12H24O12
CH2O

c. Si3N4
Si3N4

d. C4Cl10
C2Cl5

4. Find the molecular formula of a compound if its empirical formula is C3H8, and its molar mass is
132 g/mol.
C3H8 = 44 g/Mol
132/44 = 3 C9H24
5. Find the molecular formula of a compound if its empirical formula is N2O5, and its molar mass is
216 g/mol.
N2O5 = 108 g/mol
216 / 108 = 2 N4O10

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