Development of LED lighting: Highlights

and Predictions
Steve DenBaars, S
olid State Lighting and Energy Electronics
Materials Dept

1
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1. Energy Savings potential of GaN LEDs,
Current status, problems
2. Physics of Gan LEDs
3. Future: Intelligent LEDs and Laser Lighting

Outline
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Electricity Consumption in CA by End Use
Lighting accounts for ~34% of electricity consumption in CA!
22% National Average
3
2009 Data
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DOE Solid State Lighting MYP
March 2011
Lighting Efficiency
168 lm/W
UCSB, R&D
~50-90 lm/W
Mfg. basis
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Lighting accounts for ~20% of the total electricity consumption in the USA
With implementation of LEDs (2010-2030):
! Electricity consumption from lighting in the USA reduced by ~46%
! Cost savings > $250 billion
! Reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1800 million metric tons of carbon
http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/
ssl_energy-savings-report_jan-2012.pdf
Energy Savings Potential with SSL
without LEDs
with LEDs
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Overall Lighting System Efficiency
4/30/14 6
Courtes
y Cree
Inc
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Solid-state lighting
(SSL)
Backlighting
Decorative lighting Automotive lighting
Plant growth Indoor lighting
Applications for GaN LEDs
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Future of SSL & Power: GaN on GaN
8
1. GaN Lattice matched structure
! Low defect density (< 1E+5 cm
-2
), High throuput Epi&Fab
2. Conductive substrate
! Uniform current flow and high current density, simple mask
design
3. Low Efficiency Droop Semipolar
! 5-10x current flow, Chip area 1/10th
4. High thermal conductivity & Low Thermal Droop
! Good heat spreading and smaller heat sink (lower cost)
10 Sapphire/Thin GaN LEDs = 1 bulk GaN LED
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C-Plane and Nonpolar GaN
Semi polar GaN
GaN Crystal Planes
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Two Biggest Problems w/ White
LEDs
Thermal Droop
UPDATE!!
Quantum Efficiency
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Current Density (A/cm!)
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D
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Peak
Efficiency
Current Droop of Chip
Press Release 150lm/W! ACTUAL Commercial LEDs 70-80 lm/W (warm white)
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GaN on GaN: Improved Efficiency droop LEDs
UCSB c-plane (2009) > -50% at 70 A/cm
2
UCSB semipolar (2012) -14% at 300 A/cm
2

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Reduced Efficiency Droop Semipolar LEDs
UCSB c-plane (2009) > -50% at 70 A/cm
2
UCSB semipolar (2012) -14% at 300 A/cm
2

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13
Future trends:
Intelligent LEDs
&
Laser Lighting
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14 2/08/12
Source:www.electronicsbus.com
Li-Fi communication network
Sensor, Alarm System, Social Preference
Higher capacity than Wifi.
Intelligent LED Light and Communication System
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Laser + Phosphor Lighting
Beyond display, specialty illumination
segments are now exploring laser
lighting
High brightness applications are first
5x Advantage for Directed Beam (Casio
Projector on market)
Reduced system costs (streetlights,
projection, fiber based)
LD Based White
GaN Lasers currently 30% wall-plug
efficiency,
30% WPE!83lm/W (present)
75%WPE -> 200lm/W (future)
UCSB 83 lm/W
White LD pumped
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Laser Based White Lighting
16
83 lm/W with WPE of 24%
Commercial LD EQE as high as
53%
CCT: 4200-6200 K
CRI: 56-71
Laser Diodes are Droop Free across a wide current range
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17
100 Inch GaN Laser TV
GaN Laser Will Impact Displays & Lighting
Visibility Range: Laser High Beam, LED High Beam, Low
beam
Increase Nightime Visibility >700m
700m
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GaN on GaN Applications
18
GaN on GaN
Power Devices Solid State Lighting Laser Diode
EV Car PV Inverters LED Lighting Outdoor
Car Headlight Laser TV
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Summary
Key breakthroughs accomplished in basic GaN materials and
devices has enabled high efficiency lighting.
LED Efficiencies now at 50-90 lm/Watt in market, Next generation
of products will be150 lm/W, potential for greater than 250 lm/W
Low-droop and high-efficiency GaN on GaN LEDs have been
demonstrated
Blue LEDs with >50% EQE at 100A/cm2 and 450mW LOP at
400A/cm2
Blue(450nm) and green (525nm) nonpolar and semipolar laser
diodes achieved
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Thank you for your attention!